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The Biodiversity of Elaterids Species (Coleoptera , Elateridae) in Deciduous Hill Forest Ecosystem from Moldavia, Romania

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The Biodiversity of Elaterids Species (Coleoptera , Elateridae) in Deciduous Hill Forest Ecosystem from Moldavia, Romania Zaharia: Studies regarding the diversity and abundance of Elaterids species (Coleoptera, Elateridae) in the soil of deciduous hill forest ecosystem from Moldavia, Romania STUDIES REGARDING THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF ELATERIDS SPECIES (COLEOPTERA, ELATERIDAE) IN THE SOIL OF DECIDUOUS HILL FOREST ECOSYSTEM FROM MOLDAVIA, ROMANIA Lacramioara (Ciuca) Zaharia [email protected] Museum of Natural Science “Ion Borcea”, Bacau1 Abstract This paperwork presents the research regarding the diversity and the abundance of the click beetles species identified in the soil of some forest ecosystems from Moldavia (Romania) both forests and forest nurseries. There were identified a number of 28 species belonging to 17 genera, most of them with a phytophagous diet, among which some are pests. We also present the spreading of larvae correlated with the type of soils and forests, and dendrograms for cenotical similarity. Keywords: Elateridae, deciduous forests, Romania 1. Introduction The elaterids are spread in all natural and anthropic ecosystems and their place in the ecology of natural habitat varies from one species to another, and, also to their development stages. The species with larval development in rotten or decayed wood affected or not by white or red rot, are predators and have a life cycle of one year. The species with larval stages in soil, larval development take place during 3 or 4 years, and these are phytophagous. The elaterids fauna of Romanian forest ecosystem was not very well studied from the ecological point of view and the spread of these species is closely related with some soil factors like density, pH- value, slope exposition and moisture, also forest type, species composition of the stands, trees density, and bushes are of tremendous importance. Along with the natural factors mentioned above in anthropic ecosystem like forest nurseries an important place is taken by the chemical treatments. 2. Material and methods The biological material - most of it larvae of click beetles – was collected in different forest regions and forest nurseries from Moldavia. In order to collect specimens from forest nurseries we made soil polls. We made 80 soil polls in different forestry cultures in the following forest nurseries: Truşeşti (Botoşani district); Salcia (Suceava district); Târgu Neamţ and Başta (Piatra Neamţ district) and Inărie and Hanu Conachi (Galaţi district), and we collected 86 specimens. In order to study the diversity and the abundance of wireworms in forests’ soil we sampled stands from the following Forest Districts: Flămânzi, Darabani, Mihai Eminescu, Botoşani, Dorohoi and Truşeşti (Botoşani district); Pădureni, Hârlău, Paşcani, Podu Iloaiei (Iaşi district); Huşi, Brodoc, Băceşti (Vaslui district) and Galaţi (Galaţi district). In forests we made 746 soil polls and a number of 365 specimens were collected. The statistical analyses were performed by the means of BioDiversity Pro. There were used dendrograms and correspondence analysis. IUFRO Working Party 7.03.10 Proceedings of the Workshop 2006, Gmunden/Austria 246 Zaharia: Studies regarding the diversity and abundance of Elaterids species (Coleoptera, Elateridae) in the soil of deciduous hill forest ecosystem from Moldavia, Romania 3. Results In samples collected from forest ecosystems we identified 21 species belonging to15 genera and 5 subfamilies (Pyrophorinae, Cardiophorinae, Dendrometrinae, Elaterinae and Melanotinae), among these many species are phytophagous, the larva develops in the soil and a few (4 species) have the larval development also in rotten wood buried in soil. The specimens collected from forest nurseries were identified as 16 species from 8 genera among which some species are considered being pests for different agricultural and forestry crops. Most of the specimens identified in forest ecosystems belong to the species from Dendromentrinae subfamily - 289 included in 15 species. The highest number of specimens identified in forest nurseries belongs to the subfamily Elaterinae (54) exclusively to Agriotes genus – which was identified only in anthropic influenced soil. In table 1 we present the species of click beetles for each forest and soil type. The greatest number of species was identified in sessile oak forests with mull vegetation – 17 species and a density of 0.5 specimens/m2. High diversity was found, also in hill mixed forests with sessile oak (10 species and a density of 0.71 specimens/m2) on brown luvisoils and mixed sessile oak forests (10 species, 0.37 specimens/m2) on the same type of soil. A lower diversity was found in mixed steppe oak forests from hill region on alluvial soils (3 species and 0.60 specimens/m2), mixed sessile oak forests with beech (3 species and a density of 0.83 specimens/m2), sessile slope oak forests with Luzula luzuloides (3 species and 0.64 specimens/m2) and sessile oak forests from river