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Geology of Northern Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gunnery Range, Nye County, Nevada

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Geology of Northern Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gunnery Range, Nye County, Nevada Geology of Northern Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gunnery Range, Nye County, Nevada GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 651 Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Geology of Northern Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gunnery Range, Nye County, Nevada By E. B. EKREN, R. E. ANDERSON, C. L. ROGERS, and D. C. NOBLE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 651 Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Stratigraphy and structure of 2^OO-square-mile area of dominantly Tertiary volcanic rocks in the Great Basin, with brief descriptions of small mines and prospects UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1971 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 73-609556 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract..-._______________________________________ 1 Stratigraphy Continued Introduction. ______________________________________ 2 Tertiary Continued Location and geography_____-___--______________ 2 Rocks between the tuff, etc. Continued Purpose and scope of the investigation.___________ 3 Older rocks of Mount Helen______________ 40 Climate, vegetation, and wildlife._________________ 3 Tuff of Wilsons Camp___________________ 42 Fieldwork and acknowledgments._________________ 4 Intrusive rocks of the central core of the Previous work__________________________________ 4 Cactus Range.____._____________----- 43 Stratigraphy.______________________________________ 4 Rhyolite of White Ridge and tuffaceous Precambrian_ __________________________________ 6 rocks_ _____-_------------------___--- 49 Lower Precambrian gneiss and schist of Trapp- Fraction Tuff and related rocks ____________ 50 man Hills area___________________________ 6 Fraction Tuff.______________----------- 50 Upper Precambrian Stirling Quartzite_ _______ 6 Tuffaceous conglomerate and debris flows_ _ 52 Precambrian and Cambrian Wood Canyon For­ Sedimentary rocks and bedded tuff_ _________ 55 mation- _____________________________________ Belted Range___._________-_-__-------- 55 Cambrian_ _ __________________________________ 10 Cactus Range.__________________------- 55 Zabriskie Quartzite_________________________ 10 Mount Helen____-_-_-_----------------- 56 Carrara(?) Formation.______________________ 10 Rhyolite of O'Briens Knob --------------- 56 Limestone, silty limestone, and shale of Middle Rhvolite of Cactus Peak___-__--------------- 57 Cambrian age____________________________ 12 Rhyolite of Belted Peak and Ocher Ridge. 58 Bonanza King Formation.___________________ 13 Rhyolite and coarse porphyritic rhyolite of un­ Nopah Formation.__________________________ 14 certain age._-____-__--------------------- 58 Ordovician_ _ ___________________________________ 15 Andesite of Stonewall Flat-_________--------- 59 Pogonip Group.____________________________ 15 Tuff of Tolicha Peak____---------_---------- 59 Goodwin Limestone,____________________ 15 Rhyolite of Quartz Mountain._________------ 60 Ninemile Formation.___________________ 16 Younger volcanic rocks ________-_--------- 60 Antelope Valley Limestone-______________ 16 Belted Range Tuff and associated lavas Eureka Quartzite._________________________ 17 and tuffs_ --------------------------- 61 Ely Springs Dolomite.______________________ 18 Ash-fall and reworked tuff-__-_-_-------- 63 Ordovician and Silurian dolomite_________________ 19 Rhyolite of Area 20, Pahute Mesa_ -_-_ 63 Silurian and Devonian dolomite of the Spotted 63 Range_ ____________________________________ Paintbrush Tuff.. ______-_- 19 64 Devonian._____________________________________ 20 Latite of south Kawich Valley _________ 64 Nevada Formation._________________________ 20 Timber Mountain Tuff__--_------------- Limestone and dolomite-_-___--___--________ 21 Basalt of Stonewall Mountain area _____ 64 Devonian and Mississippian-____________________ 21 Younger rocks of Mount Helen___________ 65 Eleana Formation._________________________ 21 Fanglomerate of Trappman Hills_________ 65 Eleana(?) Formation in the Cactus Range____ 23 Thirsty Canyon Tuff and associated lavas__ 65 Mesozoic(?) granite..___________________________ 24 Basalt of Basalt Ridge_ ----------------- 66 Tertiary-______________________________________ 24 Tertiary and Quaternary.-________--------------- 67 Fan glomerate. _____________________________ 25 Basalt_ _____-___-_------------------------- 67 Monotony Tuff___________________________ 25 67 Sedimentary rocks of Cedar Pass area.________ Alluvium and colluvium. -------------------- 27 67 Tuffs of Antelope Springs.-__ ________ ________ 29 Structure.