DOCSLIB.ORG

References 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
References 2018 References 2018 REFERENCES Abrams, S. A., Griffin, I. J., Hawthorne, K. M., & Ellis, K. J. (2007). Effect of prebiotic supplementation and calcium intake on body mass index. Journal of Pediatrics, the, 151(3), 293-298. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds .2007.03. 043 Adam, T. C. M., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2005). Glucagon-like peptide-1 release and satiety after a nutrient challenge in normal-weight and obese subjects. British Journal of Nutrition, 93(6), 845-851. doi:10.1079/BJN20041335 Adibi, P., Behzad, E., Pirzadeh, S., & Mohseni, M. (2007). Bowel habit reference values and abnormalities in young iranian healthy adults. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 52(8), 1810-1813. doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9509-2 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (2009). The Regulation of Health Claims in Advertising for Functional Foods and Natural Health Products in Canada and the United States. Studies in health care policy. The Fraser Institute. Retrieved From: http://www4.agr.gc.ca / AAFC-AAC/display-afficher.do?id=1171305207040 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (2009). What are Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals? Government of Canada. Retrieved From: http://www4.agr.gc.ca / AAFC-AAC/display-afficher.do?id=1171305207040. Aït‐Aissa, A., & Aïder, M. (2014). Lactulose: Production and use in functional food, medical and pharmaceutical applications. practical and critical review. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 49(5), 1245-1253. doi:10.1111/ijfs.12465 Akiko Okifuji and Bradford D Hare (2015). The association between chronic pain and obesity. Journal of Pain Research, 2015(default), 399-408. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S55598 Alcácera, M. A., Marques-Lopes, I., Fajó-Pascual, M., Puzo, J., Blas Pérez, J., Bes- Rastrollo, M., & Martínez-González, M. Á. (2008). Lifestyle factors associated with BMI in a spanish graduate population: The SUN study. Obesity Facts, 1(2), 80-87. doi:10.1159/000124237 Amar, J., Burcelin, R., Ruidavets, J. B., Cani, P. D., Fauvel, J., Alessi, M. C., . Ferriéres, J. (2008). Energy intake is associated with endotoxemia in apparently healthy men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87(5), 1219-1223. ASSUDANI & SHETH Page 316 References 2018 doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1219 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE, 2017). Jeffrey I. Mechanick; Daniel L. Hurley; W. Timothy Garvey. Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease as a New Diagnostic Term: The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College Of Endocrinology Position Statement. Endocrine Practice, 23(3), 372-378. American College of Endocrinology (ACE, 2017). Jeffrey I. Mechanick, Daniel L. Hurley, W. Timothy Garvey. Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease as a New Diagnostic Term: The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists And American College Of Endocrinology Position Statement. Endocrine Practice, 23(3), 372-378. American Council on Exercise (ACE, 2009). What are the guidelines for percentage of body fat loss? Retrieved from: https://www.acefitness.org/ education-and- resources/lifestyle/blog/112/what-are-the-guidelines-for-percentage-of-body-fat- loss American Dietetic Association Position Statement (2015). American Diabetes Association: Standards for medical care in diabetes-2015. Diabetes Care, 38 (Suppl 1), S1-S94 American Medical Association (AMA, 2013). Pollack A. A.M.A. Recognizes obesity as a disease. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2013 /06/19/ business/ama- recognizes-obesity-as-a-disease.html. An, H. M., Park, S. Y., Lee, D. K., Kim, J. R., Cha, M. K., Lee, S. W., . Ha, N. J. (2011). Antiobesity and lipid-lowering effects of bifidobacterium spp. in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Lipids in Health and Disease, 10(1), 116-116. doi:10.1186/1476-511X-10-116 Andrews, Z. B., Erion, D. M., Beiler, R., Choi, C. S., Shulman, G. I., & Horvath, T. L. (2010). Uncoupling protein-2 decreases the lipogenic actions of ghrelin. Endocrinology, 151(5), 2078-2086. doi:10.1210/en.2009-0850 Archer, E., Hand, G. A., & Blair, S. N. (2013). Correction: Validity of U.S. nutritional surveillance: National health and nutrition examination survey caloric energy intake data, 1971-2010. PloS One, 8(10) doi:10.1371/annotation/ c313df3a-52bd- 4cbe-af14-6676480d1a43 ASSUDANI & SHETH Page 317 References 2018 Arif, A.A., & Rohrer, J.E. (2005). Patterns of alcohol drinking and its association with obesity: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. BMC Public Health. 