DOCSLIB.ORG

John Kline and Civil War Martyrdom

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
John Kline and Civil War Martyrdom “Living and Moving Amongst Us Again”: John Kline and Civil War Martyrdo 1 Aaron D. Jerviss OVER the last 150 years, the story of cause. After presenting numerous examples John Kline has been well-told in Brethren of Kline remembrance, this essay will con - circles. For nearly three decades before the clude by placing John Kline’s memory in Civil War, Kline served the Brethren as a conversation with one respected scholar’s pastor, evangelist, and denominational criteria for establishing authentic martyr - leader. His opposition to both slavery and dom. The line between martyrology and secession, along with his efforts to secure hagiography can be a thin one, and, in Brethren exemption from the Confederate examining how the Brethren remembered military, however, made him suspect among John Kline, the adjective “hagiographic” his Rockingham County, Virginia, neigh - suggests a tension with, or even a contra - bors. Kline’s June 1864 murder at the hands diction of, long-cherished Brethren ideals, of Confederate irregulars continues to elicit such as simplicity and humility. Such termi - speculation and finger-pointing as armchair nology, however, remains appropriate only gumshoes (Brethren and otherwise) seek to because Kline’s death appeared to give the solve a puzzling “whodunit.” Considering Brethren a bonafide Civil War martyr. both his standing in Brethren leadership Throughout church history, martyrdom and the tragic circumstances surrounding has been a conceptually fluid notion. After his death, it is not difficult to see why, in the the fourth-century conversion of the Roman decades after his death, John Kline became emperor Constantine to Christianity, for the patron saint, in the truest sense of the example, a highly ascetic and often solitary phrase, of Brethren Civil War memory. This form of monasticism became “the new mar - article examines the Brethren martyrology tyrdom,” a way of distinguishing valid of John Kline in remembrance, poetic verse, Christianity from the fashionable Christiani - and song in the fifty years following the ty of the imperial court. According to one Civil War. On the one hand, Brethren adu - noted medieval scholar, the Late Middle lation of Kline reached back through the Ages became an era when “the patient centuries by likening Kline to the martyrs of endurance of suffering” replaced dying for the early Christian church and even biblical the faith as the essential prerequisite for giants of faith. At the same time, however, martyrdom. Transferring that latter under - John Kline was cast as a martyr in secular standing to nonresistants of the Civil War terms more easily grasped by post-Appo - era, one finds no shortage of martyrs. As mattox Americans: a soldier who “died at “patient sufferers,” the German Baptist his post,” a heroic Civil War-era crusader Brethren, Mennonites, and members of the who laid down his life for a valued personal Society of Friends lost property, watched as SPRING/SUMMER 2019 1 the state deprived them of basic liberties, officer by not “stopping bullets,” as and, in some cases, carried bodily scars as described by Cartland: “(Macon) seemed to remnants of physical torment for the rest of possess a charmed life. His comrades fell all their lives. A few did not live to see the end around him, their places being filled by oth - of the war. In his 1895 work Southern ers who wondered at the strange sight,—a Heroes , a lengthy description of the war man with plain citizen’s dress, having nei - time sufferings of North Carolina Friends, ther pistol, sword, nor gun, and no military cap nor coat, calmly filling his place in bat - Kline, the advocate of tle line, but taking no part.” 1 In a tragic turn of events, Isaiah Macon nonviolence, met a quite died a few days after the aforementioned battle as a captive in the Point Lookout violent end, and this prison. Cartland described Macon as “a re - markably sensitive lad” (a man so uncom - murder would, to fortable with “the sight of blood…that he would rather be excused from killing the subsequent generations fowls needed for his dinner”) and attributed his death to “mental suffering caused by his of Brethren, both elevate being taken from his loved ones, and by the terrible scenes of battle.” In another passage Kline beyond the status from Southern Friends , Cartland wrote, “In the experience of those Friends, and of oth - of mere denominational ers who were conscientious in their posi - “hero” and prove that tion in favor of peace, not only did (God) support them by his presence and power, Christian martyrdom but not one of all those who steadily refused to bear arms was permitted to come to a could and did