Branston Road High School Ecology and Nature Conservation
6.0A ECOLOGY AND NATURE CONSERVATION
A1 Chapter Alterations
A6.1 This chapter of the ES Addendum updates the ES with respect to the following:
At the request of SCC, two additional Figures (see Figures 3.6 and 3.7, Chapter 3) have been prepared to illustrate the combined hedgerow and tree removal / retention / protection works required by both the Development and the adjacent highways works (under Branston Locks planning permission P/2012/01467). Additional consideration of cumulative effects on hedgerows and trees at the Site and the highways improvement works to Branston Road has been provided (additional summary text associated with cumulative effects has been added to Table 6.11).
An updated version of the ‘Preliminary Ecological Appraisal – Branston High School Access and Drop Off Facility’ report by Amey (COSTCDX86201/ ECO1 revision 4).
An updated version of the ‘Winter Bird Survey’ report by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd (RT-MME-121302-06) which includes additional survey data (see Appendix 1).
A6.2 The additional information presented in this addendum has not altered the significance of the effects on ecological receptors compared with the original assessment.
Introduction
6.1 This chapter of the ES assesses the likely significant effects of the Development on the environment in respect of ecology and nature conservation.
Policy Context
National Planning Policy Framework
6.2 In early 2012, the National Planning Policy Framework 1 (NPPF) replaced much previous planning policy guidance, including Planning Policy Statement 9: Biological and Geological Conservation. The government circular 06/05: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation - Statutory Obligations and Their Impact within the Planning System, which accompanied PPS9, still remains valid. A presumption towards sustainable development is at the heart of the NPPF.
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This presumption does not apply however where developments require appropriate assessment under the Birds or Habitats Directives.
6.3 Chapter 11 of the NPPF, on conserving and enhancing the natural environment, sets out how the planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by minimising impacts on biodiversity and, where possible, provide net gains in biodiversity. Opportunities to incorporate biodiversity gains into a development should be encouraged.
6.4 Paragraph 117 states that, to minimise impacts on biodiversity and geodiversity, planning policies should:
plan for biodiversity at a landscape-scale across local authority boundaries;
identify and map components of the local ecological networks, including the hierarchy of international, national and locally designated sites of importance for biodiversity, wildlife corridors and stepping stones that connect them and areas identified by local partnerships for habitat restoration or creation;
promote the preservation, restoration and re-creation of priority habitats, ecological networks and the protection and recovery of priority species populations, linked to national and local targets, and identify suitable indicators for monitoring biodiversity in the plan;
aim to prevent harm to geological conservation interests; and
where Nature Improvement Areas are identified in Local Plans, consid er specifying the types of development that may be appropriate in these Areas.
6.5 Paragraph 118 states that, when determining planning applications, local planning authorities should
aim to conserve and enhance biodiversity by applying the following principle s:
if significant harm resulting from a development cannot be avoided (through locating on an alternative site with less harmful impacts), adequately mitigated, or, as a last resort, compensated for, then planning permission should be refused (referred to as the ‘Mitigation Hierarchy’);
Development on land within or outside a Site of Special Scientific Interest likely to have an adverse effect on a Site of Special Scientific Interest (either individually or in combination with other developments) should not normally be permitted. Where an adverse effect on the Site’s notified special interest features is likely, an exception
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should only be made where the benefits of the Development, at this site, clearly outweigh both the impacts that it is likely to have on the features of the Site that make it of special scientific interest and any broader impacts on the national network of Sites of Special Scientific Interest;
development proposals where the primary objective is to conserve or enhance biodiversity should be permitted;
opportunities to incorporate biodiversity in and around developments should be encouraged;
planning permission should be refused for development resulting in the loss or deterioration of irreplaceable habitats, including ancient woodland and t he loss of aged or veteran trees found outside ancient woodland, unless the need for, and benefits of, the Development in that location clearly outweigh the loss; and
the following wildlife sites should be given the same protection as European sites:
o potential Special Protection Areas and possible Special Areas of Conservation;
o listed or proposed Ramsar sites; and
o sites identified, or required, as compensatory measures for adverse effects on European sites, potential Special Protection Areas, possible Speci al Areas of Conservation, and listed or proposed Ramsar sites.
6.6 Paragraph 123 states that planning policies and decisions should aim to:
avoid noise from giving rise to significant adverse impacts on health and quality of life as a result of new development;
mitigate and reduce to a minimum other adverse impacts on health and quality of life arising from noise from new development, including through the use of conditions;
recognise that development will often create some noise and existing businesses wanting to develop in continuance of their business should not have unreasonable restrictions put on them because of changes in nearby land uses since they were established; and
identify and protect areas of tranquillity which have remained relatively undisturbed by noise and are prized for their recreational and amenity value for this reason.
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6.7 Paragraph 125 states that by encouraging good design, planning policies and decisions should limit the impact of light pollution from artificial light on local amenity, intr insically dark landscapes and nature conservation.
National Planning Practice Guidance
6.8 In March 2014 the Department for Communities and Local Government released guidance to support the NPPF, known as the Planning Practice Guidance (PPG) 2.
6.9 The guidance includes a section entitled ‘Natural Environment: Biodiversity, ecosystems and green infrastructure’ which sets out information with respect to the following:
the statutory basis for minimising impacts on biodiversity and providing net gains where possible;
the local planning authority’s requirements for planning for biodiversity;
what local ecological networks are and how to identify and map them;
the sources of ecological evidence;
the legal obligations on local planning authorities and developers regarding statutory designated sites and protected species;
the considerations for local (non-statutory) designated sites;
definition of green infrastructure;
where biodiversity should be taken into account in preparing a planning application;
how development can enhance biodiversity;
how policy is applied to avoid, mitigate or compensate for significant harm to biodiversity and how mitigation and compensation measures can be ensured; and,
the consideration of ancient woodlands and veteran trees in planning decisions.
Local Planning Policy
East Staffordshire Local Plan (2012-2031)
6.10 The Local Plan (2012-2031)3 was adopted by East Staffordshire Borough Council on 15th October 2015. Policies in the Local Plan relevant to this assessment include:
Strategic Policy SP23 – Green Infrastructure
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Strategic Policy SP26 – National Forest
Strategic Policy SP29 – Biodiversity and Geodiversity
Detailed Policy DP8 – Tree Protection
6.11 Further detail regarding each of the policies listed above is provided in Appendix 6.1.
Tatenhill Parish Neighbourhood Development Plan 2012-2031
6.12 The Tatenhill Parish Neighbourhood Development Plan (TPDP) 4 includes a series of 8 broad objectives, of which one relates to biodiversity and ecology. This states that “the TPNDP should seek to preserve and enhance the parish’s biodiversity, through supporting the retention, creation and improvement of the blue and green infrastructure networks, including woodland, hedgerows and streams”. The following policies are of relevance to this objective:
Strategic Policy 2 – Landscape Features
Landscape and Countryside Policy 3 – National Forest and Green and Blue Infrastructure
6.13 Further detail regarding each of the policies listed above is provided in Appendix 6.1.
Legislative Context
Conservation (Natural Habitats. &C.) Regulations 2010
6.14 The Habitat Regulations 2010 transpose European Economic Community Council Directive 92/43 (The Habitats Directive) into UK law. The regulations place duty upon the relevant authority of the UK government to identify sites which are of importance to the habitats and species listed in Annexes I and II of the Habitats Directive. Those sites which meet the criteria are, in conjunction with the European Commission, designated as sites of Community Importance, which are subsequently identified as Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) by the European Union member states. The regulations also place a duty upon the UK Government to maintain a register of European protected sites designated as a result of EC Directi ve 79/409/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds (The Birds Directive). These sites are termed Special Protection Areas (SPA) and, in conjunction with SACs, form a network of sites known as Natura 2000.
6.15 The regulations also provide for the protection of individual species of fauna and flora of European conservation concern listed in Schedules 2 and 4 respectively. Schedule 2 includes species such as otter and great crested newt for which the UK population represents a significant proportion of the total European population. It is an offence to deliberately kill,
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injure, disturb or trade these species in the UK. Schedule 4 plant species are protected from unlawful destruction, uprooting or trade under the regulations.
The Wildlife and Countryside Act (WCA) 1981
6.16 The WCA, as amended, consolidates and amends pre-existing national wildlife legislation in order to implement the Bern Convention and the Birds Directive. It complements the Conservation (Natural Habitats. &c.) Regulations 2010, offering protection to a wider range of species. The Act also provides for the designation and protection of national conservation sites of value for their floral, faunal or geological features, termed sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs).
6.17 Schedules of the act provide lists of protected species, both flora and fauna, and detail the possible offences that apply to these species.
The Countryside and Rights Of Way (CROW) Act 2000
6.18 The CRoW Act, introduced in England and Wales in 2000, amends and strengthens existing wildlife legislation detailed in the WCA. It places a duty on Government Departments and the National Assembly for Wales to have regard for biodiversity, and provides increased powers for the protection and maintenance of SSSIs.
6.19 The Act also contains lists of habitats and species (Section 74) for which conservation measures should be promoted, in accordance with the recommendations of the Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio Earth Summit) 1992.
The Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006
6.20 Section 40 of the NERC Act places a duty upon all local authorities and public bodies in England and Wales to promote and enhance biodiversity in all of their functions. Section 41 (England) lists habitats and species of principal importance to the conservation of biodiversity in England. These species and habitats are a material consideration in the planning process.
Protection of Badgers Act 1992
6.21 Badgers and their setts are protected under the Protection of Badgers Act 1992. The Protection of Badgers Act 1992 is based primarily on the need to protect badgers from baiting and deliberate harm or injury, badgers are not protected for conservation reasons. The following are criminal offences:
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To intentionally or recklessly interfere with a sett. Sett interference i ncludes disturbing badgers whilst they are occupying a sett, as well as damaging or destroying a sett or obstructing access to it.
To wilfully kill, injure, take, possess or cruelly ill-treat a badger, or to attempt to do so.
6.22 A badger sett is defined in the legislation as ‘any structure or place that displays signs indicating current use by a badger’.
The Hedgerow Regulations 1997
6.23 The Hedgerow Regulations make provision for the identification of important hedgerows which may not be removed without permission from the Local Planning Authority.
Other Relevant Guidance
UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework
6.24 The UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), published in 1994, was the UK Government’s response to signing the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. The new UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework replaces the previous UK level BAP. The UK Post - 2010 Biodiversity Framework covers the period 2011 – 2020 and forms the UK Government’s response to the new strategic plan of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), published in 2010 at the CBD meeting in Nagoya, Japan. This includes five internationally agreed strategic goals and supporting targets to be achieved by 2020. The five strategic goals agreed were:
Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society;
Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use;
To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and gene tic diversity;
Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services; and,
Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building.
6.25 The Framework recognises that most work which was previously carrie d out under the UK BAP is now focused on the four individual countries of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland,
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and delivered through the countries’ own strategies. Following the publication of the new Framework the UK BAP partnership no longer operates but many of the tools and resources originally developed under the UK BAP still remain of use and form the basis of much biodiversity work at country level. In England the focus is on delivering the outcomes set out in the Government’s ‘Biodiversity 2020: a Strategy for England’s Wildlife and Ecosystem Services’ (DEFRA, 20115). This sets out how the quality of our environment on land and at sea will be improved over the next ten years and follows on from policies contained in the Natural Environment White Paper.
Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plan
6.26 The area of Staffordshire has been categorised into 14 Ecosystem Action Plans and one Rivers Action Plan, the aim being to give a comprehensive cover of all the land area of the sub -region. The Site falls into the ‘River Gravels’ Ecosystem Action Plan.
6.27 Within the 15 Ecosystem and River Action Plans, the area of Staffordshire has been categorised into three broad habitat types: woodland; farmland, grassland and heathland; and wetland. These broad habitats have been sub-divided into 15 action plans, and actions plans for 28 species or species groups. These are summarised in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1: Summary of Staffordshire BAP Habitat and Species Action Plans Staffs BAP Habitat Action Plans Staffs BAP Species Action Plans
Ancient / diverse hedgerows Atlantic salmon Arable field margins Barn owl Inland saltmarsh Bog bush-cricket Lowland acid grassland Brown hare Lowland calcareous grassland Dyer’s greenweed Lowland heathland Farmland seed-eating birds Lowland wet grassland Floating water-plantain Lowland wood-pasture and parkland Grass snake Mosses Grass wrack pondweed Native woodland Great crested newt Ponds, lakes and canals Grey partridge Reedbeds Ground nesting solitary bees and wasps Rivers and streams Hybrid bilberry Unimproved neutral grassland Lapwing Wet woodland Native black poplar Natterjack toad Nightjar Noctule bat Otter Pink meadow cap Pipistrelle bat Skylark Small pearl-bordered fritillary Snipe Water vole White-clawed crayfish White-faced darter Woodlark
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British Standard 42020:2013 “Biodiversity, Code of Practice for Planning and Development”
6.28 The British Standard for Biodiversity provides guidance for ensuring that sufficient and appropriate ecological information is used to inform decision making at all levels in the planning process. The standard is aimed at all professionals working in the planning and development sector who will encounter biodiversity issues during the planning design and development process. The standard includes advice and information on:
Adhering to codes of ethics or conduct when taking decisions or undertaking actions that affect biodiversity.
Adopting a professional and consistent approach gathering, analysing, presenting and reviewing ecological information at different stages of the planning system and evaluating the ecological implications of associated activities as part of a consultation or regulatory process.
The Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM) ‘Guidelines for Ecological Impact in the United Kingdom’
6.29 The Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the UK (IEEM, 20066) sets out good practice guidance for preparing and implementing an Ecological Impact Assessment (EcIA) as part of a formal Environmental Impact Assessment or other forms of ecological assessment or appraisal. The guidance is principally aimed at ecologists involved in EcIA at all stages of the decision making and planning process. The guidance defines EcIA and provides criteria and detailed recommendations in order to ensure that EcIA provides clear and concise information about the likely significant ecological effects associated with a project.
Assessment Methodology
6.30 The chapter outlines the methodologies used to establish the ecological baseline for the Site, and to assess the significance of predicted effects on ecological receptors. The EcIA comprises the following stages:
Consultation with relevant stakeholders to agree the scope of the survey works and to determine any mitigation that may be required as part of the proposals;
Determination of the ecological baseline including a desk study, an Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey and, where relevant, further surveys for legally protected species and Species of Principal Importance in England;
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Evaluation of the ecological receptors within the Site in terms of their nature conservation value;
An assessment of the effects of construction and operation of the Development on the Site’s existing ecological features;
A review of the mitigation and assessment of residual effects; and,
A cumulative assessment with other committed developments in the surrounding area.
6.31 Further information regarding the assessment methodology for each phase of the EcIA is provided below.
Consultation
6.32 Consultation was carried out with statutory and non-statutory consultees with respect to the scope of the survey work, the likely opportunities and constraints associated with the Development, and the assessment methodologies utilised. As part of the consultation process the following organisations were contacted:
Natural England;
Staffordshire County Council (SCC) ecologist;
East Staffordshire Borough Council (ESBC); and
Staffordshire Wildlife Trust.
6.33 Consultation responses are summarised below.
Natural England
6.34 A written consultation request was submitted to Natural England on 18th November 2015. A response received on 25th November 2015 stated that the proposal is unlikely to be eligible for consideration under Natural England’s Discretionary Advice Service (DAS), and that it does not appear that there will be any impact on statutory nature conservation sites.
Staffordshire County Council
6.35 A written consultation request was submitted to the SCC ecologist on 18th November 2015. A meeting was subsequently held on 16 th December 2015 between Ali Glaisher (Principal Ecologist, SCC), Julia Banbury (Principal Landscape Officer, SCC), Chris Nightingale (Entrust) and Mark Allman (Seddon Construction Ltd). The aim of the meeting was to discuss the
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ecological and landscape aspects of the Development, in particular the scope of survey work undertaken and the landscaping proposals. The following key points were raised:
SCC are happy with the scope and quality of baseline survey work undertaken, however as a precaution it was recommended that waterbodies found to be dry during the Great Crested Newt Habitat Suitability Index Assessment (RT-MME-112302-05) should be revisited during periods of wet weather.
SCC accepts why a Breeding Bird Survey has not been undertaken, but has requested that justification for not undertaking the survey be included within the information submitted.
The ES should include information regarding the potential to translocate elements of hedgerow to be removed, in addition to a gapping-up strategy for retained hedgerows on site.
6.35a An Interim Response was received from Ali Glaisher, Principal Ecologist, SCC which requested further clarification of the impacts on hedgerows at the interaction between the school development and the highways improvement works associated with the Branston Locks scheme (Planning Consent P/2012/01467). A single coordinated tree and hedgerow removal and protection plan was requested.
6.35b An updated version of the ‘Preliminary Ecological Appraisal: Branston Locks School Access and Car Park’ report by Amey was requested to deal with inaccuracies and inconsistencies within the original report.
East Staffordshire Borough Council
6.36 ESBC were contacted on 20th November 2015 to determine whether they have an in -house ecologist, and who would provide pre-application advice and comment on the ecological aspects of planning applications. ESBC confirmed that Staffordshire Wildlife Trust are contracted to support the planning team, therefore no further consultation was undertaken with this stakeholder.
Staffordshire Wildlife Trust
6.37 A written consultation request was submitted to Staffordshire Wildlife Trust on 18th November 2015, and further information regarding Site proposals was provided on 17 th December 2015. At the time of writing no feedback has been received.
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Baseline Data Collection
6.38 This assessment is informed by a suite of baseline survey work undertaken by Apex Ecology Ltd between July and November 2015 for the western field, and by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd in November and December 2015 for both the eastern and western fields. The chapter also draws upon ecological information collected by Amey associated with highway and access improvement works associated with the proposed school, which includes land within and outside of the red line boundary of the Development. Baseline assessments completed to date comprise:
6.39 Middlemarch Environmental Ltd:
Preliminary Ecological Assessment including Desk Study (RT-MME-121302-01);
Hedgerow Survey (RT-MME-121302-02);
Daytime Bat Survey of Trees (RT-MME-121302-03);
Badger Survey (RT-MME-121302-04);
Great Crested Newt Habitat Suitability Index Assessment (RT-MME-121302-05); and,
Winter Bird Survey (RT-MME-121302-06-Interim).