2005; 5:126. Aron-Wisnewsky, J., Gaborit, B., Dutour, A., and Clement, K. (2013). Gut micro-biota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: new insights. Clin. Microbiol. Infect 19, 338- 348. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12140 Arora, T., Singh, S., & Sharma, R.K. (2013). Probiotics: interaction with gut microbiome and antiobesity potential. Nutrition 29, 591-596. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.07.017 Ashwell, M., & Gibson, S. (2016). Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of ‘early health risk’: Simpler and more predictive than using a ‘matrix’ based on BMI and waist circumference.BMJ Open, 6(3), e010159-e010159. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015- 010159 Ashwell, M., & Hsieh, S. D. (2005). Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 56(5), 303-307. doi:10.1080/ 09637480 500195066 Ashwell, M., Gunn, P., & Gibson, S. (2012). Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: Systematic review and meta-analysis: Waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool. Obesity Reviews, 13(3), 275-286. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00952.x Astrup, A. (2005). The satiating power of protein-a key to obesity prevention? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82 (1), 1-2. doi.org/10.1093/ ajcn/82.1.1 Avena, N. M., Rada, P., & Hoebel, B. G. (2008). Underweight rats have enhanced dopamine release and blunted acetylcholine response in the nucleus accumbens while bingeing on sucrose. Neuroscience, 156(4), 865-871. doi:10.1016/ j.neuro science.2008.08.017 Backhed, F., Fraser, C.M., Ringel, Y., Sanders, M.E., Sartor, R.B., Sherman, P.M., (2012). Defining a healthy human gut microbiome: current concepts, future directions, and clinical applications. Cell host & microbe, 12(5), 611-622 ASSUDANI & SHETH Page 318 References 2018 Bairwa, M., Rajput. M., & Sachdeva, S. (2012). Modified kuppuswamy's socioeconomic scale: social researcher should include updated income criteria, Indian J Community Med, 38, 185-186. Retrieved from: http://www.ijcm.org.in/ text.asp? 2013/38/3/185/116358 Balanza, R., García-Lorda, P., Pérez-Rodrigo, C., Aranceta, J., Bonet, M. B., & Salas- Salvadó, J. (2007). Trends in food availability determined by the food and agriculture organization's food balance sheets in mediterranean europe in comparison with other european areas. Public Health Nutrition, 10(2), 168-176. doi:10.1017/S1368980007246592 Bastard, J.P., Maachi, M., Lagathu, C., Kim, M.J., Caron, M., Vidal, H., Capeau, J., Feve, B. (2006). Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Eur Cytokine Netw, 17(1):4-12. Batterham, R.L., Cohen, M.A., Ellis, S.M., Le Roux, C.W., Withers, D.J., Frost, G.S, Ghatei, M.A., Bloom, S.R. (2003). Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36. N Engl J Med, 349(10), 941-8. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa030204 Batterham, R.L., Heffron, H., Kapoor, S., Chivers, J.E., Chandarana, K., Herzog, H., Le Roux, C.W., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Withers, D.J. (2006). Critical role for peptide YY in protein-mediated satiation and body-weight regulation. Cell Metab, 4(3), 223-33. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.08.001 Beck, A.T., Ward, C.H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., Erbaugh, (1961). "An inventory for measuring depression", Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 4 (6):561–71. Becky, McCall (2016). Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease: A New Name for Obesity? - Medscape - Dec 29, 2016. Behl, S., & Misra, A. (2017). Management of obesity in adult asian indians. Indian Heart Journal, 69(4), 539-544. doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2017.04.015 Bendsen, N.T., Christensen, R., Bartels, E.M., et al. (2013). Is beer consumption related to measures of abdominal and general obesity? A systematic review and meta- analysis. Nutr Rev., 71:67-87. Bercik, P., Verdu, E.F., & Collins, S.M. (2005). Is irritable bowel syndrome a lowgrade infl ammatory bowel disease? Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 34: 235–245. Bewick, G.A. (2012). Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity. Biochem Med., ASSUDANI & SHETH Page 319 References 2018 22(3):283-97. Bhardwaj, S., & Misra, A. (2015). Obesity, diabetes and the Asian phenotype. World Rev Nutr Diet, 111:116-122. doi: 10.1159/000362308 Bindels, L.B., Delzenne, N.M., Cani, P.D., Walter, J. (2015). Towards a more comprehensive concept for prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 12: 303- 310. Bishay, I.E. (1998). Rheological characterization of inulin. In: Williams, P.A. and Phillips, G.O. (Eds) Gums and stabilisers for the food industry, 201-210. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry. Bodicoat, D. H., Gray, L. J., Henson, J., Webb, D., Guru, A., Misra, A., . Khunti, K. (2014). Body mass index and waist circumference cut-points in multi-ethnic populations from the UK and india: The ADDITION-leicester, jaipur heart watch and new delhi cross-sectional studies.PloS One, 9(3), e90813-e90813. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090813 Bomhof, M. R., Saha, D. C., Reid, D. T., Paul, H. A., & Reimer, R. A. (2014). Combined effects of oligofructose and bifidobacterium animalis on gut microbiota and glycemia in obese rats. Obesity, 22(3), 763-771. doi:10.1002/oby.20632 Boulangé, C.L., Neves, A.L., Chilloux, J., Nicholson, J.K., and Dumas, M.E.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Future Role of Molecular and Cell Biology in Medical Practice in the Tropical Countries
    The future role of molecular and cell biology in medical practice in the tropical countries David Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article/54/2/489/285007 by guest on 27 September 2021 Molecular and cell biology have a great deal to offer tropical medicine in the future. As well as helping to understand the population genetics and dynamics of both infectious and non-infectious diseases, they promise to provide a new generation of diagnostic and therapeutic agents, and to play a major role in the development of new vaccines and other approaches to the control of disease in tropical communities. Over the last 20 years there has been a gradual shift in the emphasis of basic biomedical research from the study of disease in patients and their organs to its definition at the level of molecules and cells. This new trend has been underpinned by a remarkable new technology which has made it possible to isolate and sequence genes, study their function and transfer them across the species barrier. In the short time during which this field has evolved, a great deal has been discovered about human pathology at the molecular level. Many monogenic diseases have been characterised, much has been learnt about the molecular and cell biology of cancer, and a start has been made in defining the different genes that comprise the complex interactions between nature and nurture that underlie many of the major killers of Western society. Enough is known already to suggest that this knowledge will have major implications for the development of more precise diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary Changes, Nutrition, and Health in Australian Aborigines and Other Transitional Societies
    Feeding from Toddlers to Adolescence: edited by Angel Ballabriga, Nestte Nutrition Workshop Series, Vol. 37. Nestec Ltd., Vevey/ Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, © 19%. Dietary Changes, Nutrition, and Health in Australian Aborigines and Other Transitional Societies Michael Gracey Aboriginal Health Division, Health Department of Western Australia; and School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia Today there are more deaths from cardiovascular diseases in the developing world than in the developed countries. After the age of 5, there are as many deaths from cardiovascular diseases as from infectious and parasitic diseases put together (1). Before the emergence of agriculture about 10,000 years ago, humans obtained their food by hunting and gathering. Australian Aborigines were one of the world's largest and most successful hunter-gathering societies and in some remote regions, particu- larly in northern and central Australia where traditional customs have endured, these original methods of obtaining and preparing food are still used, although to a small extent in most places (2,3). Worldwide, hunter-gatherers now constitute less than 0.001% of the world population (4); these were groups in which obesity, non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), cardiovascular disease, and other degenera- tive disorders were rare or nonexistent in their traditional state of living. This situation has changed dramatically in many previously traditional societies, including Austra- lian Aborigines, because of the socioeconomic and lifestyle impacts of westernization and so-called modernization. There have been marked environmental changes in most parts of the world since modern humankind emerged 40,000-50,000 years ago; despite these important changes, humans have altered little genetically over that time, which has seen the development of peasant agriculture through to modern farming and food processing, distribution, marketing, and consumption (5).