occur violent death.” Fernando Cartland classified Isaiah Macon as a “good soldier” whose on American soi l. death advanced the cause of Christian peace, but was he a martyr? That was easier author Fernando Cartland told the tale of to prove in terms of suffering for the sake of the young Quaker conscript Isaiah Macon. righteousness rather than the more tradi - Even though Macon refused to pick up a gun tional notion of voluntary and violent death or wear a Confederate uniform, this draftee for a belief or cause. Without question, the still silently endured the atrocities of battle Civil War bore some responsibility for near Winchester, Virginia. Before combat killing Isaiah Macon, yet mental anguish ever began, a Confederate officer uttered, took the life of this young man rather than “If Macon will not fight, put him in the front bullets. With Cartland asserting that no to stop bullets for those who will.” Posi - Quaker died a violent wartime death, tioned at the front of the fighting, Macon Friends could celebrate the gallantry of witnessed “the fierce shouts and fearful Macon and, at the same time, demonstrate oaths of the combatants around him,” “the a special form of divine protection for those dreadful groans of wounded men and hors - espousing the peace viewpoint. In compar - es,” and “the gaping wounds made by shell, ison to Isaiah Macon, however, the death of shot and sword.” In spite of the increasing John Kline appears to be more of a literal carnage, Macon defied the prediction of his martyrdom. Kline, the advocate of nonvio - 2 BRETHREN LIFE & THOUGHT lence, met a quite violent end, and this mur - viewed Bowman’s death as tragic yet ran - der would, to subsequent generations of dom, a contingent accident of time and Brethren, both elevate Kline beyond the sta - space, based more on a refusal to part with tus of mere denominational “hero” and a horse than a defense of the faith. More prove that Christian martyrdom could and likely, Kline’s stature and longer length of did occur on American soil. 2 service within the denomination caused his Although Brethren recognized John Kline commemoration to overshadow the re- as the preeminent Civil War martyr, he was not the only Brethren figure to suffer a vio - As a Brethren pastor lent wartime death. John A. Bowman (1813– 1863) lived and ministered in Sullivan Coun - passed away, a Brethren ty, Tennessee, where his “more than ordi - nary” oratorical abilities made him a high - martyr was bor n. ly-esteemed preacher and a ubiquitous fig - ure presiding at countless local weddings membrance of Bowman. 3 and funerals. On September 8, 1863, sever - On the fateful day of Wednesday, June 15, al men wearing the uniforms of Confederate 1864, around 11:00 in the morning, the guns soldiers entered Bowman’s barn, located near of an unspecified number (most likely two Blountville, seeking saddle-horses. Bowman or three) of Confederate irregulars perched attempted to reason with the intruders, and above the roadside fired several bullets into the 1907 Brethren history The Olive Branch John Kline as he rode atop his beloved mare described the ensuing confrontation: “(Bow - “Old Nell” after a morning of Rockingham man) implored them not to take his horse, as County errand-running. In a region and he very greatly stood in need of his service, time increasingly numbed by violence and and during the time he gently laid his hand loss of life, Brethren quickly ascertained upon the horse’s mane, whereupon one of that this was no ordinary wartime death. the soldiers drew his gun and shot him Annie Zigler Bowman (1849–1935), a dead.” Thus, a shot fired by “a thoughtless, Shenandoah Valley resident and acquain - reckless man in the garb of a soldier” cut tance of Kline, remembered the loyalty of short the life of “a useful servant of the Nell in securing assistance for her longtime Lord.” In 1912, Brethren biographers Miller traveling companion: “…it was her contin - and Royer used even more laudatory lan - ued nickerings that brought help when her guage when remembering Bowman’s death: master was brought down by the wicked “That sharp musket-shot penetrated many bullet and lay dead in the road. She never homes and touched many hearts, as the left his side but nickered again and again as dastardly deed of the assassin was borne on if she would arouse him to go home. The the still morning air by the pitiful grief and neighbors heard this nickering up in the moans of his loving companion and dear woods, and went to see what it meant.” For children. He truly died a martyr’s death.” others, the final lasting impression of John The practice of nonresistance provided the Kline was the smile gracing Kline’s face as proof of Bowman’s death for an explicitly he sojourned into the eternal. Benjamin spiritual cause: “It is well known that the Funk, the editor of The Life and Labors of position he took in favor of peace and Elder John Kline, the Martyr Missionary , against war made him enemies among a vouched, “The writer’s own eyes witnessed certain class.” In general, however, Brethren this.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Theories of Sacrifice and Ritual
