LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC. (Exact Name of Registrant As Specified in Its Charter) Delaware 95-4652013 (State Or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC. (Exact Name of Registrant As Specified in Its Charter) Delaware 95-4652013 (State Or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S Fellow stockholders, We produced our first learning product in 1995, and in Since it was unwrapped 2002, sales of our learning products made us the third on Christmas day … Arianna largest company in the United States toy industry.* “ has spent countless hours with LeapFrog is one of the fastest-growing education companies, her LeapPad on her lap.Within a and one of the largest publishers of children’s books in the month she could read the stories United States — and we are just getting started. in the original book quite well. 2002 was a banner year for LeapFrog. Annual net sales At first we thought that it was exceeded $531 million, which represented more than 69% more memorization than growth over our 2001 revenues. Net income for 2002 knowledge.We were wrong … increased 349% to $43.4 million compared with $9.7 million in 2001. In July 2002, our she constantly scans the house initial public offering raised a net $115 million for the company. Our capital resources for new words to read. She also and strong financial performance have us well positioned to fund our growth going forward. spends quite a bit of time read- ing her storybooks to her dolls Having met and exceeded all of our financial goals for 2002, we are looking forward to and stuffed animals....Thank building our product offering and developing new market opportunities in 2003. you for creating a wonderfully LeapFrog products are recognized for innovation, engagement and learning efficacy in fun way for my granddaughter every category in which we compete: to learn. Now she can’t wait until • Our core strength in preschool electronic learning aids (ELA) continues to grow. after her fifth birthday so she According to The NPD Group, our market share in 2002 reached 79%, and eight of can get her own library card. the 10 top-selling products in this category were from LeapFrog. We believe we can continue to drive the growth of this category by introducing two new platform products, —Juliann A. 22 new software titles and four standalone products in this market in 2003. Grandparent • We have made a definitive statement about our ability to compete in and address the non-preschool ELA, or “’tween and teen” market. Our market share in this category We integrated in the LeapFrog grew to 71% in 2002, and 16 of the 20 top-selling products were from LeapFrog. curriculum to bring us up to We believe we can lead the expansion of this category by launching four new products standards for literacy.We’re and seven new software titles for this market in 2003. having a lot of success with it. • We are a growth force in the infant and toddler category, our newest market segment. Some of the test results we’re Three of the 10 top-selling products in this category in 2002 were from LeapFrog. We getting with this system plan to introduce a platform product along with six standalone products for the infant are just amazing. and toddler market this year. — Margaret T. Distribution in more than 12 countries contributed to 228% net sales growth in our Teacher international segment in 2002, bringing net sales to $53.6 million. In 2003 we plan to Oakland, California reach out to international children with more than 40 new products. Net sales for our SchoolHouse division grew 129% to $20.1 million in 2002. We believe our SchoolHouse division products are now in use in more than 13,000 classrooms in the U.S. We believe our new LeapTrack™ Assessment and Instruction System is a powerful, effective tool for ” teachers that will help us reach still more educators and classrooms this year. LeapFrog’s focus going forward is clear. We are engaged in an ongoing mission to make learning more engaging and effective for children, parents and teachers. We look forward to launching additional innovative products in 2003, and hope you will continue to monitor our progress and results. Mike Wood President and CEO *Based on retail sales, according to The NPD Group / NPD Funworld /TRSTS. The NPD Toy Retail Sales Tracking Service market study is based on retail sell- through data that encompasses approximately 40% of the toy retailing industry. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K È ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 or ‘ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Transition Period from to Commission file number 001-31396 LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 95-4652013 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 6401 Hollis Street, Suite 150 Emeryville, CA 94608 (Address of principal executive offices) (510) 420-5000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. È Yes ‘ No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ‘ Yes È No There was no established public trading market for the registrant’s common equity as of the last day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The number of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, outstanding as of March 11, 2003, was 21,874,099 and 33,989,800, respectively. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE The registrant has incorporated by reference in Part III of this report on Form 10-K portions of its definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 21, 2003, to be filed by April 30, 2003. SPECIAL NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This report on Form 10-K, including the sections entitled “Item 1. Business,” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Result of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and other factors include those listed under “Risk Factors That May Affect Our Results and Stock Price” in Item 7 of this Form 10-K and those found elsewhere in this Form 10-K. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate” “predict,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this report. INDUSTRY DATA Market share and industry data disclosed in this report on Form 10-K have been obtained from the following sources and publications: NPDFunworldsm, a division of The NPD Group, Inc., Simba Information Inc., the U.S. Department of Education and the National School Supply and Equipment Association. In this Form 10-K, we use data from NPD Funworld’s Consumer Panel, and NPD Funworld’s Toy Retail Sales Tracking Service, or TRSTS. We refer to NPD Funworld’s Consumer Panel data when discussing the sizes of markets and our share of those markets and to TRSTS data when discussing sales of individual products. According to NPD Funworld, the Consumer Panel data is compiled from diary information collected from a panel of over 700,000 U.S. consumers, and this information is used to extrapolate data for the traditional U.S. toy market. NPD Funworld’s Consumer Panel data includes information about the overall size of the market and its various segments. According to NPD Funworld, the TRSTS data contains point- of-sale information from more than 21 large national and regional U.S. retailers and represents approximately 40% of the traditional U.S. toy market. The TRSTS data does not include any information from Wal-Mart, which is one of the largest toy retailers in the United States and was our largest customer in 2002 based on net sales. Despite the absence of information from Wal-Mart, we believe the TRSTS data is the best available source for toy industry product sales information.