    [Show full text]
  • New World Syndrome (Obesity) in South India
    Mohan Reddy, 1:12 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/scientificreports.567 Open Access Open Access Scientific Reports Scientific Reports Review Article OpenOpen Access Access New World Syndrome (Obesity) in South India Mohan Reddy N, Kalyana Kumar ch and Kaiser Jamil* Mahavir Medical Research Center, Genetics Department, Masab Tank, Hyderabad-500008, A.P, India Abstract In developed and developing countries overweight and obesity are most prevalent nutritional problems. Indians now report more and more frequently with overweight, obesity, and their consequences. Obesity is not an immediately lethal disease itself, but has a significant risk factor associated with a range of serious non-communicable diseases in south Indian population. Obesity is a major driver for the widely prevalent Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Breast cancer and Dyslipidemia disorders. Hence, there is an urgent need to address the trouble and efforts should be made to prevent the epidemic of obesity and its allied health disasters in South India. Effort has been made in this article to review the data published on prevalence and mechanism of specific morbidity conditions in obese population with special reference to South India. Keywords: Obesity; South India; Adolescents; Health consequences; Adolescent obese children in South India Diabesity Various studies indicate that the prevalence of overweight and Introduction obesity amongst children of all ages is increasing in developing countries in the past few decades and studies from India also showed The world health organization has described obesity as one of the increased prevalence of obesity [7]. Indian data regarding current today’s most neglected public health problems, affecting every region trends in childhood obesity are emerging.
    [Show full text]
  • Prediction of Potential-Diabetic Obese-Patients Using Machine Learning Techniques
    (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 10, No. 8, 2019 Prediction of Potential-Diabetic Obese-Patients using Machine Learning Techniques Raghda Essam Ali1, Hatem El-Kadi2, Soha Safwat Labib3, Yasmine Ibrahim Saad4 Teaching Assistant at Faculty of Computer Science, MSA University Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Giza, Egypt1 Associate Professor at Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Giza, Egypt2 Associate Professor in Computer Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt3 Associate Professor at Endemic Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt4 Abstract—Diabetes is a disease that is chronic. Improper 2016 [3]. For non-communicable diseases as: cardiovascular blood glucose control may cause serious complications in diabetic illnesses, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and types of patients as heart and kidney disease, strokes, and blindness. cancers [4], it is a significant risk factor. Weight gain and Obesity is considered to be a massive risk factor of type 2 body mass are essential to type 1 and type 2 diabetes diabetes. Machine Learning has been applied to many medical development and increased incidence. health aspects. In this paper, two machine learning techniques were applied; Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial The definition of overweight and obesity is an Neural Network (ANN) to predict diabetes mellitus. The extraordinary or excessive accumulation of fat that poses a proposed techniques were applied on a real dataset from Al-Kasr health danger. The latest CDC (Center for Disease Control and Al-Aini Hospital in Giza, Egypt. The models were examined Prevention) study demonstrates that the age-adjusted using four-fold cross validation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Early Life Origins of Obesity Related Health Disorders. New Discoveries Regarding the Intergenerational Transmission Of
    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 57:79–93 (2013) The “Early Life” Origins of Obesity-Related Health Disorders: New Discoveries Regarding the Intergenerational Transmission of Developmentally Programmed Traits in the Global Cardiometabolic Health Crisis Daniel C. Benyshek* Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-5003 KEY WORDS “cardiometabolic syndrome”; epigenetics; multigenerational; transgenerational ABSTRACT Popular media reports concerning the developmental processes and capacities in health and dis- causes of the current global obesity pandemic and its ease even further by investigating the transmissible related sequelae—the cardiometabolic syndrome—are nature of developmentally programmed cardiometabolic often couched in terms of dramatic changes