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Inventing the Scapegoat: Theories of Sacrifice and Ritual Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/055689pg Journal Journal of Ritual Studies, 25(1) Author Janowitz, Naomi Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Inventing the Scapegoat: Theories of Sacrifice and Ritual No figure appears in studies of sacrifice more often than the scapegoat. Numerous societies, the argument goes, have a seemingly innate need to purge sins via an innocent victim. The killing of this victim constitutes the core of sacrifice traditions; explaining the efficacy of these rites outlines in turn the inner workings of all sacrifices, if not all rituals. I do not believe, however, that the enigmatic figure of the scapegoat can support a universal theory of sacrifice, especially if the general term “scapegoat” turns out refer to a variety of rituals with very different goals. Rene Girard’s extremely influential theory of the scapegoat includes a biological basis for the importance of the figure (Girard, 1977). According to Girard, humans are naturally aggressive, a la Konrad Lorenz. This innate aggression was channeled into an unending series of attacks and counterattacks during the earliest periods of history. A better outlet for aggression was to find a scapegoat whose death would stop the cycle of retribution (p. 2). For Girard, Oedipus was a human scapegoat, placing this model 2 at the center of Greek culture in addition to Biblical religious traditions (p. 72). Jonathan Smith’s observations on Girard’s model in “The Domestication of Sacrifice” are both simple and devastating (1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Myron S. Principies 01 Biblical Interpretation in Mennonite Theology
    Augsburger, Myron S. PrincipIes 01 Biblical Interpretation in Mennonite Theology. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1967. Bauman, Clarence. The Spiritual Legacy 01 Hans Denck: Interpretation and Translation 01Key Texts. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1991. Beachy, Alvin J. The Concept 01 Grace in the Radical Relormation. Nieuw- koop: DeGraaf, 1977. Beahm, William M. Studies in Christian Belief Elgin, IlI.: Brethren Press, 1958. Bender, Harold S. Two Centuries 01 American Mennonite Literature, 1727-1928. Goshen, Ind.: Mennonite Historical Society, 1929. Bender, Harold S., ed. Hutterite Studies: Essays by Robert Friedmann. Goshen, Ind.: Mennonite Historical Society, 1961. Bender, Harold S., et al. The Mennonite Encyclopedia. 5 vols. 1955, 1959, 1990. Bittinger, Emmert F. Heritage and Promise: Perspectives on the Church olthe Brethren. Elgin, IlI.: Brethren Press, 1970. Bittinger, Emmert F., ed. Brethren in Transition: 20th Century Directions & Dilemmas. Camden, Maine: Penobseot Press, 1992. Bowman, Carl F. A Profile 01the Church 01the Brethren. Elgin, IL: Brethren Press, 1987. Bowman, Carl F. "Beyond Plainness: Cultural Transformation in the Chureh of the Brethren from 1850 to the Present." Ph.D. Dissertation: University of Virginia, 1989. Bowman, Carl F. Brethren Society: The Cultural Translormation ola "Peculiar People". Baltirnore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Bowman, Rufus D. The Church olthe Brethren and War: 1708-1941. Elgin, IlI.: Brethren Publishing House, 1944. Brethren Encyclopedia. The Brethren Encyclopedia. Three Vols. Philadelphia and Oak Brook, IlI.: The Brethren Eneyclopedia, Ine., 1983. Brethren Publishing. The Brethren 's Tracts and Pamphlets, Setting Forth the Claims 01Primitive Christianity. Vol. I. Gish Fund Edition. Elgin, IlI.: Brethren Publishing House. Brethren Publishing. Full Report 01 Proceedings 01 the Brethren 's Annual Meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • Gajah 35 (2011)
