ANNUAL REPORT 2010 UNFPA OUR MISSION: UNFPA, the Population Fund, is an international development agency that promotes the right of every woman, man and child to enjoy a life of health and equal opportunity.

UNFPA supports countries in using population data for policies and programmes to reduce and to ensure that every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, every young person is free of HIV and AIDS, and every girl and woman is treated with dignity and respect.

UNFPA—because everyone counts.

PHOTOS

Cover: Midwife with obstetric fistula survivors at hospital in Dili, Timor-Leste. ©VII Photo/Ron Haviv

Foreword: Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations. ©UN Photo/Mark Garten

Contents: School near Gaza City. ©UNICEF/Giacomo Pirozzi Woman takes part in a forum on the sidelines of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancùn, . ©Reuters/Jorge Silva Women in Turkmenistan. ©Panos Pictures/George Georgiou

From the Executive Director: Babatunde Osotimehin. ©UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe

Population and Development: Kolkata, . ©UN Photo/Kibae Park

Reproductive Health and Rights: Maternal health care for survivors of flood in Pakistan. ©Jameel Ahmed/Walkabout Films

Gender, Culture and Human Rights: Self-defense training in Monrovia, Liberia. ©VII Photo/Marcus Bleasdale

Resources and Management: Cash-for-work programme in Haiti. ©UN Photo/Sophia Paris

2 Resources and Management ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Foreword

The work of UNFPA is world. While progress in reaching the fundamental to our drive Development Goals is lagging in key areas, particularly to reach the Millennium maternal health, we have the necessary knowledge and Development Goals and tools to reverse this trend. That makes this a propitious improve the status of women time for greater investment in UNFPA and its agenda. worldwide. As poverty and The Global Strategy on Women and Children’s Health other entrenched challenges launched in September 2010 has generated important are exacerbated by threats momentum, attracting both the engagement of all key such as natural disasters, stakeholders as well as an impressive $40 billion in economic shocks and conflicts, this contribution concrete commitments for the next five years. becomes even more indispensable. If we can truly make real the new steps in policy- This was clearly the case in Haiti during the year cov- making, funding and service delivery called for in the ered by this report. The country’s development and Strategy, it will mark a major step forward in protect- security challenges were already severe when a powerful ing the health of vulnerable women and children earthquake caused widespread devastation in January. worldwide. As Haitians struggled to recover, UNFPA quickly mobi- lized to provide emergency support to pregnant women Progress will do more than help individuals; it will and newborns. The Fund supplied hospitals, mobile uplift whole societies. Women’s well-being can drive clinics and non-governmental relief agencies with safe economic growth, promote peace and advance develop- delivery and reproductive health kits, enabling them ment and social justice. Children who are nourished to meet the needs of 150,000 women. This critical and cared for today can usher in a better future tomor- support saved lives, prevented injuries and helped to row. Gender equality is not just a matter for women; restore some measure of normalcy. it will benefit all people.

The events in Haiti served as a stark reminder of the By documenting UNFPA’s many achievements in 2010, importance of ensuring that UNFPA has sustained this report should help all those supporting its work to and predictable funding for its work throughout the ensure even greater success in the years to come.

Ban Ki-moon Secretary-General of the United Nations

Foreword i Contents

i Foreword

iii From the Executive Director

1 Population and Development

9 Reproductive Health and Rights

21 Gender, Culture and Human Rights

29 Resources and Management

Tables and Charts

29 Income and Expenditures 2010

29 Top Donors to UNFPA

30 Expenditures by Country Group

30 Expenditures by Region

31 UNFPA Assistance by Region

31 UNFPA Assistance by Programme Area

32 Where UNFPA Works

34 UNFPA Assistance by Implementing Agency

35 2010 Project Expenditures

36 2010 Donor Commitments and Payments

IV FOREWORD ANNUAL REPORT 2010

From the Executive Director

In 2010 many of the countries In December, the General Assembly extended served by UNFPA, the United the International Conference on Population and Nations Population Fund, Development’s Programme of Action beyond 2014. In continued to make strides accordance with this decision, the General Assembly will toward improving access to re- convene a special session in 2014 to review progress of productive health, empowering the implementation of the Programme of Action and to women, and taking account of renew political support. In the words of my predecessor, population dynamics in formu- Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, “the United Nations Member lating development policies. States have again acknowledged the importance of fully implementing the International Conference on In the area of maternal health, the number of women Population and Development agenda to improve the dying from complications during pregnancy and child- lives of people around the world.” birth worldwide decreased 34 per cent over the past two decades. Another important highlight of 2010 was UNFPA’s de- velopment of a second-generation humanitarian strategy While this progress is notable, the decline is still less to strengthen preparedness, response and recovery, and than half of what is needed to achieve Millennium in that same year, UNFPA responded to emergencies Development Goal 5 to improve maternal health. Greater including floods in Pakistan, the earthquake in Haiti, action is needed to reach the two targets to reduce mater- a severe winter in Mongolia, civil unrest in Kyrgyzstan, nal deaths by 75 per cent from 1990 levels, and achieve a volcano eruption in Indonesia and a cyclone in universal access to reproductive health by 2015. Myanmar. UNFPA support ranged from providing ma- ternal and reproductive health care to the protection of While significant progress has been made in expanding women and girls from gender-based violence. access to reproductive health services, progress remains uneven across regions and income groups and within As UNFPA’s new Executive Director, I will build on the countries, where disparities often persist among the organization’s accomplishments so that UNFPA will wealthiest and poorest women, the best-educated and the become a more efficient and effective organization. I least-educated, and among women who live in urban and will strive to improve performance throughout the or- rural areas. ganization. I will work to further strengthen the human resources at UNFPA so that staff members are highly Young women and adolescents continue to face high skilled and motivated, speak with one voice, and share risks to their health, and lack access to information a common vision and unity of purpose. and services. As a result, adolescent birth rates remain high, especially in the least-developed countries. And I will strengthen the capacity of UNFPA to provide an estimated 215 million women, who want to plan or strategic, programmatic and technical guidance, transpar- space their pregnancies, do not have access to modern ent and accountable program formulation, and stronger contraception. monitoring and evaluation. We will improve critical analysis and research so that all we do is evidence-based The Programme of Action of the International Conference to provide better support to countries. on Population and Development aims to empower women to make their own reproductive decisions and promote And in 2011, as we approach a world of 7 billion people, equal rights and opportunities for women and men. UNFPA will further strengthen our vast network of part- UNFPA is committed to supporting countries’ efforts to nerships with governments, women’s organizations and realize these important objectives, and the international youth groups, faith-based institutions, media, parliamen- donor community has rallied behind us, with a record tarians and many others, to accelerate efforts in pursuit $850 million in support of our programmes in 2010. of our shared objectives.

Babatunde Osotimehin

From the Executive Director iii POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT Drawing on population data to make informed decisions and formulate policies that promote sustainable development, reduce poverty and empower women

2 Resources and Management ood policymaking requires reliable data of these countries received UNFPA support through about people. Information and knowledge the organization’s Special Initiative on Census, which Gabout growth, movement, structure, living provided technical assistance as well as assistance with conditions and spatial distribution of a country’s advocacy, training, resource mobilization and dis- population are vital for policy formulation, planning semination of data to planners and civil society. The and implementation and monitoring and evaluation. Special Initiative brings together UNFPA’s technical resources at headquarters and at the organization’s Collecting, analysing, using and disseminating regional and country offices to support national ini- population data are critical to development policies tiatives. The Special Initiative also ensures that 2010 and programmes that make a difference to people’s census data are widely disseminated and used in the lives. Data can inform and increase the effectiveness formulation of development plans and programmes of investments in reproductive health, women’s and and in monitoring and evaluation. youth empowerment, HIV prevention, sustainable development and poverty reduction. Success in Drawing on census data in six African countries achieving the goals of the International Conference with a high incidence of HIV and AIDS, UNFPA on Population and Development, as well as the in 2010 also assisted in an analysis of the impact of Millennium Development Goals, depends in large mortality on development, health and education, part on reliable, complete and accurate data. To make and on youth and the elderly. In addition, UNFPA people count, you must count people. provided support to Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Iraq and Sudan in carrying out In 2010, as in the past 30 years, UNFPA, the United censuses in humanitarian crises. Census staff in 38 Nations Population Fund, helped build countries’ countries received training in census administration capacities for data collection and analysis. and budgeting.

COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA In 2010, UNFPA produced a Census Planning and “To be counted is to become visible,” United Nations Costing Guide to assist national statistical offices, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said on World governments, UNFPA field offices and donor agen- Population Day 2010. “I call on decision makers cies to prepare budgets for carrying out censuses and everywhere to make each and every person count,” analyzing data. he said. The Secretary-General added that a census is “the only statistical operation that covers the whole Surveys are an important vehicle for collecting population and all areas of a country.” demographic and socio-economic data because they provide up-to-date information between censuses. UNFPA supports countries in the collection of data Surveys can provide more information and concep- through censuses, surveys and other means and the tual clarity than censuses since they can explore issues development and application of tools to promote in finer detail. And unlike censuses, which provide a data analysis and dissemination. snapshot of a population at one point in time, surveys can track people over time. UNFPA supported UNFPA’s support for the 2010 global round of surveys in 20 countries in 2010. population and housing censuses helped meet the demand for quality data essential for measuring Highlights progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Armenia , with support from UNFPA, carried out its Development Goals and for providing an evidence first nationwide survey on gender-based violence. The base to guide policymaking towards sustainable findings will be used to promote changes in attitudes development and poverty reduction. UNFPA sup- and to develop new Government policies to address ported censuses in 76 countries in 2010. Fifty-two the problem.

Population and Development 1 In , UNFPA advocated the national statistical expertise will enable the Government to carry system’s collection of data related to the International out censuses. Conference on Population and Development’s Programme of Action. With support from UNFPA, Morocco made a national database on gender-based violence available UNFPA supported the development of Ecuador’s to the ministries of health, social development and population and housing census, carried out by the justice, the national security institution and the National Institute of Statistics and Census. The Gendarmerie Royale, all of which are involved in census not only counted people but also yielded data various aspects of preventing gender-based violence on ethnicity, income, poverty, fertility and consump- or in assisting survivors. tion. Civil society organizations led a campaign to encourage participation by ethnic groups. Togo received support from UNFPA for the country’s first population and housing census in 29 years. In Ethiopia , UNFPA helped the Government in- crease the capacity of its Central Statistical Authority POPULATION DYNAMICS to collect, process, analyse and disseminate gender- AND PUBLIC POLICY disaggregated data. Government policies that promote development and reduce poverty are more likely to succeed if they are In Iraq , UNFPA supported capacity development guided by or take into account population trends for data collection, analysis and monitoring. The and dynamics, such as the rate of urbanization or

INDONESIA COUNTS ITSELF

Throughout May 2010, some variables than the last cen- 700,000 enumerators fanned sus, in 2000. For instance, out across 90,000 villages in 33 questions about disabilities, provinces to give a more precise energy sources, drinking figure to the estimate of the water, languages and tele- country’s population. communications access were included this time. Data collected in May 2010 The 2010 census was are the basis for demographic also more “granular,” projections for the next 10 years providing data at the and will be used as a baseline level of hamlets, while for Government ministries and the population census Census enumerators in Indonesia prepare to institutions in developing future in 2000 only ag- make their rounds. programmes and targets. gregated information ©UNFPA Photo down to the village According to Rusman Heriawan, level. head of Indonesia’s Bureau of Statistics, “this rich data can To prepare for the much be used for development larger 2010 population census, programmes for education, the Indonesian national statistics health, employment, and office worked with UNFPA to poverty alleviation.” develop the overall design and come up with a plan for data The census was more com- processing and analysis. prehensive and covered more

