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National Child Care and Protection Policy 2019 Department of Health

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National Child Care and Protection Policy 2019 Department of Health NATIONAL CHILD CARE AND PROTECTION POLICY WORKING TOGETHER TO ADVANCE THE RIGHTS OF ALL CHILDREN TO CARE AND PROTECTION 2019 Building a Caring Society. Together www.dsd.gov.za TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD BY THE MINISTER ............................................................................................................. 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 9 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.................................................................................................. 11 GLOSSARY OF TERMS.................................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE POLICY ....................................................... 18 1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 19 1.2 Structure of the Policy ............................................................................................................ 20 1.3 The Importance of the Definition..... ........................................................................................... 20 1.4 Defining Developmental Child Care and Protection.......................................................................20 1.5 Legal Overview .................................................................................................................... 21 1.6 Legal and Sustainable Development Imperatives .......................................................................... 21 1.7 Sustainable Development Imperatives ........................................................................................ 22 1.8 The Evidentiary Imperatives ..................................................................................................... 23 1.9 Risk Factors ......................................................................................................................... 24 1.10 Protective Factors .................................................................................................................. 25 1.11 Policy Implications of the Legal, Developmental and Evidentiary Imperatives....................................... 26 1.12 A Continuum of Care and Protection Services and Support............................................................. 27 1.13 Promotive Enabling Services .................................................................................................... 27 1.14 Prevention and Early Intervention Services .................................................................................. 28 1.15 Responsive Protective Services ................................................................................................. 28 1.16 Essential Features and Outcomes of a Developmental Child Care and Protection Policy ........................ 30 1.17 A Strong Supporting Child Care and Protection System .....................................................................31 1.18 Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................................31 CHAPTER 2: THE PURPOSE, MISSION, VISION, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE POLICY...… ...................... 32 2.1 The Rationale for the Policy ....................................................................................................... 33 2.2 The Purpose, Mission, Vision, Goals and Objectives of the Policy .................................................... 33 2.2.1 Policy Purpose ............................................................................................................. 33 2.2.2 Policy Vision................................................................................................................ 34 2.2.3 Policy Mission.............................................................................................................. 34 2.2.4 Policy Goals ................................................................................................................ 34 2.2.5 Policy Objectives ........................................................................................................... 34 2.3 Policy Principles................................................................................................................... 35 2.4 Policy Approach, Strategy and Priorities .................................................................................. 35 2.5 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................................36 CHAPTER 3: SITUATIONAL ASSESSMENT............................................................................................. 37 3.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 38 3.2 Measures Taken to Effect the Right to Care and Protection .. .......................................................... 38 3.2.1 Legislative Measures ...................................................................................................... 38 3.2.2 Programmatic Measures................................................................................................... 40 3.2.2.1 Universal Promotive Programmes .............................................................................40 3.2.2.2 Prevention and Early Intervention Programmes Targeting Vulnerable Groups .......................40 3.2.2.3 Responsive Protective Services ................................................................................ 41 3.3 Situation of Children.... .......................................................................................................... 41 3.3.1 Demographics and Socio-Economic Status of Children .......................................................... 41 3.3.1.1 Numbers of Children in South Africa ....................................................................... 41 3.3.1.2 Children with Developmental Delays or Disabilities .....................................................42 3.3.1.3 Family Structures and Living Arrangements of Children .................................................421 3.3.1.4 Child Poverty..................................................................................................... 42 3.3.1.5 Exposure to Violence, Child abuse, Neglect and Exploitation.......................................... 42 3 3.3.1.6 Vulnerable Age Groups .........................................................................................43 3.3.2 The Positive Impact of Measures to Date .............................................................................. 43 3.3.2.1 Access to Health Care and Health Outcomes ............................................................. 43 3.3.2.2 Access to Basic Services ....................................................................................... 44 3.3.2.3 Access to Birth Registration .....................................................................................44 3.3.2.4 Access to Social Security.......................................................................................44 3.3.2.5 Access to Early Childhood Care and Basic Education............................................... ....44 3.3.2.6 Access to Community-Based Prevention and Early Intervention Programmes .....................44 3.3.2.7 Access to Formal Protective Social Welfare and Child Justice Services .............................45 3.4 Underlying Systemic Gaps and Challenges ..................................................................................48 3.5 Conclusion and Problem Statement ............................................................................................49 CHAPTER 4: BALANCING THE RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS OF CHILDREN, FAMILIES, COMMUNITIES AND THE STATE ................................................................................................................................... 50 4.1 A Collective Nationwide Duty of Child Care and Protection ............................................................ 51 4.2 A Network of Caregiving Arrangements and their Duty of Care ....................................................... 51 4.3 Parents as Primary Caregivers, their Responsibilities and Rights ......................................................... 52 4.3.1 Biological Parents ........................................................................................................... 52 4.3.1.1 Mothers Under the Age of 18 Years ...................................................................... 53 4.3.1.2 Biological Fathers not Married to, or Living with the Mother at the Time of the Child’s Birth. 53 4.3.1.3 Children Born through Assisted Reproductive Procedures ............................................ 53 4.3.1.3.1 Surrogacy Agreements.......................................................................... 53 4.3.1.3.2 Children Conceived through Artificial Fertilisation ....................................... 54 4.3.2 Termination and Suspension of PRR .................................................................................. 54 4.3.3 Co-holders of PRR ......................................................................................................... 54 4.4 Family Care Arrangements with Non-Biological Parents and Caregivers ............................................
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