in diet and traits to subsequent generations. In this review, after lifestyle around the world; namely, drastically increasing briefly revisiting the fundamental discoveries of first- dietary intakes of high energy foods and plummeting lev- generation DOHaD research, I consider how recent discov- els of daily physical activity—the hallmarks of the so eries regarding the transmissibility of developmentally called “nutrition transition.” Far less attention is generally acquired traits are providing new insights into the current drawn to the important role phenotypic plasticity during global cardiometabolic pandemic, and how a better under- early life (i.e., “developmental programming”) plays in the standing of developmental programming—including cardiometabolic health crisis. Recently, however, research- transmissibility—are essential for the conceptualization ers working within the field of the developmental origins and implementation of public health initiatives aimed at of health and disease (DOHaD) and epigenetics have stemming this global health crisis. Am J Phys Anthropol extended our understanding of the role played by these 57:79–93, 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from the Three Domains Influencing Pima Diabetes Carolyn M
    Human Organization. Vol. 63. No. 1,2004 Reducing Diabetes in Indian Country: Lessons from the Three Domains Influencing Pima Diabetes Carolyn M. Smith-Morris The prevalence of diabetes among Pima (Akimel O'odham) Indians involves three important domains: political-economic, -eenetic. and cultural. Proerams in diabetes education have made noteworthv, imnrovements . in the last two decades in addressing- cultural information and attitudes. It is less common to see political-economic factors addressed, particularly the structural barriers to care that include poverty and unemployment. The genetic contributions to modem rates of diabetes have, perhaps, been overemphasized in the past, contributing to a sense that this disease is inevitable in American Indian populations. I review six lessons drawn from these domains and from diabetes prevention and treatment programs in Indian country: 1) the basic importance of cultural sensitivity; 2) the strengths of community participation; 3) the influential but not dominant significance of genetics; 4) some relevant structural changes in forms of health care; 5) fee need for political-economic change within tribes to sustain communitywide change; and 6) the significance of a stable financial foundation for diabetes programs. Key words: diabetes, political economy, community participation, Pima Indians imaIndians are better known aroundthe world for their 1990; Scheder 1988). Diabetes-related conditions account for diabetes than for their culture and history. More than 19.5 percent of all (age-adjusted) Pima deaths-four times Phalf of all Pima Indians over age 35 have diabetes, a that ofwhites and two times that of blacks in the United States condition arising from a body's decreased ability to metabo- (Newman et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Feeding Obese Rats by Bee Bread on IL-6 Expression in Rat Stomach †
    Proceedings The Effects of Feeding Obese Rats by Bee Bread on IL-6 Expression in Rat Stomach † Zuleyha Doganyigit 1,*, Birkan Yakan 2 and Emin Kaymak 1 1 Histology-Embryology Department, Medical Faculty, Bozok University, 66100 Yozgat, Turkey; [email protected] 2 Histology-Embryology Department, Medical Faculty, Erciyes Universıty, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +90-0535-749-5772 † Presented at the 2nd International Cell Death Research Congress, Izmir, Turkey, 1–4 November 2018. Published: 5 December 2018 Abstract: The aim of this project was the determination of the effect of bee bread supplement in diets of obese rats on interleukin 6 immunreactivity. This study has been shown that bee bread against obesity with a high-fat diet reduces IL-6 expression in the stomach. Keywords: obesity; IL-6; stomach 1. Introduction Obesity is a global public health priority. With the improvement of people’s standard of living, the number of obese Chinese has grown to an annual rate of 38.1% over the past several years [1]. Obesity is currently one of the major health concerns in developed countries. With more than 1.9 billion people now obese or overweight, the eventual impact of expected adverse events such as diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, cardiac failure, reflux, and major orthopedic problems, will take a major toll on public health [2,3]. Obesity, which is defined as the “New World Syndrome”, is one of the most important problems of the modern age. The prevalence of obesity in all age groups is observed throughout the World [4].
