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The Origin and Early Evolution of Vascular Plant Shoots and Leaves Rstb.Royalsocietypublishing.Org C
Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on January 22, 2018 The origin and early evolution of vascular plant shoots and leaves rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org C. Jill Harrison 1 and Jennifer L. Morris 2 1School of Biological Sciences, and 2School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK Review CJH, 0000-0002-5228-600X; JLM, 0000-0002-7453-3841 Cite this article: Harrison CJ, Morris JL. 2017 The morphology of plant fossils from the Rhynie chert has generated long- standing questions about vascular plant shoot and leaf evolution, for The origin and early evolution of vascular plant instance, which morphologies were ancestral within land plants, when did shoots and leaves. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 373 : vascular plants first arise and did leaves have multiple evolutionary origins? 20160496. Recent advances combining insights from molecular phylogeny, palaeobotany http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0496 and evo–devo research address these questions and suggest the sequence of morphological innovation during vascular plant shoot and leaf evolution. The evidence pinpoints testable developmental and genetic hypotheses relat- Accepted: 11 August 2017 ing to the origin of branching and indeterminate shoot architectures prior to the evolution of leaves, and demonstrates underestimation of polyphyly in One contribution of 18 to a discussion meeting the evolution of leaves from branching forms in ‘telome theory’ hypotheses issue ‘The Rhynie cherts: our earliest terrestrial of leaf evolution. This review discusses fossil, developmental and genetic ecosystem revisited’. evidence relating to the evolution of vascular plant shoots and leaves in a phylogenetic framework. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The Rhynie cherts: our Subject Areas: earliest terrestrial ecosystem revisited’. -
Paleoecology and Land-Use of Quaternary Megafauna from Saltville, Virginia Emily Simpson East Tennessee State University
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2019 Paleoecology and Land-Use of Quaternary Megafauna from Saltville, Virginia Emily Simpson East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Paleontology Commons Recommended Citation Simpson, Emily, "Paleoecology and Land-Use of Quaternary Megafauna from Saltville, Virginia" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3590. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3590 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Paleoecology and Land-Use of Quaternary Megafauna from Saltville, Virginia ________________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Geosciences East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Geosciences with a concentration in Paleontology _______________________________ by Emily Michelle Bruff Simpson May 2019 ________________________________ Dr. Chris Widga, Chair Dr. Blaine W. Schubert Dr. Andrew Joyner Key Words: Paleoecology, land-use, grassy balds, stable isotope ecology, Whitetop Mountain ABSTRACT Paleoecology and Land-Use of Quaternary Megafauna from Saltville, Virginia by Emily Michelle Bruff Simpson Land-use, feeding habits, and response to seasonality by Quaternary megaherbivores in Saltville, Virginia, is poorly understood. Stable isotope analyses of serially sampled Bootherium and Equus enamel from Saltville were used to explore seasonally calibrated (δ18O) patterns in megaherbivore diet (δ13C) and land-use (87Sr/86Sr). -
Similarities in Body Size Distributions of Small-Bodied Flying Vertebrates
Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2004, 6: 783–797 Similarities in body size distributions of small-bodied flying vertebrates Brian A. Maurer,* James H. Brown, Tamar Dayan, Brian J. Enquist, S.K. Morgan Ernest, Elizabeth A. Hadly, John P. Haskell, David Jablonski, Kate E. Jones, Dawn M. Kaufman, S. Kathleen Lyons, Karl J. Niklas, Warren P. Porter, Kaustuv Roy, Felisa A. Smith, Bruce Tiffney and Michael R. Willig National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), Working Group on Body Size in Ecology and Paleoecology, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-5504, USA ABSTRACT Since flight imposes physical constraints on the attributes of a flying organism, it is expected that the distribution of body sizes within clades of small-bodied flying vertebrates should share a similar pattern that reflects these constraints. We examined patterns in similarities of body mass distributions among five clades of small-bodied endothermic vertebrates (Passeriformes, Apodiformes + Trochiliformes, Chiroptera, Insectivora, Rodentia) to examine the extent to which these distributions are congruent among the clades that fly as opposed to those that do not fly. The body mass distributions of three clades of small-bodied flying vertebrates show significant divergence from the distributions of their sister clades. We examined two alternative hypotheses for similarities among the size frequency distributions of the five clades. The hypothesis of functional symmetry corresponds to patterns of similarity expected if body mass distributions of flying clades are constrained by similar or identical functional limitations. The hypothesis of phylogenetic symmetry corresponds to patterns of similarity expected if body mass distributions reflect phylogenetic relationships among clades. -
