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A Comparison of Scallop (Placopecten Magellankus) Population and Community Characteristics Between Fished and Unfished Areas in Lunenburg County, N.S., Canada

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A Comparison of Scallop (Placopecten Magellankus) Population and Community Characteristics Between Fished and Unfished Areas in Lunenburg County, N.S., Canada A Comparison of Scallop (Placopecten magellankus) Population and Community Characteristics Between Fished and Unfished Areas in Lunenburg County, N.S., Canada F. Brocken and E. Kenchington Science Branch Maritimes Region Invertebrate Fisheries Division Department of Fisheries and Oceans Bedford Institute of Oceanography P.O. Box 1006 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 2258 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2258 A COMPARISON OF SCALLOP (PLACOPECTElV MAGELLANICUS) POPULATION AND COMMUT\JITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN FISHED AND UNFISHED AREAS IN LmENBURG CObJTY, N.S., CANADA F. Brocken and E. Kenchinglon Science Branch Mariti~nesRegion Invertebrate Fisheries Division Department of Fisheries and Oceans Bedford Institute of Oceanography P.O. Box 1006 Dartmouth, Xova Scotia B2Y 4A2 O Minister of Public Works and Cove enr Services Canada 1998 Cat. ho. Fs. 97-61225% ISSN 0706-6457 Correct citation for this publication: Brocken. F. and E. Kenchingon. 1999. A comparison of scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) populatiol~ and community characteristics between fished and unfished areas in Lunenburg County. N.S., Canada. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2258: vi " 93 p. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................iv R&SUME ............................................................................................................................v DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................vi INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1 PLACOPECTENMAGELLANICUS .............................................................................................1 Distribution .....................................................................................................................1 Feeding ............................................................................................................................I Swimming .........................................................................................................................2 Life Cycle and Grolt*th..................................................................................................... 3 Mortality .........................................................................................................................-5 SCALLOPFISHERY m- LL~~ENBURG COUNTY ......................................................................... 7 1998 RESEARCHPROJECT ..................................................................................................... 9 MATENALS AND METHODS ....................................................................................10 SAMPLESITES ...................................................................................................................... 10 DENSITY. MORTALITY. SIZE AND AGEDISTRIBUTION ........................................................ 10 GROWTH& PRODCCTION................................................................................................... 11 RrlM/D:%g Ratio A nct1j~si.s-.............................................................................................. -11 RKA /D1Vi4 :4WeaLsurenzentProtocol .................................................................................12 CO~IXICNITY& ABIOTIC CONDITIONS .................................................................................. 13 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 14 D~ssiru,MORTALITY: SIZE AND AGEDISTRIBUTION ........................................................ 14 Density and itdortalifj..................................................................................................... 14 Size Distribution ............................................................................................................ 14 Age Distrihutio~z............................................................................................................. 16 GROWTH& PRODUCTION................................................................................................... 16 Body Compotzents T/'ariation with Size und Be fiveen Sites ......................................... 16 96 Yield I'uriution with Size and Belween Sites ............................................................. 18 GS! J.'ariatior? with Size and Betuleen Sites .................................................................... 19 GQI~L~~Uleight Frey uencCj:.............................................................................................. 20 RiYA/DAIl%Rut ios ............................................................................................................ 21 COMX.~UNITY& ABIOT~C ~OYDITIOXS ................................................................................. 22 Community ..................................................................................................................... 22 Abiotic Conditions ......................................................................................................... 22 CONCLUSIONS ................................... .. ................................................................. -23 ACKVOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................... 24 RE;FEmNCIES................................................................................................................. 24 TABLES AND FIGURES ...............................................................................................34 APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................65 ABSTRACT Brocken. F. and E. Kenchington. 1999. A comparison of scallop (Plaeopeeten magellanicus) population and comunity characteristics between fished and unfished areas in Lunenburg County. N.S.. Canada. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2258: vi + 93 p. Bayport and Second Peninsula (Lunenburg County, N.S., Canada) were closed to all forms of sea scallop fishing from November 1995 until January 1998. Except for a small stock assessment in Second Peninsula in 1997, no extensive research on the population has been done before or since the closure. In June and August, 1998 scallops were sampled at several sites in three areas off Lunenburg County. Lunenburg and three sites at Second Peninsula were open for scallop fishing. the other samples at Second Peninsula and those at Bayport were in closed areas. Shell height, meat; gonad and soft tissue weight were recorded. A subsample of the meat was used for RXMDNA ratio analysis to detemine the nutritional state of the scallops. At each saniple site the presence of filter feeders, potential predators, depth and bottom type were also recorded. The primary difference between the open and closed areas was seen in the numbers of scallops less than 60 mm shell height. Both of the closed areas (Bayport and Second Peninsula) had high numbers of smaIler scaI1ops in contrast to the Lunenburg area which had very few animals in this size class. However, the sea scallop density and the percentage of clappers were not significantl~different in the open and closed areas. Although not significant, RNA/DNA ratios correlated positi~elywith lower % clappers suggesting that food limitation may be a factor in increases of natural mortality. The closed areas Bayport and Second Peninsula appear to be better grow& environments than Lunenburg because the % yield for a standard shell height in these areas has significantly higher. Due to the presence of small scallops in the closed areas. significant effects on meat weight. gonad weight. soft tissue weight and shell height were found between open and closed areas. Within all areas the variability in the measured characters was high between dix~elocations. Bottoms with gravel showed higher densities than all other bottom groups found in this stud). The maill potential predators found were Cancer irrorafus, Honzurus ~-imericn~wand A's tei.i'us.forbeji Based on data on meat count and percentage of animals over 100 of this study. the SFA29 Inshore Scallop Advisory Committee increased the restriction of the minimum shell height from 100 Inm to 110 rnm for both open and closed areas, thereby protecting more large animals to provide future recruitment. Brocken, F. and E. Kenchington. 1999. A comparison of scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) population and community characteristics between fished and unfished areas in Lunenburg County, N.S., Canada. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2258: vi + 93 p. Toute forme de psche au petoncle a ete interdite a Bayport et a Second Peninsula (comte de Lunenburg. N.-E., Canada) de novembre 1995 a janvier 1998. A I'exception d'une petite evaluation des populations effectuee a Second Peninsula en 1997, aucune recherche exhaustive sur les populations de petoncles n'a ete effectuee avant ou apres la fermeture de la zone. En juin et ao6t 1998, on a preleve des echantillons de petoncles a plusieurs sites dans trois zones au large du comte de Lunenburg. La peehe aux petoncles etait ouverte a Lunenburg et a trois des sites a Second Peninsula; les autres echantillons preleves a Second Peninsula et a Bayport ont ete pris dans des zones fermees. On a note le poids de la chair, des gonades, et du tissu mou,
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