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Synopsis|2018 INTRODUCTION Earlier in India where under-nutrition was a biggest challenge today it is facing a dual burden of Malnutrition on extreme edges. Where undernutrion is on one edge, Obesity is the other extreme edge impacting drastically the “Weight of Nation”, associated comorbidities and the healthcare cost !!! (WHO, 2017; Karla & Unnikrishnan, 2012). At simplest level we all know that, obesity is a mismatch between the energy intake and expenditure but it’s not as simple as it seems. Unfortunately, if we look at the data over last 3 decades we have seen increase in obesity prevalence and current scenario has forced healthcare professionals to declare obesity as a “Disease”. In last two decades there have been various terminologies coined for the word “Obesity” based on its exploding prevalence rates and associated co-morbidities. To name a few, it has been termed as “New World Syndrome” (Mohan et.al., 2012), “Globesity” (WHO, 2001) and “Diabesity” (Ethan, 1973). Now it’s time to consider newer approaches to evaluate, diagnose and to combat this epidemic of obesity. Recently, in 2017 according to a new position statement released by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE, 2017) and the American College of Endocrinology (ACE, 2017) Obesity has bagged one more diagnostic term named “ABCD – Adiposity – Based Chronic Disease”. Since BMI being a one dimensional approach and unable to differentiate between fat and muscles, authors find BMI a bit vague as a sole diagnostic tool and have emphasized more on “complications-centric” three pronged approach that considers assessment of excess body fat in terms of amount, distribution and its physiologic impact on health (Kedist, 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Awareness of Complications of Obesity in Young Individuals
    IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 8 Ver. V (August. 2016), PP 06-08 www.iosrjournals.org Awareness of Complications of Obesity in Young Individuals Anto Gnana Delasalle M1, (Col) Arunachalam2, Sharol Asma Menezes3 1PG Resident, Department of General Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore 2Professor, Department of General Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore 3Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore Abstract: Obesity is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide. As per WHO data in 2008, 1.4 billion persons aged 20 years and above were obese. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, stroke, gall bladder stones, osteoarthritis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are some of the common complications of obesity. Awareness of these complications is very essential among young individuals. The study included a 100 individuals attending out-patient services of Father Muller Medical College Hospital by convenience sampling. Most participants were aware about complications of obesity such as joint pains, risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea and depression. There was no significant body image misperception among the participants in this study. Many participants in our study felt that obesity has a genetic factor because of which obesity cannot be prevented. Community wide efforts to increase awareness and promote environments that encourage physical activity and healthy nutrition are needed. These measures could probably reduce this misperception. Keywords: Obesity, Awareness of complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Syndrome, Dyslipidemia I. Introduction And Need For The Study Obesity is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolic Syndrome — a Useful Concept 185
    Metabolic Syndrome — A Useful Concept 185 Metabolic Syndrome — 32 A Useful Concept YP MUNJAL INTRODUCTION ‘Metabolic Syndrome’. Five Risk Factors of Metabolic Origin (obesity, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia, prothrom- In the 20th century, cardiovascular disease (CVD) botic and pro-inflammatory states) commonly are seen was identified as the major cause of morbidity and together and have a metabolic basis. This constellation mortality in the developed world. During this period confers additional risk of developing diabetes type 2 and there was considerable effort to understand the under- cardiovascular disease. The main point of contention has lying biology of the disease and to identify the been the changing figures for obesity estimation based contributing risk factors. As risk factors were identified, on ethnicity, the changing blood pressure levels and it became apparent that more than one was often present blood sugar levels