BRIEFING PAPER Number CBP 6521, 9 January 2018 Passenger rail services in By Louise Butcher England Inside: 1. How do passenger services work? 2. Franchising policy since 2007 3. The future www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library |
[email protected] | @commonslibrary Number CBP 6521, 9 January 2018 2 Contents Summary 3 1. How do passenger services work? 4 1.1 Franchising 4 What is it? 4 The early years 5 How does it work? 7 Direct awards 8 Scotland 9 Wales 10 1.2 Open access operators 10 1.3 Concession agreements 11 1.4 Track access contracts and charges 11 2. Franchising policy since 2007 13 2.1 Labour Government, 2007-10 13 2.2 Coalition and Conservative governments, 2010- 14 First reform paper & McNulty report, 2010-11 14 West Coast re-let failure, Laidlaw & Brown, 2012-13 15 Further reviews and reform, 2014- 17 2.3 Franchise length 19 3. The future 21 3.1 More competition? 21 3.2 More public ownership? 24 3.3 More partnership working? 27 3.4 More devolution? 29 London 29 Rest of England 31 Contributing Authors: Louise Butcher, Transport Policy Cover page image copyright: Michael Day – flickr/CreativeCommons 3 Passenger rail services in England Summary This paper explains how passenger rail services are provided in England and the policies of successive governments towards rail franchising. It also looks at those proposals which have been put forward for further reform – specifically more partnership working, competition, public ownership and devolution. Since privatisation in the mid-1990s, there have been two types of passenger rail service on the GB rail network: open access operators (i.e.