______________ -__---_------------------- Shingle Pass Tuff________ ___________________ 31 General setting-_______------------------------- 67 Lacustrine sedimentary rocks of the Cactus Belted Range block-_________-_------------- 69 Range_ __________________________________ 32 Pre-Tertiary folds and thrust faults----------- 69 Tuff and rhyolite of Gold Flat________________ 32 Gravity slide blocks --------------------- 70 Tuff of White Blotch Spring_________________ 32 Normal faults-_______---------------------- 70 Rocks between the tuff of White Blotch Spring Kawich Range-Quartzite Mountain block------_--- 71 and Fraction Tuff _ ___________________ 35 Cactus Range.______--------------------------- 72 Zeolitized bedded tuff and sedimentary The Mellan Hills__-_-_------------------------- 74 rocks______________ __________________ 35 76 Lavas and intrusive rocks of intermediate Trappman Hills- ------------------------------- 76 composition. _ ________________________ 37 Mount Helen ______---------------- ----- in IV CONTENTS Structure Continued Page Page Black Mountain._________ 77 Potential sites for underground nuclear testing_________ 80 Pahute Mesa___---------- 78 Alluvium-filled basins._-_____--_-____--_-_______ 80 Mines and mining. ___________ 78 Nonwelded and partially welded zeolitized tuff_____ 81 Antelope Springs district... 78 Welded tuff___________________________ 81 Trappman Hills-__-____-_ 79 Basement rocks and granite____-___-_-___________ 81 Gold Crater_____ __.. 79 Measured sections.__-________-_---_____-_____-_--__ 82 Gold Reed (Kawich)______ 79 Drillers' logs of water wells in mapped area.___________ 84 Silverbow (Tickabo) mines- 80 References. ________________________________________ 85 Suggestions for prospecting. 80 Index. _____-.._____._.____________ 89 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Geologic and Bouguer gravity map and sections of the northern part of Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gunnery Range, Nye County, Nev__________________________________.._--_---_--_---_-.---_-__- In pocket FIGURE 1. Index map showing location of studied area and major physiographic features-____________________________ 2 2. Photograph of widest part of Limestone Ridge on the west flank of the Belted Range. ________________________ 16 3. Map showing distribution of the Monotony Tuff________________________________________________________ 25 4. Plot of normative albite-anorthite-orthoclase ratios of Monotony Tuff, tuff of White Blotch Spring, lava^ of intermediate composition exclusive of rocks from Mount Helen, and rocks from Mount Helen.__________ 27 5. Photograph of outcrop of tuff of White Blotch Spring,_______-______._,_____________-____-_____--__---_ 34 6. Photograph of specimen of pumice-rich tuff of White Blotch Spring______________________________________ 35 7. Photograph of outcrops of quartz-latite porphyry laccolith and tuff of White Blotch Spring_________________ 45 8. Plot of FeO:Na2O + K2O:MgO ratios of intrusive rocks from the core of the Cactus Range,________________ 46 9. Plot of CaO:Na2O:K2O ratios of intrusive rocks from the core of the Cactus Range_______________________ 48 10. Plot of normative albite-anorthite-orthoclase ratios of intrusive rocks from the core of the Cactus Range_____ 49 11. Columnar section and thin-section petrography of Fraction Tuff near Trailer Pass in southern Kawich Range._--_--______________________________________________-______--_-___---_____---_-----__-. 53 12. Plot of normative albite-anorthite-orthoclase ratios of Fraction Tuff and rhyolite of O'Briens Knob_________ 57 13. Photographs of feeder plug located about 2J/£ miles south-southwest of Belted Peak-______________________ 58 14. Photograph of hand specimen of Grouse Canyon Member of Belted Range Tuff showing foliation and lithic inclusions.______________________________________-____-__-___---___---____---_----_-----_ 63 15. Map showing the Walker Lane-Las Vegas shear zone and trends of the ranges in the Basin and Range province.-_-___________________________._____-___________-___-___---_-_____-_-___-_-_-___---_ 68 16. Photograph of gravity-slide blocks in northern part of Limestone Ridge, Belted Range_-_-___-_-___--__---_ 71 TABLES Page TABLE 1. Rainfall and temperature at Goldfield and Tonopah, Nev__________________________-------_------------ 3 2. Plants in the northern Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gunnery Range.__________--____-_------------ 3 3. Major geologic rock units in the northern Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gunnery Range._____________ 5 4. Chemical analyses and norms of Monotony Tuff______________-____________---__--_----_--------------- 27 5. Summary of potassium-argon ages for volcanic strata in and near Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gurnery Range_______ ________________________________________________________________________ 28 6-9. Chemical analyses and norms: 6. Tuff of
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