Zhang Et Al., 2015
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
INTRODUCTION the Peruvian "Lead Snail"
RADIATION DECONTAMINATION OF PERUVIAN MARINE "LEAD SNAIL" (THAIS CHOCOLATA) INOCULATED WITH VIBRIO CHOLERAE Ol EL TOR Z. TORRES Instituto Peruano de Energia Nuclear XA0100965 F. ARIAS Universidad Nacional del Centro del Peru Peru Abstract In vivo studies were conducted using marine snails (Thais chocolatd) artificially contaminated in a tank containing sea water inoculated with a pure culture of Vibrio cholerae, such that 105 colony forming units per gram (CFU/g) were uptaken by the mollusks in 1.5 h. A radiation Di0 value of 0.12 kGy was determined for V. cholerae upon subsequent irradiation of the live snails at doses in the range 0.0-4.0 kGy. A second series of tests were conducted using naturally contaminated, non-inoculated snails, shelled and packaged simulating commercial procedures, irradiated at 0.0-3.0 kGy, and stored at 2-4°C. These tests indicated that a dose of 2.0 kGy was optimal to extend the microbiological shelf- life of the snails to 21 days without inducing significant adverse sensory or chemical effects. Non- irradiated snails similarly treated and stored spoiled after only seven days. INTRODUCTION The Peruvian "lead snail" (Thais chocolatd) is a mollusk having a single, heavy, large and wide valve, uniformly brown in color, from which an orange internal columnella and bluish interior can be observed. Its average size is 88-mm long by 35-mm dia. (Rosales, 1988). This snail is typically found in marine rocky beds, where it forms banks at a depth of some 30 m, affixing itself to rocks in temperate waters (15-17°C). -
Life in the Fast Lane – from Hunted to Hunter Middle School Version
Life in the Fast Lane: From Hunted to Hunter Lab Activity: Dissection of a Squid-A Cephalopod Middle School Version Lesson by Kevin Goff Squid and octopi are cephalopods [say “SEFF-uh-luh-pods”]. The name means “head-foot,” because these animals have VIDEOS TO WATCH gripping, grasping arms that emerge straight from their heads. Watch this short clip on the Shape of Life At first glance, they seem totally different from every other website to become familiar with basic mollusc anatomy: creature on Earth. But in fact, they are molluscs, closely related • “Mollusc Animation: Abalone Body to snails, slugs, clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops. Like all Plan” (under Animation; 1.5 min) modern day molluscs, cephalopods descended from simple, Note the abalone’s foot, radula, and shell- snail-like ancestors. These ancient snails crept sluggishly on making mantle. These were present in the seafloor over 500 million years ago. Their shells resembled the snail-like ancestor of all molluscs an umbrella, probably to shield them from the sun’s intense ultraviolet radiation. When all sorts of new predators appeared on the scene, with powerful jaws or crushing claws, a thin shell was no match for such weapons. Over time, some snails evolved thicker shells, often coiled and spiky. These heavy shells did a better job of fending off predators, but they came with a price: They were costly to build and a burden to lug around. These snails sacrificed speed for safety. This lifestyle worked fine for many molluscs. And, still today, nearly 90% of all molluscs are heavily armored gastropods that crawl around at a snail’s pace. -
Physiological Effects and Biotransformation of Paralytic
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION OF PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS IN NEW ZEALAND MARINE BIVALVES ______________________________________________________________ A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Sciences in the University of Canterbury by Andrea M. Contreras 2010 Abstract Although there are no authenticated records of human illness due to PSP in New Zealand, nationwide phytoplankton and shellfish toxicity monitoring programmes have revealed that the incidence of PSP contamination and the occurrence of the toxic Alexandrium species are more common than previously realised (Mackenzie et al., 2004). A full understanding of the mechanism of uptake, accumulation and toxin dynamics of bivalves feeding on toxic algae is fundamental for improving future regulations in the shellfish toxicity monitoring program across the country. This thesis examines the effects of toxic dinoflagellates and PSP toxins on the physiology and behaviour of bivalve molluscs. This focus arose because these aspects have not been widely studied before in New Zealand. The basic hypothesis tested was that bivalve molluscs differ in their ability to metabolise PSP toxins produced by Alexandrium tamarense and are able to transform toxins and may have special mechanisms to avoid toxin uptake. To test this hypothesis, different physiological/behavioural experiments and quantification of PSP toxins in bivalves tissues were carried out on mussels ( Perna canaliculus ), clams ( Paphies donacina and Dosinia anus ), scallops ( Pecten novaezelandiae ) and oysters ( Ostrea chilensis ) from the South Island of New Zealand. Measurements of clearance rate were used to test the sensitivity of the bivalves to PSP toxins. Other studies that involved intoxication and detoxification periods were carried out on three species of bivalves ( P. -
