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Executive Summary 2001 Landmine Monitor Toward a Mine-Free World Executive Summary 2001 Landmine Monitor Core Group: Human Rights Watch Handicap International (Belgium) Kenya Coalition Against Landmines Mines Action Canada Norwegian People’s Aid Copyright © August 2001 / Human Rights Watch Printing in the United States of America All rights reserved. ISBN 1-56432-262-9 Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2001092115 Report Design: Glenn Ruga/Visual Communications Cover Photo: Corinne Dufka Maps: Jasmine Desclaux-Salachas Cover Design: Rafael Jimenéz ContentsContents About Landmine Monitor 1 Addressing the Needs of Survivors 34 States and Victim Assistance 35 Banning Antipersonnel Mines 5 Standing Committee on Victim Assistance 35 Universalization 5 Ratification 6 Mine Awareness 37 Implementation –The Intersessional 7 Key Actors 37 Work Program Regional Summaries of Mine 38 Global Use of Antipersonnel Mines 7 Awareness Programs Global Production of Antipersonnel Mines 11 International Developments 40 Global Trade in Antipersonnel Mines 13 The Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Process 40 Global Stockpiles of Antipersonnel Mines 13 The Use of Media in Mine Awareness 41 Stockpile Destruction 14 Mines Retained for Training 15 Mine Action Funding 43 and Development Major Mine Action Donors 43 Special Issues of Concern 16 Major Mine Action Recipients 46 Antivehicle Mines with Antihandling Devices 16 Joint Operations 17 Regional Overviews 49 Stockpiling and Transit of Foreign AP Mines 19 Africa 49 Claymore-Type Mines 19 Americas 51 Transparency Reporting 20 Asia/Pacific 54 National Implementation Measures 21 Europe/Central Asia 56 Middle East/North Africa 60 Humanitarian Mine Action 23 Landmine Problem 23 1997 Mine Ban Treaty 63 Impact Survey and Assessment 23 Mine Clearance 25 Mine Ban Treaty Signatories 70 Coordination of Mine Action 27 Mine Action Planning and Prority Setting 28 Notes 72 Post-clearance Development and Land Use 28 Research and Development 29 List of Maps Standing Committee on Mine Clearance 29 1997 Convention on the Prohibition 4 Funding for Mine Clearance 30 of the Use,Stockpiling, Production, and Transfer of Antipersonnel Mines and on Landmine/UXO Casualties and 31 their Destruction Survivor Assistance Global Use of Antipersonnel Mines since 8 New Victims in 2000-2001 31 May 2000 Scale of the Problem 31 Landmine Victims: Needs and Assistance 33 Global Production of Antipersonnel Mines 10 Survivor/Victim Assistance 33 Global Stockpiles of Antipersonnel Mines 12 Capacities of Affected States to Provide 33 Assistance to Landmine Victims Landmine Problem in the World 24 Sample of Regional Developments 34 and Key Findings AboutAbout LandmineLandmine MonitorMonitor his is the executive summary of the third annu- report was released in September 2000 at the Second al report of the Landmine Monitor, an unprece- Meeting of States Parties in Geneva, Switzerland. To dented initiative by the International Campaign prepare this third report, Landmine Monitor had 122 T to Ban Landmines (ICBL) to monitor imple- researchers from 95 countries gathering information. mentation of and compliance with the 1997 Mine Ban The report is largely based on in-country research, col- Treaty, and more generally to assess the efforts of lected by in-country researchers. Landmine Monitor Landmine Monitor the international community to resolve the landmines has utilized the ICBL campaigning network, but has is not a technical crisis. Landmine Monitor marks the first time that also drawn in other elements of civil society to help verification system non-governmental organizations are coming together monitor and report, including journalists, academics in a coordinated, systematic and sustained way to and research institutions. or a formal monitor a humanitarian law or disarmament treaty, Landmine Monitor is not a technical verification inspection regime. and to regularly document progress and problems. system or a formal inspection regime. It is an effort The main elements of the Landmine Monitor sys- by civil society to hold governments accountable to It is an effort by tem are a global reporting network, a central data- the obligations that they have taken on with regard to civil society to base, and an annual report. Landmine Monitor Report antipersonnel mines; this is done through extensive 2001: Toward a Mine-Free World is the third such collection, analysis and distribution of information hold governments annual report. The first report was released in May that is publicly available. Though in some cases it accountable to the 1999 at the First Meeting of States Parties to the Mine does entail investigative missions, Landmine Monitor obligations that Ban Treaty in Maputo, Mozambique while the second is not designed to send researchers into