Evolution of the Female Conifer Cone Fossils, Morphology and Phylogenetics
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EVOLUTION OF THE FEMALE CONIFER CONE FOSSILS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENETICS Daniel Bäck Degree project for Bachelor of Science with a major in Biology BIO602, Biologi: Examensarbete – kandidatexamen, 15 hp First cycle Semester/year: Spring 2020 Supervisor: Åslög Dahl, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Examiner: Claes Persson, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Front page: Abies koreana (immature seed cones), Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Sweden Table of contents 1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 2 2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Brief history of Florin’s research ............................................................................... 3 2.2 Progress in conifer phylogenetics .............................................................................. 4 3 Aims .................................................................................................................................... 4 4 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................................ 4 4.1 Literature: ................................................................................................................... 4 4.2 RStudio: ..................................................................................................................... -
Generation of Earth's First-Order Biodiversity Pattern
ASTROBIOLOGY Volume 9, Number 1, 2009 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2008.0253 Review Generation of Earth’s First-Order Biodiversity Pattern Andrew Z. Krug,1 David Jablonski,1 James W. Valentine,2 and Kaustuv Roy3 Abstract The first-order biodiversity pattern on Earth today and at least as far back as the Paleozoic is the latitudinal di- versity gradient (LDG), a decrease in richness of species and higher taxa from the equator to the poles. LDGs are produced by geographic trends in origination, extinction, and dispersal over evolutionary timescales, so that analyses of static patterns will be insufficient to reveal underlying processes. The fossil record of marine bivalve genera, a model system for the analysis of biodiversity dynamics over large temporal and spatial scales, shows that an origination and range-expansion gradient plays a major role in generating the LDG. Peak orig- ination rates and peak diversities fall within the tropics, with range expansion out of the tropics the predomi- nant spatial dynamic thereafter. The origination-diversity link occurs even in a “contrarian” group whose di- versity peaks at midlatitudes, an exception proving the rule that spatial variations in origination are key to Ն latitudinal diversity patterns. Extinction rates are lower in polar latitudes ( 60°) than in temperate zones and thus cannot create the observed gradient alone. They may, however, help to explain why origination and im- migration are evidently damped in higher latitudes. We suggest that species require more resources in higher latitudes, for the seasonality of primary productivity increases by more than an order of magnitude from equa- torial to polar regions. -
Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0186-6546 Gar W. Rothwell Edwin and Ruth Kennedy Distinguished Professor Emeritus Department of Environmental and Plant Biology Porter Hall 401E T: 740 593 1129 Ohio University F: 740 593 1130 Athens, OH 45701 E: [email protected] also Courtesy Professor Department of Botany and PlantPathology Oregon State University T: 541 737- 5252 Corvallis, OR 97331 E: [email protected] Education Ph.D.,1973 University of Alberta (Botany) M.S., 1969 University of Illinois, Chicago (Biology) B.A., 1966 Central Washington University (Biology) Academic Awards and Honors 2018 International Organisation of Palaeobotany lifetime Honorary Membership 2014 Fellow of the Paleontological Society 2009 Distinguished Fellow of the Botanical Society of America 2004 Ohio University Distinguished Professor 2002 Michael A. Cichan Award, Botanical Society of America 1999-2004 Ohio University Presidential Research Scholar in Biomedical and Life Sciences 1993 Edgar T. Wherry Award, Botanical Society of America 1991-1992 Outstanding Graduate Faculty Award, Ohio University 1982-1983 Chairman, Paleobotanical Section, Botanical Society of America 1972-1973 University of Alberta Dissertation Fellow 1971 Paleobotanical (Isabel Cookson) Award, Botanical Society of America Positions Held 2011-present Courtesy Professor of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University 2008-2009 Visiting Senior Researcher, University of Alberta 2004-present Edwin and Ruth Kennedy Distinguished Professor of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio -
Transformative Paleobotany
Chapter 6 Lower Permian Flora of the Sanzenbacher Ranch, Clay County, Texas William A. DiMichele1, Robert W. Hook2, Hans Kerp3, Carol L. Hotton1,4, Cindy V. Looy5 and Dan S. Chaney1 1NMNH Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States; 2The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; 3Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; 4National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; 5University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States 1. INTRODUCTION 1985; Broutin, 1986; Popa, 1999; Steyer et al., 2000; Wagner and Mayoral, 2007; Bercovici and Broutin, 2008; Since 1989, field parties supported by the U.S. National Barthel, 2009; Wagner and Álvarez-Vázquez, 2010; Museum of Natural History have obtained large collections Barthel and Brauner, 2015). Furthermore, because this of mainly Permian plant fossils from north central Texas. locality was collected on three occasions over a time period This work was undertaken to study known localities and to of 50 years and by different parties, comparative analysis of find new fossiliferous deposits that would contribute to a the Sanzenbacher collections provides a basis for assessing better understanding of floral and paleoenvironmental sites that have comparable histories. changes within the region during the early Permian. From the outset, the effort was interdisciplinary and grew, through the contributions of nearly 20 paleobotanists, 2. GEOLOGY palynologists, invertebrate and vertebrate paleontologists, Clay County is the only county in the Permo-Carboniferous and sedimentary geologists of several subdisciplines, to be outcrop belt of north central Texas that lacks marine rocks. quite comprehensive. Our reporting of results, however, has These alluvial sediments accumulated east of a broad been influenced by unexpected developments, including the coastal plain that bordered the Eastern Shelf of the Midland discovery of new plant-fossil assemblages in areas once Basin. -
DAVID SEPKOSKI Department of History University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana Gregory Hall 301 810 S
DAVID SEPKOSKI Department of History University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana Gregory Hall 301 810 S. Wright St. Urbana, IL 61801 [email protected] Updated 7/2020 ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS 2018 - Thomas M. Siebel Chair in History of Science and Professor of History Affiliate Professor, School of Information University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 2012 - 2018 Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Senior Research Scholar, Department II 2006 - 2012 University of North Carolina Wilmington Associate Professor of History, 2010 - 2012 Assistant Professor of History, 2006 - 2010 2002 – 2006 Oberlin College Visiting Assistant Professor of History, 2004 - 2006 Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in History, 2002 - 2004 EDUCATION 2002 University of Minnesota. Ph.D., Program in History of Science and Technology 1996 University of Chicago. A.M., Social Sciences 1994 Carleton College. B.A., History FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS 2020-21 John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship 2018-23 President’s Distinguished Faculty Hiring Program ($500,000 over 5 years for graduate student fellowships, research support, public programming and outreach), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 2011 Visiting Fellow, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Department II, Berlin, Germany 2005-08 National Science Foundation STS Scholars Award. PI for grant funding “The Renaissance of Evolutionary Paleobiology, 1970-1985” Sepkoski 2 2007 Charles L. Cahill Award for Faculty Research and Development, UNC Wilmington 2006-07 FESR Investigator Fellow, UNC Wilmington 2005 Mead-Swing Fellow in the History of Science, Oberlin College 2004 Grant-in-Aid, Oberlin College, award for faculty research support 2000-01 Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship, University of Minnesota 1997-98 Graduate School Fellowship, University of Minnesota PUBLICATIONS Books 2020 Catastrophic Thinking: Extinction and the Value of Diversity Chicago: University of Chicago Press. -
Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and Their Evolutionary Implications