6.40 Apex Ecology Ltd:
Preliminary Ecological Appraisal including Desk Study, Hedgerow Survey, Bat Activit y and Ground Inspection of Trees for Bat Roosting Features (Report HB/151118).
6.41 Amey Plc:
Preliminary Ecological Appraisal including Desk Study, Daytime Inspection of Trees for Bat Roosts and Badger Scoping Assessment (COSTCDX86201/ ECO1 Revision 4 52206217/ ECO1 Revision 0).
6.42 These studies have been used to define the ecological baseline for the Site, against which potential ecological effects are assessed. Methodologies for each of the survey elements are described below, and full survey reports are provided in Appendix 6.3.
Desk Study (Middlemarch Environmental Ltd)
6.43 A desk study was undertaken by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd to determine the presence of any designated nature conservation sites and protected or notable species in the area. The desk study included a search for European statutory nature conservation sit es within a 5 km
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radius of the Site (extended to 10 km for any statutory site designated for bats), UK statutory sites within a 2 km radius and non-statutory sites and protected/notable species records within a 2 km radius. This involved contacting appropriate statutory and non-statutory organisations which hold ecological data relating to the survey area. Middlemarch Environmental Ltd then assimilated and reviewed the desk study data provided by these organisations.
6.44 The consultees for the desk studies were:
Natural England - Multi-Agency Geographical Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) website;
Staffordshire Ecological Record; and
Derbyshire Biological Records Centre.
6.45 Desk study exercises were also completed by Apex Ecology Ltd and Amey to inform thei r respective work, and followed the same methodology as described above.
Preliminary Ecological Assessment (Middlemarch Environmental Ltd)
6.46 A Preliminary Ecological Assessment was conducted on 17th November 2015 following the Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey methodology of the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC, 20107) and the Institute of Environmental Assessment (IEA, 1995 8). Phase 1 Habitat Survey is a standard technique for classifying and mapping British habitats. The method provides information on habitats present within the Site and assesses the potential for legally protected and notable species to occur in and adjacent to the Site. Plant names follow New Flora of the British Isles (Stace, 2010 9) and are quoted as common names within the text of this ecology chapter. All fauna are also quoted as common names within the text of this ecology chapter. The reader is referred to the reports in Appendix 6.3 for scientific names.
6.47 Phase 1 Habitat Survey also formed part of the Preliminary Ecological Appraisals undertaken by Apex Ecology Ltd and Amey for their respective survey areas, and followed the best practice guidance described above.
Hedgerow Survey (Middlemarch Environmental Ltd)
6.48 The hedgerow survey undertaken at the Site by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd included two elements: a Hedgerow Regulations (1997) Assessment, and an assessment using the Hedgerow Evaluation and Grading System. Apex Ecology Ltd also completed a Hedgerow Regulations (1997) Assessment for the western field.
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Hedgerow Regulations (1997) Assessment
6.49 All hedgerows within the Site were assessed for their significance against the “criteria for determining ‘important’ hedgerows” as detailed in The Hedgerows Regulations 1997 10.
6.50 The Regulations include various criteria upon which a hedgerow may be classed as ‘important’ with respect to wildlife and landscape or archaeology and history. For the purposes of this report, hedgerows are classed as ‘important’ only on the basis of their age, wi ldlife and landscape value in accordance with the criteria of Schedule 1 of The Hedgerow Regulations.
6.51 Since records of scheduled protected species or Red Data Book species are only speculative (species are not always apparent at any particular site for reason of seasonality or movement), the importance of hedgerows within the Site have primarily been determined by the number of woody species present and various topographical features. However, the desk study and field records of species are taken into consideration.
Hedgerow Evaluation and Grading System (HEGS)
6.52 All hedgerows within the Site were also assessed against the Hedgerow Evaluation and Grading System (HEGS) using the methodology described by Clements and Tofts (1992 11). The aim of the assessment was to grade all individual hedgerows within the Site in order to identify those that are likely to be of greatest significance for Wildlife.
6.53 Data was collected along the length of each hedgerow and was assigned a score based on attributes including structure, connectivity, diversity and additional features. Scores for each hedgerow were then used to assign one of the following grades:
Grade 1: High to very high value
Grade 2: Moderately high to high value
Grade 3: Moderate value
Grade 4: Low value
6.54 In addition, the suffixes + and – are used to create a continuum to the grading system. Where ‘notable’ species are found, as defined by HEGS, a prefix of ‘NS’ is also recorded. Grading was assigned according to the flow chart in Part 2 of Clements and Tofts (199 2). In accordance with HEGS, Hedgerows scoring a Grade 2- or above were considered as being of Conservation Priority.
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Daytime Bat Survey of Trees (Middlemarch Environmental Ltd)
6.55 In line with the specifications detailed in Bat Mitigation Guidelines (English Nature, 200412) and Bat Surveys: Good Practice Guidelines (Hundt, 2012 13), a daytime survey of the trees was conducted. A visual assessment of the trees was undertaken to determine the potential roosting value of the Site, together with a general appraisal of the suitability of the Site for foraging and commuting. Suitable roosting areas and accessible features which could allow bat access into potential roosting areas were inspected using a torch and endoscope for evidence of possible bat presence. For reasons of health and safety, the survey was only undertaken in areas accessible from 3.5 m ladders.
6.56 Daytime surveys of trees to assess for bat roost potential were also completed by Apex Ecology Ltd and Amey for their respective survey areas.
Badger Survey (Middlemarch Environmental Ltd)
6.57 The survey area was subject to a comprehensive walkover assessment for the presence of badger field signs. Such signs include badger setts, footprints, pathways, hairs, snuffle holes and latrine sites. Where possible, the survey included a 30 m radius around the Site.
6.58 The survey work completed by Amey also included a scoping survey for badgers, which followed the methodology described above.
Great Crested Newt Habitat Suitability Index Assessment (Middlemarch Environmental Ltd)
6.59 Mapped data was used to determine all potentially suitable waterbodies within 500m of the Site. Accessible ponds were visually assessed for their suitability to support great crested newts by a suitably qualified ecologist. Ponds were assessed utilising the modified great crested newt Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) (Oldham et al, 2000 14). The HSI is a numerical index between 0 and 1, wherein a score of 1 represents optimal habitat for great crested newts. The HSI score is used to define the suitability of the pond on a categorical scale. It should b e noted, however, that the system is not precise enough to allow the conclusion that a pond with a high score will definitely support great crested newts whilst those with a low score will not.
6.60 An assessment was also made of the habitat connectivity between waterbodies and the Site, based on a review of habitat survey data and mapped sources.
Winter Bird Survey (Middlemarch Environmental Ltd)
6.61 The Site was surveyed by an experienced field ornithologist, with the objective of identifying how the Site is used by overwintering and migratory bird species, and to identify any notable species of habitat areas present on Site. Particular attention was paid to the presence of birds
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of conservation concern (species that are listed as either Red or Amber by the Royal S ociety for the Protection of Birds) and those species listed as Priority Species on the UK and Lo cal Biodiversity Action Plans.
6.62 The survey comprised a walkover in line with the method described by Hilden (1986, 1987), highlighted in ‘Bird Census Techniques’ (Bibby et al, 199215). The surveyor followed a defined route, taking in all the major habitats on site and maintaining a slow, steady pace. The observer logged all birds and their activities both visually and by call. Care was taken not to log the same birds twice, although some duplication is inevitable due to the dynamic nature of bird species. In addition, some point counts were undertaken at dusk in order to establish important roosting sites. These point counts were usually carried out in the vicinit y of habitats that are known to be valuable as roosting areas i.e. patches of dense scrub and hedgerows. Survey visits generally lasted between three and four hours.
6.63 At the time of writing the winter bird survey is currently in progress, and the conclusion s made in this chapter are based on survey data collected to date. Winter bird surveys were completed in November and December 2015 and January and February 2016.
Bat Activity Survey (Apex Ecology Ltd)
6.64 Apex Ecology Ltd completed three bat activity survey visits at the Site in September and October 2015. The survey comprised a walked transect, designed to focus on habitat features considered likely to be of value to foraging and commuting bats (e.g. boundary hedgerows and woodland edges). The aim of the survey was to give a profile of bat activity across the Site, and to enable hotspots of activity to be identified.
6.65 The survey was undertaken using electronic bat detectors (Batbox Duet and Anabat SD1), and recordings were subject to computer analysis to identify species of bat recorded on Site.
Ecological Impact Assessment Methodology and Significance Criteria
6.66 The impact assessment approach used in this chapter has been based on a widely used and accepted ‘significance matrix assessment approach’ which determines the significance of a predicted effect as a production of the value and sensitivity of an ecological receptor and the characteristics (magnitude and extent) of the impact predicted.
6.67 The ecological features were evaluated in terms of their nature conservation value using the criteria set out in The Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM) ‘Guidelines for Ecological Impact in the United Kingdom’ (IEEM, 2006). The CIEEM guidelines recognise value as a key criteria for assessing ecological features. The value of a species or habitat incorporates an element of sensitivity but considers it in combination with other factors
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such as designation, rarity and diversity. The guidelines state that tabulated boundaries between different habitats and species become difficult to define with precision due to the range of factors influencing the definition of value e.g. habitat quality, geographic location, size of populations etc. Thus the guidelines suggest an approach involving profess ional judgement based on available guidance, information and expert advice.
6.68 For the purpose of this assessment value (or sensitivity) is determined using a geographical scale, wherein high value receptors are those of International or National (England) value. Moderate value receptors are those of Regional (West Midlands) or County (Staffordshire) value, and low value receptors are those of Borough (East Staffordshire) or Local (Burton upon Trent and District) value. This system for evaluating ecological receptors is in accordance with the CIEEM guidelines, and value was determined from the baseline survey data collected. Table 6.2 provides examples of how the ecological value of a receptor is determined.
Table 6.2: Methodology for Assessing Value and Sensitivity of Ecological Receptors
Value / Examples Sensitivity
The receptor/resource has little ability to absorb change without fundamentally altering its present character, or is of international or national importance.
International High importance and rarity on an international scale and limited potential for substitution. e.g. Special Areas of Conservation, Special Protection Areas, Ramsar Sites, High: or an area which meets the published selection criteria for such designation. A regularly International occurring, nationally significant population or number of any internationally important / National species. National High importance, quality and rarity on a national or regional scale, with limited potential for substitution. e.g. Sites of Special Scientific Interest, National Nature Reserves and sites which meets the published selection criteria for national designation. A regularly occurring, regionally or county significant population or number of any nationally important species. The receptor/resource has moderate capacity to absorb change without significantly altering its present character, or is of high importance.
Regional High importance, quality or rarity on a county scale, or medium quality or rarity on a regional scale, with limited potential for substitution e.g large-scale County Wildlife Sites Moderate: or other sites that exceed the county-level designations but fall short of SSSI selection Regional / criteria, or areas of regionally rare or valuable habitat. A regularly occurring, locally County significant number of a regionally important species during a critical phase of its life cycle. County Medium importance, quality and rarity on a county scale and (limited) potential for substitution. e.g. Local Nature Reserves, County Wildlife Sites and features such as diverse and/or ecologically valuable hedgerow networks, high quality woodlands and high quality ponds. A regularly occurring, locally significant number of a county important species during a critical phase of its life cycle.
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The receptor/resource is tolerant of change without detriment to its character, is of low or local importance.
Borough Medium to high importance, quality and rarity on a local scale, with (limited) potential for substitution e.g. semi-natural vegetation that due to its size, quality or the wide Low: distribution of such habitats within the local area are not considered for the above Borough / classifications, medium-sized areas of habitat that could be re-created, such as Local wildflower meadows, medium to low quality ponds, and low quality woodlands. A regularly occurring, locally significant number of a borough important species during a critical phase of its life cycle. Local Low or very low importance, quality and rarity on a local scale with potential for substitution. e.g. low quality grasslands and intensive agricultural land. Any regularly occurring population of a locally common species.
None Areas of no ecological value e.g. hardstanding, areas of built development not supporting assemblages of species.
6.69 The CIEEM guidelines identify that the ‘Zone of Influence’ with respect to ecology does not simply relate to the red line boundary of an application area. Activities and effects that occur outside of the application boundary can still have a negative or positive impact as a result of the construction, operation and potentially decommissioning of a project. The Zone of Influence will include both direct and indirect effects on ecological receptors both within and adjacent to the Site, and potentially associated with other areas that could be effected e.g. through transportation or excavation.
6.70 Where potential impacts on ecological receptors are predicted, the magnitude (scale of impact) was determined by considering the predicted deviation from baseline conditions. Impacts of the Development have been assessed with reference to the baseline conditions and stated criteria. The rationale for determining the magnitude of an impact is presented in Table 6.3.
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Table 6.3: Methodology for Assessing Magnitude of Ecological Impacts
Impact Impact Character Magnitude
Negative A permanent or long-term effect on the distribution and/or abundance of a habitat, species assemblage/community or population. May result in severe damage to key characteristics, resulting in implications for the integrity of the receptor or its conservation status. Major Positive A permanent or long-term effect on the distribution and/or abundance of a habitat, species assemblage/community or population, resulting in an improvement to the conservation status of the receptor. Includes large scale or major improvement of receptor quality, extensive restoration or enhancement.
Negative A permanent or long-term effect on the distribution and/or abundance of a habitat, species assemblage/community or population. May result in partial loss of / damage to key Moderate characteristics, but not affect the integrity of the receptor or its conservation status.
Positive
A permanent or long-term effect on the distribution and/or abundance of a habitat, species assemblage/community or population, not altering the conservation status of the receptor, but improving the receptor quality.
Negative A short-term reversible effect on the distribution and/or abundance of a habitat, species assemblage/community or population. Some changes in attributes, quality or vulnerability may be measurable but within normal fluctuations observed within the ecology of the Minor receptor. Positive A short-term reversible effect on the distribution and/or abundance of a habitat, species assemblage/community or population. Some beneficial changes in quality or reduced risk of vulnerability, but within normal fluctuations observed within the ecology of the receptor.
No effect or a short-term reversible effect on the distribution and/or abundance of a Negligible habitat, species assemblage/community or population. Likely to be very minor changes to
receptor attribute but unlikely to be detectable by monitoring.
6.71 Table 6.4 shows how the interaction of the value of a receptor and the magnitude of a predicted impact is used to determine the significance of an ecological effect. If the scale of the impact magnitude is negative then the resulting effect is adverse. If the scale of the impact magnitude is positive then the resulting effect is beneficial.
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Table 6.4: Ecology Significance Matrix
Value of Receptor
Magnitude High Moderate Low Negligible of Impact (International (Regional / (Borough / (None) / National) County) Local)
Major Major Major - Moderate Moderate - Minor Negligible
Moderate Major - Moderate Moderate - Minor Minor Negligible
Minor Moderate - Minor Minor Minor - Negligible Negligible
Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible
6.72 Potential effects which are considered to be major or moderate are deemed to be significant for the purposes of this ES. Effects concluded to be of minor or negligible are not considered to be significant, and should therefore be considered as part of the planning balance for the application.
6.73 It is also of value to attribute a level of confidence by which the predicted impact has been assessed. The CIEEM Guidelines recommend that it is important to consider the likelihood that a change / activity will occur and also the degree of confidence in the assessment of the impact on ecological structure and function. CIEEM state that a useful four -point scale for assessing this is:
Certain / Near-Certain: probability estimated at 95% chance or higher;
Probable: probability estimated above 50% but below 95%;
Unlikely: probability estimated above 5% but less than 50%; and,
Extremely Unlikely: probability estimated at less than 5%.
Limitations and Assumptions
6.74 The ecological surveys have not tried to produce a comprehensive list of flora and fauna for the Site as any ecological surveys will be limited by factors which affect their presence. These factors include: weather; time of year; migration patterns; and, behaviour.
6.75 Due to the date of instruction of the various survey elements that underpin this assessment, much of the baseline data was collected during the latter perio d of the survey season (please refer to the individual survey reports included in Appendix 6.3). This influenced the survey
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data that could be collected, therefore a precautionary approach has been adopted when completing this assessment.
6.76 It was not possible to complete a full Breeding Bird Survey as the survey work was undertaken outside of the key breeding season. However, Apex Ecology visited the Site in July 2015 when many breeding bird species were still evident. The findings of this visit, combined wi th a review of desk study and habitat data, have enabled a robust assessment of the likely value of the Site to breeding birds to have been made.
6.77 Bat Activity Surveys could only be completed in September and October 2015, which means that no spring or maternity season data was collected. This did not, however, prevent a robust assessment of the areas of the Site likely to be of greatest value to bats based on desk study and habitat data, and the survey data collected to date.
Baseline Conditions
Desk Study Results
Nature Conservation Sites
6.78 The desk study exercise undertaken as part of the Preliminary Ecological Assessment identified that no European statutory nature conservation sites occur within a 5 km radius of the Site. One UK statutory nature conservation site and 16 non-statutory nature conservation sites occur within a 2 km radius, in addition to three ancient woodland sites. These are summarised in Table 6.5.
6.79 The locations of statutory nature conservation sites and ancient woodlands in relat ion to the study area are shown on Drawing C121262-ES-01 in Appendix 6.2. A plan provided by Staffordshire Ecological Record showing the distribution of non-statutory nature conservation sites is also provided in Appendix 6.2.
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Table 6.5: Summary of Nature Conservation Sites in Proximity to Site
Site Name Designation* Proximity to Description Site European Statutory Sites
No sites within 5 km
UK Statutory Sites
A lake surrounded by woodland, wetland Branston Water 550 m and wildflower meadow. The site is a LNR Park southeast former gravel pit in the River Trent valley.
Non-statutory Sites
Verges on both sides range from 0-2 m wide. An intact hawthorn hedge bounds both sides of the road along the entire Within/adjacent Branston Road BAS length, apart from an area of iron to Site fencing which is present for 200m at the bend. Within the hedgerow are occasional ash and oak trees.
Remnant pockets of woodland with a rich Adjacent to range of canopy and ground flora Battlestead Hill and LWS Site to north species, species-rich semi-improved the Rough and northwest grassland and a small area of unimproved grassland.
