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Planning the Bothnian Sea Outcome of Plan Bothnia - a Transboundary Maritime Spatial Planning Pilot in the Bothnian Sea (Digital Edition 2013)

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Planning the Bothnian Sea Outcome of Plan Bothnia - a Transboundary Maritime Spatial Planning Pilot in the Bothnian Sea (Digital Edition 2013) Planning the Bothnian sea Plan Bothnia 2013 Planning the Bothnian sea Outcome of Plan Bothnia - a transboundary Maritime Spatial Planning pilot in the Bothnian Sea (Digital edition 2013) Project coordination and editors: Hermanni Backer Manuel Frias Authors: Hermanni Backer Ulf Bergström Christian Fredricsson Ronny Fredriksson Manuel Frias Jyrki Hämäläinen Sten Jerdenius Pål Karlsson Anu Kaskela Pasi Laihonen Sirkka Lehto Mark Mostert Marco Nurmi Annukka Pekkarinen Mirja Rasi Sari Repka Johanna Roto Anne Savola Tiina Tihlman Lovisa Zillén Snowball Design: Johannes Nieminen Tuomas Siitonen Plan Bothnia 2013 It is the story of how two countries can work together to plan their neıghbouring sea spaces. Planning is the art of thinkıng ahead. But how can this be done for a whole sea basin? This book is the summary Staffan Ekwall (DG MARE, Unit Book design team outcome of the EU funded E1 – Maritime Policy), Sirkka Johannes Nieminen, project Plan Bothnia (MARE Lehto, Anne Savola (Regional Tuomas Siitonen with 2009/16). The 0,5M euro initiative Council of Satakunta), Timo Kyösti Saaren-Seppälä, ran for 18 months between Juvonen, Heidi Saaristo, Heikki Illustrations by Jukka Pylväs December 2010 and May 2012 Saarento (Regional Council of under the co-ordination of the South-West Finland), Johnny All illustrations and maps Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) Berglund (County Administrative have been produced by secretariat. The initiative Board Västerbotten), Hans-Göran the Plan Bothnia project also provided a supporting Lax, Jens Perus, Vincent Westberg except page 33. geographical information system (ELY Centre Österbotten), Anna- (GIS) map service, a blog diary and Leena Seppälä, Tapio Suominen Book visual review a library of process documents. (ELY Centre Southwest Finland), Joost Grootens These, and this book, are available Anders Elhammer, Lovisa Zillén from www.planbothnia.org until at Snowball (Geological Survey of Book language editing least 2015 Sweden), Erik Törnblom, Lennart Rachel Stevenson Nordvarg, Roger Björk, Eva Project co-ordination Bergdahl (County Administrative Printed by Lead partner (HELCOM Secretari- Board Uppsala), Magnus Hovberg, Finepress Turku, Finland at): Hermanni Backer (December Björn Andreasson (Swedish 2010 – February 2012), Manuel Maritime Administration), Berit Photos Frias (March 2012 – June 2012) Pettersson, Daniel Matsson, Jannica Haldin Jan Schmidtbauer Crona, Project partner team Joacim Johannesson (Swedish Copyright Hermanni Backer, Manuel Agency for Marine and Water 2013 Helsinki Commission, Frias, Satu Raisamo, Leena Management) Ann Holm, Jan Katajanokanlaituri 6B, 00160 Heikkilä, (Lead partner Helcom Wikström (Regional Council Helsinki, Finland Secretariat), Talis Linkaits, Dzintra of Ostrobotnia), Nina Loberg, Upmace, Baiba Redere (Vasab (County Administrative Board Recommended reference Secretariat), Johanna Roto, Västernorrland), Henry Vallius Hermanni Backer & Manuel Frias Christian Fredricsson, Anita Kullen (Geological Survey of Finland), (eds.) 2013. Planning the (Nordregio), Sari Repka, Mirja Esa Sirkiä (Finnish Traffic Agency) Bothnian Sea –key findings Rasi and Annukka Pekkarinen and Heidi Arponen (Metsähallitus) of the Plan Bothnia project. (Turku university, Centre for Digital edition. Maritime Studies, Pori Unit), Pål Book substance editors ISBN 978-952-67205-5-5 Karlsson, Mark Mostert (Swedish Hermanni Backer & Manuel Frias Board of Housing, Building and Disclaimer Planning), Pasi Laihonen, Minna Book Authors This book does not necessarily Ronkainen,Marco Nurmi (Finnish (Alphabetical order) Hermanni reflect the views of the Environment Institute-SYKE), Backer, Ulf Bergström, Christian organisations involved (either Ulf Bergström, Ronny Fredriksson Fredricsson, Ronny Fredriksson, project partners, participants and Sofia Johansson (Swedish Manuel Frias, Jyrki Hämäläinen, or the EU Commission) University of Agricultural Sten Jerdenius, Pål Karlsson, Sciences-until 1.7.2011 Swedish Anu Kaskela, Pasi Laihonen, Board of Fisheries) Sirkka Lehto, Mark Mostert, Marco Nurmi, Annukka Pekkarinen, Mirja Ministry contacts Rasi, Sari Repka, Johanna Roto, Tiina Tihlman (Finland), Anne Savola, Tiina Tihlman and Sten Jerdenius (Sweden) Lovisa Zillén Snowball Project participant team Book substance review Explore maps on the web: (participants but not Dr. Stephen Jay (University of Most of the maps in this book formal partners) Liverpool), Prof. Juan Luis Suarez are also freely available through Tiina Tihlman, Nunu Pesu, (University of Sevilla), Dr. Daud our website. There you can view, Maaret Stenström (Ministry of Hassan (University of