Diet – Diocese in Europe Times

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Diet – Diocese in Europe Times Diet – Diocese in Europe Times An e-bulletin of news, information and notes for clergy and lay leaders sharing in the ministry within the Diocese. AUTUMN UPDATES PRE-CHRISTMAS EDITION Welcome to the second edition of this occasional newsletter from the Communications Committee, keeping clergy, Readers and lay leaders, churchwardens, secretaries and treasurers updated about news and developments in our diocese. It aims to focus on matters of more domestic interest to our churches and chaplaincies than can always be included in our website news or The European Anglican. The dual benefit of coming as an electronic newsletter is that it can be read on screen and need not be printed out (saving resources) and we can include links to other sources with more detailed information. You can even adjust the print size to make for easier reading! If you are aware of courses, events or information which could usefully be shared please contact [email protected] so we can include it in our next edition. If other church officers in your locality might benefit from this resource please share a copy with them by email. IN THIS ISSUE New faces in London and Brussels Diocesan Strategy latest Important Safeguarding updates Notes and news from Bishop’s Council Tweets and web updates Synod election results Clergy appointments News bulletin and information sharing WELCOME TO NEW DIOCESAN AND BISHOP’S OFFICE TEAM MEMBERS Gail Wilmet has joined Bishop Robert’s Brussels Office in a consultative role and on a part-time basis. She will have regular contact with the Diocesan Office in London to facilitate the exchange of information between both offices and will also support Bishop Robert’s ministry when he is in his London office. Gail comes to the Brussels office with huge experience of working at the European Parliament in its Administration. Lucy Dollman began work on September 1 and is already getting to grips with her new responsibilities as Administrative Secretary, dealing particularly with the finance and travel aspects of the Bishop’s ministry and office. Before coming to work in the Diocese Lucy was Events Coordinator at University of Roehampton. Having recently moved to Brussels, she is settling in to a new home and job, as well as discovering all the good things of life in Belgium. We welcome two newcomers to the Safeguarding Team, based at Diocesan Office in London. Ian Carter, a former police Inspector with Essex Police and has special skills and experience in child protection and the wider issues involved, has been appointed Interim Safeguarding Manager and Consultant. He has overall responsibility for Safeguarding matters in the diocese. For the time being, Ian is also acting as the Safeguarding Adviser (the role previously undertaken by Chris Lees). Ian has served at a high level in the Essex Police and has recently completed a period of two years in a similar role with the Diocesan of Chelmsford [email protected] Kathrine Harris is our Safeguarding Administrator , based in the Diocesan Office, working on DBS checking, rolling-out level 1 electronic training and servicing meetings of the Safeguarding Advisory Committee (under the Chairmanship of Charles Clark). Please contact Kathrine if you have queries relating to training or DBS checks. [email protected] DIOCESAN STRATEGY DEVELOPMENTS For the past year Synods and groups across Europe have been presented with a series of statements and suggestions about what our churches are here for, how well we do, what we should be doing and how we can do more in the future. Bishop Robert has visited many of these groups and explained the background to the plan, “Walking Together in Faith” which was first discussed at Diocesan Synod in Cologne in June. The challenge now is to convert the carefully crafted words into practical ambitions and plans for action. The Bishop has asked those who have seen the strategy to discuss it in small groups and suggest a series of practical priorities. “This focusses the mind wonderfully” he says “and I have been amazed at the variety of good ideas that come out of different audiences across the diocese.” The five priorities are to build up a common purpose by:- Building up the Body of Christ and fostering growth Sharing with other churches and agencies in the evangelisation of Europe Striving for the creation of a just society and a sustainable environment Working for reconciliation With proper resources (Plans have to be achievable and funded. They also involve using people to their best advantage and taking good care of them) At a national Church of England level the Archbishops and General Synod have endorsed a plan to make Church Commissioners funding available for any diocese that has a scheme that fulfils the strict criteria for grants. Because our diocese may submit a strategy plan by late Spring of 2016, some weeks before the Diocesan Synod meets, it has been agreed that a small group will work on a series of ideas which emerged from the October Bishop’s Council meeting to keep up the momentum. You can read more about this in the December edition of The European Anglican SAFEGUARDING Several recent well publicised cases of historic abuse have served to underline the significance of Safeguarding in the church. Members of Bishop’s Council in October were assured by Bishop Robert that “we are going to change the culture of the Diocese in Europe to demonstrate that we take safeguarding seriously.” There are a number of changes and new aids to help individual congregations fulfil their obligations as safe churches. He told Council members that a Core Group which had been set up to