Gupta BM, et al., J Brain Neursci 2021, 5: 017 HSOA Journal of Brain & Neuroscience Research Research Article neurodegenerative disease [1-3]. As the PD disease worsens, non- Parkinson’s Disease Research by motor symptoms begin to impact the quality of life [4,5]. The pathological features of the Parkinson disease result from the India: A Scientometric Assessment substantial cell loss or cell deaths in the substantianigra (a region of the midbrain) [4] and the concomitant loss of Dopamine (DA) of Publications Output for the neurotransmitter or not enough dopamine in this region of the brain. Though the cause of cell death is poorly understood, but it does Period 1990-2019 involve the build-up or deposition of proteins within the brain as intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies in the neurons [4,6,7]. 1 2 Gupta BM * and Dhawan SM The disease is clinically manifested after the death of ~70% of these 1CSIR-NISTADS, New Delhi, India neurons [4,6]. The symptoms usually emerge slowly [4]. Early in the 2CSIR-NPL, New Delhi, India disease, the most obvious symptoms are shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with walking [4]. Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur [2]. Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease [7]. Depression and anxiety are also Abstract common, occurring in more than a third of people with PD [5]. Other symptoms include sensory, sleep, and emotional problems [1,2]. The The paper analyzes Parkinson’s disease research publications main motor symptoms are collectively called “parkinsonism” or a output by India in the global context using bibliometric indicators “parkinsonian syndrome” [4,6]. with the purpose to assess and evaluate the research productivity and impact of the country in the subject. The publications data for Parkinson disease has been the subject of intense research across study was sourced from the Scopus database covering the 30-year the world ever since it was first discovered around 200 years ago. period 1990-2019. The study reveals that the global research in The literature in the subject has by far grown significantly in volume. the domain of Parkinsons’s disease is highly skewed. The top 15 Among the bibliometric studies at international level, Xue, Hu, Lai, most productive countries in the subject account for a 99.59% global Cai and Wen [8] studied 100 most-cited articles (receiving 669 to publications share. The USA is the world leader in the subject with 6902 citations per paper and appearing between 1996 and 2000) on a 31.71% global share, followed by U.K., Germany, Italy, Japan and China (from 6.16% to 10.20%), etc. India ranks as the 13th most Parkinson’s disease to evaluate research on metrics such as citation productive country in the world with a global publications share of number, publication time, journal, impact factor, authors, original 2.35% (3149 publications). India registered a 22% annual growth country, institution of corresponding author and study type. Li, rate in the subject, averaged citation impact of 19.08 citations Ho and Li [9] assessed quantitative and qualitative global trends per paper, and published 21.88% of its country output as a share in Parkinson’s disease literature 1991-2006 on measures such as of international collaborative papers. The paper identifies most scientific output, world collaboration, and the frequency of author productive organizations, most cited organizations, most productive keywords used. The keywords analysis helped to identify research authors, and most cited authors. The paper also identifies the most trends and recent hot spots. Yang, Wang, Tang, Wang and Bao [10] productive journals and the most cited journals. examined publication trends in stem-cell research in the context of Keywords: Bibliometrics; Indian publications; Parkinson’s disease; Parkinson’s disease and studied the bibliometric characteristics of Scientometrics top-cited articles, published between 1999 and 2018, on metrics such as annual outputs, distribution by journals, countries/regions, and institutions. The authors also studied global collaborations between Introduction publications and tracked the growing hotspots using MeSH terms. Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is recognized as the most common At the national level, Gupta and Bala [11] examined the research age-related movement disorder and the second most common output of India in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) during 2002-2011. The bibliometric indicators used for analysis include: Research output, *Corresponding author: Gupta BM, CSIR-NISTADS, New Delhi, India, E-mail: [email protected] research growth, country rank in global publications, citation impact, international collaboration, major collaborators and publication Citation: Gupta BM, Dhawan SM (2021) Parkinson’s Disease Research by productivity. They also analyzed research output by subject sub-fields India: A Scientometric Assessment of Publications Output for the Period 1990-2019. J Brain Neursci 5: 017. and described bibliometrics characteristics of the leading institutions and authors and of highly-cited papers in the subject. Received: February 16, 2021; Accepted: February 22, 2021; Published: March 01, 2021 Materials and Methods Copyright: © 2021 Gupta BM, et al. This is an open-access article distributed The data for the present study was sourced from the Scopus under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the database. It is one of the most reliable international multidisciplinary original author and source are credited. citation databases (http://www.scopus.com) by Elsevier Science Citation: Gupta BM, Dhawan SM (2021) Parkinson’s Disease Research by India: A Scientometric Assessment of Publications Output for the Period 1990-2019. J Brain Neursci 5: 017. • Page 2 of 3 • and most widely used for bibliometric studies [12]. The Scopus has a slight edge in the coverage of health sciences, medicine and Publication World India environmental science journals over the Web of Science or PubMed Period TP TP TC CPP TP (%) ICP ICP (%) [13]. The strategy applied for data retrieval was as follows. Here, 1990 1524 7 51 7.29 0.46 0 0 the keyword “Parkinson*” was suffixed to search tags -- “Key” 1991 1420 10 64 6.4 0.7 1 10 (Keyword) and “Title” (Title of Paper) -- and the time frame for 1992 1650 5 68 13.6 0.3 0 0 search output was limited to -- 1990 till June, 2019. This main search 1993 1738 3 19 6.33 0.17 1 33.33 strategy so formulated yielded a total of 208902 records as the world 1994 1724 7 195 27.86 0.41 3 42.86 output in the subject. The global search output was refined manually 1995 1908 11 291 26.45 0.58 1 9.09 to 133731 records. The final search output was further refined by 1996 1935 8 105 13.13 0.41 4 50 country of publication (including India) to identify the top 15 most 1997 2254 17 440 25.88 0.75 1 5.88 productive countries in the domain of Parkinson’s disease research. 1998 2296 13 312 24 0.57 1 7.69 The search string (shown below) for sourcing India’s output in the 1999 1638 13 325 25 0.79 3 23.08 subject yielded 3149 records. These records were further analyzed 2000 2884 25 593 23.72 0.87 1 4 by document types including original articles, reviews, letters and 2001 2887 24 401 16.71 0.83 5 20.83 editorials, etc [14-17]. 2002 3338 20 804 40.2 0.6 3 15 (KEY(Parkinson*) or TITLE (Parkinson*)) and PUBYEAR > 1989 2003 3839 43 1931 44.91 1.12 6 13.95 AND PUBYEAR < 2020 and (LIMIT-TO (AFFILCOUNTRY,”India”)) 2004 4126 40 1263 31.58 0.97 8 20 2005 4374 50 2804 56.08 1.14 14 28 Analysis and Results 2006 4739 63 2441 38.75 1.33 11 17.46 Overall publication output & growth 2007 5057 69 1850 26.81 1.36 12 17.39 2008 5280 76 1912 25.16 1.44 18 23.68 As seen from Scopus database, the global research in the domain of 2009 5620 104 4597 44.2 1.85 20 19.23 Parkinson disease accumulated a total of 133731 publications during 2010 6149 136 4204 30.91 2.21 23 16.91 the 30-year period 1990-2019, with an average of 4457.7 papers 2011 6456 141 2932 20.79 2.18 28 19.86 per year. During the period, India contributed a 2.35% share (3139 2012 6998 174 3471 19.95 2.49 36 20.69 publications) to the global publications output, with an average of 2013 7164 195 4467 22.91 2.72 44 22.56 104.6 papers per year, and registered 22% annual growth compared to 2014 7009 249 5445 21.87 3.55 50 20.08 world average of 7.06% in the subject. Compared to 15-year absolute 2015 7339 242 7213 29.81 3.3 54 22.31 growth (108.34%) registered by the world between 1990-2004 and 2016 7756 317 3204 10.11 4.09 66 20.82 2005-2019, the corresponding growth by India in the subject was ten times faster (1080.08%). This sort of growth trend in the data seeks 2017 7957 321 6002 18.7 4.03 71 22.12 to reveal that India’s growth in the 2nd half of the study period was 2018 8149 386 1924 4.98 4.74 99 25.65 significantly faster compared to its 1st half. The citation impact of 2019 8523 380 749 1.97 4.46 105 27.63 India averaged to 19.08 citations per paper (CPP) during 1990-2019 1990-2004 35161 246 6862 27.89 0.7 38 15.45 (Table 1, Figure 1).