Verges supporting narrow stretches of broadleaved woodland with several ancient woodland indicator species. The Tatenhill Lane LWS 400 m west woodland is flanked either side by hawthorn hedgerows with species-rich semi-improved grassland.
A large lake which has formed in the pits with no marginal vegetation as of yet. An Branston Gravel area of recently colonised grassland as LWS 600 m south Pits well as ditches which support mainly rush species. Potentially an important site for birds in the future.
Unimproved neutral grassland, deciduous woodland, running water and areas of dense scrub in a wide valley bottom. Wet 640 m north Pool Green LWS woodland species are present near the west stream and in drier parts there are several ancient woodland indicator species.
A steeply sloping stream valley the sides Rockets Oak LWS 980 m west of which are occupied by stands of conifers, mature broad-leaved woodland and recently planted broad leaved
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Site Name Designation* Proximity to Description Site woodland with patches of ancient woodland indicators in the ground flora.
Verges mainly consisting of semi- improved grassland, species poor A38 Dual 1060 m south BAS hedgerows, occasional scattered trees Carriageway east and scrub and occasional wet and dry ditches.
A section of broadleaved woodland, unimproved neutral grassland and intact 1140 m north species-rich hedgerows along a lane. The Callingwood Lane LWS west grassland is species-rich and there is also a rich range of woodland ground flora species.
1300 m south The site of a dried up pond and a small The Lady Pond BAS west amount of mixed plantation.
Four sections of wood-pasture, a heavily landscaped and manicured area of parkland, and 3 areas of grazing land. Dunstall Hall Park BAS 1330 m west There is a scattering of trees throughout, predominantly oaks, sycamore and small- leaved lime and 3 veteran oaks at the south-west edge.
Hawthorn dominated hedgerows with occasional occurrences of other standard Dunstall Hill (road 1320 m south BAS species. The associated road verge verge) west supports rank grassland with a few woodland herbs.
An area of scrub and rough grassland Riverside Hotel 1460 m south BAS with streams, marginal vegetation and Grounds, Branston east remnants of a reed bed.
A maturing mix of deciduous tree species Bean's Covert BAS 1520 m east with a relatively sparse ground flora.
A wetland complex of disused gravel pits Drakelow DWT 1530 m south DWT and riverside meadow located within the Reserve east floodplain of the River Trent.
A former gravel quarry currently Tucklesholme SWT 2000 m south managed by Staffordshire Wildlife Trust.
A towpath with swamp marginal 2000 m north vegetation. The grassland along the Branston Lock BAS east towpath is species-poor and rank and is bordered by a hawthorn hedgerow.
Ancient Woodland Sites
Battlestead Hill - 50 m north -
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Site Name Designation* Proximity to Description Site 1940 m north Knightley Park - - west
Rockets Oak - 970 m west -
*Key: LNR: Local Nature Reserve LWS: Local Wildlife Site BAS: Biodiversity Alert Site - a Site of Local Importance for Nature Conservation (SLINC) or other areas of interest for wildlife where there may be potential to improve the habitat to a Site of Biological Importance (SBI) with appropriate management SWT: Staffordshire Wildlife Trust Nature Reserve DWT: Derbyshire Wildlife Trust Nature Reserve
Protected and Notable Species
6.80 The desk study exercise also included a review of records of protected and notable species (including UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework / Section 41 Species of Principal Importance / Local Biodiversity Action Plan species) within a 2 km radius of the Site, based on data provided by Staffordshire Ecological Record. Full desk study data is provided in the Preliminary Ecological Assessment (Report RT-MME-121302-01) in Appendix 6.3, and records are summarised within the relevant baseline sections for each species below.
Invasive Species
6.81 The desk study data provided included no records of non-native invasive species.
Field Survey Results
Preliminary Ecological Assessment
6.82 As part of the Preliminary Ecological Assessment, a Phase 1 Habitat Survey of the Site was undertaken by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd on 17th November 2015. Habitats recorded on Site are described below, and habitat distribution is shown on Drawing C121262 -ES-02 in Appendix 6.2. Where relevant, habitat description data is also adapted from surveys undertaken by Apex Ecology Ltd on 16 th July 2015, which covered the western field, and by Amey in October 2015 which focused on the proposed highway and access improvement areas.
Arable
6.83 The Site was dominated by two arable fields, located either side of Branston Road.
6.84 The westernmost field covered an area of c. 10 ha, and had recently been harvested at the time of the survey. Remnants of a root or oilseed rape crop were evident in November 2015
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(confirmed by Apex Ecology Ltd who visited the Site in July 2015), interspersed with a range of common weed species including groundsel, thistles, speedwell, docks, white dead-nettle, sow-thistle and black grass.
6.85 The eastern field was small, covering an area of c. 2 hectares. This field had recently been sown with a winter cereal crop at the time of the field survey, with vegetation only just evident.
Broadleaved Plantation Woodland
6.86 Adjacent to the northern corner of the westernmost parcel of arable land was a strip of fairly young plantation woodland located on a steep south-east facing slope, which extended off site to the northwest. Trees were generally young, and were planted in closely spaced rows giving a canopy height that ranged between 2 m and 8 m. Dominant species were English oak, birch and cherry. In places, most noticeably adjacent to the north-western extent of the western field, were areas of shrub species typified by guelder rose, hazel and sallow with some young ash, sweet chestnut and holly also recorded. This area graded into an area of tussocky grassland further up the slope, with scattered ant hills evident.
6.87 The close canopy resulted in a largely absent understorey, although in some places occasional guelder rose, hazel and elder were noted and frequent patches of bramble were present. The field layer possessed a large amount of leaf litter at the time of the field survey but a g round layer was present consisting of cocksfoot, bent grass, meadow grass, patches of nettle, common umbellifers, occasional herb bennet, male fern and occasional small patches of bluebell. Brash was frequently scattered across the woodland floor.
Hedgerows
6.88 The network of boundary hedgerow features on Site were subject to a specific Hedgerow Survey, undertaken concurrently with the Preliminary Ecological Assessment. A description of the Hedgerows and the results of the Hedgerow Survey are presented below. For ease of interpretation hedgerows on Site have been numbered, and are shown on Drawing C121262- ES-02 in Appendix 6.2. It should be noted that hedgerow number is based on the survey work undertaken by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd, and differs from that used by Apex Ecology Ltd in their appended report.
Eastern Field:
6.89 H1 - abundant blackthorn with hawthorn, elder, field maple and a two mature oak trees. Regularly clipped into a box shape to 1.2 m in height and width. Some gaps were evident, and a section on the road bend was devoid of hedge but had old estate railings covered by bramble cleavers and coarse grasses. Hedgerow H1 appears to form part of the Branston Road BAS.
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6.90 H2 – hawthorn, blackthorn and elder with one very large oak covered in dense ivy (spl it leader). A small amount of young sycamore was also noted. Some sections of hedge in the north- eastern corner were missing at the road bend where estate railings were present. The hedgerow was box clipped to 1.3 m in height and width with evidence of a l oss of basal structure. A road verge of up to 2 m in width ran adjacent to the hedge, vegetated by a mixture of coarse grasses and tall ruderals, with dominant species being nettle, cleavers, white dead - nettle, cow parsley, garlic mustard, ivy and hogweed. Hedgerow H2 appears to form part of the Branston Road BAS.
6.91 H3 - hawthorn, blackthorn and elder hedgerow box clipped to 1.3 m in height and width, with evidence of losing basal structure. Occasional gaps were present. A small shallow dry ditch feature was present beneath the hedge, and adjacent to the north was a 2 m wide verge vegetated by perennial rye grass, couch, cleavers, nettle, white deadnettle, garlic mustard and ivy. Scattered rabbit burrows were present.
Western Field:
6.92 H4 – roadside hedge with a dry ditch feature at north-eastern end and a variable width verge up to 2 m wide in places. The hedgerow comprised field maple (abundant), blackthorn (abundant), hawthorn and low clipped ash (rare), extended to 1.3 m in height and width and was flat topped. A large quantity of suckering blackthorn was encroaching into the field on the northern side of the hedge, although this appeared to be regularly cut back to ground level. This hedgerow was generally intact with few gaps, although a short section of wo oden post and rail fencing was evident. The hedge bottom and adjacent verge were vegetated with nettle, cleavers, white dead-nettle, cow parsley, garlic mustard and a small amount of dog’s mercury. Hedgerow H4 appears to form part of the Branston Road BAS. Additional hedgerow species recorded by Apex Ecology in July 2015 include dogwood and black bryony, with the adjacent field margin comprising a range of common grass and arable weed species.
6.93 H5 – hedge located adjacent to access track/green lane feature. This boundary comprised blackthorn, elder, hawthorn and plum, and appears to be less frequently managed than other boundary features on site. This hedgerow was tall and straggly in appearance, extending to 4 - 5 m in height in places. The base of the hedgerow had a rather poor structure with frequent gaps, and was not stock proof. Scattered rabbit netting was noted at the base of the hedgerow. The hedge bottom flora comprised nettle, white dead-nettle and cleavers.
6.94 H6 – north-western boundary feature, located between the arable land and the adjacent plantation woodland, comprised two lengths of wooden post and stock-netting/barb wire/rabbit netting fencing on either side of ditch feature approximately 2 -3 m in width. The ditch was dry, and appeared to have been dominated by dense bramble that had recently been cleared
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at the time of the survey. The majority of this boundary feature is not considered to be a hedgerow in its current condition, however at the southwestern end the boundary is more characteristic of a hedgerow, featuring hawthorn to 5 m in height over frequent bramble and a hedge bottom flora of nettle and herb bennet. Scattered hawthorn bushes were also observed at the northern end of this boundary adjacent to the fence line. Evidence of rabbit was widespread, and mammal pathways intersected this boundary. During the July 2015 survey, Apex Ecology Ltd recorded species including wood dock, hedge woundwort, hairy St. John’s wort, smooth tare and dog’s mercury.
6.95 H7 – boundary comprising wooden post and barbed wire fencing with scattered trees and bushes forming a loose hedgerow feature. Woody species recorded include blackthorn, elm, field maple (mature specimens to 8 m), hawthorn and oak (mature trees), effectively forming a band of linear scrub. Rabbit netting was evident, and the hedge bottom flora was dominated by nettle and white dead-nettle, although occasional dog’s mercury was evident. Towards the south-eastern end of the boundary was a decorative brick wall feature to 1. 8 m in height with a strip of cleavers/nettle to 2 m wide on the field side. From the end of the wall south -east to the road junction was as short section of rather poor hawthorn hedge to 2 m in height.
Poor semi-improved grassland
6.96 In places, stretches of poor semi-improved grassland road verge were present adjacent to the boundary hedgerows along Branston Road. These generally comprised a mosaic of coarse grasses and ruderals, including cock’s-foot, false oat grass, nettle and docks.
Hedgerow Survey
6.97 The Hedgerow Survey completed by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd in November 2015 (Report RT-MME-121262-02 in Appendix 6.3) identified that none of the hedgerows on Site meet the criteria for classification as ‘important’ hedgerows under the Hedgerow Regulations (1997). The baseline work completed by Apex Ecology Ltd also included a Hedgerow Regulations (1997) Assessment for hedgerow H4 only (referred to as H1 in the Apex Ecology report). Apex Ecology Ltd also concluded that this hedgerow did not qualify as ‘important’.
6.98 The findings of the HEGS assessment are summarised in Table 6.6.
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Table 6.6: Summary of Findings of HEGS Assessment
Attribute Score Part of Hedgerow Total Grading Branston Associated Number Structural Connectivity Diversity Score Value Road Features BAS? H1 9 4 4 0 3 Moderate Yes H2 6 5 4 5 4+ Low Yes H3 6 6 4 2 4+ Low No H4 8 7 4 4 2- Moderate/High Yes H5 8 7 4 0 2- Moderate/High No H6 8 4 3 6 3+ Moderate No H7 12 5 4 0 3 Moderate No
6.99 In accordance with the HEGS criteria, hedgerows H4 and H5 are considered to be a conservation priority. Hedgerows H1, H2 and H4 all appear to form part of the Branston Road BAS based on information supplied by Staffordshire Ecological Record. As such, although H1 and H2 are not considered to be a conservation priority in accordance with the HEGS criteria, they are a notable consideration for the Development.
Badgers
6.100 The desk study information included 12 records of badger within a 2 km radius of the Site, the most recent of which dated from 2010. For animal welfare reasons the location of these records is confidential.
6.101 The Badger Survey undertaken by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd in November 2015 (Report RT-MME-121302-04 in Appendix 6.3) did not identify any evidence of badger setts either on Site, or within a 30 m buffer around the Site. No latrines or foraging signs were found, however a small number of mammal pathways were observed in the larger western field, including one which extended in the directly of the Battlestead Hill area to the no rthwest. This area provides extensive sett building habitat for badgers, therefore it is considered likely that ba dgers may pass through the Site.
6.102 The location of mammal pathways identified during the baseline survey work is shown on Drawing C121262-ES-03 in Appendix 6.2.
6.103 No active badger setts were recorded in the baseline work completed by Apex Ecology Ltd for their respective survey areas.
Bats
6.104 The desk study information included records of a minimum of five species of bat within a 2 km radius, of which the most recent record was from 2013. The closest record was of a common pipistrelle at a location 230 m to the west of the Site.
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6.105 The Daytime Bat Survey of Trees completed by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd in November 2015 (Report RT-MME-121302-03 in Appendix 6.3) incorporated the red line boundary and trees adjacent to the boundary, including the linear strip of woodland to the northeast of the western field, which forms part of the Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS. The survey identified six trees that were considered to offer potential features for roosting bats, and were classified as Category 1* or 1 in accordance with best practice guidance published by the Bat Conservation Trust (Hundt, 2012). These trees are highlighted on Drawing C121262-ES-03 in Appendix 6.2, and are described in Table 6.7.
Table 6.7: Summary of Trees with Bat Roost Potential
Tree BCT Species Description Location Reference Category Mature oak with small amount of Located within boundary deadwood high in crown. T1 Oak 1 hedgerow at eastern Moderate cover of ivy on main corner of eastern field. stem. Mature oak with split leader at c. Located within boundary 3.5 m. Fairly dense ivy cover on T2 Oak 1 hedgerow at western main stem and spreading onto corner of eastern field. upper limbs. Located within the Mature oak with abundant dense southern boundary T4 Oak 1 ivy cover. hedgerow of the eastern field. Within strip of woodland beyond the northeastern Mature oak with woodpecker hole edge of the western T9 Oak 1* on southwestern side of main field, which forms part of stem, at a height of c. 5 m. Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS. Within strip of woodland beyond the northeastern Mature oak with moderate to edge of the western T10 Oak 1 dense ivy cover. field, which forms part of Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS. Within strip of woodland beyond the northeastern Dead tree, possibly pine, with edge of the western T14 Unknown 1* woodpecker holes in the main field, which forms part of stem above 6 m in height. Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS.
6.106 All other trees on site were considered to have negligible potential to support roosting bats. Many of the trees surveyed, particularly those associated with the wooded slope adjacent to the northwestern boundary, were young and had not yet developed features that could be used by roosting bats.
6.107 Due to the time of year at which the baseline survey work was undertaken, no nocturnal emergence surveys or dawn re-entry surveys of trees were possible. As such, a precautionary approach is adopted in the remainder of this assessment when considering potential impacts
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on bat roosts. It is proposed that further surveys will be undertaken, to include tree climbing assessments where these are viable for reasons of health and safety. Further information regarding additional survey work is provided in the mitigation section below.
6.108 Apex Ecology Ltd carried out a Bat Activity Survey of the western field and associated boundaries, comprising three visits undertaken in September and October 2015. These surveys identified three species of bat using habitats within the Site, comprising common pipistrelle, soprano pipistrelle, and a single pass by a third species identified as being either a brown long- eared bat or a Myotis species. Overall activity levels were low, with the northwestern and northeastern boundaries of the western field identified as being the most heavily used features by foraging and commuting bats.
Birds
6.109 The desk study information included extensive bird records, of which the majority relate to wildfowl and wader species recorded from the chain of well -watched wetland sites in the local area (e.g. Branston Quarry, Newbold Quarry or Branston Water Park). Desk study species of relevance to the habitats within the Site included woodland specialists, such as bullfinch and song thrush, and declining farmland bird species such as linnet, skylark, yellowhammer, corn bunting and tree sparrow.
6.110 Middlemarch Environmental Ltd has completed is currently undertaking a Winter Bird Survey at the Site, and results collected to date are detailed in an interim report (Report RT-MME- 121302-06) in Appendix 6.3. The data collected to date indicates that the Site is used by low to moderate numbers of wintering species, typically species of woodland edge and farmland habitats. Notable wintering species include skylark, linnet, meadow pipit, grey partridge, lesser redpoll and bullfinch. With the exception of a single common snipe observed in January and February 2016 no evidence of use of the Site by notable wintering wildfowl or waders has been recorded during the survey visits undertaken to date, and it is considered likely that these species groups favour higher quality habitat areas such as those provided at Whitemoor Haye near Alrewas, approximately 8 km to the south of the Site. Apex Ecology Ltd.’s report for the western field includes an observation of lapwing roosting in the field on the 2nd September 2015, although this species has not been recorded to date by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd.
6.111 A full breeding bird survey has not been undertaken, however Apex Ecology carried out a visit to the western field on 16 th July 2015 during which linnet and yellowhammer were recorded on site. Both of these species are birds of arable habitat and associated boundaries, and have the potential to have bred on site. The habitats on site have the potential to support low to moderate numbers of farmland and woodland edge species. In the absence of breeding bird
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survey data, a precautionary approach is adopted when assessing potential impacts on breeding birds within this assessment.
Great Crested Newts
6.112 The desk study information included 44 records of great crested newt within a 2 km radius, the most recent of which dated from 2015. The closest record was located 530 m to the north of the Site, and appeared to relate to a waterbody within the Battlestead Hill area. This location is separated from the Site by the Battlestead Hill, which provides high quality terrestrial habitat. Given the low quality of terrestrial habitat on site, the distance between the Site and known record and the presence of high value terrestrial habitat much closer to the pond, the potential for great crested newts from this location to occur on site is considered to be negligible.