Sclerochronological Records of Arctica Islandica from the Inner German Bight Vale´Rie M
The Holocene 16,5 (2006) pp. 763Á 769 Sclerochronological records of Arctica islandica from the inner German Bight Vale´rie M. Epple´,1* Thomas Brey,2 Rob Witbaard,3 Henning Kuhnert4 and Ju¨rgen Pa¨tzold1,4 (1Research Center for Ocean Margins (RCOM), P.O. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany; 2Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; 3Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands; 4Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany) Received 12 July 2004; revised manuscript accepted 16 December 2005 Abstract: Sclerochronological records of interannual shell growth variability were established for eight modern shells (26 to 163 years of age) of the bivalve Arctica islandica, which were sampled at one site in the inner German Bight. The records indicate generally low synchrony between individuals. Spectral analysis of the whole 163-yr masterchronology indicated a cyclic pattern with a period of 5 and 7 years. The masterchronology correlated poorly to time series of environmental parameters over the last 90 years. High environmental variability in time and space of the dynamic and complex German Bight hydrographic system results in an extraordinarily high ‘noise’ level in the shell growth pattern of Arctica islandica. Key words: Arctica islandica, German Bight, sclerochronology, time series, environmental variability, spectral analysis, masterchronology. Introduction (Jones, 1983; Weidmann et al., 1994; Marchitto et al., 2000) and later in the Baltic (Brey et al., 1990; Zettler et al., 2001) Holocene palaeoclimatic reconstructions for the North Atlan- and North Sea (Witbaard et al., 1996; Scho¨ne et al., 2003). In tic have been predominantly carried out using annually banded the North Atlantic, as well as in the North Sea Arctica deposits terrestrial proxies, such as tree-rings or ice-cores (Cook and annual growth bands (Jones, 1983), which show similar growth Kariukstis, 1990; Luterbacher et al., 2002; Davies and Tipping, patterns within a population (Witbaard and Duineveld, 1990; 2004). -
A Comparison of Scallop (Placopecten Magellankus) Population and Community Characteristics Between Fished and Unfished Areas in Lunenburg County, N.S., Canada
A Comparison of Scallop (Placopecten magellankus) Population and Community Characteristics Between Fished and Unfished Areas in Lunenburg County, N.S., Canada F. Brocken and E. Kenchington Science Branch Maritimes Region Invertebrate Fisheries Division Department of Fisheries and Oceans Bedford Institute of Oceanography P.O. Box 1006 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 2258 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2258 A COMPARISON OF SCALLOP (PLACOPECTElV MAGELLANICUS) POPULATION AND COMMUT\JITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN FISHED AND UNFISHED AREAS IN LmENBURG CObJTY, N.S., CANADA F. Brocken and E. Kenchinglon Science Branch Mariti~nesRegion Invertebrate Fisheries Division Department of Fisheries and Oceans Bedford Institute of Oceanography P.O. Box 1006 Dartmouth, Xova Scotia B2Y 4A2 O Minister of Public Works and Cove enr Services Canada 1998 Cat. ho. Fs. 97-61225% ISSN 0706-6457 Correct citation for this publication: Brocken. F. and E. Kenchingon. 1999. A comparison of scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) populatiol~ and community characteristics between fished and unfished areas in Lunenburg County. N.S., Canada. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2258: vi " 93 p. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................iv R&SUME ............................................................................................................................v DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................vi -
Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus Dofleini) Care Manual