investigate allegations of abuse by the late Bishop John Satterthwaite is due to meet in November to consider how the matter was handled and conclude the “lessons learned”. TRAINING More than a hundred people have now completed the online training package for basic safeguarding with the emphasis on children and young people. Everyone who needs safeguarding clearance is required to do this course. A new course on keeping “vulnerable adults” safe is due to be released by the end of this year. As well as the online training courses the Diocese is looking to recruit more than 20 people with training skills who will be invited to a “train the trainers” course in the Spring of 2016. They would then be available to offer face to face group training at local and regional level. Safeguarding Administrator Katherine Harris now supervises applications for safeguarding clearance for anyone in local churches who needs it. The provider of these certificates has changed and APCS (Access Personal Checking Services) now issue them. Anyone in doubt about whether they need clearance for their local church role can check out the guidelines on the diocesan website or consult Kathryn. SAFEGUARDING POLICY A full and extensive revision of the diocesan Safeguarding policy is almost complete and is due to be published before the end of 2015. It updates and upgrades the earlier versions and should be easier to understand. This will mark a minimum standard across the Diocese. If local law in stronger on any item then that will apply to make it even stronger in that country. The policy, or protocol (which is a clearer title for it) identifies key responsibilities and who is responsible for which aspect of Safeguarding in the local church. It also has guidance on staff selection, whether for paid or voluntary roles and the importance of keeping full notes and records for future reference. Links to the protocol and other training updates will be included in the next edition of this newsletter. NOTES FROM BISHOP’S COUNCIL – OCTOBER 2015 With technology changing ever more rapidly the diocese is preparing to adopt a new “web based” database system which should be a boon to our administration and greatly assist information and communication. The system we will use is being introduced across many of our fellow 41 dioceses of the Church of England. Europe’s schedule for the change is currently set for May 2016. In the wake of the Pilling Report, the Church of England’s “facilitated conversations” on Human Sexuality th th continue. Our 6 diocesan nominees are due to meet between 9 and 11 November. Consultation continues on Church of England wide plans to amend the way ordination candidates are funding. Ministry Team is closely in touch with this and considering how any changes wouod affect the Diocese in Europe which is a “net contributor” of ordinands, particularly young ones – i.e. we produce more from within the diocese than we take in (mainly because our unique structures does not allow as many training posts for curacies as mainland dioceses can). Two “apprentice” schemes are currently in place in Ghent and Brussels in Belgium. The Bishop’s Senior Staff meeting has approved a document which outlines the commitments and responsibilities for churches taking on clergy. It defines the pro-rata expectations of priests in part-time posts or on a “house for duty” basis. It also outlines the standards expected in clergy accommodation. In the UK all other dioceses use what is known as the “Green guide” which lays down the minimum stanards for Vicarages and other clergy housing. Some churches suffer from long interregnums when growth and mission is hard to maintain. Other congregations find it difficult to prepare to advertise for a new priest to lead them. Occasionally churches look in on themselves and need a skilled and experienced person to help them get back on their feet. Interim Ministry is being considered in the Diocese to put a temporary priest into a church for between six and twelve months.
Recommended publications
  • Archeacon of Gibraltar and Archdeacon of Italy and Malta
    The Bishop in Europe: The Right Reverend Dr. Robert Innes The Suffragan Bishop in Europe: The Right Reverend David Hamid ARCHEACON OF GIBRALTAR AND ARCHDEACON OF ITALY AND MALTA Statement from the Bishops The Diocese in Europe is the 42nd Diocese of the Church of England. We are by far the biggest in terms of land area, as we range across over 42 countries in a territory approximately matching that covered by the Council of Europe, as well as Morocco. We currently attract unprecedented interest within the Church of England, as we are that part of the Church that specifically maintains links with continental Europe at a time of political uncertainty between the UK and the rest of Europe. Along with that, we have been in the fortunate position of being able to recruit some very high calibre lay and ordained staff. To help oversee our vast territory we have two bishops, the Diocesan Bishop Robert Innes who is based in Brussels, and the Suffragan Bishop David Hamid who is based in London. We have a diocesan office within Church House Westminster. We maintain strong connections with staff in the National Church Institutions. Importantly, and unlike English dioceses, our chaplaincies pay for their own clergy, and the diocese has relatively few support staff. Each appointment matters greatly to us. The diocesan strategy was formulated and approved over the course of 2015. We are emphasising our commitment to building up congregational life, our part in the re- evangelisation of the continent; our commitment to reconciliation at every level; and our particular role in serving the poor, the marginalised and the migrant.