    NUMBER 35 2011 GAJAHJournal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group GAJAH Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group Number 35 (2011) The journal is intended as a medium of communication on issues that concern the management and conservation of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) both in the wild and in captivity. It is a means by which members of the AsESG and others can communicate their experiences, ideas and perceptions freely, so that the conservation of Asian elephants can benefit. All articles published in Gajah reflect the individual views of the authors and not necessarily that of the editorial board or the AsESG. The copyright of each article remains with the author(s). Editor Jayantha Jayewardene Biodiversity and Elephant Conservation Trust 615/32 Rajagiriya Gardens Nawala Road, Rajagiriya Sri Lanka [email protected] Editorial Board Dr. Richard Barnes Dr. Prithiviraj Fernando Ecology, Behavior & Evolution Section Centre for Conservation and Research Division of Biological Sciences MC-0116 35 Gunasekara Gardens University of California at San Diego Nawala Road La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 Rajagiriya USA Sri Lanka e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Jennifer Pastorini Heidi Riddle Centre for Conservation and Research Riddles Elephant & Wildlife Sanctuary 35 Gunasekara Gardens P.O.Box 715 Nawala Road, Rajagiriya Greenbrier, Arkansas 72058 Sri Lanka USA e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Alex Rübel Arnold Sitompul Direktor Zoo Zürich Conservation Science Initiative Zürichbergstrasse 221 Jl. Setia Budi Pasar 2 CH - 8044 Zürich Komp. Insan Cita Griya Blok CC No 5 Switzerland Medan, 20131 e-mail: [email protected] Indonesia e-mail:[email protected] GAJAH Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group Number 35 (2011) This publication of Gajah was financed by the International Elephant Foundation Editorial Note Articles published in Gajah may be used, distributed and reproduced in any medium, provided the article is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • The Right to Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia
    THE RIGHT TO ASSISTED SUICIDE AND EUTHANASIA NEIL M. GORSUCH* I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 600 I. THE COURTS ............................................................. 606 A. The Washington Due Process Litigation............ 606 1. The Trial Court ...................... 606 2. The Ninth Circuit Panel Decision ............. 608 3. The En Banc Court ...................................... 609 B. The New York Equal ProtectionLitigation ........ 611 1. The Trial Court ........................................... 611 2. The Second Circuit ..................................... 612 C. The Supreme Court............................................. 613 1. The Majority Opinion ................................. 614 2. The Concurrences ....................................... 616 D. The Consequences ofGlucksberg and Quill .... 619 III. ARGUMENTS FROM HISTORY ................................... 620 A. Which History?................................................... 620 B. The Ancients ....................................................... 623 C. Early Christian Thinkers .................................... 627 D. English Common Law ......................................... 630 E. ColonialAmerican Experience........................... 631 F. The Modern Consensus: Suicide ........................ 633 G. The Modern Consensus: Assisting Suicide and Euthanasia.......................................................... 636 IV. ARGUMENTS FROM FAIRNESS .................................. 641 A . Causation...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fragments on the Resurrection
    FRAGMENTS OF THE LOST WORK OF JUSTIN ON THE RESURRECTION Public domain. Formatting by www.basilica.org. Copyright free. FRAGMENTS OF THE LOST WORK OF JUSTIN ON THE RESURRECTION • CHAP. I.—THE SELF-EVIDENCING POWER OF TRUTH. • CHAP. II.—OBJECTIONS TO THE RESURRECTION OF THE FLESH. • CHAP. III.—IF THE MEMBERS RISE, MUST THEY DISCHARGE THE SAME FUNCTIONS AS NOW? • CHAP. IV.—MUST THE DEFORMED RISE DEFORMED? • CHAP. V.—THE RESURRECTION OF THE FLESH IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE. • CHAP. VI.—THE RESURRECTION CONSISTENT WITH THE OPINIONS OF THE PHILOSOPHERS. • CHAP. VII.—THE BODY VALUABLE IN GOD'S SIGHT. • CHAP. VIII.—DOES THE BODY CAUSE THE SOUL TO SIN? • CHAP. IX.—THE RESURRECTION OF CHRIST PROVES THAT THE BODY RISES. • CHAP. X.—THE BODY SAVED, AND WILL THEREFORE RISE. FRAGMENTS OF THE LOST WORK OF JUSTIN ON THE RESURRECTION [TRANSLATED BY THE REV. M. DODS, M.A.] CHAP. I.—THE SELF-EVIDENCING POWER OF TRUTH. THE word of truth is free, and carries its own authority, disdaining to fall under any skilful argument, or to endure the logical scrutiny of its hearers. But it would be believed for its own nobility, and for the confidence due to Him who sends it. Now the word of truth is sent from God; wherefore the freedom claimed by the truth is not arrogant. For being sent with authority, it were not fit that it should be required to produce proof of what is said; since neither is there any proof beyond itself, which is God. For every proof is more powerful and trustworthy than that which it proves; since what is disbelieved, until proof is produced, gets credit when such proof is produced, and is recognised as being what it was stated to be.