6.113 The HSI assessment undertaken by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd in November 2015 (Report RT-MME-121302-05 in Appendix 6.3) identified two ponds and a series of ditches identified within a 500 m radius of the Site based on a review of Ordnance Survey mapped data. The findings of the HSI assessment are summarised in Table 6.8, and waterbodies assessed are highlighted on Drawing C121262-ES-03 in Appendix 6.2. It should be noted that the HSI assessment is not designed for use on ditch features, therefore their potential value to great crested newts was judged based on an assessment of habitat characteristics.
Table 6.8: Summary of Findings of HSI Assessment of Waterbodies Within 500 m
Waterbody HSI Score Description Reference Pond found to be absent during HSI assessment (confirmed by Apex P1 - Ecology). A very large former gravel extraction area, restored as a fishing P2 0.31 (poor) lake. Stocking of large numbers of fish species is considered to restrict potential to support amphibians. A shallow, dry ditch feature vegetated with trees, scrub and tall ruderals. Considered unlikely to hold water apart from during D1 - periods of extremely wet weather. Unsuitable to support great crested newts. A dry feature vegetated with scrub, tall ruderals and coarse grasses. D2 - Considered unlikely to hold water. Unsuitable to support great crested newts. A dry, shallow feature vegetated with scrub, coarse grasses and D3 - scattered trees. Considered unlikely to hold water. Unsuitable to support great crested newts. A farm ditch approximately 2 m wide and 1 m deep, which was dry at the time of the survey. This ditch was fringed by scrub and tall D4 - ruderals, and is considered unlikely to hold water often. Unsuitable to support great crested newts. A shallow dry feature adjacent to a boundary hedgerow, vegetated D5 - with coarse grasses and tall ruderal species. Feature may hold water occasionally, but is unlikely to be suitable for great crested newts. Similar to D5, a shallow dry feature adjacent to a boundary hedgerow, vegetated with coarse grasses and tall ruderal species. D6 - Feature may hold water occasionally, but is unlikely to be suitable for great crested newts.
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Waterbody HSI Score Description Reference A dry feature ranging from 1-2 m in width and depth, vegetated with coarse grasses, ruderals and frequent pockets of scrub. Considered D7 - likely to hold water only occasionally. Unsuitable to support great crested newts.
6.114 All of the waterbodies assessed were considered to be suboptimal to support breeding great crested newts. Furthermore, the Site provides predominantly suboptimal terrestrial habitat of the form of expanses of frequently cultivated arable farmland. Overall it is considered that great crested newts are highly unlikely to occur within the Site, and this species is therefore not considered further in this assessment. As a precaution, and in accordance with a request from SCC during the consultation process, this assessment will be updated during a period of wet weather prior to the Development commencing to ensure that the findings are robust.
Other Species
6.115 This section considers the potential for the Site to support other protected or notable species.
Reptiles
6.116 The desk study information included one historic record of adder dating from 1940, but no other reptile records. The habitats within the Site are generally unsuitable to support reptile species, due to the dominance of intensively managed arable land and the lack of any suitable areas of grassland or tall ruderal vegetation. Suitable habitat is present beyond the western Site boundary within the Battlestead Hill complex, however this is outside of the red line boundary. The baseline work completed by Apex Ecology Ltd and Amey identified small pockets of potential reptile habitat, however this is concluded as either being outside of the area to be impacted by the Development, or too small and isolated to support a viable population.
6.117 Reptile species are not considered to be of significance to the Development, and this species group is not considered further in this assessment.
Common Amphibians
6.118 The desk study information included 15 records of common toad within 2 km, with the most recent dating from 2013. The closest record referred to a location 530 m to the north of the Site, which was the same location as the nearest great crested newt record. This appeared to refer to a waterbody within the Battlestead Hill complex.
6.119 The waterbodies within 500 m of the Site that were assessed during the Great Crested Newt HSI Assessment are generally considered to be of low value to common amphibian species, and no potential aquatic breeding habitat occurs on Site. The dominance of highly managed
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arable farmland on site means that common amphibian species are only likely to occur in very low numbers, if at all, therefore no loss of favourable conservation status is likely. For this reason, common amphibians are not considered further in this assessment.
Terrestrial Mammals
6.120 The desk study information included records of polecat, harvest mouse, hedgehog, red squirrel and brown hare within a 2 km radius of the Site, although all records were in excess of 300 m from the Site boundary.
6.121 The Preliminary Ecological Assessment identified that the Site provides habitat features that could be used by polecat (in the form of hedgerows and woodland edge with rabbit burrows) and brown hare (in the form of arable land with associated boundary hedgerows). The boundary hedgerows and woodland edge also provide suitable habitat for hedgehog, and it is considered that all three of these species could potentially occur on site. Evidence of the presence of rabbit, grey squirrel and mole was also noted during the Preliminary Ecological Assessment.
6.122 The habitats on site are considered to be sub-optimal for harvest mouse due to a lack of field margins or other significant areas of rough grassland, therefore the likelihood of this species occurring on site is low. Red squirrel has a restricted distribution in England, generally confined to the north and north-west of the country. This species is highly unlikely to be present on or adjacent to the Site. Neither species is considered further in this assessment.
Aquatic Mammals
6.123 The desk study information included 28 records of otter, with the most recent dating from 2010 and the closest referring to a location 480 m to the southeast of the Site. Five records of water vole were also provided, with the most recent dating from 2008 and within a 1 km radius of the Site (based on the accuracy of the grid reference provided).
6.124 No habitat suitable for use by either otter or water vole occurs on or adjacent to the Site, therefore neither species is considered to be of significance to the Development. Aquatic mammals are therefore not considered further in this assessment.
Invertebrates
6.125 The desk study information included records of a range of invertebrate species within a 2 km radius of the Site, including Species of Principal Importance of both butterflies (small heath, wall, dingy skipper, white-letter hairstreak) and moths (including garden tiger, cinnabar and dark-barred twin-spot carpet). Records of a variety of Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plan listed solitary bees and wasps were also provided.
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6.126 The Site is considered to be of low value to invertebrate species due to the dominance of arable farmland with negligible field margins. The boundary woodland areas to the northwest and northeast of the western parcel of land provide some potential habitat for saproxylic species in the form of dead wood, and the linear strip of woodland to the northeast of the western field contains scattered elm which is the larval food plant for white -letter hairstreak, however none of the other species identified in the desk study are considered likely to occur. The majority of records of solitary bees and wasps appear to relate to nearby nature conservation sites, in particular the chain of gravel pit sites to the east and southeast which offer extensive habitat. Records of solitary bees and wasps were also provided for the adjacent Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS.
Plants
6.127 The desk study information included 23 records of bluebell, of which the most recent dated from 2011 and referred to a located 190 m to the north of the Site. This species is protected from sale only, and is relatively common and widespread. Other plant species identified in the desk study data include box, narrow-leaved bittercress, common cudweed and marsh stitchwort.
6.128 The Preliminary Ecological Assessment was undertaken by Middlemarch Environmental Ltd in November 2015, which is not the optimal time for identifying botanical species, however the western field was surveyed by Apex Ecology Ltd in July 2015 when a more diverse array of plant species would have been evident. A species list compiled during the July 2015 visit highlights a range of common and widespread species, with no species considered to be significant at a national or local scale.
6.129 No evidence of any of the notable species listed in the desk study was found on site, however bluebell could occur within hedge bottoms and adjacent woodland areas. The habitats on site are considered unlikely to support any of the other desk study species, and o verall the Site is considered likely to be of little botanical interest. The hedge bottoms and road verges along Branston Road, which form the Branston Road BAS, appeared to be dominated by course grasses and ruderals, and showed no evidence of being botanically notable.
6.130 Plants are not considered to be of significance to the Development, and are not considered further in this assessment.
Nature Conservation Evaluation
6.131 A nature conservation evaluation of the statutory and non-statutory nature conservation sites, and habitats and species within the Site, has been completed and is presented in Table 6.9. This evaluation has been based on:
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the criteria outlined in Table 6.2; and
the findings of the baseline ecological surveys undertaken, summarised above.
6.132 It should be noted that the nature conservation evaluation of a species does not necessarily equate directly to whether a species is covered by legislation. A species which is legally protected at a European level (e.g. great crested newts, or bats) would not necessarily have a high nature conservation value, purely based on the legislation. Instead the nature conservation value is established as per the criteria above.
Table 6.9: Nature Conservation Evaluation of Nature Conservation Sites, Habitats and Species
Nature Receptor Conservation Justification Value Designated Sites A UK statutory nature conservation site, supporting a mosaic Branston Water Moderate of wetland, woodland and grassland habitats considered to be Park LNR (county) of county importance.
Site comprises habitats within limited species diversity, Branston Road BAS Low (borough) however the extent of hedgerow and presence of mature trees are of borough importance.
Battlestead Hill and Site provides a mosaic of valuable habitat types including the Rough LWS inc. Moderate ancient woodland and species-rich grassland that are Battlestead Hill (county) considered to be of county importance. Ancient Woodland)
Site supports linear broadleaved woodland including ancient Moderate Tatenhill Lane LWS woodland indicate species, and species-rich grassland. (county) Habitats mosaic is considered to be of county importance.
Site provides a large area of open water, currently free from Branston Gravel Moderate marginal vegetation but this is likely to establish. Site is Pits LWS (county) considered to be of county importance, particularly due to its potential value to bird species.
Mosaic of habitats, including dry and wet woodland, Moderate Pool Green LWS unimproved grassland and running water, is considered to be (county) of county importance.
Rockets Oak LWS, Moderate Site supports ancient woodland, which is considered to be of inc. Rockets Oak (county) county importance. Ancient Woodland
Site comprises a mosaic of habitats, but hedgerows are A38 Dual Low (borough) species-poor. Habitats are considered to be of borough Carriageway BAS importance.
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Nature Receptor Conservation Justification Value Site supports mature woodland, species-rich hedgerows and Callingwood Lane Moderate species rich grassland. The mosaic is considered to be of LWS (county) county importance.
Pond has dried up, therefore site is only considered to be of The Lady Pond BAS Low (borough) borough importance.
Site comprises highly managed wood pasture and parkland, Dunstall Hall Park Moderate but covers a large area and contains a small number of BAS (county) veteran trees. The extent of the Site means that it is considered to be of county importance.
Dunstall Hill (road Site comprises species-poor hedgerows and grassland Low (borough) verge) BAS considered to be of borough importance.
Riverside Hotel Site supports fairly common habitat types and is limited in Grounds, Branston Low (borough) extent. It is therefore considered to be of borough BAS importance.
Site supports maturing trees over a sparse ground flora, Bean's Covert BAS Low (borough) considered to be of borough importance.
Drakelow DWT Moderate A mosaic of notable wetland and grassland habitats within the Reserve (county) River Trent floodplain
Knightley Park Moderate An area of ancient woodland habitat considered to be of Ancient Woodland (county) county importance.
An extensive former gravel quarry, currently being managed Tucklesholme SWT Moderate by Staffordshire Wildlife Trust for nature conservation value. Reserve (county) Site is considered to be of county importance at present.
Site comprises a canal towpath and marginal vegetation, Branston Lock BAS Low (borough) bordered by species poor hedgerow and grassland. The mosaic is considered to be of borough importance.
Habitats Habitat is extensive in the local area, and is highly managed Arable Low (local) and of limited intrinsic value. No notable field margins present.
Broadleaved Woodland habitat on site is limited in extent, and is plantation Low (borough) predominantly young plantation that could be replaced in the woodland medium term if lost.
Hedgerows on site are extensive, but are generally species poor and could be replaced if lost. No hedgerows qualify as ‘important’ under the Hedgerow Regulations (1997), however Hedgerows Low (borough) two hedgerows (H4 and H5) are classified as being of moderate/high value in accordance with HEGS criteria. Hedgerows H1, H2 and H4 form part of the Branston Road BAS.
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Nature Receptor Conservation Justification Value Poor semi- Low (local) This habitat is species poor, and is limited in extent. improved grassland
Species No evidence of any badger setts on site, but mammal paths Badger Low (local) indicate that badgers may pass through the Site.
Site supports a small number of trees with roost potential, Bats Low (borough) and bat activity surveys indicate low levels of use by a small number of common and widespread species.
Assemblage of habitats on site are likely to support a Birds (breeding) Low (borough) moderate range of breeding species, predominantly farmland birds and birds of woodland edge habitat.
Data collected to date indicates that site is used by low to Birds (wintering) Low (borough) moderate numbers of wintering farmland and woodland species.
Terrestrial The site provides potential habitat for three notable terrestrial Low (borough) mammals mammal species: polecat, brown hare and hedgehog.
The strip of woodland located adjacent to the northeastern boundary of the western field contains elm, which is the larval Invertebrates Low (local) foodplant for the white letter hairstreak butterfly. The remainder of the Site provides low quality habitat for invertebrates.
Likely Significant Effects
6.133 The following section describes predicted impacts upon the ecological receptors outlined in Table 6.9 during both the construction and operational phases of the Development. Impacts are predicted based upon the ecological baseline established previously, and the most recent iteration of the Development and landscape masterplans for the Site (see Chapter 3 Site and Development Description for further information).
6.134 Impacts are assessed in the absence of any mitigation, with the exception of ‘built in’ mitigation that has been embedded into the masterplan for the Site based on ecological advice and forms an inherent part of the Development. The Development layout has been designed to minimise loss of ecologically notable habitats, and to create new and enhanced habitat features in accordance with the mitigation hierarchy (avoid, mitigate, compensate, enhance) which is described in the National Planning Policy Framework.
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Construction Phase
6.135 This section describes predicted impacts and effects on ecological receptors during the construction phase of the Development, and includes both direct impacts (e.g. habitat loss and physical damage/disturbance to receptors) and indirect impacts (e.g. pollution and dust deposition). The assessment has been based on information provided in Chapter 5 Construction Methodology and Alternatives.
Nature Conservation Sites
Branston Water Park LNR
6.136 Branston Water Park LNR is located 550 m to the southeast of the Site, and the Development will require no land take from this site. No direct impacts are predicted.
6.137 Reference to mapped sources indicates that hydrological connectivity between the Development area and LNR is disrupted, therefore should any pollution incidents arise during the construction phase of the Development they would be highly unlikely to impact on any habitats within the LNR. No measurable change in habitats as a result of construction phase pollution is predicted.
6.138 Overall it is considered that indirect impacts during the construction phase would represent a temporary impact of negligible magnitude on a receptor of moderate (county) value, giving an effect of negligible significance.
Branston Road BAS
6.139 The Development area is located directly adjacent to this non-statutory nature conservation site, which comprises a roadside hedgerow and associated verge. The Development will have a direct impact on this nature conservation site as a result of changes to the current hi ghway layout and provision of new access routes into the Site. It is anticipated that a total of 380 m of the BAS will be directly impacted (total hedgerow loss taking into account hedgerows on both sides of Branston Road), however the landscape strategy (see Figure 3.4) for the Development includes proposals to translocate lengths of hedgerow to ensure that it is only temporarily impacted and is not lost from the Site. The precise length of hedgerow to be translocated is not known at this stage, however it is proposed that a Hedgerow Translocation Strategy will be compiled detailing the extent of translocation proposed and associated methodologies and timings. Further information regarding translocation is provided in the mitigation section below.
6.140 Current landscape proposals indicate that a total of c. 910 m of new native species -rich hedgerow will be planted on Site, which will result in a net increase in the total length of
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hedgerow within this Site. This figure may alter, however, depending on the extent of hedgerow translocation that is feasible. Achieving a net increase in the length of hedgerow is a Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plan target.
6.141 Additional construction phase impacts in the absence of mitigation could include direct disturbance to retained parts of the BAS (e.g. root compaction from construction machinery) and indirect impacts such as dust deposition and pollution. An Air Quality Assessment (Appendix 12.2) produced for the Development by Envisage, however highlights that this Site is considered to be fairly tolerant of a short term increase in dust deposition during construction.
6.142 It is considered that the construction phase of the Development will result in temporary and permanent short-term negative impacts of moderate magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving a short-term adverse effect of minor significance. As areas of translocated and newly created hedgerow establish, however, this effect is predicted to reduce to a long-term effect of negligible significance.
Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS (inc. Battlestead Hill Ancient Woodland)
6.143 This nature conservation site is located directly adjacent to the northeastern boundary of the western field, and comprises a mosaic of woodland (including ancient woodland) and grassla nd areas. It should be noted, however, that only part of the LWS is designated as ancient woodland, and that the ancient woodland boundary is located in excess of 50 m from the red line boundary of the Site.
6.144 No direct land take from the LWS is predicted as a result of the Development, and the landscape masterplan includes the provision of a buffer of native woodland planting along the boundary with part of the LWS. It is possible, however, that in the absence of appropr iate control measures the adjacent part of the LWS could experience direct impacts, e.g. compaction of tree roots as a result of movement of construction vehicles adjacent to the Site boundary.
6.145 The Air Quality Assessment (Appendix 12.2) produced by Envisage considers the potential for adverse air quality impacts on Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS as a result of the construction phase of the Development. This assessment takes into account various types of potential construction phase air pollution, including dust deposition from earthworks, and the impact of construction traffic. For the Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS, the Air Quality Assessment concludes:
The Site is considered to be fairly tolerant of a short-term increase in dust, and is of low sensitivity.
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The overall impact of dust deposition from the construction of the Development will be low.
The impact of construction traffic has been assessing in accordance with Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) guidance, and it is concluded that the re will be minimal impact.
6.146 Further information on the Air Quality Assessment is provided in Chapter 12 Other Environmental Considerations.
6.147 In the absence of mitigation the construction phase of the Development could result in temporary and permanent negative impacts of minor magnitude on a receptor of moderate (county) value, giving an adverse effect of minor significance.
Other Non-statutory Sites
6.148 All other non-statutory nature conservation sites considered in this assessment range from 400 m to 2 km distant from the red line boundary of the Development, and no land take or other forms of direct disturbance are predicted for any of these sites. These are no major hydrological pathways between the various sites and the Site, and the potential for dust deposition and pollution impacts is restricted by distance. No impacts, either direct or indirect, are predicted for any of these sites.