2 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 a change in life expectancies. UNFPA works with UNFPA participated in the formulation of Lesotho’s government institutions to integrate population five-year development plan to ensure that population dynamics into policymaking and the development of issues were factored into poverty-reduction plans. poverty-reduction plans and expenditures. In the Occupied Palestinian Territory , policymakers UNFPA provides financial and technical support to from eight ministries received training in the integra- countries to incorporate population dynamics, repro- tion of population issues into the Palestinian National ductive health, youth and gender in public policies, Sectoral Plans for 2011-2013. poverty reduction plans and expenditure frameworks. It provides policy and programme guidance on issues The findings from the demographic health survey such as migration, ageing, urbanization, and changes carried out in Timor-Leste in 2009 together with in population age structure. the 2010 census informed the State budget for 2011 and reinforced Timor-Leste’s United Nations UNFPA is the only United Nations agency with an Development Assistance Framework, which aims to explicit mandate and the capacity to bring population reduce poverty, promote sustainable livelihoods and dynamics into development policymaking at local, build up basic social services. national, regional and global levels. INVESTING IN YOUNG PEOPLE Highlights “Our world is home to more than 1.8 billion people Bulgaria began developing a national framework between the ages of 10 and 24, and almost 9 out of for “active ageing,” as the share of older people in 10 of them live in developing countries,” Purnima the country grows. UNFPA and Bulgaria’s Ministry Mane, UNFPA Deputy Executive Director said at of Labour enabled a group of Bulgarian experts on the opening of the World Youth Conference in León, ageing to travel to where policymakers are Mexico in August 2010. “Today, more than half of all already confronting a similar demographic challenge. young people live in poverty and survive on less than two dollars a day.” UNFPA supported Colombia’s efforts to incorporate population dynamics into planning by municipalities. Ms. Mane noted that every year, 16 million adolescent girls become mothers, adding that complications from In Côte d’Ivoire , UNFPA supported Government pregnancy are the leading cause of death worldwide efforts to integrate reproductive health, gender, culture among girls 15 to 19 years-old, and approximately and human rights into the National Population Policy. 2,500 youth become newly infected with HIV every day. “The challenges are many. But they are not In Iraq , UNFPA supported the Central Statistics insurmountable. Together we can overcome them if we Organization to prepare for an upcoming Iraqi work together and redouble our efforts to guarantee Women’s Integrated Social and Health Survey, which that all young people have the knowledge, skills and will cover women between the ages of 12 and 90. opportunities to reach their fullest potential.” The findings will guide policies that promote gender equality, women’s empowerment and health initia- Investing in young people’s education, health and tives that address violence against women. employment will ensure better prospects for their own lives and for their countries’ development. Jamaica’s Population Sector Plan, Health Sector Plan Failure to make these investments now will further and Gender Sector Plan all reflect the interlinkages entrench poverty and ignorance for generations to between population dynamics, health and gender come. According to Michael Herrmann, a UNFPA equality. UNFPA collaborated with the Government technical adviser on population and economic and national partners on this effort. development, the “recipe for creating employment”

Population and Development 3 for young people is to invest in their health and United Nations Adolescent Girls Task Force issued education, while investing in the development of a joint statement pledging increased support to productive capacities. “Both are necessary,” he said at developing countries’ efforts to empower girls, the World Youth Conference. particularly those who are between the ages of 10 and 14. “We are convinced that educated, healthy In 2010, UNFPA published a new edition of The and skilled adolescent girls will help build a better Case for Investing in Young People as Part of a National future, advance social justice, support economic Poverty Reduction Strategy . The report argues that a development and combat poverty,” the group wrote. comprehensive national strategy to reduce poverty “They will stay in school, marry later, delay child- must include a major focus on young people, who bearing, have healthier children, and earn better account for more than 30 per cent of the population incomes that will benefit themselves, their families, of 92 countries. communities and nations.”

The report says that investing in young people Highlights makes good economic sense. Young people can Azerbaijan’s Ministry of Youth and Sports and drive economic growth forward, and in the case of UNFPA founded the Azerbaijan Peer Education investing in adolescent girls and young women, the Network to promote policy dialogue by and about positive effects go beyond labour-force participation youth and to coordinate education about reproduc- and productivity. Improvements in the status of girls tive health and rights. and women lead to better maternal health, lower and an increase in reinvestment to developed a national action plan on households and communities. adolescent reproductive health in 2010.

In March 2010 during the annual meeting of the UNFPA provided support to Botswana’s Department Commission on the Status of Women, UNFPA’s of Youth to mainstream sexual and reproductive Executive Director and the heads of five other health and HIV prevention into youth empowerment United Nations organizations that make up the policies and programmes.

Children play at school in Dili, Timor-Leste. ©VII Photo/Ron Haviv

4 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 Guatemala scaled up its assistance to adolescent available. In 2010, UNFPA expanded its research and girls from indigenous communities through its advocacy in emerging population issues. Abriendo Oportunidades (Opening Opportunities) programme, which is run by the Population Council. The world is ageing rapidly, but most developing countries are not prepared for this demographic shift. In Iraq , UNFPA supported the Ministry of Youth Globally, one in nine persons is at least 60 years old, and Sports and the Central Statistics Office to and the number of older persons continues to rise in conduct a national youth survey to guide the all regions. By 2050, 2 billion people—one in five formulation of a national youth strategy. of the world’s total population—will be age 60 or older. Population ageing is occurring at a faster rate In Namibia , the UNFPA Country Office commis- in developing countries, which are “graying” more sioned a baseline study on youth migration. rapidly than their economies are growing.

In Senegal , UNFPA worked on the reduction of the root causes of migration of young people through the advocacy by all partners under the auspices of the The world is ageing rapidly, International Organization for Migration. The migra- tion profile of Senegal allowed the state to develop but most developing countries strategies for keeping young people in their lands. are not prepared for this UNFPA provided financial and technical support to the Ministry of Youth in Somaliland and the demographic shift. Ministry of Labour and Sports in Puntland for youth stakeholder workshops, which brought together the key players in youth policy and pro- gramming. In both places, national youth policies In 2010, UNFPA undertook a mapping of data, have been developed and are awaiting consideration research, policies, legislation, and institutional by parliament. arrangements relating to older persons in collabora- tion with HelpAge International. This work will EMERGING POPULATION ISSUES feed into a report in 2012 on the world’s older An important pillar of UNFPA’s work is the gen- persons. UNFPA and the American University eration of evidence based on scientific research on also launched a global study of national legislation emerging population issues and its use for developing related to older people and their rights. The findings and monitoring policies and programmes. of this study will inform the development and nego- tiation towards a Convention on the Human Rights Tracking the total number of people in a country is of Older Persons. important. But the complexities behind that number are even more important. What share of the popula- UNFPA organized an event on capacity develop- tion lives in cities? Is there a balance between the ment for an ageing world during the International number of young people and the number of elderly? Federation on Ageing Conference in Melbourne, How does migration—coming into a country or Australia. The event resulted in a mapping of train- moving away from it—affect a society or economy? ing needs in each region, an assessment of whether What impact does population growth have on these needs are being met by national institutions, climate change or countries’ capacities to adapt to it? and recommendations for strengthening regional These are just some of the many questions that can and national capacity to respond to rapid popula- be answered only when more detailed information is tion ageing.

Population and Development 5 A senior citizen, Kiev, . ©Panos Pictures/George Georgiou

Former UNFPA Executive Director Thoraya Ahmed Rio+20 will aim to secure renewed political commit- Obaid said on 7 October, the International Day of ment to sustainable development, to assess progress Older Persons, that the elderly “must be full partici- towards internationally agreed goals on sustainable pants in development and also share its benefits.” Yet, development, and to address new and emerging while older persons have much to offer, she said, their challenges. contributions often go unrecognized. “The elderly should not be perceived only as a needy and indepen- Migration is another emerging population issue dent group. It is time to replace negative stereotypes because it is integral to development; it can affect of older persons as a burden to society with positive governments’ development plans and budgets and images reflecting the contributions they make.” present new challenges in the provision of basic ser- vices and housing, the availability of income-earning Through an event during the 16th Conference of opportunities and the environment. Migrants can Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention play an important role in promoting development on Climate Change in Cancún on November 13, and reducing poverty in countries of origin and con- UNFPA and seven other agencies raised awareness tributing to prosperity in countries of destination. about emerging population issues of climate change and the displacement and migration it may spur. In 2010, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research, UNFPA, the International Organization for On 15 December, representatives from 20 Migration and the MacArthur Foundation sponsored non-governmental organizations and UNFPA seminars for the Permanent Missions to the United staff met to build partnerships to advocate for the Nations to raise awareness about the challenges that inclusion of population issues into the agendas migration may present and about possible policy of upcoming international environmental events, responses. Today, migration affects every country. especially “Rio+20,” a 20-year follow-up conference With the recent decline in fertility in many parts of the to the 1992 “Earth Summit.” world, international migration has taken on increased

6 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 significance, becoming an important component of population ageing and to the need to take this issue population growth in many countries. into account in the national development agenda.

A UNFPA report, Emerging Population Issues in UNFPA helped Kiribati raise awareness among Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Research Gaps on policymakers about issues of migration, rapid Demographic Trends, Human Capital and Climate urbanization, changing age structures, environmental Change , issued in April 2010 in conjunction with the degradation and the need to adapt to climate change. Commission on Population and Development, noted that the decline in population size over the coming UNFPA supported Liberia’s revision of its National decades in Eastern Europe is certain. The remaining Population Policy to take into account rapid urban- questions are how rapidly and by how much the ization and its potential impact on health, sanitation population will contract. Due to a much younger age and the environment. The capital, Monrovia, is now structure and current high fertility levels, demograph- home to more than half the country’s population. ic trends for Central Asia are expected to diverge from those in Eastern Europe. This demographic At the state level in Mexico , UNFPA supported the heterogeneity will likely impact future migration creation of information systems on migration, especial- patterns. The report suggests that if the population of ly in the main states of origin, as well as the training of Eastern Europe declines significantly while Central local officers in the analysis of migration data. UNFPA Asia experiences high population growth, consider- also collaborated with Mexico’s National Population able migration of Russian-speaking Central Asians Council—CONAPO—on a projection and analysis into parts of Eastern Europe is likely. The number of of the economic determinants of migration between people over age 60 is expected to accelerate in Eastern Mexico and the of America. Europe, stabilizing after 2050. This rapid ageing will impact individual families and society and will need In Uruguay , UNFPA supported the development of to be addressed to ensure that the needs of older a National Plan on Ageing and Old Age. persons, especially the poor who are most vulnerable, are adequately met.

Meanwhile, UNFPA’s regional office for Latin America and the Caribbean supported the publica- tion of Migration, Remittances and Development in Times of Crisis , addressing the issue of internal and international migration and its related challenges and opportunities for an increasingly globalised society.

Highlights In Algeria , UNFPA helped strengthen national capacity to gather and analyse data on ageing.

In Guatemala , UNFPA supported a survey of the migrant population along the border with Mexico with the aim of improving access to reproductive health care and preventing HIV infections.