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d58r5r0 Journal Botanical Review, 84(2) ISSN 0006-8101 Authors Doyle, JA Endress, PK Publication Date 2018-06-01 DOI 10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications James A. Doyle & Peter K. Endress The Botanical Review ISSN 0006-8101 Volume 84 Number 2 Bot. Rev. (2018) 84:156-202 DOI 10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The New York Botanical Garden. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Bot. Rev. (2018) 84:156–202 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications James A. -
Micro- and Macroevolution: Scale and Hierarchy in Evolutionary Biology and Paleobiology Author(S): David Jablonski Source: Paleobiology, Vol
Paleontological Society Micro- and Macroevolution: Scale and Hierarchy in Evolutionary Biology and Paleobiology Author(s): David Jablonski Source: Paleobiology, Vol. 26, No. 4, Supplement (Autumn, 2000), pp. 15-52 Published by: Paleontological Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1571652 Accessed: 28/10/2008 17:29 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=paleo. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Paleontological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Paleobiology. http://www.jstor.org Copyright ( 2000, The Paleontological Society Micro- and macroevolution: scale and hierarchy in evolutionary biology and paleobiology David Jablonski Abstract. -
A 23 Kyrs Record of Environmental Change from Cherangani Hills, Kenya
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Geosciences Theses Department of Geosciences 5-10-2019 A 23 Kyrs Record Of Environmental Change From Cherangani Hills, Kenya Vicky Cheruiyot Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses Recommended Citation Cheruiyot, Vicky, "A 23 Kyrs Record Of Environmental Change From Cherangani Hills, Kenya." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2019. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/131 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Geosciences at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geosciences Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A 23 KYRS RECORD OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE FROM CHERANGANI HILLS, KENYA by Vicky Cheruiyot Under supervision of Lawrence Kiage, PhD. ABSTRACT The sensitivity of East Africa’s environment to anthropogenic and natural climatic changes is poorly understood. Therefore, there is need to incorporate continuous high-resolution records to provide insights into the timings of climatic signals to reconstruct East Africa’s paleoenvironment. This study presents sediment core data (KAP-01) from Kapkanyar Swamp, Cherangani Hills, based on fungal spores, Loss-On-Ignition (LOI) and microscopic charcoal analyses. The climate during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was generally cold and dry with intermittent presence of moist environmental conditions evidenced by the minimal presence of coprophilous taxa, a well-known taxon used to signify presence herbivores, representing diminished fauna. Presence of charcoal in the LGM reflects probable natural fires suggesting dry environmental conditions. The deglaciation period, on the other hand, was relatively colder and drier compared to any other period in the last ~23 Kyrs with scanty preservation fungal spores. -
Two Examples from the Late Cretaceous of Western North America
Paleobotanical Estimates of Climate in Deep Time: Two Examples From the Late Cretaceous of Western North America Garland Upchurch1, Ann Marie Prue1, Joan Parrott1, Emilio Estrada-Ruiz2, and Dori Contreras3 1 Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 2 National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico 3 University of California, Berkeley, CA Introduction • Paleobotany provides important information on paleoclimate. – Shallow geologic time • Closest living relatives of fossil plant species • Paleoclimate inferred from modern species distributions – Deep geologic time • Relationships with extant species and genera more distant. • Adaptive characteristics of plants – Physiognomy • Paleoclimate inferred from relation between plant adaptive characteristics and modern climate Physiognomy • Physiognomy: Adaptive features of plant structure – Environment: Evolved multiple times – Life form (PFT) – Organs – Tissue structure Tropical leaf (left) vs. • Leaves of dicot flowering plants temperate zone leaf – Margin, shape, size • Woods – Presence/absence of annual rings – Dicot woods: Amount of soft tissue, water conduit diameter, other features Tropical (balsa) wood Physiognomic Methods • Leaves – Simple Linear Regression • Leaf Margin Analysis (LMA) – Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) • Leaf Area Analysis (LAA) Left to right: – Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP) Tropical, desert, and – Multivariate ordination temperate leaves • Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP) • Mean annual and seasonal temperatures, precipitation – Multiple regression