    [Show full text]
  • Brethren Pastors Attend First Latino Leaders Meeting of Christian Churches Together
    ~~-® .~~~ HILLCREST A REMARKABLE RETIREMENT COMMUNITY® PEACEFULLY. SIMPLY. TOGETHER. HILLCREST. Residential I Assisted I Memory Care I Skilled 2705 Mountain View Drive I La Verne, California I 909-392-4375 www.LivingatHillcrest.org DSS #191501662 I COA #069 CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN ESSENGER Editor: Randy Miller Publisher: Wendy McFadden News: Cheryl Brumbaugh-Cayford Subscriptions: Diane Stroyeck Design: The Concept Mill December 2014 voL.163 No. 10 www.BRETHREN.oRG Beyond the stained glass ceiling 8 The corporate world's "glass ceiling" represents the invisible barrier that keeps women from realizing their full leadership potential. To what extent does the church have its own version of that ceiling? Advent ponderings 12 Although violence and despair appear more prevalent in the world than ever, Advent offers a reason to hope in a season of hope. Anticipating things unseen 13 "Travel teaches," says former Mission and Ministry Board chair Ben Barlow. Sometimes its lessons can be found even in strands of rebar sprouting high atop unfinished buildings, signifying the promise of a brighter future. The shadows lengthen 17 Musings about the good that can be found in both the light and the dark-sparked by a column in these very pages a few months back-sparked the idea for this new hymn from Jay Weaver. Waking up on a silent night 18 Christmas Eve can be so tradition-driven and predictable that we risk missing the message. What will wake us from our sleeping in heavenly peace? departments 2 FROM THE PUBLISHER 20 NEWS 27 LETTERS 3 INTOUCH 24 MEDIA REVIEW 29 TURNING POINTS 6 REFLECTIONS 26 LIVING SIMPLY 30 INDEX 7 THE BUZZ 32 EDITORIAL - FromthePublisher used to be amused at how easily my father could get How to reach us I distracted by an old newspaper.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 3 9 Catalog
    LANCASTER MENNONITE HISTORICAL SOCIETY’S BENEFIT AUCTION OF RARE, OUT-OF-PRINT, AND USED BOOKS FRIDAY, MARCH 9, 2018, AT 6:30 P.M. TEL: (717) 393-9745; FAX: (717) 393-8751; EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: http://www.lmhs.org/ The Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society will conduct an auction on March 9, 2018, at 2215 Millstream Road, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, one-half mile east of the intersection of Routes 30 and 462. The sale dates for the remainder of 2018 are as follows: May 11, July 13, September 14 and November 9. Please refer to the last page of the catalog for book auction procedures. Individual catalogs are available from the Society for $5.00 + $3.00 postage and handling. Persons who wish to be added to the mailing list for the rest of 2018 may do so by sending $15.00 with name and address to the Society. Higher rates apply for subscribers outside of the United States. All subscriptions expire at the end of the calendar year. The catalog is also available for free on our web site at www.lmhs.org/auction.html. 1. Bender, Harold S. Conrad Grebel, c. 1498-1526, the Founder of the Swiss Brethren, Sometimes Called Anabaptists. Studies in Anabaptist and Mennonite History, no. 6, vol. 1. Goshen, Ind.: Mennonite Historical Society, 1950. xvi, 326pp (b/w ill, bib, ind, copy of author, syp, gc). 2. Friedmann, Robert. Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries: Its Genius and Its Literature. Studies in Anabaptist and Mennonite History, no. 7. Goshen, Ind.: Mennonite Historical Society, 1949. xv, [i], 287pp (fp, b/w ill, bib, ind, presentation copy signed by author, syp, gc).
