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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project CRAIG DUNKERLEY Interviewed By: Charles

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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project CRAIG DUNKERLEY Interviewed By: Charles The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project CRAIG DUNKERLEY Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: March 15, 2004 Copyri ht 2012 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in isconsin, raised in several Midwest states Amherst College; Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Entered the Foreign Service in 1970 State Department, Foreign Service Institute .FSI/, 197001971 1ietnamese language study Da Nang, 1ietnam, Consular3Political Military 197101972 Economic development and assistance 5S military drawdown Civil Operations and Rural Development support .CORDS/ Consular cases Army of the Republic of 1ietnam .AR12/ development Comple8ity of situation 9eneral outlook :uang Tri Paris Cease Fire Accords Buddhists Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker Consul Frederick ;. Brown State Department, Staff Assistant, East Asia Bureau 197301974 Assistant Secretary Robert Ingersol Duties State Department, Desk Officer, Office of Japanese Affairs 197401975 JapanAs space program State Department, FSI; Japanese language study 197501976 Tokyo, Japan, Political Officer 19760197C Prime Minister Nakasone 1 Japan3China relations Japan3Soviet territorial disputes 5S military downsiDing in Eorea Carter statements Operations Japanese unease of 5S policy Ambassador Richard Snyder Ambassador Mike Mansfield Trade Japan3Republic of Eorea .ROE/ relations 2orth Eorea Japan3Taiwan relations 2orthern Territories Fokohama, Japan, Japanese language study 197C01979 Fukuoka, Japan; Principal Officer 1979019C1 Eyushu Island Eyushu0Shanghai projects Accidental submarine collision 5SS 9eorge ashington Environment Local media 5S military presence 2ew Fork City, International Affairs Fellow; Council on 19C1019C2 Foreign Relations Speaking engagements, East Asia topics State Department, Office of Soviet Affairs, Europe0Canada 19C2019C4 Bureau .E5R/, Political3Military Soviet35S issues Arms control strategy debate 5S0Soviet competition Arms Control negotiations EAL 007 airliner shoot0down Europeans and arms controls Soviet strategies 5S0Soviet Hotline State Department, E5R Bureau; NATO Affairs 19C4019C6 Assistant Secretary Rick Burt 2ATO Consultative 9roup .SC9/ GAlliance ManagementH The French The 9ermans Allied consultations 2 ShultD09romyko 19C5 meeting Allied missile deployment Soviet missile deployments SS020 bases 5S0Soviet arms discussions Soviet political and economic problems Strategic Defense Initiative .SDI/ State Department, Policy Planning Staff; Speech riter for 19C6019C7 Secretary of State ShultD Marriage Reykjavik Conference ShultD 5niversity of Chicago speech Speech preparation process ShultD input Brussels, Belgium, 5nited States Mission to NATO; Deputy 19C701991 Political Advisor3 Political Advisor Elements and Nature of 5S Mission Ambassador illiam Taft I1 Arms Control Easing of East0 est tensions GComprehensive Concept for Arms ControlH Soviet views on arms reduction Soviet SS020 deployments Coordinated Alliance position French 9ermans British Fugoslav political stability East European developments Edward ShevardnadDe Scandinavians 9reece0Turkey 2orth Atlantic Council Operations Helsinki Final Act 5se of 5S government intelligence agencies 9orbachev Conventional Arms Forces in Europe .CFE/ treaty Fall of Berlin all 9erman fears re NATO future 2ATOAs future 2ATO Summit 1990 Sovereign and unified 9ermany ShevardnadDe visits NATO 3 IraI Invasion of Euwait OrganiDation for Security and Cooperation in Europe .OSCE/ Post0Desert Storm Department of State, Senior Seminar 199101992 1ienna, Austria, Deputy Head .DCM/, 5S Delegation to 199201995 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe .CSCE/ Helsinki Summit 1992 Members OrganiDation and objectives Ambassador John Eornblum Freedoms and Human Rights Multinational crisis teams 5S0French cooperation 2ewly independent states Bosnia OrganiDation background Duties of Deputy Chief of Mission E80Fugoslavia states Election observer missions Helsinki Final Act provisions 52 Belgrade sanctions European neutrals Fugoslavia GFriends of BosniaH Baltics GChairman in OfficeH Russians Armenia3ADerbaijan dispute Chechnya Collegiality Strobe Talbott State Department, Director, Office of European Security and 199501997 Political Affairs Richard Holbrooke Bosnia ar Srebrenica massacre 2ATO enlargement 2ATO0Russian cooperation Reform and transformation of NATO Dayton Peace Accords 2ATOAs e8panding role 5S leadership role Hungary 4 Partnership for Peace .PFP/ program High Commissioner role The French Eosovo Changes in 5S Russian policy RevitaliDing .CFE/ Strobe Talbott Special Envoy for Conventional Armed Forces in Europe .CFE/ 199702001 Team members Russian counterparts Reduction of Russian military presence 2ATO enlargement 2ATO0Russia relationship Turkey GFlank limitsH CFE treaty updating Russian demands re NATO Russian negotiations Madrid summit GBasic ElementsH document Turkey and Norway participation Congressional interest 1ienna Document Forces in former Fugoslavia Sweden and Finland Russian Federation Russian eIuipment withdrawal Adapted CFE Treaty signed .1999/ 2egotiating considerations Russian Norwegians E80Soviet nations Soviet troops in newly independent nations Differing national agendas 5S military reIuirements and constraints Russian view of NATO Chechnya Degradation of Russian military Future military risks 5S views on transparency 5S0Russian bilateral conversations Istanbul OSCE Summit Moldova Shrinking Soviet military presence 9eorgiaAs Russian military bases 5 GIstanbul CommitmentsH Treaty in operations State Department, Assistant Dean of the Senior Seminar 2001 The National Defense 5niversity; Professor, Near East South 200202003 Asia Center for Strategic Studies INTERVIEW $: Today is the 15th of March 2004, the Ides of March; this is an interview with Crai Dunkerley. This is bein done on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Trainin and I*m Charles Stuart Kennedy. When and where were you born, D52EERLEF, I was born in 1947 in the Midwest, in Milwaukee, isconsin. $: Tell me somethin about your mother*s side and your father*s side of the family. Where are the Dunkerleys from and what were they up to, D52EERLEF, My father, 9ordon Dunkerley, was a senior e8ecutive with Prudential Insurance. Both sides of the family came from the East, his from New Fork 0 New Jersey specifically. But, given the nature of his work, we spent a fair amount of time moving around the 5nited States. My mother, HaDel Stockman, a former librarian, was also from Massachusetts02ew Jersey area. I was a single child and grew up in a variety of places, Eansas, Ohio, Minnesota, going to elementary and then high school in different spots. After that, I went to Amherst College where I did four years of study getting a BA in history. $: Tell me a little about your early education. Were there any particular sub-ects or sports or activities that you were interested in before you got to colle eJ D52EERLEF, Not right away. By the time I got to college, I was particularly interested in history. I had always been a considerable reader 000 and I imagine thatAs where over time I developed an interest in that strange field, diplomacy. I remember early on reading for e8tra credit in high school 9arrett MattinglyAs book on the politics and diplomacy surrounding the Spanish Armada. And I also recall from that same time reading Harold 2icholsonAs book on Congress of 1ienna. I thought all of it fascinating history K but I didnAt make the connection back then to an eventual career for myself. $: .ou were at Amherst, when to when, D52EERLEF, I was at Amherst from 1965 to 1969. 6 $: I went to school near your area; I went to Williams, class of 1950. .ou were a history ma-or, any particular area of study, D52EERLEF, In my major, I focused primarily on European history, 19th and 20th Century. But I also did e8tensive readings in American history as well. At the same time, I spent a good of time active in drama at Amherst, reflecting a strong K and still continuing K interest in the theater. $: Did you get over to Europe at all, D52EERLEF, Fes, early on I went on an e8tended trip with high school classmates in K I believe K 1964, driving about for two months through 9reat Britain, France, Italy, SwitDerland, Austria and ending up in the Netherlands. $: Any impressions of what you wanted to do at that time, 1r did you run across the 2orei n Service at all, D52EERLEF, No, not really at all. My first e8posure to the Foreign Service came as I was preparing to leave Amherst. 9iven my interest in history I was increasingly steering toward some sort of engagement with international affairs. I applied for and was accepted at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy in Medford, Massachusetts, where I eventually received a Master of Arts. It was at that time I began to think more seriously about the Foreign Service as a possible job out of various alternatives. But I wasnAt fi8ed on it. I took the e8am, passed the written, and then K almost on a lark K took the oral e8am a few months later, passed that as well. Then at a certain point in late 1970 when I was starting to debate whether I should continue my graduate studies at Fletcher or actually go out in the world and get a job, the call came to invite me into the Foreign Service in the ne8t entering class. So all this was driven, first of all, by reading and then a growing interest in history which, over time, led me to a corresponding interest in the day to day workings of international affairs. $: How did you find Fletcher, They work hard to
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