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  • Bishop's Statement
    Suffragan Bishop: The Right Reverend David Hamid A Statement from Bishop David on St Alban’s Church, Copenhagen. A Supplement to the Chaplaincy Profile - 15 August 2008 Archdeaconry and Diocese St Alban’s Copenhagen is part of the Archdeaconry of Germany and Northern Europe, and the Deanery of the Nordic Baltic States, within the Diocese in Europe. The chaplain is required to participate, along with the lay representatives, in the life of the Archdeaconry and Deanery. The synodical life has for several years focussed around the Deanery which meets for about 3 days residentially each year. (The position of Archdeacon of Germany and Northern Europe is presently vacant). The Revd Nicholas Howe, the chaplain in Stockholm, is the Area Dean. Each archdeaconry in the diocese has a lead bishop, either the Diocesan Bishop or the Suffragan Bishop, to provide pastoral care for the clergy and congregations, oversight of routine vacancy and appointment processes, care of title curates, consultation with mission agencies, strategic direction, mission planning and new initiatives. The Suffragan Bishop in Europe is the lead bishop for the Archdeaconry of Germany and Northern Europe. Ecumenical and Inter-Church Relations The Diocese in Europe has a distinct ecumenical vocation and our priests have a key role in carrying out this vocation. The diocesan guidelines and regulations state that the Diocese in Europe seeks “to minister and engage in mission in partnership with other Churches especially the historic Churches of the countries in which we live”. The major Church partner in Denmark is the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark. Although not a signatory to the Porvoo Common Statement, this Church has observer status at Porvoo meetings.
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  • Jewel Cave National Monument Historic Resource Study
    PLACE OF PASSAGES: JEWEL CAVE NATIONAL MONUMENT HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY 2006 by Gail Evans-Hatch and Michael Evans-Hatch Evans-Hatch & Associates Published by Midwestern Region National Park Service Omaha, Nebraska _________________________________ i _________________________________ ii _________________________________ iii _________________________________ iv Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1: First Residents 7 Introduction Paleo-Indian Archaic Protohistoric Europeans Rock Art Lakota Lakota Spiritual Connection to the Black Hills Chapter 2: Exploration and Gold Discovery 33 Introduction The First Europeans United States Exploration The Lure of Gold Gold Attracts Euro-Americans to Sioux Land Creation of the Great Sioux Reservation Pressure Mounts for Euro-American Entry Economic Depression Heightens Clamor for Gold Custer’s 1874 Expedition Gordon Party & Gold-Seekers Arrive in Black Hills Chapter 3: Euro-Americans Come To Stay: Indians Dispossessed 59 Introduction Prospector Felix Michaud Arrives in the Black Hills Birth of Custer and Other Mining Camps Negotiating a New Treaty with the Sioux Gold Rush Bust Social and Cultural Landscape of Custer City and County Geographic Patterns of Early Mining Settlements Roads into the Black Hills Chapter 4: Establishing Roots: Harvesting Resources 93 Introduction Milling Lumber for Homes, Mines, and Farms Farming Railroads Arrive in the Black Hills Fluctuating Cycles in Agriculture Ranching Rancher Felix Michaud Harvesting Timber Fires in the Forest Landscapes of Diversifying Uses _________________________________ v Chapter 5: Jewel Cave: Discovery and Development 117 Introduction Conservation Policies Reach the Black Hills Jewel Cave Discovered Jewel Cave Development The Legal Environment Developing Jewel Cave to Attract Visitors The Wind Cave Example Michauds’ Continued Struggle Chapter 6: Jewel Cave Under the U.S.