Habitats
6.149 The layout of the Development has taken into account ecological advice in order to avoid potential impacts where possible, and to include embedded mitigation where habitat loss cannot be avoided. Table 6.10 provides a summary of predicted impacts on existing habitat types and habitat creation/enhancement proposals based on the most recent iteration of the Development and landscape masterplans.
Table 6.10: Summary of Predicted Habitat Loss/Creation
Predicted Habitat Type Description Loss/Creation Existing Habitats All existing arable land within the Site will be lost to Arable 24.95 ha facilitate the Development. No creation of new arable land is viable within the Development layout. All existing woodland along the boundaries of the No loss of existing western field will be retained. The landscape strategy woodland Broadleaved includes for the creation of extensive areas of new
plantation native species woodland, which will buffer existing Creation of 2.26 ha of woodland woodland boundaries and will provide a contribution new native species to the Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plan target of woodland creating new broadleaved woodland.
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Predicted Habitat Type Description Loss/Creation c. 380 m of existing hedgerow habitat will be lost, and c. 940 m will be retained. Loss of sections of boundary hedgerow along Branston Road is required to permit the proposed Two mature hedgerow highway improvement and site access infrastructure. trees will be removed. New standard hedgerow Extensive new native species hedgerow planting has trees will be planted in been integrated into the landscape strategy, in order new sections of to meet the Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plan hedgerow. target to achieve a net increase in the length of hedgerows. New planting will be installed along Hedgerows c. 910 m of new native Branston Road, and will include the creation of a species-rich hedgerow double hedgerow feature along the Branston Road will be planted. This boundary either site of a footpath. Translocation of figure may alter existing hedgerow is also proposed. depending on the extent of translocation that is New ornamental hedgerow will be created, and will be feasible. targeted within amenity areas at the front of the new school. c. 385 m of new ornamental hedgerow will be planted.
Some minor loss of species-poor road verge is predicted to permit the proposed highway Poor semi- improvement and site access infrastructure. improved 0.14 ha grassland (road No species-poor semi-improved grassland will be verges) created as part of the Development, however other grassland types are proposed, and are described below. Proposed New Habitats Extensive areas of short-mown amenity type grassland will be created on site, to include grassed Amenity 6.14 ha sports pitches and a running track. This habitat will be grassland located within areas likely to be subject to heavy footfall and recreational use. Areas of species-rich wildflower grassland will be sown around the periphery of the amenity grassland areas, generally away from parts of the Site expected Species-rich 0.55 ha to experience heavy footfall. This grassland will be grassland managed for biodiversity value, and will provide a valuable buffer between the amenity grassland and adjacent woodland planting. Two overflow storage basins will be created on site, one within the western field and one within the eastern field. These features will be sown with a suitable damp Damp grassland 0.17 ha grassland mix, to include grass and wildflower species more tolerant of wet conditions. It is not anticipated that these features will hold water consistently. A range of scattered standard trees will be planted on site as part of the landscape proposals. Ornamental Scattered trees - species will be favoured adjacent to the school, with native species planted in proximity to the playing fields and drop off facility.
6.150 The significance of predicted effects based on the habitat loss/creation figures presented in Table 6.10 are described below.
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Arable
6.151 The construction phase of the Development will result in the permanent loss of all of the existing arable farmland present within the Site, amounting to 24.95 hectares. It is not possible to retain or recreate a viable extent of arable farmland within the Development area due to the need to provide infrastructure associated with the proposed high school, including a new drop-off and pick-up facility, access routes and sports facilities. The arable land is considered to be of limited intrinsic value, although it does support other receptors for which impacts are considered separately later in this section.
6.152 The construction phase of the Development will result in a permanent negative impact of major magnitude on a receptor of low (local) nature conservation value, giving an adverse effect of minor significance.
Broadleaved Plantation Woodland
6.153 No loss of existing broadleaved plantation woodland habitat is predicted as a result of the Development, however areas of retained habitat could be subject to direct adverse impacts (such as root compaction or accidental damage to trees) in the absence of mitigation. Indirect impacts arising from dust deposition and potential pollution incidents could also occur, which could have a deleterious effect on the adjacent woodland. The construction phase of the Development could therefore have temporary and permanent negative impacts of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving an adverse effect of minor significance.
6.154 The landscape strategy (see Figure 3.4) for the Development includes 2.26 hectares of new native species woodland planting, which will buffer the existing retained woodland areas and increase the total area of woodland habitat in the local area. This is considered to be a permanent positive impact of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving a beneficial effect of minor significance.
Hedgerows
6.155 The construction phase will have a direct impact on the boundary hedgerows along Branston Road as a result of proposed changes in the highway layout and the need to create improved access points into the Site. It is anticipated that a total of c. 380 m of hedgerow habitat will be directly impacted, which will include sections of H4 which was identified as being of moderate/high ecological value in accordance with HEGS criteria. Impacts on parts of H1 (moderate value) and H2 (low value) are also predicted. The hedgerows to be impacted form part of the Branston Road BAS considered above. It is also understood that the two mature hedgerow trees will be removed. A total of 940 m of existing hedgerow habitat will be retained, and will form part of the landscaping strategy for the Development.
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6.156 The landscape strategy for the Development includes proposals to translocate areas of hedgerow to ensure that it is only temporarily impacted and is not lost from the Site, and also for the creation of new native species-rich hedgerow to ensure no net loss of hedgerow resource from the Site. Current landscaping proposals indicate that a total of c. 910 m of new native species-rich hedgerow will be planted on site, in addition to c. 385 m of new ornamental hedgerow planting (to be concentrated around amenity areas at the front of the school). These figures may alter, however, depending on the extent of hedgerow translocation that is feasible.
6.157 Additional construction phase impacts in the absence of mitigation could include direct disturbance to retained sections of hedgerow (e.g. root compaction from construction machinery) and indirect impacts such as dust deposition and pollution.
6.158 It is considered that the construction phase of the Development will result in temporary and permanent short-term negative impacts of moderate magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving a short-term adverse effect of minor significance. As areas of translocated and newly created hedgerow establish, however, this effect is predicted to reduce to a long-term effect of negligible significance.
Poor Semi-improved Grassland
6.159 The construction phase will result in the direct loss of short sections of poor semi -improved grassland road verge to facilitate the proposed highway realignment and access infrastructure. Furthermore, areas of retained road verge could be subject to adverse impacts during construction as a result of disturbance by vehicles and deposition of dust and other pollutants. These are considered to be a permanent and temporary negative impacts of minor significance on a receptor of low (local) nature conservation value, giving a short-term adverse effect of negligible significance.
Proposed New Habitats
6.160 In addition to the creation of new areas of habitat types that already exist at the Site (plantation woodland and hedgerow), the landscape strategy also includes th e creation of new habitat types that do not currently occur on site but have the potential to provide a positive contribution to biodiversity. These includes 0.55 hectares of new species-rich wildflower grassland, 0.17 hectares of damp grassland in attenuation features and 6.14 hectares of amenity type grassland (including sports pitches and areas likely to be subject to heavy footfall).
6.161 The creation of new habitats on site will provide opportunities for a range of species that do not currently occur on site, and the new habitats will provide a valuable nectar source for invertebrate species.
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6.162 Overall it is considered that the creation of new habitat types as part of the landscape strategy for the Site represents a beneficial effect of minor significance.
Species
Badger
6.163 The construction phase of the Development will not involve any work within 30 m of any known badger setts, although it should be noted that badger is a dynamic species that will readily excavate new setts in areas of suitable habitat, e.g. the woodland areas adjacent to the western field. Should any new badgers setts be excavated in these areas prior to the start of the Development, badgers could be disturbed by noise and vibration arising from construction activities. Furthermore, as badgers are likely to pass through the Site, the presence of any open excavations or pipework could cause individual badgers to become trapped.
6.164 In the absence of mitigation, the construction phase of the Development could have a temporary negative impact of minor magnitude on badgers, which are a receptor of low (local) value. This gives a predicted adverse effect of minor significance.
Bats
6.165 The Development may result in the loss of two trees with bat roost potential located around the periphery of the eastern field. No loss of any trees with bat roost potential from the linear wooded strip to the northeast of the western field is predicted, although in the absence of appropriate control measures any roosts within these trees could potentially be subject to indirect impacts arising from noise, vibration and illumination during construction works.
6.166 At the time of writing the extent of any construction phase lighting that may be required is unknown, however any increased illumination of key field boundary features, parti cularly the woodland boundaries alongside the western field, could cause temporary fragmentation of suitable foraging and commuting habitat for bats.
Birds (breeding)
6.167 The mosaic of habitats present on site is likely to be used by a moderate assemblage of breeding bird species, particularly species of woodland edge and farmland habitats.
6.168 Construction activities will result in temporary and permanent impacts on areas of potential breeding habitat for a variety of species which, if timed inappropriately, could cause direct harm or disturbance to nesting birds and impair their ability to successfully complete their breeding cycle. The nesting season is weather dependent, but generally extends between March and September inclusive. Disturbance to nesting birds during construction is considered
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to be a temporary negative impact of moderate magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving an adverse effect of minor significance.
6.169 The layout of the Development includes the retention of existing woodland edge habitats and the creation of 2.26 hectares of new native woodland planting which is likely to provide suitable breeding habitat for a range of scrub and woodland edge specialists, in addition to an array of species with more generalist breeding requirements. Proposals for the translocation and creation of hedgerow will also lead to a net increase in nesting habitat for these species. Overall it is predicted that the construction phase of the Development will lead to an increase in the availability of breeding habitat for woodland edge, scrub and generalist species. This represents a permanent positive impact of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving a beneficial effect of minor significance.
6.170 The Development will result in the permanent loss of arable habitat which is likely to support low numbers of breeding farmland species such as skylark. The layout of the Development does not provide the potential to create areas of replacement habita t for ground nesting farmland birds, therefore it is considered that breeding farmland birds are likely to be displaced from the Site into adjacent habitat areas. Arable and pastoral farmland suitable for species such as skylark is extensive in the wider area and therefore it is not considered that the Development will have a major impact on the favourable conservation status of this group when considered in isolation. However, the displacement of small numbers of breeding territories from the Site is considered to be a permanent negative impact of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving an adverse effect of minor significance.
6.171 In the absence of mitigation the construction phase could result in both permanent and temporary negative impacts of moderate magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving a predicted adverse effect of minor significance.
Birds (wintering)
6.172 Survey data collected to date indicates that the Site is used by a moderate selection of wintering birds, typically species of woodland edge and farmland habitats. As with breeding birds it is considered that the Site will continue to be of value to wintering birds of woodland and scrub habitats, in addition to a range of generalist species, however there will be a loss of arable habitat for wintering farmland birds. This will cause wintering farmland birds to be displaced into other habitat in the area, which is considered to be a permanent negative impact of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value. An adverse effect of minor significance is predicted for wintering farmland birds.
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Terrestrial Mammals
6.173 A small number of common mammal species were observed on site during the baseline survey work, and the Site provides suitable habitat to support other species including brown hare, polecat and hedgehog. As described previously for badgers, any open excavations or pipewo rk that is accessible to mammal species during the construction phase could create a hazard that could cause individual mammals to become trapped or be harmed.
6.174 The proposed landscape strategy will retain and provide suitable habitat features for hedgehog and polecat, in addition to a range of more common mammals, however the Site is unlikely to provide suitable habitat features for brown hare post-development.
6.175 Overall it is considered that the construction phase of the Development may result in temporary and permanent negative impacts of minor magnitude on receptors of low (borough) value, giving a predicted adverse effect of minor significance.
Invertebrates
6.176 The majority of the Site provides low value habitat for invertebrate species, although the woodland strip to the northeast of the western field contains dead wood and also provides a source of elm, which is the larval foodplant for the white letter hairstreak butterfly. This strip of woodland will be retained throughout the Development, although it could be subject to minor direct and indirect disturbance and pollution impacts during the construction phase of the Development. This could result in a temporary negative impact of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (local) value, giving an adverse effect of negligible significance.
6.177 The landscape strategy (see Figure 3.4) for the Development includes the replacement of existing managed arable land with a number of habitats that are considered likely to be of greater value to invertebrates, including areas of native species-rich grassland. This is likely to ensure that the Site provides an improved nectar resource for a variety of species, which is considered to be a permanent positive impact of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (local) value, giving a beneficial effect of negligible significance.
Operational Phase
6.178 This section describes predicted impacts and effects on ecological receptors during the operational phase of the Development, arising from ongoing use of the high school by staff and pupils, vehicle movement and site management activities. As with the construction phase impacts discussed above, both direct and indirect impacts are considered. Due to the type of development proposed (non-residential) it is not predicted that there will be any adverse
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impacts associated with an increase in recreational pressure at any nearby nature conservation sites.
Nature Conservation Sites
Branston Water Park LNR
6.179 No direct impacts on Branston Water Park LNR are predicted during the operational phase of the Development due to the distance of this site from the Development area.
6.180 The Development will lead to a small increase in traffic moving to and from t he Site at certain times of the day, which may increase the use of roads located in closer proximity to the LNR (e.g. the A38 which is located within 100 m of the LNR). The Air Quality Assessment completed by Envisage considers the potential for operational phase impacts arising from various traffic emissions between 2015 and 2031, and concludes that the proximity of the LNR to the busy A38 means that baseline levels of pollutants including NOx and particulate matter are likely to be fairly high, but that levels are predicted to decrease during the period assessed due to the development of cleaner technologies and implementation of a local air quality strategy. Impacts on this LNR as a result of operational phase traffic are not concluded to be significant i n the Air Quality Assessment.
6.181 The Air Quality Assessment also considers the potential impact of the proposed energy plant on the LNR, and identifies that although the level of air pollutants at the LNR may experience a slight increase depending on wind direction, all predicted emissions are well within required standards and are therefore considered to be insignificant. No measurable change in any species or habitats within the LNR as a result of the proposed energy plant are predicted. Further information on the Air Quality Assessment undertaken is provided in Chapter 12 Other Environmental Considerations.
6.182 Overall, a temporary impact of negligible magnitude on a receptor of moderate (county) value is predicted, giving an effect of a negligible significance.
Branston Road BAS
6.183 The predicted increase in vehicle traffic along Branston Road increases the potential for localised increases in nutrient deposition along the retained areas of the Branston Road BAS, although these areas were noted to be species-poor and characterised by coarse grasses and ruderals at the time of the Preliminary Ecological Assessment therefore a small -scale increase in nutrient deposition is unlikely to result in a measurable change to species composition. This conclusion is also made within the Air Quality Assessment completed by Envisage. Furthermore, no measurable change in species or habitats as a result of the proposed energy plant are
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predicted. Further information on the Air Quality Assessment undertaken is provided in Chapter 12 Other Environmental Considerations.
6.184 A higher level of human presence within the Site increases the risk of direct disturbance to retained parts of the BAS, and also increase the likelihood of issues such as litter accumulation affecting the BAS.
6.185 At the time of writing it is unknown whether any parts of the BAS will be included within ongoing management and maintenance associated with the Site, or whether they will be managed and maintained by the local planning authority. Inappropriate long -term management of the BAS could lead to a decline in biodiversity value.
6.186 Overall it is considered that the operational phase of the Development has the potential to cause a negative effect of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving an adverse effect of minor significance.
Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS (inc. Battlestead Hill Ancient Woodland)
6.187 No direct access between the school and the adjacent LWS is proposed as part of the Development, however the increased human presence on site increases the r isk of informal access into this area. This could lead to issues such as trampling or disturbance of sensitive vegetation, accumulation of litter and setting of fires, all of which could have an adverse impact on the LWS.
6.188 As with the Branston Road BAS it is considered that higher levels of vehicle traffic at the Site could lead to increased air pollution and nutrient deposition at the LWS, which could impact upon sensitive habitats such as unimproved grassland. It is noted, however, that the nearest grassland area within the LWS is located in excess of 150 m to the northwest of the closest drop-off and pick-up area that is likely to experience regular vehicle use. The Air Quality Assessment completed by Envisage concludes that there will be no significant op erational phase impacts resulting from dust deposition, and that operational phase traffic emissions are predicted to decrease at the Site through the period 2015 to 2031 as a result of the development of cleaner technologies and implementation of a local air quality strategy.
6.189 The Air Quality Assessment considers the potential impact of the proposed energy plant, and identifies that there could be an increase in air pollutants within part of the LWS when a south - westerly wind direction is considered. Predicted emission levels are, however, well within required standards and are therefore considered highly unlikely to result in a measurable change in species or habitats within the LWS. Further information on the Air Quality Assessment undertaken is provided in Chapter 12 Other Environmental Considerations.
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6.190 The operational phase of the Development could result in a temporary negative impact of minor magnitude on a receptor of moderate (county) value, giving an adverse effect of minor significance.
Other Non-statutory Sites
6.191 All other non-statutory sites are sufficiently distant from the Site that no significant direct or indirect effects are predicted during the operational phase.
Habitats
6.192 As the mosaic of created habitats on site establishes and matures, its nat ure conservation value is predicted to increase. This increase in value is, however, reliant on appropriate management to ensure that biodiversity objectives are met. The absence of appropriate management could result in the loss of favourable conservation status of certain habitat types, e.g. as a result of coarser species encroaching into wildflower grassland areas, or by preventing wildflowers from providing a valuable nectar source by implementing an inappropriate mowing regime.
6.193 Other ways in which inappropriate management and maintenance could restrict the value of post-development habitats is by failing to implement appropriate access management to prevent trampling/interference in sensitive areas, or by allowing litter to accumulate on site.
6.194 Inappropriate long-term management and maintenance is predicted to result in a temporary negative effect of moderate magnitude on receptors of low to moderate value, giving a predicted adverse effect of minor significance.
Species
Badger
6.195 There is a low risk that informal encroachment into adjacent woodland areas could cause disturbance to, or interference with, badger setts.
6.196 There will be an increased presence of vehicles and human activity within the Site which could cause disturbance and dissuade badgers from using the Site, however it anticipated that for the majority of the year this disturbance would be restricted to periods of daylight or dusk, with the Site being predominantly undisturbed throughout much of the night. As such, the risk of disturbance to badgers, including the potential for mortality from road traffic accidents, is considered to be low.