    [Show full text]
  • '-" Gran a Rapids=------Remarkable Residents
    Grappling with issues in ------------'-" Gran a Rapids=----------- Remarkable Residents { Residenis Jerry & Berkley Davis } Jerry and Berkley Davis are very involved at Hillcrest, participating in several --;:/:J,$,;y-~ / aspects of campus life. Jerry heads up --® Channel 3, the community's in-house television station, while Berkley serves on the management team of the Hill­ HILLCREST crest gift shop and assists with the production of "Hillcrest Happenings;' the community's resident newsletter. "There is more to do and learn here ...........................................A Remarkable Brethren Community than one can imagine;' says Jerry:' "I think we made agood choice in Hillcrest!" • In following our Brethren roots of Peacefully, Simply, Together • On-site full-time Chaplain, vesper services { Resident Shanti111lBhagat } "Hillcrest, a model community for • Three Brethren churches within 5 miles of Hillcrest retirement: orderly not chaotic, • University of La Verne is walking distance from Hillcrest and unambiguously secure living with offers senior audit programs caring residents, friendly responsive associates and staff, top-rated • The Interfaith Festival, Doctor's Symphony and shuttles to physical facilities for swimming, cultural art activities exercising, dining, nursing and healthcare. You are in experienced hands at Hillcrest, why go anywhere else?" • Community Gardens • Great location, campus and weather ........................................... • Hillcrest offers all levels of care. You will be welcomed with { Chaplain TamHostetler} open arms and enjoy the love and comfort of lifelong friends! "Hillcrest. .. what a great place to live and work! As chaplain, I am privileged to participate in the spiritual life of many of the residents and the community as a whole. Opportunities abound for worship at all levels of care; bible studies, phone devotions, sharing and inspiration to meet a variety of needs and ,expectations.
    [Show full text]
  • 2005 09 09 Catalog
    LANCASTER MENNONITE HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S 209TH BENEFIT AUCTION OF RARE, OUT-OF-PRINT, AND USED BOOKS FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 2005, AT 6:30 P.M. TEL: (717) 393-9745; FAX: (717) 393-8751; EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: http://www.lmhs.org/ The Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society will conduct its 209th auction on September 9, 2005, at 2215 Millstream Road, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, one-half mile east of the intersection of Routes 30 and 462. The remaining sale for 2005 will be held on December 9. The auction not only specializes in local and denominational history and genealogy of southeastern Pennsylvania, but also includes theological works and other types of material of interest to the nationwide constituency. Please refer to the last page of the catalog for book auction procedures. Individual catalogs are available from the Society for $8.00 ($4.00 for Society members) + $3.00 postage and handling. The catalog is also available for free on our web site at www.lmhs.org/auction.html . Absentee bids should be in rounded dollar amounts. For example, an absentee bid of $20.50 is not acceptable; it should be simply $20.00 or $21.00. Any absentee bids received that are not in rounded dollar amounts will be rounded downward to the nearest dollar. Absentee bids for the book auction cannot be accepted the day of the sale. In order for absentee bids to be considered they must be received by 4:30 p.m. (EST), Thursday, the day before the sale. If you desire a complete listing of prices realized for this sale, please send $4.00 plus $1.00 postage/handling along with your request to the Society; or visit our website at www.lmhs.org/auction.html following the sale.