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  • GS 1548 TABLE of CONTENTS Chapter Title Page No 1
    GS 1548 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Title Page No 1 Introduction 1 2 The General Synod and Europe 4 3 The European Constitution 9 4 The Church of England’s Engagement 14 with Europe 5 Conclusion 35 Appendices A November 1972 General Synod Motion 38 On Europe B Submissions by the Conference of European 39 Churches to the Convention on the Future of Europe CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Europe is both a territorial land mass and an idea. Throughout its history Europe has been a source of division and contest. Competing and often irreconcilable forces have often developed, and sometimes imposed, their own views as to what ‘Europe’ constitutes. Europe has never had clear or settled boundaries. Attempts to define Europe, either in terms of geography, culture, religion, politics, social or economic interaction, invariably produce different boundaries. The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, for instance, sees Europe as stretching from ‘Vancouver to Vladivostock’. This contrasts with the Europe of Western Catholic Christendom which stretches from ‘Dublin to Lublin’. The easternmost regions of the Continent – lands evangelised by the Eastsern Orthodox Churches – have a particularly ambiguous attitude to the idea and new structures of Europe, especially after a century of revolution and totalitarian communism. 2. This definitional uncertainty means that Europe has often been defined by what it is not. Thus Europe stops where Asia or Africa begins; or where traditional Christendom gives way to other creeds. Following the end of the Second World War, Europe has become more closely associated with the European Union. Countries that accede to the EU are seen as joining Europe.
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  • Extensions of Remarks
    February 25, 1992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3397 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE PEACE PROCESS IN EL Jesuit University of Central America and losing the crop and thus El Salvador's sec­ SALVADOR brutally killed six priests, a housekeeper and ond-largest source of foreign capital after her daughter. · the United States' contribution to the war Salvadorans long for assurances that these effort. If the majority of people were gain­ HON. MICHAEL R. McNULlY massacres will end. They know it is not fully employed in a stable economy, there OF NEW YORK enough to sign a document saying "the would be no workers for the harvest. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Armed Forces and the F.M.L.N. will respect Salvadoran export economy, therefore, de­ human rights." Such assurances have been pends as much on seasonal unemployment Tuesday, February 25, 1992 offered in the past. Called, variously, "mes­ and underemployment (from February until Mr. McNULTY. Mr. Speaker, one of my con­ sages," " symbols, " "indications" and "signs October) as on available labor from Novem­ stituents, Sister Jane Brooks, CSJ, was kind of peace," they have been ineffectual. Mas­ ber until January. The wages from the harvest are low and enough to send me a very important article sacres are not the cause of El Salvador's problems, they are a consequence of larger are used to purchase clothing or shoes for entitled, "The Peace Process in El Salvador injustices. The dialogue for peace must ad­ the children and possibly a few Christmas (A Hermeneutic of Suspicion)," by the Rev­ dress the underlying causes of the conflict as presents.
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  • Archdeacons News
    THE ARCHDEACONS’ FORUM for the Church of England and the Church in Wales Archdeacons’ News Bulletin no. 41 February 2019 from Norman Boakes Archdeacons’ National Development Officer It was wonderful to see so many archdeacons at the national conference Dealers in Hope in January. I think it was our largest attendance for very many years and the atmosphere and collegiality were inspiring and affirming. We were also blessed with very good speakers. The worship framework offered by Hopeweavers really did weave prayer, worship and hope through the conference. Thank you to all those who attended and participated so fully and thank you also to those who have shared their reflections on the conference already. If there is anything you would like the Forum Executive to consider when we review the event and start the planning for the next one, please send it to me by the end of February. In case anyone is interested, Jessica Martin has sent me an electronic copy of her address Hope, Desire and the Unexpected which she gave during our Closing Eucharist. If you would like a copy, just let me know. For those of us with Welsh connections, this year is one of those rare occasions when we can celebrate St David’s Day outside of Lent. Whatever you are planning for Lent, I hope it will be a time which allows for space and renewal, and an opportunity to continue reflections on how we may better be Dealers in Hope. With all good wishes and prayers, Norman [email protected] 023 8076 7735 * * * * * 1 A reminder – in this newsletter, if something has a purple heading and a black text, it is new material; if it has a black heading and grey text, it has been here before.