Recommended publications
  • Vtech/Leapfrog Initial Submission
    Completed Acquisition by VTech Holdings Limited of LeapFrog Enterprises Inc. Initial Submission to the Competition and Markets Authority 11 October 2016 i ii Table of Contents Contents Page I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 2 I.1 No realistic counterfactual scenario, let alone the most likely one, is substantially more competitive than the post-Transaction outcome ..................................................................... 3 I.2 In any event, the Transaction fails to raise substantive issues even against a more typical counterfactual .......................................................................................................................... 4 I.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 9 II. THE PARTIES ....................................................................................................................... 10 II.1 VTech .................................................................................................................................... 10 II.2 LeapFrog ............................................................................................................................... 12 III. THE TRANSACTION ............................................................................................................ 14 III.1 Transaction structure ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Leapfrog Enterprises, Inc
    LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. David Chan Andrew Wishner +1 (203) 747-4788 +1 (978) 835-0454 SELL [email protected] [email protected] November 29, 2011 Please read the disclaimer at the end of this report for important information Even though LeapFrog has retuned more than 33% in the Vital Statistics past month, its current stock pricing is in a contrarian trend to the rest of the industry. Our Forecast: Overvalued by 15.75% Current Price: $5.00 (of 11/29/2011) Key Investment Considerations 52-Week Range: $2.57 - $6.50 LeapFrog’s current P/E ratio is close to double any of • Market Capitalization: $310.1 mm its industry peers, and its current stock price seems to be solely predicated on investors’ belief in the P/E Ratio: 26.53 unproven potential of the company’s new LeapPad EPS: 0.18 million product. • The company has only been profitable in 50% of the years since 1990, and given its severe losses in 2006, Exhibit 1: Company Revenue (in millions) 2007 and 2008, it will need to see explosive revenue 800 growth to earn back those losses. 600 400 • LeapFrog’s retained earnings has been declining 200 since 2005, and has been negative since 2006, 0 meaning that there is technically no equity value in 2008 2009 2010 2011E 2011E the company, apart from its assets and patents. 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E Source: Historical Data Capital IQ, Chaner Capital Estimates Contents 1.1 Company Overview 2.1 Model Drivers 3.1 Appendix 4.1 Disclaimer © 2011, David Chan and Andrew Wishner 1 1.1 Company Overview LeapFrog Enterprises (Public, NASDAQ: LF) is an educational entertainment toy company.