In Kazakhstan , UNFPA helped sensitize national legislators and policymakers to the challenges of

Population and Development 7 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS

Promoting universal access to reproductive health and comprehensive HIV prevention

8 Resources and Management nsuring universal access to reproductive Despite gains, the poorest, least educated women, health, empowering women, men and young especially in sub-Saharan Africa, have lost ground, Epeople to exercise their reproductive rights, with adolescents lagging farthest behind, the report and reducing related inequities are central to showed. “Universal access to reproductive health development and ending poverty. This was acknowl- will only be achieved when women have access to edged more than 16 years ago at the International the information and services they need to plan the Conference on Population and Development and number and timing of their pregnancies,” the was reaffirmed in 2007 when universal access report stated. to reproductive health became a target of the Millennium Development Goals. Reproductive health problems remain the leading cause of ill health and death for women of childbearing Reproductive health supports women and young age worldwide. Impoverished women, especially those people, especially those who are the most disadvan- living in developing countries, suffer disproportion- taged, to make choices that will significantly impact ately from unintended pregnancies, their lives. Reproductive health services give women and disability, sexually transmitted infections including the opportunity to make autonomous decisions and HIV, gender-based violence and other problems related have healthy sexual and reproductive lives. They help to their reproductive system and sexual behaviour. women to decide if and when to have children and Because young people often face barriers in trying under what conditions, and afford pregnant women to get the information or care they need, adolescent access to skilled care before, during, and after child- reproductive health is another important focus of birth. They contribute to safe deliveries and healthy UNFPA programming. babies and help women to live their lives free from sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Investing in sexual and reproductive health is one of the surest and most effective ways to promote Quality reproductive health care transforms lives. It equitable and sustainable development and achieve can prevent young girls from becoming wives and the Millennium Development Goals, according mothers when they are still children, giving them a to another report published by UNFPA in 2010, greater opportunity to stay in school for as long as Sexual and Reproductive Health for All: Reducing they wish. It gives women and girls greater opportu- Poverty, Advancing Development and Protecting nities in life, including entry into the labour market, Human Rights. “If we can reach the poorest and and further contributes to the well-being of their most vulnerable populations with reproductive families and communities. It promotes a more equal health information and services, we can save many world in which women and girls are respected and lives and improve countless others,” the report can live their lives free from violence and coercion. stated. “We will also make significant strides in reducing poverty, advancing development and The right to reproductive health is integral to protecting human rights.” UNFPA’s vision that “every child is wanted, every birth is safe, every young person is free of HIV.” Improving maternal health and reducing maternal mortality are central to reproductive health. Since 1990, improvements in access to reproductive health have been “significant and far-reaching,” with At the Women Deliver II conference in Washington, substantial declines in adolescent birth rates and in- D.C., in June 2010, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon creased access to and use of family planning services, said that “history will show that 2010 was a year of according to a report published by UNFPA in 2010: new, decisive action—a year when the world decided How Universal Is Access to Reproductive Health? A that no woman should die giving life and no child Review of the Evidence. should die when we know how to save them.”

Reproductive Health and Rights 9 Women Deliver is an organization that works glob- Richard Horton, Editor-in-Chief of The Lancet , called ally to generate political commitment and financial Women Deliver II, “the most significant event for the investment for fulfilling Millennium Development future of women and children in over 20 years.” Goal 5, to reduce maternal mortality and achieve universal access to reproductive health. Also at Women Deliver II, UNFPA and other organ- izations jointly released Countdown to 2015 Decade UNFPA provided financial and institutional support Report (2000–2010) , which called for revitalized to the Women Deliver II conference, which was at- efforts to achieve the three Millennium Development tended by 3,200 people from 146 countries. UNFPA Goals related to health (1,4 and 5), with particular was on the conference’s advisory committee and a part attention to a “continuum of care” for reproductive, of the media-outreach team, facilitated the Ministers maternal, newborn and child health. and Parliamentarian Forums, organized and made presentations and made sure that the voices of women REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, POLICY affected by poor reproductive health were heard. AND DEVELOPMENT In September, at the General Assembly, Secretary- General Ban Ki-moon launched the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health, a blueprint for intensifying and improving coordination of existing efforts and establishing an accountability framework for delivering results across all of the health-related Millennium Development Goals. All 192 Member States welcomed the initiative, which set out a plan for investment and innovation to improve the health of women and children in 25 countries. More than $40 billion was pledged in support of the initiative, also known as “Every Woman, Every Child.” UNFPA contributed to the development of the Strategy and supported the communications and advocacy around the launch of the initiative.

Also in September as world leaders gathered for a Eight Lives, Stories of Reproductive Health , profiled High-Level Event on the Millennium Development eight women from Bangladesh, Egypt, Guatemala, Goals, UNFPA, UNICEF, the World Bank and the India, Moldova, Niger, Uganda and Zambia who World Health Organization issued a joint state- faced reproductive health challenges ranging from HIV to obstetric fistula and overcame obstacles to ment, pledging to intensify support to countries transform their lives. to achieve Millennium Development Goal 5—to improve maternal health—the Goal “showing the least progress.” “Women Deliver II was important because it put Millennium Development Goal 5 and the health of UNFPA backed an international movement in 2010 to girls and women firmly on the international political integrate sexual and reproductive health and HIV pre- agenda,” according to UNFPA Information and vention. UNFPA Deputy Executive Director Purnima External Relations Director Safiye Çagˇar. “The mes- Mane, at the 28th International AIDS Conference, in sages from the conference were echoed at other major Vienna in July, called the link “a clear win-win,” espe- events throughout 2010 and spurred global and cially for Millennium Development Goals 3, 4, 5 and national commitments and action.” 6. “The reason HIV and sexual and reproductive health

10 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 are so intertwined is clear,” she said. “The vast majority of HIV infections occur through sexual contact, the risk of HIV transmission is significantly greater in the presence of certain sexually transmitted infections and infants can become HIV positive during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding,” she added.

Highlights Benin , UNFPA and other partners established a Centre for Arts and Crafts for women in Parakou, where so far 1,500 women have received training in weaving, food processing and other fields. Women Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon launching Global Strategy who receive training also gain access to information for Women’s and Children’s Health, “Every Woman, Every about reproductive health, family planning, antenatal Child,” September 2010. care and HIV and AIDS. ©UN Photo/Mark Garten

Strategies for reducing maternal mortality and papillomavirus—HPV—and the availability of a vac- improving reproductive health have been integrated cination against it. In addition, UNFPA helped meet into five district health plans in Cameroon , where the need for reproductive health supplies after floods training in reproductive health is also provided to inundated parts of the country in 2010. community extension workers serving refugee camps. UNFPA, Viet Nam and partner organizations UNFPA supported Costa Rica’s training of health jointly developed a draft strategic five-year plan to workers along border areas to offer sexual and ensure reproductive health commodity security and reproductive health services to immigrants, especially strengthen social marketing. survivors of sexual violence and individuals recently exposed to HIV. HEALTHY MOTHERS, SAFE BIRTHS An estimated 30 million women face pregnancy- Ecuador developed a National Family Planning related complications each year worldwide. UNFPA Strategy that includes building the capacities of assisted countries’ efforts to scale up maternal health health-care providers, purchasing sexual and repro- services in 2010, prevent and manage the complica- ductive health supplies, including contraceptives, tions of unsafe abortion and reduce maternal mortality. integrating sexuality education in school curricula and supporting local organizations that deal with According to Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 sexual and reproductive health. to 2008 , published in 2010 by the World Health Organization, UNFPA, UNICEF and the World Jordan expanded a community-based outreach Bank, notable progress has been made in reducing programme to raise awareness of and demand for maternal mortality worldwide, but the annual rate of reproductive health services. Eighty trainers have decline is less than half of what is needed to achieve been mobilized in five communities. the Millennium Development Goal target of reduc- ing the maternal mortality ratio by 75 per cent by UNFPA helped the Republic of Moldova strengthen 2015. Pregnant women still die from four major its National Centre for Reproductive Health to causes: severe bleeding after childbirth, infections, manage and oversee the country’s reproductive health hypertensive disorders and unsafe abortion. The risk and family planning network. UNFPA also supported of a woman in a dying from a communications and advocacy about the human pregnancy-related cause during her lifetime is about

Reproductive Health and Rights 11 36 times higher than it is for a woman living in a Bunmi Makinwa said. CARMMA was launched developed country. by the African Union of Ministers of Health, in partnership with UNFPA and other United Nations At the High-level Meeting on the Millennium agencies, governments and non-governmental Development Goals in September 2010, the General organizations. In addition to Sierra Leone, 16 other Assembly issued a resolution committing to take steps countries launched their own national CARMMA to “realize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of campaigns in 2010, raising the total number of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental countries since CARMMA began to 26. health, including sexual and reproductive health.” The resolution also called for expanding the provision Leaders of the major industrialized of comprehensive obstetric care and strengthening countries in June launched the “Muskoka Initiative” the role of skilled health-care providers, including on maternal and child health, a comprehensive and midwives and nurses. integrated approach to accelerate progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5 to reduce maternal In 2010, Sierra Leone began providing free medical mortality by 75 per cent. The Initiative aims to treatment and medicines to pregnant women, support national health systems of developing coun- lactating mothers and children under five. The tries to deliver key interventions along the continuum initiative is just one of the kinds of improvements to of care. The leaders pledged an additional $5 billion maternal health expected as a result of the Campaign over the next five years to improve the health of on Accelerated Reduction of Maternal Mortality mothers, newborns and children under five. in Africa—CARMMA. “In two to three years, we would like to see maternal mortality reduced…in UNFPA, through its Maternal Health Thematic every country,” UNFPA Regional Director for Africa Fund and in collaboration with UNICEF and

STORIES OF MOTHERS SAVED: SENDING MESSAGES TO HEADS OF STATE

UNFPA and the White Ribbon Through this project, mothers around the world were asked what they Alliance for Safe Motherhood would do if they were president. Here are some of the replies: collected stories from 60 Ensure education for all girls... communities and nearly 30 countries in 2010 for the Ensure affordable healthcare for all... multimedia exhibit Stories Build health centres nearby, so that of Mothers Saved , which women—especially rural women—can presented stories about get access... women from around the world Ask governments to provide public who survived childbirth under access to budgetary information to often harrowing conditions. citizens on how much they spend on Each woman profiled in the maternal health... series had journeyed through the perils of agonizing or Ban early marriage… Ugandan midwife examines an anguished labour. Give women the power to empower expectant mother. themselves and their children… ©Martin Caparros Make unsafe abortion history…

12 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 national governments, supported eight countries’ efforts in 2010 to evaluate the availability and quality of emergency obstetric and newborn care. The find- ings will guide the development of these services and maternal health policies in each country. UNFPA established the Maternal Health Thematic Fund in 2008 to increase the capacity of national health systems to provide quality maternal health services, reduce health inequities, and empower women to exercise their right to maternal health. In 2010, the Fund was supporting initiatives in 42 countries. More than 3,000 policymakers, advocates, service provid- At the 15th session of the Assembly of the African ers and journalists converged on Washington, D.C. for the Women Deliver II Conference with the aim of improving Union Heads of State and Government in July, the maternal health worldwide. region’s leaders called for the development of drivers ©Samuel Hurd of economic growth so that they may in turn fund other pressing needs such as maternal and child thousands of pregnant women, UNFPA delivered health. In his address Ugandan President Yoweri supplies to assist midwives and to aid emergency Museveni said that, “we cannot deal with maternal obstetric and neonatal care. and child health in isolation without dealing with key development factors like job creation, train- When severe flooding submerged huge swaths of ing a critical human resource base and developing Pakistan in July and August, affecting more than 15 infrastructure like roads, railways and generation of million people, including an estimated 1.5 million sufficient electricity to support industrialization.” pregnant women, UNFPA deployed seven mobile service units that were fully staffed and equipped to When a natural disaster strikes, pregnant women at provide emergency reproductive health services, sup- risk of complications may suddenly lose access to ported 13 Government health facilities and provided life-saving maternal health services. thousands of clean delivery kits.

After an earthquake devastated much of Haiti in And after Cyclone Giri struck Myanmar and January 2010, UNFPA provided emergency safe uprooted 70,000 people, including 1,000 pregnant delivery kits to mobile clinics and non-governmental women, who were expected to require emergency organizations to minimize risk for the estimated obstetric care in the following four months, UNFPA 7,000 women who would give birth in the following and the Myanmar Medical Association provided month. UNFPA also helped start up new emergency supplies needed by midwives for performing obstetric care clinics and trained midwives. Caesarean sections.