harm’s way and does not include hot war-zone reporting. they have taken Landmine Monitor is meant to complement the on with regard to States Parties reporting required under Article 7 of the Mine Ban Treaty. It was created in the spirit of antipersonnel Article 7 and reflects the shared view that trans- mines. parency and cooperation are essential elements to the successful elimination of antipersonnel mines. But it is also a recognition that there is a need for independent reporting and evaluation. Landmine Monitor and its annual report aim to promote and facilitate discussion on mine-related issues, and to seek clarifications, in order to help reach the goal of a mine-free world. Landmine Monitor works in good faith to provide factual infor- mation about issues it is monitoring, in order to ben- efit the international community as a whole. It seeks to be critical but constructive in its analysis. Landmine Monitor Report 2001 contains informa- tion on every country of the world with respect to land- mine ban policy, use, production, transfer, stockpiling, mine clearance, mine awareness, and survivor assis- tance. Thus, the Monitor does not only report on States Parties and their treaty obligations, it also looks Landmine Monitor at signatory states and non-signatories as well. All researcher Josefa Suárez countries – as well as information on key players in takes notes at a stockpile mine action and victim assistance in the mine-affected destruction event in countries – are included in this report in the belief it will Mary Wareham / HRW, November 2000. / HRW, Mary Wareham Argentina. LANDMINE MONITOR REPORT 2001: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY/1 provide an important means to gauge global effec- reports, discuss their main findings through a peer tiveness on mine action and banning the weapon. review process and evaluate the initiative to date. As was the case in previous years, Landmine Throughout May, June and July the Landmine Monitor acknowledges that this ambitious report has Monitor’s team of regional and thematic coordinators its shortcomings. It is to be viewed as a work in verified sources and edited country reports, with a progress, a system that will be continuously updated, team at Human Rights Watch taking responsibility for corrected and improved. We welcome comments, clar- final fact-checking, editing and assembly of the entire ifications, and corrections from governments and oth- report. Landmine Monitor Report 2001 also includes ers, in the spirit of dialogue and in the search for appendices with reports from major actors in the accurate and reliable information on a difficult subject. mine ban movement, such as UN agencies and the ICRC. The report and its executive summary were Landmine Monitor 2001 Process printed during August and presented to the Third In June 1998, the ICBL formally agreed to create Meeting of States Parties to the 1997 Mine Ban Landmine Monitor as an ICBL initiative. A Core Group Treaty in Managua, Nicaragua in September 2001. was established to develop and coordinate the Landmine Monitor thanks the donors to the initia- Landmine Monitor system. The Core Group consists tive and this third annual report. Landmine Monitor We welcome of Human Rights Watch, Handicap International Report 2001 reflects the ICBL’s views and Landmine comments, (Belgium), Kenya Coalition Against Landmines, Mines Monitor’s donors are in no way responsible for, and clarifications, and Action Canada, and Norwegian People’s Aid. Overall do not necessarily endorse, the material contained in responsibility for, and decision-making on, the the report. It was only possible to carry out this work corrections from Landmine Monitor system rests with the Core Group. with the aid of grants from: Additional organizations and individuals provided governments and • Government of Australia research coordination for this third report. • Government of Austria others, in the Research grants for Landmine Monitor Report • Government of Belgium spirit of dialogue 2001 were awarded in September 2000. The global • Government of Canada research network met in ten regional meetings and in the search • Government of Denmark between October 2000 and January 2001 to discuss • Government of France for accurate and initial findings, exchange information, assess what • Government of Germany research and data gathering had already taken reliable • Government of The Netherlands place, identify gaps, and ensure common research • Government of Norway information on a methods and reporting mechanisms for the Monitor. • Government of Sweden In January and February 2001 draft research reports difficult subject. • Government of Switzerland were submitted to the Landmine Monitor research • Government of United Kingdom coordinators for review and comment. On 8-9 March
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