    [Show full text]
  • Leapfrog Enterprises, Inc. Securities Litigation 03-CV-05421-Exhibits 9-13
    EXHIBITS 9-13 Exhibit 9 United States I EMerrill Lynch FlashNote Education & Training Services 11 February 2004 Lauren R~chFine, CFA LeapFrog Enterprises First Vice President (1) 212 449-1179 LF Delivers on 44, Yet Questions Remain; NEUTIUL Sara Gubins Assistant vice president Announces Mgmt. Changes (1) 212 449-2943 Reason for Report: 44 & FY T)3 Results Volatility Risk: I HIGH LF; $30.40; C-2-9 GAAP EPS (Dec): 2002A 50.86; 2003A 51.20; 2004E $1.43 GAAP P/E(Dec): 2002A 35.3~;2003A 25.3~;2004E 21.3~ Event LeapFrog reported a solid Q4'03, with diluted EPS of $O.7Ush, up 43.6% YoY, beating our estimate by $0.04/sh, $O.Ol/sh below consensus, and within mgmt. guidance of $0.69- S0.76Ish. For the year, EPS grew 40.4% to $1.20/sh vs. $0.86/sh last year, beating our est. by c $0.03/sh, $O.Ol/sh below consensus, and within mgrnt. guidance of $1.17-$1.25/sh. LF issued 2004 guidance, projecting 18-25% rev. growth, 21-31% net income growth and 16-26% EPS growth. In a separate release, LF announced that founder and CEO Michael Wood is stepping down as CEO and t3kng on the role of Chief Vision & Creative Officer. Tom Kalinske, LF's chairman of the board, will resume his role as CEO,Jerry Perez will join LF as president, & director Steve Fink will become chairman of the board. Conference call at 9am ET on Zll. Analysis 44 revenue grew 33.4% YoY to $331.4MM, near the high end of mgmt.'s guided range of $3 16-$334MM, and $1 SMM higher than our estimate.
    [Show full text]
  • Leapfrog Enterprises, Inc. Securities Litigation 03-CV-05421-Amended
    Case 5:03-cv-05421-RMW Document 191 Filed 01/27/2006 Page 1 of 151 1 Joseph J. Tabacco, Jr. (75484) Christopher T. Heffelfinger (118058) 2 Nicole Lavallee (165755) Julie J. Bai (227047) 3 BERMAN DEVALERIO PEASE TABACCO BURT & PUCILLO 4 425 California Street, Suite 2100 San Francisco, CA 94104-2205 5 Telephone: (415) 433-3200 Facsimile: (415) 433-6382 6 Email: [email protected] Liaison Counsel for the Class 7 Steven J. Toll (admitted pro hac vice) Elizabeth Berney (admitted pro hac vice) Matthew K. Handley (admitted pro hac vice) 8 COHEN, MILSTEIN, HAUSFELD & TOLL, P.L.L.C 9 1100 New York Avenue, N.W. West Tower, Suite 500 10 Washington, D.C. 20005 Telephone: (202) 408-4600 11 Facsimile: (202) 408-4699 Email: [email protected] 12 Lead Counsel for the Class 13 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 14 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 15 ) In re LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC. ) CIVIL ACTION NO. C-03-05421-RMW 16 SECURITIES LITIGATION ) ) 17 ) AMENDED CONSOLIDATED CLASS This Document Relates To: ) ACTION COMPLAINT FOR 18 ) VIOLATIONS OF FEDERAL All Actions ) SECURITIES LAWS 19 ) ) DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 [C-03-05421-RMW] AMENDED CONSOLIDATED CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT FOR VIOLATIONS OF FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS Case 5:03-cv-05421-RMW Document 191 Filed 01/27/2006 Page 2 of 151 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 3 JURISDICTION AND VENUE ....................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Pennsylvania's Investments
    刀 攀瀀 漀 爀琀 漀 昀 䄀 挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 倀甀 爀猀甀 愀渀 琀 䄀 挀琀 㐀㐀 漀 昀 ㈀ ㄀ 䄀 渀 渀 甀 愀氀 刀 攀瀀 漀 爀琀 匀攀瀀琀攀洀 戀攀爀 ㌀ Ⰰ ㈀ ㄀㔀 倀甀 爀 倀甀 爀 Annual Report of Activities Pursuant to Act 44 of 2010 September 30, 2015 September 30, 2015 The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has enacted legislation (Act 44 of 2010) requiring public funds to divest from companies doing business in Iran and/or Sudan that meet certain thresholds of activity. Additionally, Act 44 prohibits Pennsylvania’s public funds from purchasing securities of a company once it appears on scrutinized business activities lists, regardless of whether the funds already have direct holdings in such company. Act 44 requires that the public funds each year assemble and provide a report to the Governor, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and each member of the boards of the Pennsylvania Municipal Retirement System, the State Employees’ Retirement System, and the Public School Employees’ Retirement System. Accordingly, we have prepared this report on the activities our funds have undertaken to comply with the requirements of Act 44 during the period July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015. This report includes: • The most recent scrutinized companies lists (Sudan and Iran). • A summary of correspondence with scrutinized companies. • All investments sold, redeemed, divested or withdrawn in compliance with Act 44, the costs and expenses of such transfers, and a determination of net gain or loss associated with such transactions executed in compliance with the Act. • A list of publicly traded securities held by the public funds.