meadows with Carex pilosa. The lowest species diversity was found in the plateau sessile oak forests on heavy soils and sessile oak forests with Lithospermum purpureo – coerulens – 1 species. In beech and hornbeam forest with mull vegetation and in beech stand we didn’t identified any specimens of wireworms. The percent of each click beetle species from forests soil fauna is also shown in the table 1. Out of the 21 identified species 35.1 % of the collected specimens belong to Athous haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1801). Other species with high abundance are: Melanotus brunnipes (Germar, 1824) – 15.1 % (55 specimens), Prosternon tessellatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – 13.4 % (49 specimens), and Nothodes parvulus (Panzer, 1799) - 13.4 % (13.2 specimens). These species were constantly identified in the most of the collected samples. The diversity and abundance of click beetles species identified in forest nurseries are presented in table 2. The dominant species is Agriotes ustulatus (Schaller, 1783) with 30.2 %, followed by Agriotes obscurus (Linnaeus, 1758) with 12.8 % and Agriotes sputator (Linnaeus, 1758) with 10.5 %. Below 10 percent are the rest of the species among which Athous haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1801) has 9.3 %, Athous mollis (Reitter, 1905) and Agriotes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1767) both with 5.8 %. In forests nurseries the species with high percentage belong especially to the genus Agriotes and in forests soil the dominant species belongs to Athous, Cidnopus and Prosternon genera from Dendrometrinae subfamily. Also, we didn’t identify species from Agriotes genus in forests soils. IUFRO Working Party 7.03.10 Proceedings of the Workshop 2006, Gmunden/Austria 247 Zaharia: Studies regarding the diversity and abundance of Elaterids species (Coleoptera, Elateridae) in the soil of deciduous hill forest ecosystem from Moldavia, Romania Table 1: The diversity and abundance of click beetles species for each type of forest ) 2 1858) Elaterids species identified in , studied type of deciduous 1799) (Panzer, (Fabricius, 1801) (Fabricius, (Fabricius,1792) (DeGeer, 1774) (Linnaeus, 1758) forests on various soils (Herbst, 1784) (Erichson, 1840) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Herbst, 1784) (Herbst, (Germar, 1824) (Germar, (Poda, 1761) (Poda, (Fourcroy, 1785) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, (Panzer,1799) (Germar,1844) (Fabricius, 1801) (Fabricius, (Müller, 1767) (Kiesenwetter (Goeze, 1777) (Goeze, (Gmelin, 1790) Density (specimens/m Density Cardiophorus asellus Cardiophorus haemorrhoidalis Athous niger Hemicrepidius parvulus Nothodes Denticollis linearis purpureus Anostirus Prosternon tessellatum Paraphotistus impressus Agrypnus murinus murinus Agrypnus equiseti Dicronychus Athous vittatus sacheri Athous subfuscus Athous bicolor Athous undulatus Diacanthous hirtus Hemicrepidius nigricornis Paraphotistus Selatosomus latus Ampedus sinuatus brunnipes Melanotus Melanotus villosus Hill mixed forests with sessile oak – 3 30 6 6 3 15 9 1 2 22 0.7 harpalic luvisols Mixed oak forest with sessile oak – 15 1 1 1 9 6 1 1 10 0.8 harpalic luvisoils Slope and plateau oak forests from 6 4 1 1 1.1 hill region – harpalic luvisols Sessile oak forests with mull 4 1 48 8 2 1 1 1 7 1 2 13 1 2 9 1 0.5 vegetation – harpalic luvisols Mixed sessile oak forest –harpalic 1 18 2 2 15 13 2 1 1 6 0.4 luvisols Plateau sessile oak forests on heavy 2 1 soil – stagnic luvisols Mixed sessile oak forest with beech 2 1 2 2 0.9 – harpalic luvisols Mixed sessile oak forests with beech 1 1 6 3 2 1 1 0.4 from hill region – harpalic luvisols Beech and hornbeam forest with 0 mull vegetation – harpalic luvisols Mixed oak forest from hill region – 1 1 0.7 calcic luvisols Terrace oak forests – stagnic luvisols 1 0.02 Mixed oak steppe forests from hill 3 1 2 0.6 region – luvic chernozems Sessile oak slope forests with Luzula 2 1 6 0.7 luzuloides – harpalic luvisols Beech hill forests - luvic stagnic 0 phaeozems Mixt meadow hill forests – greyic 0 fluvisols Sessile oak forests with 1 0.3 Lithospermum purpureo-coeruleum – greyic phaeozems Sessile oak forests from river 1 1 3 2.5 meadows with Carex pilosa – harpalic luvisoil TOTAL 14 1 1 128 16 8 17 4 1 2 1 48 1 2 49 1 4 6 3 55 2 364 Percentage 3.8 0.3 0.3 35.1 4.4 2.2 4.7 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 13.2 0.3 0.5 13.4 0.3 1.1 1.6 0.8 15.1 0.5 IUFRO Working Party 7.03.10 Proceedings of the Workshop 2006, Gmunden/Austria 248 Zaharia: Studies regarding the diversity and abundance of Elaterids species (Coleoptera, Elateridae) in the soil of deciduous hill forest ecosystem from Moldavia, Romania Table 2: The diversity and abundance of click beetles species for each sampled forest nursery SPECIA ţ i ş ti ş ta e rie ş ş ă Ba Salcia In Traian Traian Tru Hemeiu of specimens Târgu Neam Percentage from from Percentage the total number the total number 1. Agrypnus murinus (Linnaeus 1758) 1 1 2.3 2. Drasterius bimaculatus (Rossi 1790) 1 1.2 3. Athous haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1801) 1 6 1 9.3 4. Athous sacheri (Kiesenwetter, 1858) 1 2 3.5 5.
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