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6.197 In the absence of mitigation the operational phase of the Development could have temporary and permanent negative impacts of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (local) value, giving an adverse effect of negligible significance.
Bats
6.198 The operational phase of the Development is not predicted to have any direct impacts on bat roosts, or features with the potential to support roosting bats. Ecological input has been provided into the operational phase lighting scheme for the Development, which has been guided by the best practice principles detailed in Landscape and Urban Design for Bats and Biodiversity (Gunnell et al, 2012)16, which highlights the important of retain dark corridors for bats and favours the use of directional LED type light fittings. Couch Perry Wilkes Drawing 15417-P1-Rev C (see Appendix 12.1) highlights predicted lux levels arising from the operational phase lighting, and shows that lighting within the western field will be confined to the periphery of the built environment, and a footpath feature along the southeastern boundary. Large parts of the western field will be completely unlit, and no increased light spill is predicted along the northwestern boundary woodland. The majority of the northeastern boundary woodland will also been unlit. Where lighting is proposed along the southeastern boundary feature of the western field a double hedgerow is proposed, and a very small lighting increase is predicted for the inner hedgerow (less than 1 lux, and in accordance with best practice guidance). The result is that the dark commuting routes will be retained around the periphery of the western field, which will ensure that bats are able to continue to commute through and around the Site with minimal fragmentation of habitat. The woodland edges, and landscaped areas such as the proposed attenuation feature, will provide suitable foraging areas for bat species. The eastern field will be subject to increased levels of illumination, however an area of new woodland planting will be created around the southern and eastern edges where light spill will be minimal. This should ensure that bats are able to commute around the periphery of the eastern field with minimal disturbance from lighting.
6.199 Overall the lighting scheme for the Development is sensitive to the presence of foraging and commuting bats, and although there will be an increase in illumination on site, key habitat features will be kept dark. Operational phase lighting is considered to be a permanent impact of negligible magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving an effect of negligible significance.
Birds (breeding and wintering)
6.200 The main risk associated with breeding and wintering birds during the operational phase of the Development is linked to disturbance, as a result of increased human activity at the Site. This is considered to be more applicable to breeding than wintering birds , and could include both
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direct interference with habitats supporting nests, or disturbance associated with periods of increased noise within the Site (e.g. lunch breaks). It is considered, however, that birds will naturally disperse in accordance with the ambient disturbance regime, and therefore are likely to choose to nest away from sources of continual disturbance, which limits the magnitude of this impact.
6.201 Inappropriate post-development management and maintenance could also cause disturbance and/or harm to bird species, e.g. as a result of timing tree and vegetation management to occur during the nesting season.
6.202 Disturbance of breeding and wintering birds is considered to be a temporary negative impact of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving an adverse effect of negligible significance.
Terrestrial Mammals
6.203 Impacts on terrestrial mammals during the operational phase of the Development are generally linked to either direct interference or disturbance or habitat areas, or for harm or disturbance arising from inappropriate management and maintenance (e.g. activities that could cause disturbance to hibernating hedgehogs, or allowing litter to accumulate). There is an increased risk of mortality as result of road traffic accidents, howe ver both hedgehog and polecat are predominantly nocturnal and will be active at a time when levels of vehicle traffic should be very low. In addition, vehicles within the Site will be travelling at very low speeds, which reduces the risk significantly.
6.204 Operational phase disturbance to terrestrial mammals is considered to be a temporary negative impact of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (borough) value, giving an adverse effect of negligible significance.
Invertebrates
6.205 Operational phase impacts on invertebrate species are predominantly linked to the suitability of post-development management and maintenance of habitat. Inappropriate timing of grassland management, for example, may restrict the number of nectar sources available on site. It is therefore important to ensure that site management is optimized to ensure the availability of nectar sources for as much of the year as possible.
6.206 Inappropriate habitat management could have a temporary negative impact of minor magnitude on a receptor of low (local) value, giving an adverse effect of minor significance.
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Mitigation Measures
6.207 This section provides detail about mitigation measures that will be implemented to address the predicted impacts detailed above. In accordance with the mitigation hierarchy this section is specifically focused on additional mitigation above that which is already embedded in the Development masterplan, and was taken into account when potential impacts were assessed.
Construction Phase
Nature Conservation Sites
Branston Water Park LNR
6.208 Potential effects on Branston Water Park LNR during the construction phase of the Development are assessed as being of negligible significance. No mitigation o r compensation is proposed.
Branston Road BAS
6.209 Direct impacts and partial loss of hedgerows that form part of the Branston Road BAS will be addressed through a combination of hedgerow translocation and new species-rich native hedgerow planting. It is understood that c. 910 m of new native species hedgerow planting is proposed, however this figure may alter depending on the extent of hedgerow translocation that is feasible.
6.210 It is recommended that a Hedgerow Translocation Strategy be developed to provide detail regarding the translocation proposals for the Site. Any translocation will be undertaken in accordance with ecological best practice (Box and Stanhope, 2010) 17, and will comprise the following steps:
6.211 Hedgerow Stock:
1. Coppicing of woody vegetation within the section of hedgerow to be translocated. The woody material will be cut to a maximum height of 0.5 m. This will make the translocation process easier, and will also help to offset the impacts of loss of roost stock during the translocation process.
2. Preparation of a receptor trench using a mechanical excavator. This will comprise a trench at least 0.75 m in depth, and of sufficient length and width to receive the translocated sections of hedgerow. The receptor site is located in close proximity to the donor site, therefore ground conditions are anticipated to be the same. The base of the receptor trench will be scarified in order to minimise compaction effects arising from its excavation, and to enable free drainage.
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3. The donor hedgerow will be translocated in sections, in accordance with the width of the excavator bucket. Use of a larger bucket will be favoured in order to minimise the fragmentation of the donor material, and to ensure collection of as much soil and root stock as possible.
4. Hedgerow sections will be collected used a tracked machine in order to distribute weight evenly and minimise ground disturbance. The body of the machine will be located at least 2 m from the hedgerow in order to limit the effects of soil compaction.
5. A suitably qualified arborist will oversee the translocation process, and will trim the roots of hedgerow sections during the removal process (where required) in order to minimise damage to adjacent sections of hedgerow.
6. Donor turfs will be placed into the receptor trench by the mechanical excavator under arboricultural supervision. Loose topsoil will be carefully placed around the roots once the turfs are correctly positioned.
7. Translocated turfs will be watered in, in order to ensure even soil settlement around the roots.
6.212 Translocation should be timed to occur during autumn, when soil is moist and translocated turfs will be able to grow new root material before winter (Box and Stanhope, 2010), or during the winter months (Durham County Council, 2009) 18. All works will be undertaken by a skilled machine operator under direct supervision of a suitably qualified ecologist/ar borist.
6.213 Translocated hedgerows will be subject to aftercare management to maximise the chance of success. This will include habitat monitoring and watering of translocated hedgerow material during any prolonged periods of dry weather.
6.214 Potential construction phase direct and indirect impacts on Branston Road BAS will be controlled through the development and implementation of a Construction Ecological Management Plan (CEcMP), to be prepared by a suitably qualified ecologist prior to works commencing on site. The CEcMP is a best practice document that will include detailed measures to ensure that construction works are undertaken in accordance with best working practice, and that sensitive ecological receptors are identified and protected. This will include, for example, the use of temporary protective fencing (e.g. Heras fencing) to protect retained areas of the BAS, and implementation of dust suppression measures.
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Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS (inc. Battlestead Hill Ancient Woodland)
6.215 Predicted construction phase impacts on this LWS include potential damage to retained adjacent areas and indirect impacts such as dust deposition or pollution. The proposed CEcMP will include avoidance and control measures designed to address each of these potential impacts, to include use of temporary protective fencing to prevent encroachment into root protection areas of adjacent woodland, and ensuring that all works proceed in accordance with best practice (e.g. the Environment Agency’s Pollution Prevention Guidance) to m inimise the potential for pollution.
Other Non-statutory Sites
6.216 Predicted effects on all other non-statutory nature conservation sites were assessed as being of negligible significance due to the type of development proposed and the distance to the various sites. No mitigation is proposed.
Habitats
Arable
6.217 The construction phase will result in the loss of all existing arable habitat from within the red line boundary, and no retention or replacement of arable habitat is proposed within the landscape strategy. No mitigation or compensation is proposed.
Broadleaved Plantation Woodland
6.218 Although no loss of plantation woodland habitat is predicted, the construction phase could affect retained woodland areas through direct disturbance of retained trees, dust deposition and pollution incidents. Control measures to avoid and minimise these potential impacts will be incorporated into the proposed CEcMP, to include the use of temporary protective fencing (e.g. Heras fencing), implementation of dust suppression measures and undertaking works in accordance with best practice to avoid pollution.
Hedgerows
6.219 Proposals for translocation of hedgerow habitat are described in the Branston Road BAS section above.
6.220 Predicted construction phase effects for hedgerows are broadly the same as those described for the Branston Road BAS, comprising the potential for direct disturbance to areas of retained hedgerow, and indirect impacts as a result of issues such as dust deposition and pollution.
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6.221 Control measures for these impacts will be detailed in the CEcMP, and will include the use of temporary protective fencing (e.g. Heras fencing), implementation of dust suppression measures and undertaking works in accordance with best practice to avoid pollution.
Poor Semi-improved Grassland
6.222 Protection of retained areas of poor semi-improved grassland will be detailed in the CEcMP, and will include the use of temporary protective fencing (e.g. Heras fencing), implementation of dust suppression measures and undertaking works in accordance with best practice to avoid pollution. No additional mitigation for loss of this habitat is proposed, above and beyond the proposals for the creation of new grassland habitat as part of the landscape strategy (see Figure 3.4).
Proposed New Habitats
6.223 A beneficial effect is predicted for proposed new habitat areas, therefore no mitigation or compensation is proposed.
Species
Badger
6.224 Predicted construction phase impacts on badgers are associated with potential disturbance should any setts be excavated within 30 m of the Development prior to the construction phase commencing, and also the potential for disturbance to badgers as a result of them becoming trapped in any open excavations or pipework.
6.225 A pre-commencement updated Badger Survey will be undertaken of the Site and a 30 m surrounding buffer in order to allow any changes in the distribution of the se species, particularly the excavation of new setts, to be assessed. Should the updated survey identify the presence of any setts, an updated assessment of potential impacts will be undertaken. Should any breach of legislation be considered likely, a method statement will be compiled and works will be undertaken in accordance with a Natural England development licence. This licence will allow works that would otherwise be unlawful to proceed during the period 1 st July to 30th November inclusive, when badgers are least vulnerable to disturbance.
6.226 The proposed CEcMP will include measures for ensuring that open excavations are either covered at night or a means of escape (e.g. a ramp) is provided, and that any open pipework is covered.
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Bats
6.227 Predicted construction phase impacts on bats are associated with the loss of two trees offering potential roost features, and disturbance to foraging and commuting bats as a result of construction phase lighting.
6.228 Any trees to be impacted that support potential bat roost features will be comprehensively surveyed prior to any work commencing. Surveys will be undertaken by suitably qualified ecologists, and will comprise tree-climbing surveys where possible, and nocturnal emergence/dawn re-entry surveys should tree climbing not be possible for reasons of health and safety. Should any bat roosts be identified within trees to be removed, no disturbance to the roost will be permitted until a method statement has been compiled and a Natural England development licence has been obtained. The licence will allow activities that would otherwise be unlawful to proceed, provided that adequate mitigation is undertaken to ensure no loss of favourable conservation status.
6.229 To mitigate for the loss of trees containing potential roosting features, and to provide additional enhancement of the Site for roosting bats, a series of woodcrete bat roosting boxes will be installed on buildings, poles and retained trees on and adjacent to the Site. The following boxes will be installed:
6 no. Schwegler 2F boxes, to be installed on poles or semi-mature to mature retained trees.
3 no. Schwegler 2F-DFP boxes, to be installed on poles or semi-mature to mature retained trees.
1 no. Schwegler 2 FN box, suitable for larger species, to be installed on a pole or semi - mature to mature retained tree.
2 no. Schwegler 1 FQ roost box, to be installed on a new building away from direct illumination.
6.230 All boxes will be installed on land within the Applicant’s control, ideally within the red line boundary of the Site. Exact locations for the installation of boxes will be determined on site by a suitably qualified ecologist.
6.231 Construction phase lighting will be detailed within the proposed CEcMP. Lighting will be minimised, and no direct illumination of Site boundary features will be permitted.
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Birds (breeding)
6.232 Construction works, including vegetation clearance, have the potential to impact upon breeding birds by causing direct harm and disturbance if timed to occur during the nesting season (generally March to September inclusive). To minimise the risk to nesting birds, Site clearance works will be timed to occur outside the nesting season or, where this is not possible, habitats to be impacted will be inspected by a suitably qualified ecologist prior to clearance. Where active nests are present, a protective buffer zone will be implemented in which no disturbance will be permitted until the young have fledged and the nest has been abandoned naturally. The above procedure will also be integrated into the proposed CEcMP, and will ensure that the potential for harm to breeding birds is reduced to a residual effect of negligible significance.
6.233 A series of bird nest boxes will be installed on buildings, poles and retained trees on and adjacent to the Site to provide potential nesting habitat as landscaping establishes. The following boxes will be installed:
4 no. Schwegler 1B boxes, suitable for use by hole nesting species such as blue tit and great tit.
4 no. Schwegler 1N boxes, suitable for species such as robin and wren.
2 no. Schwegler sparrow terraces. These are suitable for use by house sparrow, and should be installed on built structures in proximity to vegetation.
6.234 All boxes will be installed on land within the Applicant’s control, ideally within the red line boundary of the Site. Exact locations for the installation of boxes will be determined on site by a suitably qualified ecologist.
6.235 No mitigation or compensation is proposed for loss of breeding habitat for low numbers of farmland species.
Birds (wintering)
6.236 The construction phase of the Development will result in the loss of wintering habitat for farmland bird species, and the displacement of wintering birds into adjacent habitat areas. No mitigation or compensation is proposed.
Terrestrial Mammals
6.237 As described for badger, other terrestrial mammal species could be harmed during the construction phase of the Development as a result of becoming trapped within open excavations or pipework.
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6.238 The proposed CEcMP will include measures for ensuring that open excavations are either covered at night or a means of escape (e.g. a ramp) is provided, and that any open pipework is covered.
Invertebrates
6.239 A potential construction phase impact on invertebrate species is associated with disturbance to the linear woodland along the northeastern edge of the western field, as this woodland contains elm, the larval foodplant of the white letter hairstreak butterfly.
6.240 The proposed CEcMP will include measures to ensure that this woodland area is protected during construction, to include the use of temporary fencing (e.g. Heras fencing) to prevent encroachment.
Operational Phase
Nature Conservation Sites
Branston Water Park LNR
6.241 It is predicted that any increase in background air pollutant levels or nutrient deposition at the LNR would be so small as to result in no measurable change to any species or habitats. As such, no specific mitigation is proposed for this site.
Branston Road BAS
6.242 To ensure the ongoing ecological value of the BAS, and parts of the Site that fall within the control of the Applicant1 will be included in a site-wide Landscape and Ecological Management Plan (LEMP). The LEMP will identify biodiversity objectives for the BAS, and will detail long - term management proposals to ensure that the biodiversity value of the habitats that form the BAS are maximised. Management proposals will be designed to avoid any conflict with other sensitive ecological receptors, such as the presence of nesting birds. The LEMP will also include details of future habitat monitoring to allow the condition of habitats to be assessed and the need for any changes in management or remedial action to be identified. Maintenance proposals, including the need for regular litter picking, will also be provided.
1 At the time of writing it is not known which parts of the BAS may fall within the control of the applicant and which fall within the control of the local planning authority, however this will be established prior to completion of the LEMP.
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Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS (inc. Battlestead Hill Ancient Woodland)
6.243 Encroachment into the adjacent parts of Battlestead Hill and the Rough will be discouraged through the implementation of a programme of access management, to include appropriate fencing and signage. In addition, staff on site will be made aware of the ecological sensitivities of the adjacent land, and will communicate this to students.
6.244 The proposed LEMP will include proposals for litter picking within the Site, which will help to manage the potential for windborne litter to accumulate at the LWS. No specific mitigation is proposed for small-scale changes in air quality, however given the type of development proposed this is considered unlikely to result in a measurable change to habitats or species.
Other Non-statutory Sites
6.245 No significant operational phase effects are predicted for any other non -statutory nature conservation site during the operational phase of the Development. No mitigation or compensation is required.
Habitats
6.246 Predicted long-term effects on habitats are generally associated with the need for appropriate post-development management and maintenance. As described above, it is proposed that a LEMP will be produced that will detail proposals for long-term habitat management and maintenance. The LEMP will be designed to ensure that the potential biodiversity value of habitats is realised, and that the different management and maintenance requirements for different receptors are balanced to ensure no conflict.
6.247 Access management (e.g. fencing and signage) will be used to discourage access into the most sensitive habitat areas, particularly when new habitats are establishing and are sensitive to disturbance.
6.248 The LEMP will include habitat monitoring proposals in order to allow the success of management to be assessed, and to identify any need for changes in management or remedial action.
Species
Badger
6.249 As described above for Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS, informal encroachment into the adjacent woodland and scrub habitats will be avoided though the implementation of a
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programme of access management (e.g. fencing and signage), and staff will be trained to discourage any students from trespassing into adjacent areas.
Bats
6.250 The lighting scheme for the Development has been designed to minimise light spill onto boundary features, based on ecological input provided. As such, mitigation is embedded, and no additional mitigation is proposed.
Birds (breeding and wintering)
6.251 Small-scale localised disturbance to birds as a result of increased human and ve hicle activity on site is considered inevitable, and cannot be readily mitigated for. It is considered, however, that birds will naturally distribute themselves in accordance with a tolerable level of disturbance, with more tolerant species located in closer proximity to the Development than more sensitive species during both the breeding and wintering periods.