    [Show full text]
  • Toys and Games - World
    Toys and Games - World Euromonitor International : Global Market Insight April 2009 Toys and games World List of Contents and Tables Executive Briefing................................................................................................................................................... 1 State of the Market.................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chart 1 Global Presentation Slide 1 ............................................................................................... 1 Chart 2 Global Presentation Slide 2 ............................................................................................... 1 Chart 3 Global Presentation Slide 3 ............................................................................................... 2 Chart 4 Global Presentation Slide 4 ............................................................................................... 3 Chart 5 Global Presentation Slide 5 ............................................................................................... 4 Chart 6 Global Presentation Slide 6 ............................................................................................... 5 Chart 7 Global Presentation Slide 7 ............................................................................................... 6 Chart 8 Global Presentation Slide 8 ............................................................................................... 7 Chart 9 Global Presentation
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility of the Nintendo Ds for Teaching Problem-Based Learning in Kindergarten Through Twelfth Grade Students
    FEASIBILITY OF THE NINTENDO DS FOR TEACHING PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN KINDERGARTEN THROUGH TWELFTH GRADE STUDENTS _______________________________________ A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science _____________________________________________________ by MICHAEL LIPINSKI Dr. Otho Plummer, Thesis Supervisor August 2008 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled Feasibility of the Nintendo DS for Teaching Problem-Based Learning in Kindergarten through Twelfth Grade Students presented by Michael Lipinski, a candidate for the degree of Masters of Science, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor Otho Plummer Professor William Harrison Professor Michael Hosokawa Acknowledgements First off I would like to thank my loving family for all their support over the years. If it was not for them and their sacrifices I would not be writing this page today. I would also like to thank my close friends (anyone who could be considered part of the “Como crew”), my family away from my family. They helped me laugh through the sad times, supported me through the tough times, and entertain me through the boring times. They were always willing to lend a hand and an ear and I love them all dearly for it. That goes double for my best friend and partner in crime, Mike Torpea. I would also like to thank my first advisor, my boss, and my friend Dr. Ali Hussam. I would not have even been in graduate school if not for his “gentle” pushing and the job he gave me to help pay for it.
    [Show full text]
  • (AVL) Ditest Fahrzeugdiagnose Gmbh 4621 @Pos.Com 3765 01Db‐Stell 3151 0XF8 Limited 10737 103Mm Tech 8168 1064138 Ontario Ltd
    Vendor ID Company (Decimal Format) (AVL) DiTEST Fahrzeugdiagnose GmbH 4621 @pos.com 3765 01dB‐Stell 3151 0XF8 Limited 10737 103mm Tech 8168 1064138 Ontario Ltd. O/A UNI‐TEC ELECTRONICS 8219 11 WAVE TECHNOLOGY, INC. 4375 1417188 Ontario Ltd. 4835 1C Company 5288 1MORE INC. 12048 2D Debus & Diebold Messsysteme GmbH 8539 2L international B.V. 4048 2N TELEKOMUNIKACE a.s. 7303 2‐Tel B.V. 2110 2WCOM GmbH 7343 2Wire, Inc 2248 360 Electrical, LLC 12686 360 Service Agency GmbH 12930 360fly, Inc. 11161 3Brain GmbH 9818 3C TEK CORP. 9397 3Cam Technology, Inc 1928 3Com Corporation 1286 3D CONNEXION SAM 9583 3D Imaging & Simulations Corp. (3DISC) 11190 3D INNOVATIONS, LLC 7907 3D Robotics Inc. 9900 3D Systems Corporation 10632 3D Technologies Ltd 12655 3DM Devices Inc 