Later in the year, after an outbreak of cholera Having access to skilled birth attendants and emer- in the country, UNFPA delivered hygiene and gency obstetric care if things go wrong are proven cholera-prevention kits to pregnant women and strategies to improve maternal health and could save people living with HIV. Pregnant women exposed to up to 80 per cent of the women at risk of death in cholera are at increased risk of miscarriage or giving childbirth. birth prematurely. In 2010, the Global Midwifery Programme of In Indonesia, after a volcano eruption in October UNFPA and the International Confederation of 2010 displaced 340,000 people, including tens of Midwives drew the attention of policymakers and

Reproductive Health and Rights 13 donors to the critical role that midwives play in en- The Campaign to End Fistula is an integral part of suring safe births and averting maternal and newborn UNFPA’s overall strategy to improve maternal health deaths and disabilities. The Programme is under way and is now active in 49 countries in Africa, Asia and in 22 countries. the Arab States. The Campaign aims to prevent the condition and provide treatment to enable women to In June, during the Women Deliver II conference, return to full, productive lives. representatives of the Global Midwifery Programme joined forces with the World Health Organization, In 2010, with support from UNFPA, about 5,000 UNICEF, the World Bank, Jhpiego (an international women received surgical treatment for the condition. non-profit health organization affiliated with Johns Hopkins University), the Global Health Workforce According to an independent evaluation in 2010 of Alliance and the International Federation of UNFPA’s contribution to the Campaign, additional Gynecology and Obstetrics issued a “global call national and international capacity-building is re- to action on strengthening midwifery services,” quired to reach the goal of addressing this condition, which urged governments to address and strengthen which is caused by prolonged obstructed labour. midwifery education and training. The call to action outlined the actions needed to improve skilled atten- The evaluation recommended increased assistance dance at birth in countries with limited resources. by the international community and strengthened political commitment at the national level to define appropriate responses, including prevention and Midwives do not only social-reintegration measures, to end obstetric fistula.

deliver babies. They are “These results underline the need for more efforts through South-South initiatives, and more detailed instrumental in providing a guidance and tools on options to scale up effective and promising practices,” UNFPA Technical Division full range of reproductive Director Werner Haug said. “These measures are crucial if we are to eliminate obstetric fistula as part health care... of our global push to improve maternal health.”

Highlights Midwives do not only deliver babies. They are In Bangladesh , 1,000 health-care providers received instrumental in providing a full range of reproduc- training in reproductive health disciplines, ranging tive health care, including family planning, care from emergency obstetric care, family planning and for newborns and the prevention of HIV and HIV and AIDS. Fifty-seven nurses completed a gender-based violence. “training-of-trainers” course in midwifery, and 344 women received treatment for their obstetric fistulas. Midwives also play an important role in preventing More than 900 community clinics received equip- obstetric fistula, according to experts who converged ment needed to improve maternal health. in Dakar, Senegal, in December for the Third Annual Conference of the International Society of Obstetric A surgery campaign supported by UNFPA in the Fistula Surgeons. in 2010 enabled 150 women living with obstetric fistula to recover and Obstetric fistula, a debilitating condition that can regain their health and dignity. In Côte d’Ivoire , 242 result from prolonged or obstructed labour, afflicts women received fistula treatment and 130 health an estimated 100,000 women worldwide every year. workers received training in treating this condition.

14 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 In the United Republic of Tanzania , 105 women impact. While the procurement of supplies is a key received treatment. part of this support, the Global Programme seeks to build know-how for sustainable national systems. In 2010, the Dominican Republic established a Unit for Continuous Training in Emergency Obstetric The UNFPA Global Programme to Enhance Care, which will provide training to about 200 Reproductive Health Commodity Security is a health-care professionals a year. framework for assisting countries in planning for their own needs. At the request of governments, The Maternal and Child Health Department of the Global Programme integrates reproductive Egypt ’s Ministry of Health launched a programme to health commodity security in national policies, train nurses in midwifery so they may attend normal plans and programmes through advocacy with deliveries. UNFPA also helped the Ministry of Health policymakers, parliamentarians and partners in in the Occupied Palestinian Territory to document government; strengthens delivery systems to ensure for the first time all cases of maternal mortality. reliable supplies; procures contraceptives and other essential supplies and promotes their use through Kyrgyzstan , with support from UNFPA, renovated community-based distribution systems and other the maternity wards and neonatal intensive care mechanisms; and provides training to build skills rooms of two hospitals. at every step—from forecasting needs, to providing quality information and services in family planning, In Uganda , a UNFPA-supported programme trained maternal health and the prevention of sexually 49 midwives in 2010. transmitted infections, including HIV.

ACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING In 2010, the Global Programme provided An estimated 215 million women in the developing $63 million for the purchase of condoms and world want to prevent or delay pregnancy but lack other reproductive health commodities and access to modern methods of contraception. UNFPA $28 million for capacity-building and advocacy partnered with governments, non-governmental initiatives in targeted countries. organizations and donors in 2010 to expand indi- viduals’ and couples’ access to affordable, quality contraceptives.

UNFPA helps close the gap between the number of individuals who use contraceptives and those who would like to delay, space or limit their families. Since 1990, UNFPA has been the world’s largest multi- lateral supplier of contraceptives and condoms and is the lead United Nations agency for reproductive health commodity security.

Through the Global Programme to Enhance Reproductive Health Commodity Security, UNFPA is empowering women in developing countries to decide on the timing and frequency of their pregnancies. Women at the UNFPA-supported fistula rehabilitation centre in Liberia learn skills to enable them to be financially Countries supported by the Global Programme independent when they return home from the hospital. are reporting significant progress with measurable ©VII Photo/Marcus Bleasdale

Reproductive Health and Rights 15 As a result of the Programme, use of modern bottlenecks in the delivery of family planning and contraception has risen in recent years by 16 percent- other sexual and reproductive health services while age points in Ethiopia, 12.8 percentage points in boosting quality. Mongolia, 11.2 percentage points in Madagascar, 10 percentage points in the Lao People’s Democratic At a UNFPA-sponsored conference in Bangkok Republic and 4.8 percentage points in Niger. in 2010, 150 experts aiming to revitalize family planning programmes in Asia and the Pacific The Programme also promotes the prioritization and concluded that because of poor access to services, mainstreaming of reproductive health commodity armed conflicts and religious influence, contracep- security into national health policies, programmes, tive prevalence rates in some parts of the region budgets and plans. As a result, more and more coun- have “stagnated,” and the unmet need for family tries are moving towards more predictable, planned, planning has been high. The group, which included sustainable and nationally driven approaches to ministers and other high-level government officials, securing essential supplies. pledged to reposition family planning in the region. Representatives of adolescent groups also partici- In addition, UNFPA continued its efforts to increase pated in the event and called for culturally sensitive the availability of male and female condoms in 2010. behaviour-change communication strategies that UNFPA’s Global Condom Initiative now reaches 74 would generate and sustain demand for family countries. In Malawi, for example, UNFPA increased planning services. female condom distribution from 124,000 in 2005 to nearly 1.5 million a year ago. Highlights Bhutan trained 13 nurses in the insertion of UNFPA partnered with EngenderHealth—a intrauterine devices, and about 80 health workers New York-based non-governmental organization that received training in family planning as part of their focuses on reproductive health—and the ministries curriculum in midwifery. of health of Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal in 2010 to provide a snapshot of the availability and In Ethiopia , 76 per cent of service-delivery points in quality of family planning services and supplies. The the country had five life-saving maternal and repro- findings will inform critical interventions to remove ductive health medicines available in 2010.

FURTADO: CELEBRITY ADVOCATE FOR MOTHERS IN LUSOPHONE AFRICA

One of the first people to greet “Saving mothers’ lives is an issue Catarina Furtado in Gabu, about health and human rights Guinea-Bissau in August 2010 which commits all sectors: po- was an infant named in her hon- litical stakeholders, donors’ com- our. Baby Catarina was the first munity, civil society,” Furtado infant delivered by Caesarean said. “It involves directly the pro- section at the surgical unit fessionals of health, education that Ms. Furtado, a Goodwill and the media. It is everybody’s Ambassador for UNFPA, initi- concern because, as we say at Goodwill Ambassador Catarina Furtado ated as part of her mission to UNFPA, ‘Everyone counts.’” on mission in Guinea Bissau. reduce maternal mortality in ©Mamadu Bamba Gning Lusophone Africa.

16 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 Technical and financial support from UNFPA enabled Nicaragua to make at least three types of modern contraceptives available at 99.5 per cent of service delivery points in 2010.

In , at the request of the Government, UNFPA distributed 3.5 million female condoms during World Cup events.

Sudan ’s Ministry of Health and UNFPA carried out an assessment of barriers to family planning in the states of White Nile, Gadarif and Kassala.

UNFPA supported training for health workers in Tajikistan in administering Implanon implants and intrauterine devices. Liberian celebrity John Shah brings a message about family PREVENTING HIV AND SEXUALLY planning and HIV to a crowd in Monrovia. ©VII Photo/Marcus Bleasdale TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS Achieving an AIDS-free generation is possible if the international community steps up efforts to provide Meanwhile, cervical cancer remains a major killer of universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and women in developing countries. Every two minutes or social protection, according to Children and AIDS: so a woman dies from this disease, even though it can be Fifth Stocktaking Report 2010 , published jointly by effectively identified and treated in the long period (up UNICEF, UNFPA, UNAIDS, the World Health to two decades) that it typically takes for precancerous Organization and UNESCO. cells to develop into full-fledged cancer.

In most parts of the world, new HIV infections are Cervical cancer, caused by a sexually acquired infec- steadily falling or stabilizing, the report showed. But tion with human papillomavirus—HPV—claims the in nine countries—all of them in southern Africa— lives of more than 270,000 women every year, most at least one in 20 young people is living with HIV. of whom (85 per cent) live in developing countries. In some Latin American countries, cervical cancer Young women still shoulder the greater burden of kills substantially more women than do complica- infection, and in many countries women face their tions of pregnancy and childbirth. greatest risk of infection before age 25. Worldwide, more than 60 per cent of all young people living with Although preventing HPV infection, screening and HIV are female. In sub-Saharan Africa, that figure is treating precancerous lesions have decreased the nearly 70 per cent. disease burden in developed countries, access to prevention programmes continues to be a challenge Because a large proportion of HIV cases are transmit- in large parts of the world. ted sexually, linking HIV prevention and sexual and reproductive health programmes is crucial. Yet in most Cervical cancer is the most common cancer for countries, programmes to prevent unintended pregnancy women in Central America and Southern Africa. The and to prevent HIV infection are separate. In response, Caribbean, other parts of Africa, South America and UNFPA helped integrate these services in a number of South Eastern Asia also have very high incidence rates countries in 2010. of this cancer. In many countries health systems do

Reproductive Health and Rights 17 At a concert co-organized by UNFPA and the Society for Health Education in the Maldives on World AIDS Day, young people gained access to informa- tion about HIV and its prevention.

Venezuela stepped up information and outreach to adolescents and young people about HIV and sexually transmitted infections through a website that provides simple, clear information about prevention and treatment.

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH FOR YOUNG PEOPLE Young women in much of the world face significant obstacles to fulfilling their rights to sexual and repro- Through the Y-PEER network in Turkmenistan, young ductive health. Legal and policy barriers loom, such as people learn how to protect themselves from HIV and other those limiting the age of consent for HIV counselling sexually transmitted infections. and testing and for sexual and reproductive health © Panos Pictures/William Daniels services. Young women and girls are usually not even not yet have the capacity to offer the routine screen- aware that they have rights, let alone offered the skills ings and follow up that could save lives. or legal support required to realize them.

