Year 10 History Knowledge Organiser – Key topic 4: in modern Britain, c.1900-present

1. Key terms 2. Key dates 1 Hereditary Diseases which are caused by genes which are passed down from 1 1900 Karl Landsteiner discovered groups. diseases parents to children. 1909 ’s team discovered Salvarsan 606, the first magic 2 DNA DNA carries genetic information from one living thing to another. It 2 determines characteristics like eye and hair colour. bullet. 1928 discovered Penicillin. 3 Genome The complete set of DNA carrying all the information needed to build an 3 organism. 4 1932 The creation of the first magic bullet (Prontosil). 4 Haemophilia A genetic disease which causes blood to stop clotting. 5 1939 Florey and Chain continue Fleming’s research on penicillin. 5 Mastectomy Surgery to remove either one or both breasts to treat or prevent breast cancer. 6 1942 The USA began to mass produce penicillin for soldiers in the Second World War. 6 Antibiotic Medicine which limits the growth or spread of bacteria within the body, such as penicillin. 7 1948 The creation of the NHS, providing free medical care for all. MRSA A strain of drug-resistant bacteria that is particularly resistant to 7 8 1950 Evidence was first published linking smoking to lung cancer. antibiotics. 1953 Watson and Crick publish their work on the structure of DNA. 8 X-ray A scan of an area of the body which shows internal organs and bones. 9 1965 - Wide-ranging measures taken to tackle cigarette smoking, 9 CT scan A more detailed scan than an x-ray showing a detailed image of the 10 inside of the body. prese such as banning advertising and banning smoking in public nt places. 10 Radiotherapy A cancer treatment where concentrated waves of radiation are aimed at a tumour in the body to try and shrink it. 11 1990 Launch of the Human Genome Project. 11 Chemotherapy A cancer treatment using a range of different drugs which are injected into the patient to shrink a tumour or prevent the cancer from reoccurring. 3. Key individuals Laparoscopic Using tiny cameras and narrow instruments to operate through a tiny 12 Karl Landsteiner Discovered blood groups in 1900. (keyhole incision. 1 surgery) 2 Paul Ehrlich and Developed magic bullets, Salvarsan 606 (Ehrlich) and 13 Robotic surgery The use of computers for precision surgery. Prontosil (Domagk). Alexander Discovered penicillin but did not pursue his research Magic bullet A chemical drug that kills certain bacteria without harming the body. 3 14 Fleming further. 15 General A community-based doctor who treats minor illnesses. 4 Inspired by the work of Fleming, they developed Practitioner (GP) and penicillin for mass production. 16 Smog A heavy fog caused by air pollution. 5 Modelled the structure of DNA which later led to the and James Human Genome Project. 17 Lifestyle factors The impact of choices such as smoking, diet and alcohol on the health of Watson an individual. 6 Rosalind Took the first photograph of the structure of DNA. 18 Lung cancer A common cause of death in modern Britain. Methods to diagnose, treat Franklin and prevent the illness developed over the years.