    [Show full text]
  • Justin Martyr's Sunday Worship Statement: a Forged Appendix
    Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, 12/2 (Autumn 2001): 1Ð15. Article copyright © 2001 by William H. Shea. Justin MartyrÕs Sunday Worship Statement: A Forged Appendix William H. Shea There is a famous passage in the First Apology of Justin Martyr that has commonly been taken as clear evidence for weekly Sunday worship conducted by Christians in Rome in the middle of the second century A. D. The passage in question, Chapter 67, reads as follows: And on the day called Sunday, all who live in cities or in the country gather together to one place, and the memoirs of the apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as long as time permits; then, when the reader has ceased, the president verbally instructs, and ex- horts to the imitation of these good things, Then we all rise together and pray, and, as we before said, when our prayer is ended, bread and wine and water are brought, and the president in like manner offers prayers and thanksgivings, according to his ability, and the people as- sent, saying, Amen; and there is a distribution to each, and a partici- pation of that over which thanks have been given, and to those who are absent a portion is sent by the deacons. And those who are well to do, and willing, give what each thinks fit; and what is collected is de- posited with the president, who succours the orphans and widows, and those who, through sickness or any other cause, are in want, and those who are in bonds, and the strangers sojourning among us, and in a word takes care of all who are in need.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Saints and Symbols in Stained Glass
    Guide to Saints and Symbols in Stained Glass In churches and chapels, stained glass windows help create the sense of a sacred space. Stained glass windows of the saints can provide worshipers with inspirational illustrations of the venerated. The various saints may be depicted in stained glass either symbolically or in scenes from their lives. One of the challenges facing church designers, building committees and pastors doing church construction or remodeling is finding the right stained Saint Matthew Saint Mark glass images for your church or chapel. Panel #1001 Panel #1000 To help you, Stained Glass Inc. offers the largest selection of stained glass in the world. You will find Stained Glass Inc. windows to be of the finest quality, affordable and custom made to the size and shape of your window. If your church or organization is looking for a stained glass window of a saint, we can help. Not all the saints are listed here. If you are looking for a particular saint and you don’t find him or her listed here, just contact us, we can create a stained glass artwork for you. Saint Luke Saint John Panel #1005 Panel #1006 4400 Oneal, Greenville, TX • Phone: (903) 454-8376 [email protected] • www.StainedGlassInc.com To see more Saints in stained glass, click here: http://stainedglassinc.com/religious/saints-and-angels/saints.html The following is a list of the saints and their symbols in stained glass: Saint Symbol in Stained Glass and Art About the Saint St. Acathius may be illustrated in Bishop of Melitene in the third century.
    [Show full text]
  • Debate on Euthanasia (Pros and Cons)
    UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA PORTUGUESA FACULDADE DE TEOLOGIA MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM TEOLOGIA (1.º grau canónico) JOSEPH PAKHU DEBATE ON EUTHANASIA (PROS AND CONS) Dissertação Final sob orientação de: PROF. FAUSTO GOMEZ, O.P., S.Th.D Lisboa 2015 APPROVAL SHEET DEBATE ON EUTHANASIA (PROS AND CONS) JOSEPH PAKHU, OP Chairman:____________________________________________________________________ Examiner:____________________________________________________________________ Supervisor:____________________________________________________________________ ACKNOWLEDGMENT With the writing of this thesis, my time as a USJ student is about to end. At the end of this journey, I have to say “thank you.” I’d like to say “thank you” above all to God, because through his grace and blessing I have managed to accomplish this research paper. Moreover, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the many wonderful people accompanied me and helped me in one way or another throughout these few years as a USJ student. In particular, I wish to thank the USJ Faculty of Religious Studies, its staff, and all the professors who shared their knowledge with us students, including Fr. Fausto Gomez O.P who has supervised me throughout this journey of writing my thesis. I am sincerely thankful to him for his time and generosity. In the second place, I like to thank also all the Dominican priests here in Macau who have walked with me and taken care of my needs as a Dominican Student brother. Also I give many thank, to all my Dominican brothers and sisters as well as to my other classmates. Indeed, it has been a good learning experience with all during these several years. I wish them all the best in your studies and life.
    [Show full text]