UNFPA supports the prevention and treatment Accessing youth-friendly sexual and reproductive of sexually transmitted infections, including HPV. health and HIV prevention services and supplies, In Turkmenistan, for example, UNFPA has been including condoms, may be hampered by reluctant working with the Government for the last three years health providers, opposition from parents, cost, fear, to train specialists to diagnose cervical cancer across distance, stigma, lack of confidentiality and privacy the country. and low-quality services.

Highlights In July 2010, youth delegates from 40 countries all Burundi trained health workers and equipped over Africa converged in Entebbe, Uganda for the facilities to test pregnant women for HIV. About Africa Youth Forum, a precursor to a meeting of the 300,000 women were tested in 2010, with support African Union. UNFPA and UNICEF funded the from UNFPA. The number of HIV-positive pregnant event, which was organized by Uganda’s Ministry women receiving anti-retroviral therapy to prevent of Gender, Labour and Social Development. The mother-to-child transmission of the virus rose to delegates pledged to maintain and promote a healthy 2,154 in 2010. lifestyle through peer-to-peer mentoring, use all forms of youth-focused media to promote attitudinal In Djibouti , UNFPA helped the Ministry of Health change towards addressing maternal, infant and child equip clinics with testing equipment for HIV and health issues, and prevent sexual and gender-based other sexually transmitted infections and increased violence. The delegates also called on their govern- the availability of condoms. ments to integrate life skills and sexual reproductive health education into school curricula, implement The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia estab- legislation on sexual reproductive health of young lished nine additional counselling centres to expand people and encourage youth participation in young people’s access to information about HIV. government ministries.

18 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 Highlights With support from UNFPA, 46 per cent of people UNFPA supported nine non-governmental organiza- between the ages of 15 and 24 in Cape Verde now tions in Albania in 2010 to raise awareness among have access to sexual and reproductive health services youth and to facilitate peer education in schools dedicated to adolescents. about HIV and AIDS, sexually transmitted infections and about gender-based violence. In the Occupied Palestinian Territory, UNFPA increased the capacity of 105 youth peer educators to Argentina’s Ministry of Education received support communicate information about sexual and repro- from UNFPA to introduce a national sex education ductive health. These educators led learning sessions programme into school curricula. Objectives of for about 2,800 additional young women and men. the initiative included improving young people’s understanding of sexual and reproductive health and UNFPA advocated for the inclusion of adolescent giving them the information they need to exercise reproductive health in Papua New Guinea’s National their rights. Health Plan for 2011-2020.

In Bolivia , UNFPA supported the design and The Zanzibar College of Health Sciences in the implementation of a National Adolescent and Youth United Republic of Tanzania trained pre-service Health Plan, which included strategies for addressing nurses in the provision of youth-friendly sexual and the sexual and reproductive health needs. reproductive health and HIV-prevention services.

YOUNG PEOPLE AT RISK: THE CHANGING FACE OF HIV IN

Until recently, HIV prevalence positive. “If I told my friends, health services and information here was concentrated among they would avoid me,” she says. and integrating HIV prevention, at-risk groups: injecting drug us- as well as voluntary testing and ers, men who have sex with men, According to UNFPA Programme counselling, into these services. and sex workers. So HIV was not Analyst Lela Bakradze “accep- something that Anna, a happily tance towards people with HIV married young mother, had ever in Georgia is very low. worried about. We need to increase education and knowl- Then her husband, who had used edge of people about this drugs in the past, became ill, and issue to decrease stigma she learned that she, too, carried and discrimination.” the virus. It is also crucial that young Anna now receives peer-support people understand that and counselling from the HIV/ they are increasingly at risk, AIDS Support Centre in Tblisi, and that interventions are which is supported by UNFPA, tailored to help them protect and is helping her cope with the themselves, she said. implications of her HIV status. UNFPA contributed to the establishment and UNFPA helps Georgia reach development of youth friendly prevention Anna says her parents and young people by providing services in Gori. friends don’t know she is HIV youth-friendly reproductive © UNFPA/Nezih Tavlas

Reproductive Health and Rights 19 GENDER, CULTURE AND HUMAN RIGHTS Advancing gender equality and empowering women and girls

20 Resources and Management ast year marked anniversaries of two milestones and protection of human rights are fundamental to in women’s rights: Security Council Resolution the work of UNFPA,” UNFPA Technical Division L1325 on women, peace and security and the Director Werner Haug said at the launch of the report. Beijing Fourth World Conference on Women. GENDER AND NATIONAL POLICIES In March 2010, the Commission on the Status UNFPA assisted the United Nations Committee on of Women undertook a 15-year review of the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in organizing implementation of the Beijing Fourth World a “Day of General Discussion” in November that Conference on Women’s Declaration and Platform resulted in a “General Comment,” which will help for Action. The General Assembly reaffirmed the governments fulfil their commitments regarding Declaration, which called for equal access to and sexual and reproductive health and which will aid equal treatment of women and men in education advocacy and programming by civil society and and health care and for the enhancement of women’s international organizations. The General Comment sexual and reproductive health as well as education. is aimed at those governments that have signed and The General Assembly also reaffirmed the Platform ratified the International on Economic, for Action, which stated that reproductive rights rest Social and Cultural Rights. The Comment marked on the recognition of “the basic right of all couples the first time that a treaty body addressed sexual and and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the reproductive health in such a comprehensive way. number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and Highlights the right to attain the highest standard of sexual With UNFPA support to the Ministry for the Family and reproductive health.” It also includes their right and Promotion of Women, Angola developed a draft “to make decisions concerning reproduction free of National Policy for Gender Equality and Equity. discrimination, coercion and violence.” UNFPA supported the implementation of a gender Security Council resolution 1325 called on govern- policy within El Salvador’s justice system, the formu- ments to protect women and girls from sexual lation of a gender policy at the National Academy of violence in conflicts. The resolution was addressed in Public Security (the police academy), and the updat- UNFPA’s State of World Population 2010 , published ing of a gender-equality policy for the City Council in October. of San Salvador.

In its work to implement the Programme of Action In Lebanon , UNFPA supported the strengthening of the International Conference on Population and of the National Commission for Lebanese Women’s Development, UNFPA in 2010 as in previous years advocacy and strategic development in the area of has employed an approach that integrates gender gender equality. mainstreaming, women’s empowerment, the protec- tion of human rights and cultural sensitivity. The Philippines passed regional, provincial and municipal Gender and Development Codes: laws or In December, UNFPA and the Harvard School of ordinances to promote, protect, and fulfil women’s Public Health published a manual on applying and rights, attain gender equality and empower women. promoting human rights in all development work, including in humanitarian settings. The manual, A Uzbekistan drafted a law on gender equality Human Rights-Based Approach to Programming , pro- and a national action plan for implementing the vided practical tools for designing censuses, sexual and Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of reproductive health and gender equality programmes Discrimination Against Women. The law has been that are based on human rights. “The promotion endorsed by the Cabinet of Ministers.

Gender, Culture and Human Rights 21 To help planners, health-care providers, educators and others in realizing the potential for men and boys to promote gender equality, UNFPA and two non-governmental organizations published Engaging Men and Boys in Gender Equality and Health: A Global Toolkit for Action in 2010. This publication presented conceptual and practical information about advocacy, needs assessments and evaluations and included ex- amples of programmes that have addressed challenges related to sexual and reproductive health and preven- tion of gender-based violence.

During the 2010 World Cup soccer games in South Africa, UNFPA released a new video game, Breakaway , targeted to boys between the ages 10 and 14, which aims to end violence against women and girls. The game asks, “When the game is your life, will you break away?” A man with his son in his shop in Mufindi, Tanzania. ©Mikkel Ostergaard/Panos UNFPA organized the first-ever live television debate on women’s empowerment during the Ministerial GENDER AND AN ENABLING Meeting of the Economic and Social Council in SOCIOCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT New York in 2010. The event aimed to promote the Change that contributes to universal human rights empowerment of women and girls through culture. in diverse cultural settings cannot be imposed from the outside. To be lasting, it must come from within. Every year, 3 million women and girls in Africa alone Culture matters because traditions and beliefs are face the prospect of genital mutilation and cutting, and often stronger than laws, and to get to the roots of as many as 140 million have already undergone the human rights issues, we need to engage at a cultural practice. UNFPA and UNICEF are jointly implement- level, according to former UNFPA Executive Director ing in 12 countries a programme to accelerate the Thoraya Ahmed Obaid. abandonment of female genital mutilation and cutting. And in the three years since the effort began, more Because men wield much of the social, political and than 6,000 communities in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, economic power in many poor and developing coun- Gambia, Guinea, Kenya, Senegal and Somalia have tries, achieving gender equality and reducing violence abandoned the practice. Still, in many of these coun- against women will demand their active participation tries, the overall prevalence rate remains high. and cooperation. That message was emphasized at a panel discussion, “Boys and Men: Partners in Gender Highlights Equality,” organized by UNFPA and UNICEF, As part of a UNFPA initiative on combating in conjunction with the 54 th Commission on the gender-based violence in the South Caucasus, Status of Women in 2010. One of the main goals of Armenia held a training workshop of male constructive engagement of men and boys is not to involvement in advancing gender equality and ending perpetuate dependency on men and boys, but rather violence against women. to encourage them to play positive roles in the lives of women and girls, which will also lead to fulfilling UNFPA supported Cuba’s National Centre for Sex their own needs. Education in the development of a course aimed at

22 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 BREAKDANCING FOR PEACE AND POSITIVE CHANGE IN NORTHERN UGANDA

During two decades of conflict, they dance away and forget Lubanga said. “The boys we many of the young men and themselves,” said Faith Lubanga, see here are more gentlemanly women from Uganda’s commer- Outreach Officer of the Straight than the ones I saw growing up.” cial capital Gulu were forcibly Talk Foundation, which receives Gradually, more gender under- conscripted by the rebel Lord’s support from UNFPA. standing and equality grows. Resistance Army. Girls were And they have fun.” often abducted to become sex The break dance programme slaves and servants of its leaders at the Gulu Youth Centre The project works hard to involve and troops. Children witnessed began in cooperation with girls as well as boys, Jones said, or survived unspeakable acts of Breakdance Project Uganda, a adding, “We have seen huge violence. Families and communi- non-governmental organization changes in some of our core ties were decimated. based in Kampala, and its Hip girl members, showing great Hop Therapy Project, which has increases in confidence and When the fighting ended in been supported by USAID and fundamentally being able to 2008, young survivors bore mtvU, a university media service challenge and compete together both physical and psychological that is part of MTV Networks. with males.” scars. The Gulu Youth Centre, a project of Uganda’s Straight The project’s mission is to en- In other countries as well, vari- Talk Foundation, joined forces gage young people in elements ous forms of art—from theatre with other organizations to meet of the hip hop culture to build and music to painting and needs of the young by using the leadership skills and promote crafts—are being used to heal icons of their own cultural world. social responsibility, accord- wounds, restore hope and teach The result was the introduction ing to Josh Jones, the project lessons. In fact, almost every- of breakdance and hip-hop to coordinator in Gulu. “The Project where today, creative responses supplement the six-year-old has attracted people from every to tragedy go on in many forms. centre’s existing work in health walk of life and acts as a catalyst Many of these projects are de- care and disease prevention for for building mutually beneficial scribed in the arts and culture adolescents from 10 to 19 and relationships between people supplement to the State of young adults from 20 to 24. of different social status across World Population 2010. Uganda and the rest of the A new movie, Bouncing Cats , tells world,” he said. how it all began, largely through the efforts of a Ugandan AIDS Breakdance Uganda’s visiting orphan and war victim who stars have brought choreo- wanted to create a better life for graphed messages of peace the children of Uganda using and positive social change hip-hop with a focus on ‘b-boy with their performances, culture’ and breakdance. “I think said Lubanga. That rein- music and dance can help give forces other messages peace a chance,” he says in the the centre promotes film. “Breakdance and hip hop through sports, parents’ are the weapons that youth want programmes and radio to use to tell people what is deep broadcasts as well in their hearts.” Often this helps as the comprehen- Breakdancing in Gulu. ©Breakdance Project Uganda to deal with the trauma young sive health services people have suffered. and counselling for the young as they “We have break dance for mature sexually. “A therapy every Saturday, and lot of sensitization goes on,”

Resources and Management 23 PAKISTAN PREVENTS GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AMONG SURVIVORS OF FLOODS

As part of its humanitarian when many humanitarian actors and case management, using a response to Pakistan’s worst are focused on reaching a large confidential, survivor-centred, natural disaster in living memory, number of people in the short- and comprehensive approach. UNFPA coordinated interven- est period of time. There is a tions to prevent and respond to great need to recognize that gender-based violence among gender-based violence can, the affected population. and very often does, occur in these situations and to build Crises like the floods that inun- survivor-centred response dated much of the country in services. August break down social net- works and systems that normally UNFPA undertook capac- protect women and girls, such as ity-building initiatives in cohesive families, livelihoods, and Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, safe shelter. Displacement creates Punjab and Sindh, intro- a host of risk factors that increase ducing participants and the vulnerability of women and future trainers from A family gathers around their meal at a tent girls to many forms of violence. government and hu- camp in Quetta, Pakistan, where thousands manitarian agencies were displaced following massive floods in The rights, needs and vulnerabili- to basic principles of July 2010. ties of women and girls are some- gender-based vio- ©UN Photo/Amjad Jamal times overlooked in emergencies, lence programming

preventing domestic violence. The Centre promotes of change in addressing gender discrimination and the active participation of men in prevention. harmful traditional practices.