Giant Pacific Octopus Insert Photo within this space (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual CREATED BY AZA Aquatic Invertebrate Taxonomic Advisory Group IN ASSOCIATION WITH AZA Animal Welfare Committee Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in association with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Aquatic Invertebrate Taxon Advisory Group (AITAG) (2014). Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual. Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Silver Spring, MD. Original Completion Date: September 2014 Dedication: This work is dedicated to the memory of Roland C. Anderson, who passed away suddenly before its completion. No one person is more responsible for advancing and elevating the state of husbandry of this species, and we hope his lifelong body of work will inspire the next generation of aquarists towards the same ideals. Authors and Significant Contributors: Barrett L. Christie, The Dallas Zoo and Children’s Aquarium at Fair Park, AITAG Steering Committee Alan Peters, Smithsonian Institution, National Zoological Park, AITAG Steering Committee Gregory J. Barord, City University of New York, AITAG Advisor Mark J. Rehling, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Roland C. Anderson, PhD Reviewers: Mike Brittsan, Columbus Zoo and Aquarium Paula Carlson, Dallas World Aquarium Marie Collins, Sea Life Aquarium Carlsbad David DeNardo, New York Aquarium Joshua Frey Sr., Downtown Aquarium Houston Jay Hemdal, Toledo -
Spatial Variability in Recruitment of an Infaunal Bivalve
Spatial Variability in Recruitment of an Infaunal Bivalve: Experimental Effects of Predator Exclusion on the Softshell Clam (Mya arenaria L.) along Three Tidal Estuaries in Southern Maine, USA Author(s): Brian F. Beal, Chad R. Coffin, Sara F. Randall, Clint A. Goodenow Jr., Kyle E. Pepperman, Bennett W. Ellis, Cody B. Jourdet and George C. Protopopescu Source: Journal of Shellfish Research, 37(1):1-27. Published By: National Shellfisheries Association https://doi.org/10.2983/035.037.0101 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2983/035.037.0101 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 37, No. 1, 1–27, 2018. SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN RECRUITMENT OF AN INFAUNAL BIVALVE: EXPERIMENTAL EFFECTS OF PREDATOR EXCLUSION ON THE SOFTSHELL CLAM (MYA ARENARIA L.) ALONG THREE TIDAL ESTUARIES IN SOUTHERN MAINE, USA 1,2 3 2 3 BRIAN F. -
Timing of Shell Ring Formation and Patterns of Shell Growth in the Sea Scallop Placopecten Magellanicus Based on Stable Oxygen Isotopes Author(S): Antonie S
Timing of Shell Ring Formation and Patterns of Shell Growth in the Sea Scallop Placopecten Magellanicus Based on Stable Oxygen Isotopes Author(s): Antonie S. Chute, Sam C. Wainright and Deborah R. Hart Source: Journal of Shellfish Research, 31(3):649-662. 2012. Published By: National Shellfisheries Association DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.031.0308 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2983/035.031.0308 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 31, No. 3, 649–662, 2012. TIMING OF SHELL RING FORMATION AND PATTERNS OF SHELL GROWTH IN THE SEA SCALLOP PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS BASED ON STABLE OXYGEN ISOTOPES ANTONIE S. CHUTE,1* SAM C. WAINRIGHT2 AND DEBORAH R. HART1 1Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543; 2Department of Science, U.S. -
Spisula Solidissima) Using a Spatially Northeastern Continental Shelf of the United States
300 Abstract—The commercially valu- able Atlantic surfclam (Spisula so- Management strategy evaluation for the Atlantic lidissima) is harvested along the surfclam (Spisula solidissima) using a spatially northeastern continental shelf of the United States. Its range has con- explicit, vessel-based fisheries model tracted and shifted north, driven by warmer bottom water temperatures. 1 Declining landings per unit of effort Kelsey M. Kuykendall (contact author) (LPUE) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight Eric N. Powell1 (MAB) is one result. Declining stock John M. Klinck2 abundance and LPUE suggest that 1 overfishing may be occurring off Paula T. Moreno New Jersey. A management strategy Robert T. Leaf1 evaluation (MSE) for the Atlantic surfclam is implemented to evalu- Email address for contact author: [email protected] ate rotating closures to enhance At- lantic surfclam productivity and in- 1 Gulf Coast Research Laboratory crease fishery viability in the MAB. The University of Southern Mississippi Active agents of the MSE model 703 East Beach Drive are individual fishing vessels with Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 performance and quota constraints 2 Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography influenced by captains’ behavior Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences over a spatially varying population. 4111 Monarch Way, 3rd Floor Management alternatives include Old Dominion University 2 rules regarding closure locations Norfolk, Virginia 23529 and 3 rules regarding closure du- rations. Simulations showed that stock biomass increased, up to 17%, under most alternative strategies in relation to estimated stock biomass under present-day management, and The Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solid- ally not found where average bottom LPUE increased under most alterna- issima) is an economically valuable temperatures exceed 25°C (Cargnelli tive strategies, by up to 21%. -
Mollusca Three Classes
