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AF Duguid and the Canadian Official History of World War I

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AF Duguid and the Canadian Official History of World War I University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Legacy Theses 1999 Missing the boat?: A. F. Duguid and the Canadian official history of World War I Gustavson, Wesley Carl Gustavson, W. C. (1999). Missing the boat?: A. F. Duguid and the Canadian official history of World War I (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/19090 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/25041 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Missing the Boat? Colonel A. F. Duguid and the Canadian Official History of World War I Wesley C. Gustavson A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FUFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA JULY, 1999 O Wesley C.Gustavson 1999 National Library Bibliotheque nationale I*(of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue We!lington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your iil. Vows rslbrsna, Our tila Nalre reference The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accord6 une Licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive pennettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prgter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fih, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format electronique. The author retains ownershp of the L'auteur conserve la propriete du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protege cette these. thesis nor substantial extracts fkom it Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otheMrise de celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Abstract This thesis is an examination of the writing of. and controversies surrounding, the unfinished Canadian official history of the First World War and the role played by the official historian. Colonel A.F. Duguid. Through an analysis of Duguid in his roles as an administrator and a historian it takes issue with the prevailing view that Duguid was unqualified for the job and was hopelessly overburdened with extra work. Instead it suggests that Duguid was a competent historian and that the failure to complete the series was the result of several factors: government neglect, and military indifference. plus Duguid's nationalist beliefs. particular methodology. and his inability to effectively manage and prioritize the duties of the Historical Section. Acknowledgements Most scholarly endeavors begin as individual efforts, but ultimately end as collaborative ventures, and this particular project is no exception. Many individuals contributed to its completion and the end result would have been poorer without their assistance. My supervisor, Dr. T.H.E.Travers, provided sound advice and guidance throughout and should be commended for enduring a graduate student whose progress ranged from sporadic to nonexistent. David Campbell kindly took time away from his own busy schedule to read and comment on several early drafts, and was always willing to discuss the topic with me. Ted Saunders and Mark Groteleuschen also assisted with timely advice and encouragement. Research was made easier by the efforts of numerous archivists and librarians. Of these, Tim Dube of the National Archives of Canada. and Stephen Harris of the Directorate of History and Heritage, National Defence Headquarters. warrant special mention for helping me sort through the 'archives mate*.R. Bruce MacIntyre deserves thanks for his many introductions and for his guided tour of the sites and sounds of Ottawa. A substantial debt is owed to Wyn van der Schee (the ail knowing one) for his continued interest and encouragement. WynTsknowledge of Canadian military history was of assistance on more than one occasion and his friendship and hospitality over the last several years has been greatly appreciated. Finally, to my family for their understanding, patience and encouragement. Their support, even when unsure of what I was doing and why, was crucial and without it I could have not undertaken, much less have completed this work. Therefore, I dedicate this thesis to them - all of them. iv Table of Contents .. Approval Page.. ................................................................................ -11 ... Abstract.. ....................................................................................... .III Acknowledgements.. ......................................................................... ..iv Table of Contents.. .............................................................................v Tiibie of Abbreviations.. ......................................................................vi Introdtiction.. ....................................................................................I Chapter One - The Troubled Emergence of the Historical Section, 19 15- 1938.. ......................................................9 Chapter Two - Colonel A. Fonescue Duguid and the Making of the Canadian Official History.. ...................................43 Chapter Three - The Decline and Fall of the Historical Section .................................................................... 85 Conclusion.. .................................................................................. I 15 Appendix.. ....................................................................................13 I Bibliography.. ................................................................................I33 Table of Abbreviations CFA Canadian Field Artillery CEF Canadian Expeditionary Force CGS Chief of the General Staff co Commanding Officer CWNS Canadian War Narrative Section CWRO Canadian War Records Office DAQMG Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General DCGS Deputy Chief of the General Staff DBF Duguid Biographical File DHH Directorate of History and Heritage GHQ General Headquarters GOC General Officer Commanding GSO I General Staff Officer, First Grade GSO 2 General Staff Officer, Second Grade HQ Headquarters NAC National Archives of Canada OBE Officer of the Order of the British Empire RCAF Royal Canadian Air Force UTA University of Toronto Archives VCGS Vice Chief of the General Staff Introduction It seems to me that. without recriminations. the roduction of the History of the First World War has "missed the boat". .. P -Major General C.C. Mann (VCGS) In 1938. Colonel Archer Fonescue Duguid published the first and only volume of his Canadian Official History of the First World War. It was eagerly anticipated as the Historical Section had been directed to compile such a history in 192 1. and many veterans as well as the public. were puzzled by the delay in publication. Despite delays. however. reviewers were generally satisfied with the results. Writing in the Legionary. W.W. Murray, declared it a "masterly work of great care and precision", while W.B. Kerr believed it would be "at the base of all future accounts and studies of the Canadian operations with which it deals". C.P.Stacey wrote that it was "astonishingly complete" and would later refer to it as "one of the soundest pieces of historical work ever produced in ~anada".' It was hoped that the positive response would hasten completion of the remaining seven volumes; but nine years later and with seemingly little progress made. the project was canceled. Although the initial reaction was favourable, it would not prove to be lasting. Today. Duguid's history is often overlooked for Colonel G.W.L. Nicholson's Canadian E.rpeditionary Force. 1914-I91 9 ( 1962), a one volume history of the entire war. Stacey. who would assume Duguid's position as Director of the Historical Section in 1945, recanted his positive review. stating that he had been extravagant in his praise. Duguid's contribution even fails to merit a reference in the bibliographic essays of two recent works of Canadian military history by Marc Milner and Robert Bothwell or in an announcement from the Directorate of History. As Jonathan F. Vance notes. Duguid's history seems to have been relegated to reference libraries where it is consulted rather than read, if taken off the shelf at all. Those that do would no doubt greet with surprise Sir Andrew Macphail's assessment that the work is exciting and entertaining th~ou~hout.~ The end result of having 'missed the boat', as General Mann put it. and the adoption of Nicholson's CEF as the authoritative text on the war. has been the consignment of Duguid and his work to the background of Canadian military history. Thus. it is hardly surprising that few attempts have been made to fully explain why the project was abandoned. Nicholson. while acknowledging the value of Duguid's work. gives no explanation. simply stating that it was canceled after the Second World War. Reviewing Nicholson's volume. Cyril Falls went so far as to claim that the reasons why it was canceled were "fairly well known and need not be discussed". Historians seem to have taken this to hean
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