UNFPA helped Djibouti organize training for 20 GENDER AND HUMAN-RIGHTS female religious leaders in advocacy for the abandon- PROTECTION SYSTEMS ment of female genital cutting and mutilation. UNFPA bolsters governments’ efforts to build national capacities for incorporating gender equality Eritrea expanded its network of local committees and reproductive rights into human-rights protection that are advocating for the abandonment of female mechanisms. UNFPA also supports policy-oriented genital cutting and mutilation. As of 2010, there were advocacy and participation of women’s groups and 1,400 such committees in the country. other groups that represent marginalized and excluded populations. In Mauritania , the Uléma Association of religious leaders, AWARE II, USAID and the National Highlights Programme on Reproductive Health developed two In Argentina , UNFPA disseminated information about advocacy tools: Islam and Family Planning and Islam new laws, including one to prevent, punish and eradicate and HIV/AIDS . violence against women, to the country’s judiciary.

In Nepal , UNFPA has been engaging adolescent girls São Tomé and Principe’s National Institute of to make them aware of their reproductive health and Gender received assistance from UNFPA in the prom- rights and to mobilize them to become active agents ulgation of a new law on domestic violence.

24 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 Sri Lanka established community watch groups to framework for actions to protect women and assure ensure the protection of women. their participation in peacebuilding and reconciliation, “but they are not a substitute for grass-roots efforts to In 2010, the Syrian Arab Republic established a empower women and to build long-term resilience to National Observatory on Gender-based Violence, crises of any sort,” according to the report. which will be linked to the country’s family protec- tion units. “Governments need to seize opportunities arising out of post-conflict recovery or emerging from received support from UNFPA in 2010 for natural disasters to increase the chances that coun- a review of the National Action Plan to Combat tries are not just rebuilt, but built back better and Domestic Violence against Women. renewed, with women and men on equal footing, with rights and opportunities for all and a founda- STOPPING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE tion for development and security in the long run,” In the lead-up to the 10 th anniversary of landmark the report argues. Security Council resolution 1325 condemning violence against women and girls in conflict, UNFPA While conflict and disaster can worsen inequalities published its annual flagship State of World Population between men and women, Ms. Obaid said at the 2010 , which showed that when women have access launch in , “recovery from conflict and disaster to the same rights and opportunities as men, they are also presents a unique opportunity—an opportunity to more resilient to conflict and disaster and can lead rectify inequalities, ensure equal protection under the reconstruction and renewal efforts in their societies. law, and create space for positive change.”

Security Council Resolution 1325 aimed not only to Ms. Obaid noted that the report calls attention to put a stop to sexual violence against women and girls the “devastating and unacceptable sexual violence” in armed conflict but also encouraged greater partici- in countries affected by conflict and natural disaster. pation by women in peacebuilding initiatives. “This report calls for urgent and concerted action to protect women, prevent sexual violence, stop “When women and girls suffer deep discrimination, impunity and bring justice.” they are more vulnerable to the worst effects of disaster or war, including rape, and less likely to con- tribute to peacebuilding, which threatens long-term recovery,” said former UNFPA Executive Director Thoraya Ahmed Obaid at the launch of the report.

Through the stories of individuals affected by conflict or catastrophe in , Haiti, Iraq, Jordan, Liberia, the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Timor-Leste and Uganda, the report shows how communities and civil society are healing old wounds and moving forward. However, more still needs to be done to ensure that women have access to services and have a voice in peace deals or recon- struction plans.

Security Council resolutions guide the international The Salem police station in Monrovia, Liberia community’s response to conflict and establish the ©VII Photo/Marcus Bleasdale

Gender, Culture and Human Rights 25 ENDING HARMFUL PRACTICES THROUGH COMMUNITY-LED SOCIAL CHANGE IN SENEGAL

Many organizations are work- Villagers have come to the deci- Programme on Female Genital ing to eliminate female genital sion to abandon the practice on Cutting/Mutilation is also mutilation/cutting in Africa. But their own after learning some supporting the organization in the organization that has been basic facts about the harm the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, most successful in this, Senegal’s practice inflicts on women Djibouti and Somalia. Tostan, was not originally focused and their children and, just on this particular harmful practice. as important, coming to the realization that people “We didn’t set out to end have the right to abandon female genital cutting,” says a pervasive, deep-rooted, Molly Melching, who founded centuries-old tradition if Tostan in 1991. ( tostan means that tradition is contrary “breakthrough” in Wolof, a main to their best interests, language of Senegal.) “This is Ms. Melching explained. a holistic programme. The goal was simply to empower com- Because of Tostan’s munities to make their own deci- remarkable success A girl in Senegal listens while her mother sions about everything, including in ending the prac- attends a meeting hosted by Tostan, a group the things they’ve always taken tice in Senegal, the that leads grass roots campaigns to eradi- for granted.” UNFPA-UNICEF Joint cate female genital cutting/mutilation ©Reuters/Finbarr O’Reilly

.

The State of World Population report is published annually and raises awareness about issues related to the achievements of an inter-agency task force’s UNFPA’s mandate or the programme on gender-based violence that covers Programme of Action of the Burkina Faso, Chile, Fiji, Jamaica, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, International Conference on Paraguay, the Philippines, Rwanda and Yemen. Population Development. Highlights Also in 2010, UNFPA UNFPA coordinated the establishment of psychoso- hosted a gathering in cial, legal and medical referral systems for survivors of New York of women from sexual violence in Haiti after the earthquake. UNFPA a dozen countries to share also participated in training of United Nations military their struggles to put patrols in camps to help them prevent and address an end to gender-based gender-based violence. Haiti also received assistance violence worldwide. from through a UNFPA-backed South-South The event addressed cooperation initiative in addressing gender-based violence against women and adolescent girls.

The State of World Population 2010 showed how women and girls must be involved in recovery and reconstruction after war or natural disaster. ©UN Photo/Sophia Paris

26 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 UNFPA and UNIFEM supported Kyrgyzstan’s demobilization, and reintegration process Crisis Centres in Osh and Jalal-Abad to assist survi- and peace-promotion activities. vors of sexual violence in the aftermath of the civil unrest in the country last year. UNFPA and Timor-Leste’s Secretary of State for Promotion of Equality advocated for the approval Sierra Leone improved gender-based violence report- and promulgation of the Law Against Domestic ing, referrals and community education by the family Violence in 2010. support units of the country’s police force, and Côte d’Ivoire provided medical or psychosocial support to 281 survivors of gender-based violence.

In South Kordufan in Sudan in 2010, UNFPA inte- grated awareness-raising about HIV and a response to gender-based violence into the disarmament,

Family in Liberia. @VII Photo/ Marcus Bleasdale RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT

28 Resources and Management INCOME UNFPA surpassed funding targets for regular and other resources in 2010 and secured multi-year commitments from 46 countries in 2010. Twenty-one donors made contributions exceeding $1 million. Total regular and other income in 2010 was about $870 million, up from $783 million in 2009.

Regular income totalled $507.7 million, an increase TOP 20 DONORS TO UNFPA* of $21.3 million (4.4 per cent) over the 2009 total CONTRIBUTIONS IN US$ REGULAR of $486.4 million. The 2010 total includes $491.2 DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS 1 million in voluntary contributions from governments Netherlands 73,600,540 Sweden 60,564,947 and private donors, $10.1 million in interest income 54,133,377 and $6.4 million in other income. Regular resources, United States 51,400,000 Denmark 37,124,230 mostly comprising government commitments, Finland 33,738,192 30,227,803 provide reliable, flexible support for UNFPA pro- 25,438,946 grammes in developing countries. They also are used Spain 21,419,009 Germany 19,498,937 for programme administration and management. 17,059,980 Other contributions in 2010 totalled $362.3 million, Switzerland 14,462,810 Australia 7,311,852 an increase of $65.7 million (22.2 per cent) from Belgium 6,399,477 New Zealand 4,423,800 Ireland 3,663,004 Luxembourg 3,576,248 INCOME AND EXPENDITURES 2010 2,294,197 IN MILLIONS OF US$ Austria 1,826,639 INCOME 1,400,560 REGULAR RESOURCES Voluntary Contributions 491.2 OTHER 2 Interest Income 10.1 DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS UN Inter-Organizational Transfers 3 93,009,657 Other Income 6.4 United Kingdom 67,612,315 Total Regular Income 507.7 Netherlands 46,010,410 Spain 4 23,430,664 OTHER RESOURCES Sweden 13,528,751 Trust Funds 357.2 European Commission 12,314,803 Other Arrangements 3.5 Norway 11,553,437 Interest and Other Income 1.6 Australia 10,192,437 Total Other Resources Income 362.3 United States Agency for International Development 5,918,717 TOTAL INCOME 870.0 Luxembourg 5,914,290 Colombia 5,087,956 EXPENDITURES Germany 3,310,969 REGULAR RESOURCES Japan 2,499,800 Programme Expenditures 366.2 Uruguay 1,659,392 Total Programme Expenditures 366.2 United Nations Fund for International Partnerships 1,595,808 Biennial Support Budget Expenditures 106.9 Côte d’Ivoire (African Development Bank) 1,563,435 Regionalization 2.2 Denmark 1,561,809 Implementation of IPSAS and Italy 1,417,444 Enterprise Resource Planning System 4.0 Canada 1,417,031 Security 3.7 Finland 1,191,467

Other Expenditures 1 Contributions for regular resources for 2010 Total Regular Expenditures 483.0 2 Cash contributions received for co-financing resources in 2010 OTHER RESOURCES 3 Includes Joint Funding Mechanisms: Office of the Coordination of Humani- Total Programme Expenditures 316.8 tarian Affairs, including Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF): $10.7 million, Joint Programmes that follow United Nations Development Group Other Expenditures 1.5 (UNDG): $26.3 million, United Nations Human Security Trust Fund: $1.7 mil- Total Other Resources Expenditures 318.3 lion, Regular Joint Programmes: $31.3 million, and bilateral transfers from TOTAL EXPENDITURES 801.4 United Nations Entities: $22.9 million. INCOME OVER EXPENDITURES 68.6 4 Includes Spain (Catalonia) Contributions * Contributions valued in US$ at the time they were received using the United Nations Operational Rate of Exchange (arranged by descending order). ALL FIGURES ARE PROVISIONAL AS OF 30 MARCH 2011. Totals may not ALL FIGURES ARE PROVISIONAL. Interim report prepared 30 March 2011 add up due to rounding, is based on preliminary data.