6.252 Access management (e.g. fencing and signage) will help to minimise encroachment into, and disturbance of, sensitive habitats, particularly the existing woodland edges and areas of proposed tree planting around the peripheries of the western field. The proposed LEMP will be designed to avoid impacts on potential nesting habitats during the nesting season, which will also help to avoid disturbance and harm to birds.
Terrestrial Mammals
6.253 Predicted operational phase impacts on terrestrial mammals are associated with disturbance, interference and inappropriate management and maintenance of habitats. These impacts will be mitigated through a combination of access management and the development and implementation of a LEMP to ensure that the Site is managed for biodiversity. This will include ensuring that any management of habitats is designed to minimise impacts on terrestrial mammal species (e.g. no disturbance of potential hibernation habitat during the winter months).
6.254 No specific mitigation is proposed for the increased risk of mortality from road traffic. However, vehicles will generally be travelling at very low speeds during daylight hours, so the risk i s considered to be very low.
Invertebrates
6.255 Appropriate post-development habitat management is considered to be the key operational issue for invertebrate species, in particular ensuring that the vegetation on site provides a nectar source for as much of the year as possible. The proposed LEMP will be designed to
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ensure that habitats are managed at the appropriate time of year to maximise the nectar resource, and will also include proposals for rotational management to ensure that the Site provides a balance of areas of long and short grass.
6.256 In addition, it is proposed that any dead wood arising from ongoing arboricultural management work will be retained on site and used to provide a habitat feature for saproxylic invertebrates.
Residual Effects
6.257 This chapter describes the significance of predicted residual effects once the mitigation described above has been implemented. As previously, mitigation and residual effects are separated into those relevant to the construction phase of the development and those rele vant to the operational phase.
Construction Phase
Nature Conservation Sites
Branston Water Park LNR
6.258 No mitigation or compensation is proposed, and a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Branston Road BAS
6.259 Provided that the CEcMP and Hedgerow Translocation Strategy are agreed with the local planning authority prior to the start of the Development and is implemented as planned, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS (inc. Battlestead Hill Ancient Woodland)
6.260 Provided that the CEcMP is agreed with ESBC prior to the start of the Development and is implemented as planned, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Other Non-statutory Sites
6.261 Predicted effects on all other non-statutory nature conservation sites were assessed as being of negligible significance due to the type of development proposed and the distance to the various sites. No residual effects are predicted for these sites.
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Habitats
Arable
6.262 No mitigation or compensation is proposed, and an adverse residual effect of minor significance is predicted.
Broadleaved Plantation Woodland
6.263 Provided that the CEcMP is agreed with ESBC prior to the start of the Development and is implemented as planned, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Hedgerows
6.264 Provided that the CEcMP is agreed with ESBC prior to the start of the Development and is implemented as planned, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Poor Semi-improved Grassland
6.265 Provided that the CEcMP is agreed with ESBC prior to the start of the Development and is implemented as planned, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Proposed New Habitats
6.266 If the landscape strategy is implemented as proposed, a beneficial residual effect of minor significance is predicted.
Species
Badger
6.267 Provided that the proposed mitigation measures are implemented, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Bats
6.268 Provided that the proposed mitigation measures are implemented, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Birds (breeding)
6.269 Provided that the proposed mitigation is implemented for potential disturbance impacts on breeding birds, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
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6.270 No mitigation or compensation is proposed for loss of breeding habitat for low numbers of farmland species within the red line boundary of the Development. An adverse residual effect of minor significance is therefore predicted.
Birds (wintering)
6.271 No mitigation or compensation for the loss of wintering habitat for farmland species is proposed within the red line boundary of the Development. An adverse residual effect of minor significance is therefore predicted.
Terrestrial Mammals
6.272 Provided that the CEcMP is agreed with ESBC prior to the start of the Development and is implemented as planned, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Invertebrates
6.273 Provided that the CEcMP is agreed with ESBC prior to the start of the Development and is implemented as planned, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Operational Phase
Nature Conservation Sites
Branston Water Park LNR
6.274 No specific mitigation is proposed, and a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Branston Road BAS
6.275 Provided that the proposed LEMP is agreed with the local planning authority prior to the Development becoming operational and is implemented as planned, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Battlestead Hill and the Rough LWS (inc. Battlestead Hill Ancient Woodland)
6.276 Provided that access management is undertaken and a LEMP is agreed with the local planning authority prior to the Development becoming operational and is implemented as planned, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Other Non-statutory Sites
6.277 No mitigation or compensation is required, and no residual effects are predicted.
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Habitats
6.278 Provided that the LEMP is agreed with ESBC prior to the Development becoming operational and is implemented as planned, it is predicted that the value of retained and created habitats to biodiversity will increase. A beneficial residual effect of minor significance is predicted.
Species
Badger
6.279 Provided that access management is implemented, it is not anticipated that any disturbance to badgers or their setts will occur. A residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Bats
6.280 Mitigation is embedded, and no additional mitigation is proposed. A residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Birds (breeding and wintering)
6.281 Access management and appropriate timing of habitat management works will reduce the predicted disturbance impact on bird species. A residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Terrestrial Mammals
6.282 Provided that access management is undertaken and a LEMP is agreed with ESBC prior to the start of the Development and is implemented as planned, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Invertebrates
6.283 Provided that the LEMP is agreed with the local planning authority prior to the start of the Development and is implemented as planned, a residual effect of negligible significance is predicted.
Cumulative Effects
6.284 Cumulative effects generally fall into two types, wherein Type 1 effects are intra-development effects arising from the interaction of a series of different effects on a particular receptor (for example bats being impacted by both habitat loss and fragmentation from lighting). For this assessment, Type 1 effects have been factored into the overall assessment of potential impacts
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set out above, and impacts on ecological receptors from a range of sources are considered (e.g. lighting, air quality).
6.285 Type 2 cumulative effects are the focus of this section, and are associated with the combined effects of the Development and other relevant committed developments in the area. Four relevant committed projects have been identified in the local area. These developments are described in Chapter 2 of the ES, and predicted ecological effects and cumulative effects in- combination with the current Site are assessed below.
Branston Locks, Lawns Farm - Planning Ref P/2012/01467
Construction Phase
6.286 An Environmental Statement (ES) and supporting ecological survey reports were submitted in support of application P/2012/01467. The ES identified that the Site was predominantly composed of arable habitat with areas of improved and semi-improved grassland, scattered trees and species poor boundary hedgerows considered to be no more than low value. However the Site supported a number of protected or notable species and was situated within close proximity to several statutory and non-statutory sites of local to county importance.
6.287 Whilst ecological input into the Site design has aimed to address many of the ecological issues on site a number of significant adverse effects were discussed, including the loss of breeding habitat for seven Biodiversity Action Plan/Species of Principal Importance bird species, construction effects on great crested newts at Shobnall Grange and the effect of lighting on bats along the edges of the woodland at Battlestead Hill and the Rough Site of Biological Importance (SBI).
6.288 In addition to the embedded avoidance/mitigation measures, the ES set out a series of mitigation measures designed to address identified ecological effects. These measures include ecological inputs into the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) and ad opting the principles of ecological sensitive design to achieve BREEAM/CSH sustainability accreditations.
6.289 Upon implementation of mitigation the ES identifies potential residual effects on yellowhammer and skylark, due to the irreplaceable loss of farmland to development, although the residual effect is not concluded to be significant. An overall neutral to positive residual effect on bird species is predicted as a result of the habitat creation proposals inherent in the Development design.
6.290 Implementation of mitigation under a Natural England development licence is proposed to address impacts on great crested newts, and no residual effects on this species are predicted.
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6.290a Whilst full details of the Branston Locks scheme are not yet known, works associated with the highways improvement element of this permission have been determined. Figure 3.6 (Chapter 3) shows that in addition to the proposed hedgerow loss considered as part of the Development (see Table 6.10), there will be some additional short sections (c.50m) of hedgerow along the northern boundary of the existing road which will need to be removed to create a footpath to the north of the new road alignment and an access to the Nurton Housing Scheme to the north.
6.920b This additional loss of hedgerow length is considered to be an ‘in-combination’ effect as it increases the total length of hedgerow lost from the Branston Road Biodiversity Alert Site. Assuming that the mitigation measures outlined as part of the Development, associated with hedgerow translocation and replacement are successfully delivered, the cumulative effect is considered to be of minor adverse significance in the short-term (whilst translocated sections and new planting establishes) and of negligible significance in the long-term.
Operational Phase
6.291 The ES infers that the main significant effect associated with the operational phase of the Development is the potential effect of lighting on bats, particularly along the edges of the woodland at Battlestead Hill and the Rough Site of Biological Importance (SBI). Mitigation in the form of avoiding sensitive areas, the use of cowls and hoods and lands caping is recommended in the ES, in addition to the use of low and high pressure sodium lamps and low lighting columns. Upon implementation of this mitigation, no residual effects are predicted on bats; however as this is only at the outline application stage, the exact details of the lighting strategy are not likely to be determined until the detailed planning stages.
6.292 The ES also includes a cumulative impact assessment, which outlines the potential cumulative effects on bat roosts in trees as a result of increased lighting with the adjacent Burton Rugby Club (see application PA/32378/003/JPM below). The ES concludes that a ‘wor st case scenario’ would be that insensitive lighting from the two developments could result in a medium impact on roosting bats but highlights that a range of mitigation measures are available to minimise these effects at the detailed design phase.
Predicted Cumulative Effects
Construction Phase
6.293 The ecological information submitted in support of the planning application for the Branston Locks development highlights that the key ecological impacts identified related to loss of
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breeding habitat for notable birds (particularly farmland species), impacts on great crested newts, and disturbance to bats from construction phase lighting.
6.294 Mitigation proposals for great crested newts are discussed in the information supporting the application, which confirms that a technical solution to mitigation is available. No residual effects are predicted, and as no adverse impacts on great crested newts are predicted for the current application, no significant cumulative effects are predicted for this species group during the construction phase.
6.295 Mitigation for construction phase lighting impacts on bats will include the adoption of good working practices and the implementation of a CEMP to control construction activities. No residual effects on bats are predicted, and it is considered that, provided that a CEMP is produced and implemented for both the Branston Locks development and the current application, there will be no significant cumulative effect on bats during the construction phase.
6.296 Loss of suitable breeding habitat for wintering birds is identified as a residual effect for the Branston Locks development, however it is not concluded to be significant. Loss of farmland bird habitat is also identified as a minor adverse residual effect for the Development, therefore it is considered that there will be a cumulative adverse effect of minor significance associated with habitat loss for farmland birds.
Operational Phase
6.297 A potential operational phase effect associated with disturbance to bats through inappropriate lighting is predicted for the Branston Locks development, including the potential for cumulative effects within the Land at Branston Bridge site. Information is provided regarding available mitigation options and best practice for lighting design to mitigate for effects of lighting on bats. No information regarding final lighting layout for the Branston Locks site is known, however if the mitigation and design recommendations are adhered to then there should not be a residual effect associated with operational phase lighting for the Branston Locks development.
6.298 As the lighting scheme for the Development has been designed in accordance with best practice and will include key habitat features being kept dark, no significant cumulative effects associated with lighting are predicted.
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Land at Branston Bridge, Branston Road - Planning Ref PA/32378/003/JPM
Predicted Ecological Effects and Proposed Mitigation
Construction Phase
6.299 An Ecological Appraisal was prepared by Atmos Consulting in support of Application PA/32378/003/JPM in 2009. The Appraisal identified that the Site was predominantly composed of intensively managed improved grassland of low nature conservation value and was unlikely to provide key habitat protected or notable species. The main feature of ecolo gical interest was considered to be the 16 mature hedgerow trees which provided some bat roost potential.
6.300 The appraisal concluded that main impacts of the Development will be the loss of four mature trees, two with bat roost potential, and the loss of approximately 800m of hedgerow. In order to address the effects, a variety of ecological mitigation and enhancements were proposed including opportunities for new tree and shrub planting and grassland enhancement within the landscaping and undertaking pre-construction checks for bats and nesting birds. Providing these measures are adopted it is considered that the proposals will have a positive effect on the Site’s value for nature conservation.
Operational Phase
6.301 The Ecological Appraisal infers that the main significant effect associated with the operational phase of the Development is the potential effect of lighting on bats. Mitigation in the form of industry guidance to minimise light spill is recommended in the appraisal; however it concludes that due to the limited size and value of the bat population likely to be using the Site, the increase in light spill is considered to be insignificant. No residual ecological effects are therefore anticipated during the operational effects of the Development.
Predicted Cumulative Effects
Construction Phase
6.302 The ecological information submitted in support of the Land at Branston Bridge development confirms that the key ecological impact is associated with the loss of trees with bat roost potential, however mitigation and enhancement proposals are provided to ensure no net loss of biodiversity value. Mitigation and enhancement proposals associated with roosting bats are also presented in this report for the current application, and is it considered that, providing all proposed mitigation and enhancement is implemented as proposed, there will be no significant cumulative effects during the construction phase.
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Operational Phase
6.303 Due to the type of development proposed (sports pitches) an increase in illumination during the operational phase is inevitable, although it is noted that baseline survey work identified that the Site was not heavily used by bats.
6.304 As the lighting scheme for the Development has been designed in accordance with best practice and will include key habitat features being kept dark, no significant cumulative effects associated with lighting are predicted.
Newbold Quarry and Tucklesholme Quarry, Barton Under Needwood – Planning Ref P/2014/00604 and P/2015/01643
Predicted Ecological Effects and Proposed Mitigation
Construction Phase
6.305 The application is associated with amending the quarry restoration proposals to have a biodiversity focus, therefore the restoration will have a positive impact on biodiversity. All ecological mitigation and enhancement associated with the project is embedded into the design of the restoration.
Operational Phase
6.306 Post-restoration, the quarry will provide a valuable resource for biodivers ity if managed appropriately. No adverse operational phase impacts are predicted, and no mitigation is proposed.
Predicted Cumulative Effects
Construction Phase
6.307 The proposed restoration area is located c. 2 km to the south of the Site, and will be of benef it to biodiversity. No significant cumulative effects are predicted above those assessed for the Site in isolation.
Operational Phase
6.308 No significant cumulative operational effects are predicted.
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Land to the South of Forest Road, Burton Upon Trent - Planning Ref P/2012/01359
Predicted Ecological Effects and Proposed Mitigation
Construction Phase
6.309 An Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey, undertaken by Absolute Ecology in 2011, was submitted in support of application P/2012/01359. This report noted that the Site comprised a variety of habitats, including horse-grazed grassland divided by species-poor hedgerows, with smaller pockets of semi-natural broadleaved woodland and scrub. Small areas of woodland are present on Site that are included on the Ancient Woodland Inventory, and which form part of a non- statutory designated site. The report recommended that all of the Ancient Woodland on site be retained as part of the proposed development; and that further botanical surveys are required if any of the woodland is to be lost.
6.310 A Bat Activity Survey, undertaken by Absolute Ecology in 2012, was also submitted in support of application P/2012/01359. These surveys found no evidence of bats roosting in buildings at the Site, or any active bird nests. As such, it was considered that the proposed development would not negatively impact roosting bats or breeding birds and Natural England Licence was not required. However, a number of bat species were recorded foraging at the Site, including common and soprano pipistrelle, brown long-eared bat, Daubenton’s bat and Natterer's bat. As only low numbers of foraging bats were observed, the impacts of the proposed d evelopment on foraging bats were considered to be low.
6.311 A tree survey of the Site in regards to bat roosting potential was undertaken by Absolute Ecology in 2012. This survey found that a small number of trees had bat roosting potential; although, no evidence of roosting bats was found during the surveys. It was concluded that the proposed development would not any negative impacts on bat roosts in trees. In regards to mitigation, it was recommended that any works to the remaining trees on site use soft felling techniques, and that any works are undertaken outside the bird nesting season (March to August).
6.312 The final report of the planning committee includes comments with regard to ecology, and identifies that all habitats of value can retained through an appropriate mitigation scheme, including trees identified as offering bat roost potential. The report states that, subje ct to compliance with recommendations, the Development should result in a net gain for biodiversity and not impact any European protected species.
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Operational Phase
6.313 The baseline ecological survey and assessment work submitted in support of the planning application did not identify any operational phase impacts, with the exception of a recommendation regarding the design of the lighting strategy to avoid any impacts on bat species.
Predicted Cumulative Effects
Construction Phase
6.314 Due to the distance between the application area and the Site, the potential for construction phase cumulative effects is considered to be minimal. Provided that reco mmendations from the planning committee are adhered to, and that the mitigation proposals for the Site are implemented as stated, no significant construction phase cumulative effects are predicted.
Operational Phase
6.315 Due to the different types of development proposed, no significant cumulative effects as a result of recreational pressure are predicted. Provided that the recommendations regarding design of the lighting scheme are adhered to for Land South of Forest Road, and that the mitigation proposals outlined in this chapter are implemented, no significant cumulative operational effects are predicted.
Summary
6.316 Table 6.11 presents a summary of the likely significant effects of the Development.
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Table 6.11: Table of Significance - Ecology and Nature Conservation
Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Construction Nature Conservation Sites Branston Water Low risk of pollution during Temporary Negligible No mitigation or compensation is Negligible Park LNR construction phase, limited by proposed. distance and disrupted (Near- * hydrological connectivity. certain)
Negligible magnitude. Branston Road Temporary disturbance and Temporary and Minor adverse (short Production and implementation of Negligible BAS translocation of sections of permanent term); negligible (long a Construction Ecological hedgerow, and potential term) Management Plan (CEcMP), to (Probable) disturbance of retained include detailed measures to hedgerow sections. Potential ensure that construction works dust deposition and pollution are undertaken in accordance incidents during construction. with best working practice, and that sensitive ecological receptors Negative, moderate are identified and protected. This magnitude. will include, for example, the use * of temporary protective fencing (e.g. Heras fencing) to protect retained areas of the BAS, and implementation of dust suppression measures.
A Hedgerow Translocation Strategy will be produced to provide detail regarding the translocation proposals.