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  • CHAPLAIN of ST. PAUL's TERVUREN Statement from The
    The Bishop in Europe: The Right Reverend Dr. Robert Innes CHAPLAIN OF ST. PAUL’S TERVUREN Statement from the Diocesan Bishop The Diocese in Europe is the 42nd Diocese of the Church of England. We are by far the biggest in terms of land area, as we range across over 40 countries in a territory approximately matching that covered by the Council of Europe. Our diocesan strategy emphasises our commitment to building up congregational life, our part in the re-evangelisation of the continent; our commitment to reconciliation at every level; and our particular role in serving the poor, the marginalised and the migrant. In the wake of the Brexit vote, Anglican commitment to sister churches in continental Europe appears even more important, and the Diocese in Europe currently attracts an unprecedented level of interest within the Church of England. St. Paul’s Tervuren was planted in 1988 from the Pro-Cathedral of Holy Trinity. It was intended to provide worship for the large community of ex-pats who live on the beautiful and forested east side of the city. The plant was an immediate success! Over its life St. Paul’s has used Catholic premises and, most especially, the British School of Brussels (BSB). Plans at various times to build its own premises never quite came to fruition. Meeting in the BSB has significant ongoing advantages in terms of costs, but it does mean dealing with access problems and maintaining the best possible relationships with the school. St. Paul’s is an Evangelical community with worship influenced by the Charismatic movement.
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  • An Environmental History of the Middle Rio Grande Basin
    CHAPTER 3 HUMAN SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, POPULATIONS, AND RESOURCE USE This chapter presents an overview, in three main sec- reasoning, judgment, and his ideas of enjoyment, tions, of the ways in which each of the three major eco- as well as his education and government (Hughes cultures of the area has adapted to the various ecosys- 1983: 9). tems of the Middle Rio Grande Basin. These groups consist of the American Indians, Hispanos, and Anglo-Americans. This philosophy permeated all aspects of traditional Within the American Indian grouping, four specific Pueblo life; ecology was not a separate attitude toward groups—the Pueblo, Navajo, Apache, and Ute—are dis- life but was interrelated with everything else in life. cussed in the context of their interactions with the environ- Another perspective on Native Americans was given by ment (Fig. 15). The Hispanic population is discussed as a Vecsey and Venables (1980: 23): single group, although the population was actually com- posed of several groups, notably the Hispanos from Spain To say that Indians existed in harmony with na- or Mexico, the genizaros (Hispanicized Indians from Plains ture is a half-truth. Indians were both a part of and other regional groups), mestizos (Hispano-Indio nature and apart from nature in their own “mix”), and mulatos (Hispano-Black “mix”). Their views world view. They utilized the environment ex- and uses of the land and water were all very similar. Anglo- tensively, realized the differences between hu- Americans could also be broken into groups, such as Mor- man and nonhuman persons, and felt guilt for mon, but no such distinction is made here.
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  • The Church of St Thomas Becket, Hamburg, Germany Full-Time Chaplain
    THE CHURCH OF ST THOMAS BECKET, HAMBURG, GERMANY FULL-TIME CHAPLAIN The Bishop seeks to appoint a priest to serve a lively and international congregation as well as the wider English-speaking community of one of the largest ports in Europe. For a parish profile and numerous other details, see www.anglican-church-hamburg.de. Attendance at Sunday Eucharist varies between ninety to one hundred and ten worshippers from more than fifteen different nationalities, albeit mostly from an Anglican background. Hamburg is a vibrant city with a bustling harbour, abundant theatre and music attractions, extensive gardens and parks and interconnected waterways suitable for sports such as rowing or sailing. Stipend, pension contributions (to both the Church of England Pension Scheme, if applicable, and the German Pension Scheme), accommodation (not, however, barrier free) and expenses provided. Public transportation is excellent; therefore a driving licence is not essential. Knowledge of the German language, while desirable, is not a prerequisite, as the congregation is largely bilingual and willing to offer support in integration with the Hamburg community. Further information and application form from: Appointments Secretary – Barbara Omoro Office of the Bishop in Europe, 47 rue Capitaine Crespel. Bte 49, 1050 Brussels. Belgium E: [email protected] Please contact Archdeacon David Waller, [email protected] if you would like an informal discussion about this post. Closing Date: Wednesday 1st October Interviews: Monday 19th October 2020 There is a commitment to safeguarding children, young people and vulnerable adults. Safeguarding Policies (vetting and screening) will apply to this post The Diocese in Europe is keen to encourage applications from Women and candidates from BAME backgrounds, who are currently under-represented in senior positions in the Diocese.