Resources and Management 29 $296.6 million in 2009. The 2010 figure includes EXPENDITURES BY COUNTRY GROUP interest and other income of $1.6 million. Income IN MILLIONS OF US$ AND AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL from other resources is earmarked for specific 2009 2010 activities, and encompasses trust funds, cost-sharing programme arrangements and other restricted funds. 18% 19% 51.6 51.5 EXPENDITURES 7% 16% 18.6 44.7 Project expenditures from regular resources in 74% 0% 65% 1% 198.2 1.1 182.8 3.8 2010 totaled $366.2 million, compared to $347.8 million in 2009. The 2010 figure includes $315

Group A Group B Group C Other* million for country and regional programmes,

Please refer to the map on pages 32-33 for Group Listings. compared to $304 million in 2009; and $51.3 * Countries or territories that received technical assistance or project support from UNFPA but received no regular resources from UNFPA. million for global and other programmes, Percentages that are zero are the result of rounding.

EXPENDITURES BY REGION REGULAR RESOURCES*

IN MILLIONS % OF TOTAL IN MILLIONS % OF TOTAL REGION US$ PROGRAMME REGION US$ PROGRAMME SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ASIA AND THE PACIFIC BY PROGRAMME AREA BY PROGRAMME AREA Reproductive health 62.8 46.2 Reproductive health 63.0 65.6 Population and development 31.6 23.3 Population and development 17.6 18.3 Gender equality and women’s empowerment 17.5 12.9 Gender equality and women’s empowerment 8.7 9.1 Programme coordination and assistance 23.9 17.6 Programme coordination and assistance 6.7 7.0 Total 135.9 100.0 Total 96.0 100.0 COUNTRY ACTIVITIES BY GROUP COUNTRY ACTIVITIES BY GROUP Group A 96.1 76.1 Group A 58.5 67.2 Group B 3.1 2.5 Group B 20.0 23.0 Group C 27.0 21.4 Group C 8.5 9.8 Total 126.2 100.0 Total 87.0 100.0 Country 126.2 92.9 Country 87.0 90.6 Regional activities 9.7 7.1 Regional activities 9.0 9.4 Total Region 135.9 100.0 Total Region 96.0 100.0

ARAB STATES LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN BY PROGRAMME AREA BY PROGRAMME AREA Reproductive health 13.3 48.7 Reproductive health 16.4 42.3 Population and development 4.4 16.1 Population and development 10.4 26.8 Gender equality and women’s empowerment 3.7 13.6 Gender equality and women’s empowerment 6.9 17.8 Programme coordination and assistance 5.9 21.6 Programme coordination and assistance 5.1 13.1 Total 27.3 100.0 Total 38.8 100.0 COUNTRY ACTIVITIES BY GROUP COUNTRY ACTIVITIES BY GROUP GROUP A 17.4 70.7 GROUP A 10.1 31.3 GROUP B 4.8 19.5 GROUP B 19.0 58.8 GROUP C 0.2 0.8 GROUP C 3.2 9.9 Other 2.2 8.9 Total 32.3 100.0 Total 24.6 100.0 Country 32.3 83.2 Country 24.6 90.1 Regional activities 6.5 16.8 Regional activities 2.7 9.9 Total Region 38.8 100.0 Total Region 27.3 100.0 GLOBAL AND OTHER PROGRAMMES EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA BY PROGRAMME AREA BY PROGRAMME AREA Reproductive health 11.7 22.8 Reproductive health 6.8 40.2 Population and development 9.5 18.5 Population and development 3.2 18.9 Gender equality and women’s empowerment 4.8 9.4 Gender equality and women’s empowerment 1.8 10.7 Programme coordination and assistance 25.3 49.3 Programme coordination and assistance 5.1 30.2 Total 51.3 100.0 Total 16.9 100.0 COUNTRY ACTIVITIES BY GROUP Group A 0.7 5.5 * All data used throughout these tables are provisional. Totals may not add up Group B 4.7 37.0 due to rounding. Group C 5.7 44.9 Other 1.6 12.6 Total 12.7 100.0 Country 12.7 75.1 Regional activities 4.2 24.9 Total Region 16.9 100.0

30 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 compared to $43.8 million for 2009. UNFPA provided projects. UNFPA’s Ethics Office in 2010 designed a $174.1 million in assistance for reproductive health, training module on supervisory accountability and $76.6 million for population and development, ethical behavior in the workplace. UNFPA complied $43.5 million for gender equality and women’s 100 per cent with the requirements of the annual empowerment, and $72.1 million for programme financial disclosure programme. coordination and assistance. These expenditures enabled UNFPA to carry out recommendations UNFPA expanded and deepened advocacy and approved by the UNFPA Executive Board. programming partnerships with stakeholders at the global, regional and country levels in 2010. For REGIONAL SPENDING example, an existing partnership among UNFPA, In 2010, UNFPA provided support to 123 develop- UNICEF, the World Health Organization, the World ing countries, areas and territories: 45 in sub-Saharan Bank and UNAIDS—together known as the “Health Africa, 14 in the Arab States, 20 in Eastern Europe and Four Plus,” supported and will help implement the Central Asia, 21 in Latin America and the Caribbean, Secretary-General’s Global Strategy for Women’s and and 23 in Asia and the Pacific. Sub-Saharan Africa re- Children’s Health, which aims to improve the health ceived the largest percentage of UNFPA regular resourc- of hundreds of millions of women and children es at $135.9 million, followed by Asia and the Pacific at around the world. $96 million, Latin America and the Caribbean at $38.8 million, the Arab States at $27.3 million, and Eastern UNFPA collaborated with other United Nations enti- Europe and Central Asia at $16.9 million. ties in a record 244 joint programmes in 2010.

MANAGEMENT HIGHLIGHTS UNFPA stepped up efforts in 2010 to strengthen UNFPA ASSISTANCE BY PROGRAMME AREA accountability and increase institutional capacities IN MILLIONS OF US$ (Programme expenditures from regular resources) in financial management, especially in country and regional offices and in support of nationally executed 2009 2010 174.1 175 160.9 Note: All tables, charts and other financial information 150 in this report are based on provisional figures. 125

100 94.6

76.6 72.1 UNFPA ASSISTANCE BY REGION 75 46.3 46 IN MILLIONS OF US$ BY PERCENTAGE 50 43.5

(Programme expenditures from regular resources) 25

150 0 135.9 26% 125 BY PERCENTAGE 2009 2010 100 96.0 7% 27.2% 21% 75 11% 12% 51.3 50 5% 38.8 37% 13.3% 27.3 14% 25 16.9 20% 0 46.2% 13.3% 48%

Africa (sub-Saharan) Latin America and the Caribbean Reproductive Health Population and Development Asia and the Pacific Eastern Europe and Central Asia Gender Equality and Programme Coordination Arab States Global and Other Programmes Women’s Empowerment and Assistance

Resources and Management 31 Where UNFPA Works

UNFPA worked in 155 countries, NEW YORK areas and territories in 2010 Washington, DC through its headquarters in New York and five regional, six subregional and 119 country Kingston offices worldwide. UNFPA also has liaison offices in Brussels, PANAMA CITY Copenhagen, Geneva, Tokyo and Washington, D.C. Eighty- UNFPA headquarters two per cent of UNFPA’s Liaison offices Regional offices 1,125 staff work in regional, Subregional offices subregional or country offices. Regional and subregional office

GROUP A Rwanda Countries and territories in most need of as- São Tomé and Principe sistance to realize goals of the International Senegal Conference on Population and Development Sierra Leone Swaziland SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Togo Angola Uganda Benin United Republic of Tanzania (the) Burkina Faso Zambia Burundi Zimbabwe Cameroon Cape Verde ARAB STATES GROUP B Central African Republic Djibouti Countries that have made considerable progress Chad Occupied Palestinian Territory towards achieving goals of the International Comoros Somalia Conference on Population and Development Congo Sudan Côte d’Ivoire Yemen SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Democratic Republic of the Congo Botswana Equatorial Guinea ASIA AND THE PACIFIC South Africa Eritrea Afghanistan Ethiopia Bangladesh ARAB STATES Gabon Bhutan Algeria Gambia Cambodia Egypt Ghana India Iraq Guinea Lao People’s Democratic Republic Lebanon Guinea-Bissau Maldives Morocco Kenya Myanmar Syrian Arab Republic Lesotho Nepal Tunisia Liberia Pacific Island countries and territories* Madagascar Pakistan EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Malawi Papua New Guinea Albania Mali Timor-Leste Armenia Mauritania Azerbaijan Mozambique LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Bosnia and Herzegovina Namibia Guatemala Kazakhstan Niger Haiti Kyrgyzstan Nigeria Honduras Tajikistan

32 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 Copenhagen Brussels Geneva Almaty Tokyo

CAIRO Kathmandu

Dakar BANGKOK

Suva

JOHANNESBURG

*Pacific Island countries and territories are listed twice because some fall under category A and others under category C. Category A includes Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Category C includes the Cook Islands, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Tokelau and Tonga. **Caribbean countries and territories are listed twice because some fall under category B and some under category C. Category B includes Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. Category C includes Anguilla, Antigua Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Christopher and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and Grenadines, Netherlands Antilles, and Turks and Caicos Islands. ***Includes programmes in Kosovo. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNFPA concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. The regional office for Eastern Europe and Central Asia relocated to Istanbul in early 2011.

Turkmenistan GROUP C ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Uzbekistan Countries and territories that have China demonstrated significant progress Malaysia ASIA AND THE PACIFIC in achieving the goals of the International Pacific Island countries and territories* Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Conference on Population Sri Lanka Indonesia and Development Thailand Iran (Islamic Republic of) Mongolia LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Philippines SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Argentina Viet Nam Mauritius Caribbean countries and territories** Seychelles Chile LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Cuba Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ARAB STATES Mexico Brazil Jordan Uruguay Caribbean countries and territories** Colombia EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA OTHER Costa Rica Belarus Countries or territories that received technical Dominican Republic Bulgaria assistance or project support from UNFPA but Ecuador Georgia received no regular resources from UNFPA El Salvador Republic of Moldova Nicaragua Romania ARAB STATES Panama Russian Federation Oman Paraguay *** Peru Turkey EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Ukraine The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Resources and Management 33 At the country level, UNFPA offices entered into UNFPA ASSISTANCE BY IMPLEMENTING AGENCY or expanded partnerships that are strengthening IN MILLIONS OF US$ (Programme expenditures from regular resources) national capacity to advocate for the agenda of the International Conference on Population and 2009 2010 Development through outreach to media, new 250 243.4 227.5 publications, public events, training, seminars and

200 workshops. In Nepal, for example, UNFPA sup- ported a forum on the agenda of the International 150 Conference on Population and Development and

100 partnered with media to raise awareness about mater- 82.7 79.5 nal and child health and other issues. 50 41.3 34.8

2.9 0 2.0 In addition, last year UNFPA established an advisory panel of non-governmental organizations and an BY PERCENTAGE 2009 2010 External Advisory Panel to bring independent advice 10.1% 11.3% 23.8% 21.7% and perspectives and new ideas to the organization.