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Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Battlestead Hill Disturbance of adjacent parts Temporary and Minor adverse CEcMP to include avoidance and Negligible and the Rough of the LWS during permanent control measures designed to LWS inc. construction, e.g. root address each of these potential (Near- Battlestead Hill compaction. Potential dust impacts, to include use of certain) Ancient deposition and pollution temporary protective fencing to Woodland) incidents during construction. prevent encroachment into root protection areas of adjacent * Negative, minor magnitude. woodland, and ensuring that all works proceed in accordance with best practice (e.g. the Environment Agency’s Pollution Prevention Guidance) to minimise the potential for pollution. Other Non- No impacts predicted. N/A No impacts predicted No mitigation or compensation is None statutory Sites proposed. * * (Near- certain)
Habitats Arable Direct loss of all existing Permanent Minor adverse No mitigation or compensation is Minor arable habitat within the red proposed. adverse line boundary. * (Certain) Negative, major magnitude. Broadleaved Disturbance of adjacent Permanent Minor adverse Control measures to avoid and Negligible plantation plantation woodland habitat minimise these potential impacts woodland during construction, e.g. root will be incorporated into the (Near- proposed CEcMP, to include the compaction. Potential dust certain) deposition and pollution use of temporary protective incidents during construction. fencing (e.g. Heras fencing), * implementation of dust Negative, minor magnitude. suppression measures and undertaking works in accordance with best practice to avoid pollution.
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Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Creation of 2.26 ha of new Permanent Minor beneficial Beneficial effect – no mitigation Minor native broadleaved woodland. or compensation proposed. beneficial * (Certain)
Hedgerows Temporary disturbance and Temporary and Minor adverse (short Control measures will be detailed Negligible translocation of sections of permanent term), reducing to in the CEcMP, and will include the hedgerow, and potential negligible (long term) as use of temporary protective (Near- disturbance of retained new native hedgerow fencing (e.g. Heras fencing), certain) hedgerow sections. Potential planting establishes and implementation of dust dust deposition and pollution matures. suppression measures and incidents during construction. undertaking works in accordance * Negative, moderate with best practice to avoid magnitude. pollution.
A Hedgerow Translocation Strategy will be produced to provide detail regarding the translocation proposals.
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Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Poor semi- Loss of small sections of Temporary and Negligible Control measures will be detailed Negligible improved species-poor road verge to permanent in the CEcMP, and will include the grassland facilitate highway realignment use of temporary protective (Near- and creation of access fencing (e.g. Heras fencing), certain) infrastructure. Damage and implementation of dust disturbance to retained road suppression measures and verges during construction. undertaking works in accordance
with best practice to avoid Negative, minor magnitude. * pollution.
No additional mitigation for loss of small areas of species-poor road verge is proposed, above the grassland creation proposals in the landscape strategy.
Newly created Creation of a variety of new Permanent Minor beneficial Beneficial effect – no mitigation Minor habitats habitat types that do not proposed. beneficial currently occur on site, including species-rich (Near- grassland, native woodland ------certain) and tree planting, and native hedgerow planting.
Positive, minor magnitude. Species
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Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Badger Disturbance from construction Temporary Minor adverse Pre-start updated Badger Survey; Negligible activities, including should any breach of legislation disturbance of any new setts be considered likely, a method (Near- that may be established pre- statement will be compiled and certain) development. Potential for works will be undertaken in * badgers passing through the accordance with a Natural Site to become trapped in England development licence. open excavations or pipework. Development and implementation of a Construction Ecological Negative, minor magnitude. Management Plan (CEcMP). Bats Loss of two trees with bat Any trees to be impacted that Negligible roost potential from support potential bat roost boundaries associated with features will be comprehensively (Near- the eastern field. Disturbance surveyed prior to any work certain) to retained trees with bat commencing. Should any bat roost potential to the roosts be identified within trees northeast of the western field, to be removed, no disturbance to disturbance of commuting and the roost will be permitted until a foraging areas from method statement has been construction phase lighting. compiled and a Natural England * development licence has been Negative, moderate obtained. magnitude. A series of woodcrete bat roosting boxes will be installed on buildings, poles and retained trees on and adjacent to the Site. Development and implementation of a Construction Ecological Management Plan (CEcMP).
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Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Birds (breeding) Disturbance/harm to bird Temporary Minor adverse Clearance of potential nesting Negligible species arising from works habitat to be timed to occur undertaken during the outside of the nesting season (Near- construction period, including (March-September), and where certain) site clearance. this is not possible habitat will be inspected by a suitably qualified Negative, moderate ecologist prior to clearance. Any magnitude. nests identified will be protected until they have been abandoned * naturally. Timings and survey proposals will be included in the proposed CEcMP.
A series of woodcrete nest boxes will be installed on buildings, poles and retained trees on and adjacent to the Site. Creation of mosaic of new Permanent Minor beneficial Beneficial effect – no mitigation Minor habitat types suitable for use proposed. beneficial by nesting birds of woodland edge and scrub habitats, in * (Near- addition to generalist species. certain)
Positive, minor magnitude. Loss of arable habitat and Permanent Minor adverse No mitigation proposed. Minor displacement of breeding adverse farmland birds (e.g. skylark) * into adjacent habitat areas. (Certain)
Negative, minor magnitude.
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Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Birds Loss of arable habitat and Permanent Minor adverse No mitigation or compensation is Minor (wintering) displacement of wintering proposed. adverse farmland birds (e.g. skylark) * into adjacent habitat areas. (Certain)
Negative, minor magnitude. Terrestrial Construction will make the Temporary and Minor adverse The proposed CEcMP will include Negligible mammals Site unsuitable for use by permanent measures for ensuring that open brown hare - none recorded excavations are either covered at (Near- on site but suitable habitat night or a means of escape (e.g. certain) present. Potential for a ramp) is provided, and that any * terrestrial mammals to open pipework is covered. become trapped in open excavations or pipework.
Negative, minor magnitude. Invertebrates Potential for disturbance of Permanent Negligible (adverse) The proposed CEcMP will include Negligible strip of retained woodland measures to ensure that this containing elm, the larval woodland area is protected during (Near- foodplant of the white letter construction, to include the use of * certain) hairstreak butterfly. temporary fencing (e.g. Heras fencing) to prevent Negative, minor magnitude. encroachment. Landscape scheme will replace Permanent Negligible (beneficial) Beneficial effect – no mitigation Negligible existing arable land with proposed. (beneficial) mosaic of habitats likely to be of greater value to (Certain) invertebrates. * Positive, minor magnitude.
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Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Completed Development
Nature Conservation Sites Branston Water Minor changes in air pollution Temporary Negligible No mitigation or compensation is Negligible Park LNR and nutrient deposition from proposed. increased traffic use of nearby (Probable) A38. Not considered to cause a measurable change in * habitats or species, and likely to decrease during the operational life of the Development. Branston Road A higher level of human Temporary and Minor adverse Development and implementation Negligible BAS presence within the Site permanent of a site-wide Landscape and increases the risk of direct Ecological Management Plan (Near- disturbance to retained parts (LEMP). certain) of the BAS, and also increased the likelihood of issues such as litter accumulation affecting the BAS. *
Inappropriate long-term management of retained and translocated hedgerows could lead to a decline in ecological value.
Negative, minor magnitude.
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Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Battlestead Hill Informal access into the LWS Temporary Minor adverse Development and implementation Negligible and the Rough could lead to disturbance of a site-wide Landscape and LWS inc. impacts including trampling Ecological Management Plan (Near- Battlestead Hill and setting of fires. Low risk (LEMP). certain) Ancient of increased air pollution and Woodland) nutrient deposition, although * considered unlikely to result in any measurable change to habitats or species.
Negative, minor magnitude. Other Non- No impacts predicted. N/A No impacts predicted No mitigation or compensation is None statutory Sites proposed. * * (Near- certain)
Habitats
Arable Lack of appropriate Temporary Minor adverse Development and implementation Minor management could cause the of a site-wide Landscape and beneficial biodiversity value to decline. Ecological Management Plan Lack of access management (LEMP). (Near- could lead to disturbance of Access management (e.g. fencing certain) management, and lack of and signage) will be used to maintenance could cause discourage access into the most * issues such as accumulation of sensitive habitat areas. litter which could impact habitats.
Negative, moderate magnitude.
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Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Broadleaved Lack of appropriate Temporary Minor adverse Development and implementation Minor plantation management could cause the of a site-wide Landscape and beneficial woodland biodiversity value to decline. Ecological Management Plan Lack of access management (LEMP). (Near- could lead to disturbance of Access management (e.g. fencing certain) management, and lack of and signage) will be used to maintenance could cause discourage access into the most * issues such as accumulation of sensitive habitat areas. litter which could impact habitats.
Negative, moderate magnitude. Hedgerows Lack of appropriate Temporary Minor adverse Development and implementation Minor management could cause the of a site-wide Landscape and beneficial biodiversity value to decline. Ecological Management Plan Lack of access management (LEMP). (Near- could lead to disturbance of Access management (e.g. fencing certain) management, and lack of and signage) will be used to maintenance could cause discourage access into the most * issues such as accumulation of sensitive habitat areas. litter which could impact habitats.
Negative, moderate magnitude.
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Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Newly created Lack of appropriate Temporary and Minor beneficial Beneficial effect – no mitigation Minor habitats management could cause the permanent proposed. beneficial biodiversity value to decline. Lack of access management (Near- could lead to disturbance of certain) management, and lack of maintenance could cause ------issues such as accumulation of litter which could impact habitats.
Negative, moderate magnitude. Species Badger Risk on increased disturbance Temporary and Negligible (adverse) Informal encroachment into the Negligible to badgers as a result of permanent adjacent woodland and scrub informal encroachment into habitats will be avoided though (Near- areas of badger habitat, and the implementation of a certain) * as a result of increased human programme of access and vehicle presence on site. management.
Negative, minor magnitude. Bats Operational phase lighting has Permanent Negligible The lighting scheme for the Negligible been designed in accordance Development has been designed with best practice principles to to minimise light spill onto (Near- ensure that key bat habitat boundary features, based on certain) features are kept dark. In ecological input provided. As increase in lighting on site will such, mitigation is embedded, and * occur, however potential no additional mitigation is fragmentation impacts are proposed. considered to be minimal.
Negligible magnitude.
25692/A5/ES2016ESAddendum January 2016 Branston Road High School Ecology and Nature Conservation
Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Birds (breeding) Potential operational phase Temporary Negligible (adverse) Access management (e.g. fencing Negligible disturbance as a result of and signage) will help to minimise increased human presence on encroachment into, and (Near- site, including potential disturbance of, sensitive habitats. certain) encroachment into sensitive Development and implementation habitats. Limited by the fact of a site-wide Landscape and that birds will habituate to Ecological Management Plan ambient disturbance and will (LEMP). select nest locations away * from high levels of continuous disturbance. Disturbance could also arise from inappropriate management, e.g. pruning nesting habitat during the nesting season.
Negative, minor magnitude. Birds Potential operational phase Temporary Negligible (adverse) Access management (e.g. fencing Negligible (wintering) disturbance as a result of and signage) will help to minimise increased human presence on encroachment into, and (Near- site, including potential disturbance of, sensitive habitats. certain) encroachment into sensitive Development and implementation habitats. Limited by the fact of a site-wide Landscape and that birds will habituate to Ecological Management Plan ambient disturbance and will (LEMP). select nest locations away * from high levels of continuous disturbance. Disturbance could also arise from inappropriate management, e.g. pruning nesting habitat during the nesting season.
Negative, minor magnitude.
25692/A5/ES2016ESAddendum January 2016 Branston Road High School Ecology and Nature Conservation
Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Terrestrial Potential for direct Temporary Negligible (adverse) Impacts will be mitigated through Negligible mammals interference or disturbance or a combination of access habitat areas, or for harm or management and the (Near- disturbance arising from development and implementation certain) inappropriate management of a LEMP to ensure that the Site and maintenance, e.g. is managed for biodiversity. This activities that could cause will include ensuring that any disturbance to hibernating management of habitats is hedgehogs, or allowing litter designed to minimise impacts on * to accumulate. Minor increase terrestrial mammal species. in risk of road mortality, however both polecat and hedgehog are nocturnal, and should be active when vehicle activity is negligible.
Negative, minor magnitude. Invertebrates Potential for inappropriate Temporary Minor adverse The proposed LEMP will be Negligible post-development designed to ensure that habitats management of habitats to are managed at the appropriate (Near- restrict the availability of time of year to maximise the certain) nectar sources for nectar resource, and will also invertebrate species. include proposals for rotational management to ensure that the Negative, minor magnitude. Site provides a balance of areas of long and short grass. Any dead * wood arising from arboricultural management will be retained on site to create habitat piles for invertebrates.
25692/A5/ES2016ESAddendum January 2016 Branston Road High School Ecology and Nature Conservation
Geographical Residual Importance* Effects and Confidence in Prediction Significance Potential Effect and Nature of Effect Mitigation / (Major/Modera Receptor (Major/Moderate/Minor) Magnitude (Permanent/Temporary) Enhancement Measures te/Minor) (Beneficial/Adverse/Negligible) I UK E R C B L (Beneficial/Adv erse/Negligible )
Cumulative Effects Construction - Net loss of habitat for Temporary Minor adverse None proposed Minor farmland birds adverse * (Near- certain) Branston Road Temporary disturbance and Temporary and Minor adverse (short Production and Negligible BAS translocation of sections of permanent term); negligible (long implementation of a hedgerow, and potential term) Construction Ecological (Probable) disturbance of retained Management Plan (CEcMP), to hedgerow sections. include detailed measures to Potential dust deposition ensure that construction and pollution incidents works are undertaken in during construction. accordance with best working practice, and that sensitive Increased length of ecological receptors are hedgerow to be lost due to identified and protected. This cumulative effect of both will include, for example, the * schemes. use of temporary protective fencing (e.g. Heras fencing) to Negative, moderate protect retained areas of the magnitude. BAS, and implementation of dust suppression measures.
A Hedgerow Translocation Strategy will be produced to provide detail regarding the translocation proposals. Operation - N/A - - - -
* Geographical Level of Importance
I = International; UK = United Kingdom; E = England; R = Regional; C = County; B = Borough; L = Local
25692/A5/ES2016ESAddendum January 2016 Branston Road High School Ecology and Nature Conservation
TECHNICAL APPENDICES
Appendix 6.1: Summary of Relevant Local Plan Policies
Appendix 6.2: Ecological Impact Assessment Drawings
A: Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Drawing C121262-ES-01: Summary of Nature Conservation Sites
B: Staffordshire Ecological Record – Nature Conservation Sites Within 2 km of Tatenhill
C: Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Drawing C121262-ES-02: Summary of Habitats
D: Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Drawing C121262-ES-03: Summary of Species
Appendix 6.3: Baseline Survey Reports (Updates to this Appendix can be seen in Appendix 1 of the ES Addendum).
A: Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Report RT-MME-121302-01-Rev A: Preliminary Ecological Assessment
B: Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Report RT-MME-121302-02-Rev A: Hedgerow Assessment
C: Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Report RT-MME-121302-03-Rev A: Daytime Bat Survey of Trees
D: Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Report RT-MME-121302-04-Rev A: Badger Survey
E: Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Report RT-MME-121302-05-Rev A: Great Crested Newt Habitat Suitability Index Assessment
F: Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Report RT-MME-121302-06-Interim: Winter Bird Survey – Interim Report
G: Apex Ecology Ltd Report HB/151118: Ecological Survey Report
H: Amey Report COSTCDX86201/ ECO1 Revision 4: 52206217/ ECO1 Revision 0: Preliminary Ecological Appraisal, Branston High School Access and Drop Off and Pick Up Facility. Branston Locks School Access and Car Park
25692/A5/ES2016ESAddendum January 2016 Branston Road High School Ecology and Nature Conservation
REFERENCES
1 Department for Communities and Local Government (2012). National Planning Policy Framework Chapter 11: Conserving and Enhancing the Natural Environment. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-planning-policy-framework--2
2 Department for Communities and Local Government (2014). Planning Practice Guidance: Natural Environment. Available: http://planningguidance.communities.gov.uk/blog/guidance/natural - environment/
3 East Staffordshire Borough Council (2015). Local Plan 2012-2031. Available: http://www.eaststaffsbc.gov.uk/planning/planning-policy/local-plan-2012-2031
4 Tatenhill Parish Council (no date). Tatenhill and Rangemore Parish Neighbourhood Development Plan. Available: http://www.tatenhillparishcouncil.org.uk/the-parish-council/neighbourhood- development-plan/
5 DEFRA (2011). Biodiversity 2020: A Strategy for England’s Wildlife and Ecosystem’s Services. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/biodiversity-2020-a-strategy-for-england-s- wildlife-and-ecosystem-services
6 IEEM. (2006). Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the United Kingdom. Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management. Winchester.
7 Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2010). Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey: A technique for environmental audit (reprint). Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.
8 Institute of Environmental Assessment. (1995). Guidelines for Baseline Ecological Assessment, Institute of Environmental Assessment. E&FN Spon, An Imprint of Chapman and Hall. London.
9 Stace, C. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles, Second Edition. Cambridge University Press.
10 HMSO (1997). The Hedgerow Regulations 1997. Available: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1160/contents/made
11 Clements DK and Tofts RJ (1992). Hedgerow Evaluation and Grading Systems (HEGS): A Methodology for the Ecological Survey, Evaluation and Grading of Hedgerows. Count ryside Planning and Management.
12 English Nature (2004). Bat Mitigation Guidelines. English Nature, Peterborough.
13 Hundt L. (2012) Bat Surveys: Good Practice Guidelines, 2nd Edition. Bat Conservation Trust, London.
14 Oldham R. S., Keeble, J., Swan, M. J. S. and Jeffcote, M. (2000). ‘Evaluating the suitability of habitat for the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus)’. Herptetological Journal 10 (4), 143-
15 Bibby, C.J. Burgess, N & Hill, D (1992). Bird Census Techniques. R.S.P.B. and B.T.O. joint publication. Academic Press.
16 Gunnell, K., Grant, G. and Williams, C. (2012). Landscape and Urban Design for Bats and Biodiversity. Bat Conservation Trust.
17 Box and Stanhope (2010). Translocating Wildlife Habitats: A Guide for Civil Engineers.
18 Durham County Council (2009). County Durham Landscape Guidelines: Hedges
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