Mollusca Three Classes 1. Gastropoda (gastropods)~ slugs and snails 2. Bivalvia (bivalves) ~ clams and other two- shelled shellfish 3. Cephalopoda (cephalopods) ~ squids, octopuses and cuttlefish 1 Bodies of Mollusks • A mollusk has a soft body which is usually covered by a hard outer shell. • Exceptions: – Slugs and octopuses have lost their shells through evolution – Squids have very reduced shells Anatomy of a Mollusk • All mollusks have: – Foot ~ the muscular foot helps it move – Visceral mass ~ contains the gills, gut, and other organs – Mantle ~ covers the visceral mass to protect the mollusks without shells • Most mollusks have: – Shell ~ protects the mollusk from predators and keeps land mollusks from drying out. 2 Symmetry of Mollusks • Mollusks have bilateral symmetry. – The two halves of the body mirror each other. Anatomy of a Snail (gastropod) 3 Anatomy of a Clam (bivalve) Anatomy of a Squid (cephalopod) 4 Eating Behaviors • Bivalves (clams) ~ filter tiny plant and bacteria from the water • Gastropods (snails) ~ eat with a radula (tiny tongue covered with teeth. – The radula is used to scrape algae off rocks and pieces of leaves and seaweed • Cephalopods (squid) ~use tentacles to grab their prey and put it in their powerful jaws. Blue-ringed octopus 5 Market Squid Moon Snail chasing its food 6 Achatina fulica Giant African Land Snail The largest land snail known is the Giant African Land Snail. It can weigh up to 2 pounds and be 15 inches long. Commonly Eaten Mollusks cockles conch oysters clams scallops abalone whelks Mussels Pen shells 7. -
The Atlantic Coast Surf Clam Fishery, 1965-1974
The Atlantic Coast Surf Clam Fishery, 1965-1974 JOHN W. ROPES Introduction United States twofold from 0.268 made several innovative technological pounds in 1947 to 0.589 pounds in advances in equipment for catching An intense, active fishery for the At 1974 (NMFS, 1975). Much of this con and processing the meats which signifi lantic surf clam, Spisula solidissima, swnption was in the New England cantly increased production. developed from one that historically region (Miller and Nash, 1971). The industry steadily grew during employed unsophisticated harvesting The fishery is centered in the ocean the 1950's with an increase in demand and marketing methods and had a low off the Middle Atlantic coastal states, for its products, but by the early annual production of less than 2 since surf clams are widely distributed 1960's industry representatives suspect million pounds of meats (Yancey and in beds on the continental shelf of the ed that the known resource supply was Welch, 1968). Only 3.2 percent of the Middle Atlantic Bight (Merrill and being depleted and requested research clam meats landed by weight in the Ropes, 1969; Ropes, 1979). Most of assistance (House of Representatives, United States during the half-decade the vessels in the fishery are located 1963). As part of a Federal research 1939-44 were from this resource, but from the State of New York through program begun in 1963 (Merrill and by 1970-74 it amounted to 71.8 per Virginia. The modem-day industry Webster, 1964), vessel captains in the cent. Landings from this fishery during surf clam fleet were interviewed to the three-decade period 1945-74 in gather data on fishing location, effort, John W. -
Photoperiod and Temperature Interaction in the Helix Pomatia
Photoperiod and temperature interaction in the determination of reproduction of the edible snail, Helix pomatia Annette Gomot Laboratoire de Zoologie et Embryologie, UA CNRS 687, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques et Centre Universitaire d'Héliciculture, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France Summary. Snails were kept in self-cleaning housing chambers in an artificially con- trolled environment. Mating was frequent under long days (18 h light) and rare under short days (8 h light) regardless of whether the snails were kept at 15\s=deg\Cor 20\s=deg\C.An interaction between photoperiod and temperature was observed for egg laying. The number of eggs laid (45\p=n-\50/snail)and the frequency of egg laying (90\p=n-\130%)were greater in long than in short days (16\p=n-\35/snailand 27\p=n-\77%)but a temperature of 20\s=deg\C redressed, to some extent, the inhibitory effect of short days. At both temperatures only long photoperiods brought about cyclic reproduction over a period of 16 weeks, con- firming the synchronizing role of photoperiod on the neuroendocrine control of egg laying in this species of snail. Keywords: edible snail; mating; egg laying; photoperiod; temperature Introduction The effects of photoperiod and temperature, which influence most reproductive cycles of animals of temperate regions, have given rise to a certain number of observations for pulmonate gastropods. In basommatophorans, the influence of photoperiod and temperature on reproduction has been shown in four species of lymnaeids and planorbids (Imhof, 1973), in Melampus (Price, 1979), in Lymnaea stagnalis (Bohlken & Joosse, 1982; Dogterom et ai, 1984; Joosse, 1984) and in Bulinus truncatus (Bayomy & Joosse, 1987).