0.5% In 2010, UNFPA integrated internal communica- 0.9% tions and knowledge management into a new platform, MyUNFPA. The newly unified system 65.2% 66.5% has changed the way staff across the organization Governments United Nations Agencies communicate with each other and do business. UNFPA* Non-governmental Organizations MyUNFPA provides a safe space for staff to discuss

* Includes assistance to procurement for government projects. internal issues and create knowledge global, regional and national networks. Since the site’s launch in November, 104 UNFPA offices—82 percent—began using the new platform. One in two staff has already joined groups, or communities of practice, and about one in five created “assets,” which allow colleagues to work together on a project or a document. For the first time, external partners may also join groups. More than 1,000 staff posted their professional profiles to the site. Moreover, through MyUNFPA, UNFPA is making greater use of webinars to share knowledge with field offices and save money on travel. In 2010, UNFPA organized 32 webinars with a total of 1,740 participants.

Market outside Monrovia, Liberia. ©VII Photo/ Marcus Bleasdale

34 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 2010 PROJECT EXPENDITURES IN THOUSANDS OF US$ (INCLUDES REGULAR AND OTHER RESOURCES)

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ASIA AND THE PACIFIC EASTERN EUROPE AND Angola 1,762 Afghanistan 8,119 CENTRAL ASIA Benin 3,312 Bangladesh 8,375 Albania 1,561 Botswana 1,651 Bhutan 1,233 Armenia 828 Burkina Faso 8,153 Cambodia 6,529 Azerbaijan 986 Burundi 3,950 China 4,558 Belarus 456 Cameroon 4,144 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 1,375 Bosnia and Herzegovina 743 Cape Verde 2,094 India 13,302 Bulgaria 118 Central African Republic 4,215 Indonesia 6,603 Georgia 1,704 Chad 6,993 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1,557 Kazakhstan 704 Comoros 1,431 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 3,261 Kyrgyzstan 1,368 Congo 2,770 Malaysia 405 Moldova, Republic of 792 Cote d’Ivoire 7,245 Maldives 507 Romania 232 Democratic Republic of the Congo 12,158 Mongolia 2,898 Russian Federation 1,610 Equatorial Guinea 1,410 Myanmar 8,307 Serbia b 1,105 Eritrea 4,942 Nepal 4,911 Tajikistan 1,329 Ethiopia 14,290 Pacific Island countries and territories a - The former Yugoslav Gabon 1,325 Pakistan 19,220 Republic of Macedonia 588 Gambia 1,730 Papua New Guinea 2,539 Turkey 2,468 Ghana 5,006 Philippines 8,404 Turkmenistan 704 Guinea 3,830 Sri Lanka 3,662 Ukraine 646 Guinea-Bissau 2,236 Thailand 2,078 Uzbekistan 1,091 Kenya 6,384 Timor-Leste 3,508 Country and Territory Projects Total 19,036 Lesotho 2,221 Viet Nam 8,138 Regional Projects 5,890 Liberia 5,022 Country and Territory Projects Total 119,488 Eastern Europe and Madagascar 6,277 Regional Projects 13,901 Central Asia Total 24,927 Malawi 9,608 Asia and the Pacific Total 133,389 Mali 6,572 Mauritania 4,388 LATIN AMERICA AND Mauritius 14 ARAB STATES THE CARIBBEAN Mozambique 11,259 Algeria 237 Argentina 934 Namibia 3,036 Djibouti 1,235 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 3,025 Niger 7,521 Egypt 3,220 Brazil 2,736 Nigeria 11,961 Iraq 4,130 Caribbean countries and territories c 2,873 Rwanda 4,165 Jordan 1,513 Chile 407 São Tomé and Principe 676 Lebanon 1,454 Colombia 9,891 Senegal 4,059 Morocco 2,814 Costa Rica 1,176 Seychelles 112 Occupied Palestinian Territory 3,862 Cuba 707 Sierra Leone 10,181 Oman 492 Dominican Republic 2,595 South Africa 2,080 Republic of Yemen 3,338 Ecuador 2,521 Swaziland 1,366 Somalia 2,372 El Salvador 2,021 Togo 3,713 Sudan 13,741 Guatemala 6,999 Uganda 12,028 Syrian Arab Republic 3,309 Haiti 16,292 United Republic of Tanzania (the) 6,953 Tunisia 573 Honduras 3,458 Zambia 4,200 Country and Territory Projects Total 42,291 Mexico 3,216 Zimbabwe 12,756 Regional Projects 4,017 Nicaragua 8,056 Country and Territory Projects Total 231,200 Arab States Total 46,308 Panama 1,108 Regional Projects 13,689 Paraguay 1,163 Sub-Saharan Africa Total 244,889 Peru 2,959 Uruguay 2,797 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1,592 Country and Territory Projects Total 76,526 Regional Projects 14,169 ALL FIGURES ARE PROVISIONAL. Interim report prepared 30 March 2011 is based on preliminary data. Latin America and the Totals may not add up due to rounding. a Figures for Pacific multi-islands comprise several islands which, for reporting purposes, are classified Caribbean Total 90,695 under one heading, including the Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Global programme b Includes programmes in Kosovo. and other activities 137,975 c Figures for Caribbean, English- and Dutch- speaking, comprise several countries and islands which, for Total programme expenditure 678,185 reporting purposes, have been classified under one heading, including Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, The British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Dominica,

Grenadaa, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Netherlands Antilles, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago and the Turks and Caicos Islands. TOTAL PROJECT EXPENDITURES Country Projects 488,541 Regional Projects 51,667 Global and Other Projects 137,975 Procurement Services, Junior Professional Officers and Other Programmes 4,859 GRAND TOTAL 683,043

Resources and Management 35 2010 DONOR COMMITMENTS AND PAYMENTS CONTRIBUTIONS IN US$

COMMITMENTS COMMITMENTS COMMITMENTS FOR CURRENT PAYMENTS FOR CURRENT PAYMENTS FOR CURRENT PAYMENTS GOVERNMENT/DONOR YEAR 1 RECEIVED 2 GOVERNMENT/DONOR YEAR 1 RECEIVED 2 GOVERNMENT/DONOR YEAR 1 RECEIVED 2

Afghanistan 100 600 Kenya 10,000 9,826 Tuvalu 3,000 Algeria 3 10,000 Kuwait 10,000 10,000 Uganda 8 50,000 10,000 Andorra 30,589 30,589 Lao People’s Ukraine 1,000 Antigua and Barbuda 1,000 Democratic Republic 5 500 2,000 United Kingdom 32,000,000 30,227,803 Argentina 2,000 500 Lesotho 3,053 United Republic Armenia 1,500 1,500 Liberia 10,000 of Tanzania 4,038 Australia 7,311,852 7,311,852 Liechtenstein 23,789 23,789 United States Austria 1,802,009 1,826,639 Luxembourg 3,823,954 3,576,248 of America 51,400,000 51,400,000 Azerbaijan 5,000 5,000 Madagascar 2,500 2,500 Uruguay 3,000 Bahamas 1,000 1,000 Malaysia 230,000 215,000 Uzbekistan 662 Bangladesh 25,000 25,000 Maldives 5,000 5,000 Vanuatu 4,8 5,243 5,243 Barbados 5,000 Mali 6,600 Viet Nam 4,256 Belgium 5 6,932,836 7,842,478 Marshall Islands 4,8 3,100 3,000 Yemen Arab Republic 25,000 22,072 Belize 2,500 7,500 Mauritania 7 3,827 11,004 Zambia 4,000 Benin 4,000 Mauritius 3,226 3,226 Private Contributions 198,281 198,281 Bhutan 5,950 Mexico 79,241 79,241 Others 1,150,538 640,181 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 94 Micronesia, Fed. States of 4,8 3,000 3,000 Botswana 8 15,678 29,678 Monaco 20,035 20,035 SUBTOTAL 498,083,365 476,553,386 Brazil 50,000 Mongolia 4,000 4,000 LOSS ON FOREIGN Burkina Faso 8,799 Montenegro 300 300 EXCHANGE (6,896,635) Burundi 781 781 Morocco 10,000 10,000 TOTAL 491,186,730 476,553,386 Cambodia 4,164 4,164 Myanmar 5 235 421 Cameroon 43,997 Namibia 1,000 Canada 16,275,797 17,059,980 Nepal 5,435 5,435 1 Official written commitments received as of Chile 5,000 5,000 Netherlands 78,698,413 73,600,540 31 December 2010 China 1,050,000 1,050,000 New Zealand 4,423,800 4,423,800 2 Actual payments received as of 31 December 2010 Colombia 50,000 50,000 Nicaragua 2,000 2,000 3 Payments of 2010 commitment received in Comoros 7,8 2,068 3,068 Niger 5,000 prior years Congo 61,314 Nigeria 31,167 4 Includes payments for 2010 and future years Cook Islands 1,145 Norway 57,538,995 54,133,377 5 Includes payments for 2010 and prior years Costa Rica 5,529 6,436 Oman 9 40,000 10,000 6 Payments for 2009 Côte d’Ivoire 10,000 Pakistan 549,031 549,031 7 Includes payments for 2010, and prior years and 25,000 25,000 Palau 500 future years Cuba 5,000 5,000 Palestine, 8 Revenue for 2010 and future years recognized Cyprus 5,240 Occupied Territories 1,000 1,000 in 2010 Denmark 38,541,079 37,124,230 Panama 10,000 10,000 9 Payments for 2008 Dominica 926 1,389 Papua New Guinea 3,891 10 Payment for 2007 Dominican Republic 30,000 Paraguay 1,068 1,068 Ecuador 2,000 Philippines 6 55,093 32,609 Egypt 5 118,397 225,177 Portugal 360,750 360,750 Parentheses indicate a negative number. Equatorial Guinea 3 41,029 Qatar 30,000 30,000 ALL FIGURES ARE PROVISIONAL. Eritrea 2,000 2,000 Republic of Korea 85,565 85,565 Interim report prepared 30 March 2011 is based on Estonia 4,8 73,324 35,507 Romania 10,651 10,651 preliminary data. Fiji 6 2,703 2,632 Russian Federation 300,000 300,000 Finland 33,738,192 33,738,192 Rwanda 5,8 2,500 1,900 France 2,294,197 2,294,197 Samoa 3,000 3,000 Gabon 11,480 11,480 São Tomé and Principe 8,926 Gambia 8 44,199 Saudi Arabia 10 500,000 200,000 Georgia 2,500 2,500 Serbia 1,000 Germany 19,498,937 19,498,937 Sierra Leone 8,000 Ghana 12,500 Singapore 5,000 5,000 10,000 Slovak Republic 14,430 14,430 Grenada 100 Slovenia 43,011 Guatemala 5,000 Solomon Islands 1,000 Guinea 8 17,425 17,425 South Africa 25,467 Guinea-Bissau 1,000 Spain 21,419,009 21,419,009 Guyana 500 Sri Lanka 18,000 18,000 Haiti 10,000 Suriname 2,000 Honduras 3,388 3,388 Swaziland 10,000 10,000 Hungary 40,000 Sweden 58,333,333 60,564,947 Iceland 100,000 100,000 Switzerland 8 26,552,620 14,462,810 India 495,962 495,962 Syrian Arab Republic 11,341 11,341 Indonesia 72,716 37,716 Tajikistan 205 203 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 9 43,705 Thailand 96,000 96,000 Ireland 3,663,004 3,663,004 The former Yugoslav Israel 3 20,000 Republic of Macedonia 2,500 Italy 1,443,001 1,400,560 Timor-Leste 3,050 3,050 Jamaica 5 1,000 2,000 Tonga 4,8 200 400 Japan 25,438,946 25,438,946 Trinidad and Tobago 5,000 5,000 Jordan 50,071 50,071 Tunisia 18,518 18,518 Kazakhstan 50,000 50,000 Turkey 150,000 150,000

36 UNFPA Annual Report 2010 Resources and Management 37 UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND Information and External Relations Division 605 Third Avenue New York, NY 10158 U.S.A. Tel: +1 (212) 297-5000 www.unfpa.org

© UNFPA 2011 ISBN 978-0-89714-983-9 E/9,300/2011

38 Resources and Management