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  • London Metropolitan Archives Diocese Of
    LONDON METROPOLITAN ARCHIVES Page 1 DIOCESE OF GIBRALTAR CLC/319 Reference Description Dates ESTABLISHMENT AND EXTENT OF THE DIOCESE CLC/319/A/001/MS20965 Circular from the Foreign Office concerning the 1842 creation of the see of Gibraltar and a copy listing those places to which the original was sent. 1 envelope containing 2 double sheets Former reference: MS 20965. CLC/319/A/002/MS32527 Summary of the provisions made by the letters [196 - ?] patent of 1842 establishing the see of Gibraltar. 1 item in envelope Former reference: MS 32527. CLC/319/A/003/MS20966 Letter from Charles James Blomfield, Bishop of 1852 London, to Dr Francis Twiss, concerning the origins of the Bishop of London's juridiction overseas and the subsequent transfer of part of that jurisdiction to the Bishop of Gibraltar. 1 envelope containing 2 items Former reference: MS 20966 CLC/319/A/004/MS32528 Correspondence with the Foreign Office 1869 concerning the"spiritual superintendence"exercised by the Bishop of London in Spain, Portugal, on the coast of Morocco, in the Canary Islands, on the shores of the Black Sea and on the Lower Danube and devolving it to the Bishop of Gibraltar. Typescript and manuscript. 1 envelope containing 2 items Former reference: MS 32528 CLC/319/A/005/MS32529 Transcript of Privy Council minutes, 1st October 1883 1633, placing the Merchant Adventurers Company under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of London as their diocesan, and associated correspondence. 1 envelope containing 3 items Former reference: MS 32529 CLC/319/A/006/MS20968 Legal papers and correspondence relating to 1874 letters patent of 1873 purporting to revoke the constitution of the see of Gibraltar, with papers relating to the consecration of Charles Waldegrave Sandford as Bishop of Gibraltar.
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  • Gothenburg and Canterbury
    Gothenburg and Canterbury The Church of England, the English Congregation in Gothenburg, & the Church of Sweden. A talk for St Andrew’s Week 2007 What is the Church of England doing in Sweden? Originally, the answer was: providing a place of worship, in the English language and in the established tradition, for British subjects living in and around Stockholm and Gothenburg. And though never primarily a mission to seamen (unlike the Danish and Norwegian churches here), that has also been part of our function from time to time. Today, the focus has shifted, and church membership, once limited to those who were British by birth, descent or marriage, is now truly international. But we are part of the Church of England, not only of the wider Anglican Communion, as members of the Church of England Diocese in Europe. On my installation as Priest-in-Charge of St Andrew‟s, I was required to swear to “pay true and canonical obedience to the Lord Bishop of Gibraltar in Europe and his successors in all things lawful and honest” – though, unlike the priest- in-charge of an English parish I was not, on that occasion, required to swear allegiance to Queen Elizabeth II. I shall look at the history of this chaplaincy, and of its connections with the churches of England and Sweden, and then discuss some of the challenges for the future. The Right to Worship1 In Sweden as in England, the course of the Reformation fluctuated under successive monarchs. The result in Sweden was a state church clearly identified with the Lutheran tradition, while the Church of England continued to work its way to what would eventually be called “Anglican”, influenced by followers of both Luther and Calvin but declaring allegiance to neither.
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  • Language Change and Variation in Gibraltar IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society
    Language Change and Variation in Gibraltar IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society IMPACT publishes monographs, collective volumes, and text books on topics in sociolinguistics. The scope of the series is broad, with special emphasis on areas such as language planning and language policies; language conflict and language death; language standards and language change; dialectology; diglossia; discourse studies; language and social identity (gender, ethnicity, class, ideology); and history and methods of sociolinguistics. General Editor Ana Deumert Monash University Advisory Board Peter Auer Marlis Hellinger University of Freiburg University of Frankfurt am Main Jan Blommaert Elizabeth Lanza Ghent University University of Oslo Annick De Houwer William Labov University of Antwerp University of Pennsylvania J. Joseph Errington Peter L. Patrick Yale University University of Essex Anna Maria Escobar Jeanine Treffers-Daller University of Illinois at Urbana University of the West of England Guus Extra Victor Webb Tilburg University University of Pretoria Volume 23 Language Change and Variation in Gibraltar by David Levey Language Change and Variation in Gibraltar David Levey University of Cádiz John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Levey, David. Language change and variation in Gibraltar / David Levey. p. cm. (IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society, issn 1385-7908 ; v. 23) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Linguistic change--Gibraltar. 2. Sociolinguistics--Gibraltar. 3. Languages in contact-- Gibraltar. 4. Gibraltar--Languages--Variation. I. Title. P40.5.L542G55 2008 417'.7094689--dc22 2007045794 isbn 978 90 272 1862 9 (Hb; alk.
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