as well as the lipid levels. Though in the same individual. Toward the end of the century, this has been raised as a major issue, but if we look at the clustering of CVD risk factors was first described, various other syndromes, this phenomenon is not most notably the simultaneous presence of obesity, type uncommon especially in relation to hypertension 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension1-3. whereas the diagnosis of hypertension has seen a sea- Although insulin resistance (i.e., resistance to insulin- change. The other associated features and abnormalities stimulated glucose uptake) as a feature of type 2 diabetes seen in these patients, which are gaining importance, was first described many years earlier4, hyperinsu- are polycystic ovarian syndrome and acanthosis linemia was also found to be a key feature of type 2 nigricans on nape of neck and non-alcoholic hepatic diabetes5,6, as well as hyperlipidemia7-9, obesity10-13, and steatosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Admixture Mapping
    GG11CH04-Winkler ARI 4 August 2010 16:2 ANNUAL REVIEWS Further Admixture Mapping Click here for quick links to ∗ Annual Reviews content online, including: Comes of Age • Other articles in this volume • Top cited articles 1 1 • Top downloaded articles Cheryl A. Winkler, George W. Nelson, • Our comprehensive search and Michael W. Smith2 1Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 2Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2010. 11:65–89 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium, risk loci, genetic July 1, 2010 mapping, hidden Markov chain, health disparities The Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics is online at genom.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: Admixture mapping is based on the hypothesis that differences in disease 10.1146/annurev-genom-082509-141523 by Fordham University on 01/13/13. For personal use only. rates between populations are due in part to frequency differences in Copyright c 2010 by Annual Reviews. disease-causing genetic variants. In admixed populations, these genetic All rights reserved variants occur more often on chromosome segments inherited from 1527-8204/10/0922-0065$20.00 the ancestral population with the higher disease variant frequency. A ∗This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not genome scan for disease association requires only enough markers to Annu. Rev. Genom. Human Genet. 2010.11:65-89. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org subject to copyright protection in the United identify the ancestral chromosome segments; for recently admixed pop- States.
    [Show full text]
  • Cardiovascular Risk Among Urban Aboriginal People
    INDIGENOUS HEALTH INDIGENOUS HEALTH Cardiovascular risk among urban Aboriginal people Peter L Thompson, Pamela J Bradshaw, Margherita Veroni and Edward T Wilkes NATIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS reveal ABSTRACT the continuing poor cardiovascular health of Indigenous Australians1. Adult Objective: To describe the results of a program for detecting high cardiovascular risk Aboriginal people have a life expectancy in an urban Aboriginal community. 10–14 years shorter than non-Aborigi- Design: Cardiovascular risk assessment program conducted between January 1998 The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: nal Australians, primarily due to cardio- and October 1999. Participants completed a questionnaire and underwent a physical 0025-729X 4 August 2003 179 3 143-146 vascular disease. Although the 2001 assessment and biochemical tests. ©The Medical Journal1 of Australia 2003 Nationalwww.mja.com.au Health Survey included data Participants: 738 self-selected members of the Perth Aboriginal community (332 Indigenous Health on self-reported health behaviours in men, 406 women; age range, 18–79 years). Indigenous populations by region, there are no detailed data on the patterns of Results: The participants represented approximately a fifth of the Perth Aboriginal cardiovascular risk in urban Aboriginal population aged 25–64 years (those aged 18–24 years comprised < 5% of Aboriginals populations. aged 15–24 years in Perth). Eighty-four per cent fell within National Heart Foundation The Western Australian Centre for “high risk” or “highest risk” categories for cardiovascular disease; 15% of men and 6% Aboriginal Cardiovascular Health, of women had an absolute risk of a cardiovascular event of over 15% within 10 years. established in 1997 to determine the A high proportion of participants reported diabetes, hypertension, smoking, overweight feasibility of detecting people at high and obesity.
    [Show full text]