Western interact with and download the the Environment, Finland), Sten Sydney), Dr. Fanny Douvere and GIS data: www.planbothnia.org Jerdenius, Claes Pile (Ministry of Ms. Nicole Schaefer (Sustainable the Environment, Sweden), Jorid Ocean Solutions Inc.) Additional Baltic wide MSP data is accessible Hammersland, Cecilia Lindblad comment by prof. Jacek Zaucha through the HELCOM data and (Naturvårdsverket), Jan Ekebom, (University of Gdansk) map service. www.maps.helcom.fi Summer Night on the Bothnian Sea Floating in light, the cooled-off Bothnian horizon moves into the white nothingness of evening where every star turns pale on the desolate fabric of the vaulted sky and dawn takes over from the hidden sun. Osaka Maru from far-away Nagasaki heads north to the luminous lumberyards of Umeå, towing, without lanterns, wondering bushido souls into a shimmer spun by summer. And like them, other sailors have always wondered; and asked in a hundred foreign tongues: why are the nights of June so white upon the Bothnian waves? Harry Martinson 2009 The Procession of Memories- Selected poems 1929-1945, new bilingual edition translated by Lars Nordström. Wordcraft of Oregon, LLC. La Grande, Oregon, USA. 122 pp. Originally published 1934 in Natur [Nature] as Sommarnatt på Bottniska Havet Published with consent of the translator. PLANNING THE BOTHNIAN SEA CONTENTS STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK 11 Foreword 13 I: Stimulating thinking 14 Planning offshore spaces of the Bothnian Sea 18 II: The Bothnian Sea 20 A sea of plenty: the ecology of the Bothnian Sea 32 People and the Bothnian Sea 40 III: Demands on the Bothnian Sea 42 Maritime traffic 52 Fishing and aquaculture Summary maps 60 Energy These chapters include 72 Nature protection areas maps of features and interests important 76 Defence and scientific research for planning. 78 Sand and gravel extraction 82 Tourism and recreation 84 Cultural heritage 86 IV: Prospects for MSP 88 Bringing it all together 94 Planning in Finland and Sweden 104 V: Plan Bothnia 109 The pilot plan The Plan Reflection on impact assessment Based on this information, the book then sets out a pilot marine plan for the 114 VI: Lessons learnt Bothnian Sea on the page 109. The Plan is also avail- 120 VII: Annexes able as a separate file. 122 The Plan Bothnia project process 124 Processing of fisheries data 125 Monitoring and evaluation 126 External review commentaries 140 Baltic Sea MSP principles 143 Endnotes 146 Map and figure sources 149 Index and Glossary ! NORTHERN EUROPE PLANNING THE BOTHNIAN SEA FOREWORD In all parts of the world the sea is a source of life, of energy, of food, of commerce, of fun. Its water, wind, and waves are all in demand – as a playground for pleasure-seekers and nature-lovers, as a highway for international commerce, as a home for unique communities of wildlife and people. All this is also true for the Bothnian Sea, a part of the northern European Baltic Sea between Finland and Sweden. The Bothnian Sea is used by two neighbouring highly developed societies. There are many demands on its resources, and its open spaces are highly coveted areas for developments such as wind power farms. This relatively sparsely habitated corner of the world is also, at least at times, a place of wild seas and ancient heritage. Like planning on land, maritime spatial planning is a process that has to incorporate ideals of the public good and the various politically-anchored ways to define this, taking in to account private development interests as well as the physical realities of limited natural resources and fragile ecosystems. This book provides an introduction to the Bothnian Sea and the ideas around maritime spatial planning for its offshore areas. We have tried to present a balance between the perspectives of competing interests. As this has been a pilot initiative, we have not aimed to give you ready answers, but instead try to provoke further debate. The Bothnian Sea and its future are in your hands. The editors Helsinki, February 2013 This digital 2013 edition includes corrections to the 2012 print version. "" I:PLANNING Stimulating THE BOTHNIAN SEA PART I OF VII STIMULATING THINKING thinking "# SettingPLANNING THE BOTHNIAN SEA PART the I OF VII sceneSTIMULATING THINKING for planning the Bothnian Sea. "$ PLANNING THE BOTHNIAN SEA PART I OF VII STIMULATING THINKING Planning offshore spaces MSP of the Bothnian Sea Maritime, or marine, spatial This book explores the offshore areas of the Bothnian Sea through a planning is “the process of pilot study on transboundary maritime spatial planning (MSP). It is analyzing and allocating one of only a few MSP excercises that has been carried out jointly by human activities to achieve civil servants and researchers from different countries sharing a sea, environmental, social and in this case Sweden and Finland. economic objectives usually defined through a political In precise legal terms, as defined by the UN Convention on the Law 1
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