2982 3DRUDDER 11770 3DSP 7513 3DV Systems Ltd. 6963 3eYamaichi Electronics Co., Ltd. 8709 3i Corporation 9806 3i techs Development Corp 4263 3layer Engineering 7123 3M Canada 2200 3M CMD (Communication Markets Division) 7723 3M Cogent, Inc. 7717 3M Germany 2597 3M Home Health Systems 2166 3M Library Systems 3372 3M Scott 8463 3Pea Technologies, Inc. 3637 3Shape A/S 6303 3T B.V. 11721 4G Systems GmbH 6485 4iiii Innovations Inc. 10009 4Links Limited 10728 4MOD Technology 10244 64seconds, Inc. 12215 77 Elektronika Kft. 11175 8086 Consultancy 12657 89 North, Inc. 12070 8D TECHNOLOGIES INC. 8845 8devices 9599 90meter Solutions, Inc. 12086 A & G Souzioni Digitali 4757 A & R Cambridge Ltd. 9668 A C S Co., Ltd. 9454 A Global Partner Corporation 3689 A W Electronics, Inc. 2266 A&D Company, Limited 3516 A&E Office Machines Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Company Vendor ID
    Vendor ID Company (Decimal Format) (AVL) DiTEST Fahrzeugdiagnose GmbH 4621 @pos.com 3765 01dB‐Stell 3151 0XF8 Limited 10737 103mm Tech 8168 1064138 Ontario Ltd. O/A UNI‐TEC ELECTRONICS 8219 11 WAVE TECHNOLOGY, INC. 4375 1417188 Ontario Ltd. 4835 1C Company 5288 1MORE INC. 12048 2D Debus & Diebold Messsysteme GmbH 8539 2L international B.V. 4048 2N TELEKOMUNIKACE a.s. 7303 2‐Tel B.V. 2110 2WCOM GmbH 7343 2Wire, Inc 2248 360 Electrical, LLC 12686 360fly, Inc. 11161 3Brain GmbH 9818 3C TEK CORP. 9397 3Cam Technology, Inc 1928 3Com Corporation 1286 3D CONNEXION SAM 9583 3D Imaging & Simulations Corp. (3DISC) 11190 3D INNOVATIONS, LLC 7907 3D Robotics Inc. 9900 3D Systems Corporation 10632 3D Technologies Ltd 12655 3DM Devices Inc 2982 3DRUDDER 11770 3DSP 7513 3DV Systems Ltd. 6963 3eYamaichi Electronics Co., Ltd. 8709 3i Corporation 9806 3i techs Development Corp 4263 3layer Engineering 7123 3M Canada 2200 3M CMD (Communication Markets Division) 7723 3M Cogent, Inc. 7717 3M Germany 2597 3M Home Health Systems 2166 3M Library Systems 3372 3M Scott 8463 3M Touch Systems 1430 3Pea Technologies, Inc. 3637 3Shape A/S 6303 3T B.V. 11721 4G Systems GmbH 6485 4iiii Innovations Inc. 10009 4Links Limited 10728 4MOD Technology 10244 64seconds, Inc. 12215 77 Elektronika Kft. 11175 8086 Consultancy 12657 89 North, Inc. 12070 8BITDO TECHNOLOGY HK LIMITED 11720 8D TECHNOLOGIES INC. 8845 8devices 9599 90meter Solutions, Inc. 12086 A & G Souzioni Digitali 4757 A & R Cambridge Ltd. 9668 A C S Co., Ltd. 9454 A Global Partner Corporation 3689 A W Electronics, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Division of Trading and Markets Staff DATE
    TO: File S7-19-07 FROM: Division of Trading and Markets Staff DATE: November 19, 2007 RE: Proposed Amendments to Regulation SHO On November 16, 2007, staff of the Division of Trading and Markets met with representatives of Overstock.com to discuss Overstock.com’s comment letters submitted for File S7-19-07. AGENDA Meeting with SEC on November 16, 2007 1. September 10 comment letter on proposed elimination of the Options Market Maker Exception (http://www.sec.gov/comments/s7‐19‐07/s71907‐130.pdf) o G: Grandfather Clause eliminated. o O: Options Market Maker Exception should be eliminated, not narrowed. o L: Short sellers should be required to get a firm locate before shorting. The technology exists to ensure unique locates in a fast, liquid market. o D: Fails should be disclosed promptly and completely, just like short interest data. 2. October 1 comment letter on proposed elimination of the Options Market Maker Exception (http://www.sec.gov/comments/s7‐19‐07/s71907‐303.pdf) o Liquidity is important, but not if it results in fraud. A market must have scarcity if there is to be meaningful price discovery. o The Options Market Maker Exception is regularly abused in Threshold companies. In Overstock, fraudulent married puts executed, in part, on the Chicago Stock Exchange are a vehicle for creating stock when none is available to borrow. Dishonest market participants have been claiming a market making exception in OTC equity derivatives (e.g., FLEX options) in order to naked short OSTK. Overstock is not alone; at least 16 other Threshold companies have the same trading patterns.
    [Show full text]