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Solid Waste Segregation and Recycling in Metro Manila: Household Attitudes and Behavior

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Solid Waste Segregation and Recycling in Metro Manila: Household Attitudes and Behavior RESEARCH REPORT NO. 2002-RR3 Solid Waste Sereatiori arid Recycling in Iietro Ilanula: Household Attitudes and Behavior Ma. Eugenia C. Bennagen, Georgina Nepomucenoand Ramii Covar Resources, Environment & Economics Center for Studies (REECS), Suite 405, The Tower at Emerald Square, J.P. Rizal cor. R Ruazon Sts., Project4, QuezonCity 1109, Philippines ([email protected]) This reportinvestigates theways in which households in Manila deal with theirsolid wastes,particularly the factors that affect theirwillingness to separateand recycle. Householdsurveys reveal that householdsare generallywilling to recycle but are limited by lack of backyardsto make useof compost anddiscouraged by a municipal garbagecollection system that is not set up to accept segregatedwastes. ARCHIV 118095 RESEARCH REPORT NO, 2002-RR3 Solid Waste Segregation and Recycling in Metro Manila: Household Attitudes and Behavior Ma. Eugenia C. Bennagen, Georgina Nepomucenoand Ramil Covar Resources, Environment & Economics Centerfor Studies (REECS), Suite 405,The Tower at Emerald Square, J.P. Rizal cor. P. Ruazon Sts., Project4, Quezon City 1109, Philippines Published by the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) Tanglin P0 Box 101, Singapore 912404 (www.eepsea.org) tel: +65-6831-6854, fax: +65-6235-1849, email: [email protected] EEPSEAResearch Reports are the outputsof researchprojects supported by the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia. All have been peer reviewedand edited. In some cases, longer versions may be obtained from the author(s). The key findings of most EEPSEAResearch Reports are condensed into EEPSEA Policy Briefi, available upon request, The Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia also publishes EEPSEASpecial Papers, commissionedworks with an emphasison researchmethodology. NationalLibrary of Canada cataloguing in publicationdata Bennagen, Ma. Eugenia C. (Maria Eugenia C.) Solid waste segregationand recyclingin metro Manila:household attitudes and behavior (EEPSEAResearch Reports, ISSN 1608-5434 ; 2002-RR3) Co-published by the International Development ResearchCentre. ISBN0-88936-983-6 1. Integrated solid waste management— Phiiippines — Manila— Publicopinion. 2. Recycling (Waste, etc.) —Philippines— Manila— Publicopinion. 3. Waste minimization — Philippines — Manila— Publicopinion I. Nepomuceno, Georgina. II. Covar, Ramil. III. Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia. IV. International Development ResearchCentre (Canada) V. Title. VI. Series. TD789.P55B40 2002 363.72'85'09599 C2002-9801 31-1 The views expressed in this publication are thoseof the author(s) and do not necessarilyrepresent thoseof the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia or its sponsors. Unlessotherwise stated, copyright for material in this reportis held by the author(s). Mentionof a proprietary name does not constitute endorsement of the productand isgiven only for information. This publication may be consulted online atwww.eepsea.org. Solid Waste Segregation and Recycling in Metro Manila: Household Attitudes and Behavior Ma. Eugenia C. Bennagen, GeorginaNepomuceno and Ramil Covar June, 2002 Comments should be sent to: Ma. Eugenia C. Bennagen, Resources, Environment & Economics Center for Studies (REECS), Suite 405, The Tower at Emerald Square, J.P. Rizal cor. P. Ruazon Sts., Project 4, Quezon City 1109, Philippines Email: [email protected]; [email protected] EEPSEA was established in May 1993 to support research and trainingin environmental and resource economics. Its objective is to enhance local capacity to undertake the economic analysisof environmental problems and policies. It uses anetworking approach, involving courses, meetings, technicalsupport, access to literature and opportunities forcomparative research. Member countries are Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, China, Papua New Guinea and Sri Lanka. EEPSEA is supportedby the International Development Research Centre (IDRC); the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DANIDA); the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida); the Canadian International DevelopmentAgency (CIDA); and the MacArthur Foundation. EEPSEA is supported by a consortium of donors and administered by IDRC. Tanglin P0 Box 101, Singapore 912404 Visiting address: 7th Storey RELC Building, 30 Orange Grove Road Tel: 65 6831 6854, Fax: 65 6235 1849, email: [email protected] Website: //www.eepsea.org EEPSEA publications are produced by Corpcom Services Sdn. Bhd. in association with the Montfort Boys Town, Malaysia. This program provides vocational training to boys from low-income families and home-based work to mothers. EEPSEA publications are also available online at http://www.eepsea.org. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This studywas made possiblethrough a researchgrant from EEPSEA to the EEPSEA to the Resources, Environment and Economics Center for Studies, Inc. (REECS). The authors acknowledge with great appreciation the guidance and support throughout the project of Dr. David James, EEPSEA resource person, and the valuable inputs and comments to the variousdrafts ofthe reportof the following persons: Mr. Jose LogartaJr., Dr. Aleta Domdom, Dr. G. Bautista, Dr. David Glover, Dr. Hermi Francisco, and Dr. L Viloria. Many thanks also go to Mr. Salvador Passe and Ms. HelenAgacer for providing accessto valuable information and reports. Thevaluable research assistance ofMr. Vincent Altezand the assistance ofthe enumerators in the conduct of the householdsurvey are highly appreciated. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Solid Waste Management 4 3.0 Methods 6 3.1 Conceptual Framework 6 3.2 Samplingand Data Collection 7 3.2.1 Household Survey and SecondaryData Sources 7 3.2.2 Quantity of Household Wastes 8 3.2.3 Waste Segregation and Resource Recovery ñ Econometric Analysis 9 3.2.4 Economic Benefits of ResourceRecovery 10 3.3 Limitations 11 4.0 Results And Discussion 11 4.1 Socio-economic and Waste Management Profiles of Study Sites 11 4.1.1 BarangaySun Valley, Paranaque City 11 4.1.2 BarangayBarangka, Mandaluyong City 14 4.2 Waste Generation and ResourceRecovery 16 4.2.1 Wastes Generated, Recovered, Burned and Disposed 16 4.2.2 Wastes Recovered by Material 18 4.2.3 Implications of LGU Waste Management Programs 18 4.2.4 Implications of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Profiling 22 4.3 WasteSegregation and Resource Recovery 23 4.3.1 Socio-economic and Waste Management-related Characteristics 23 4.3.2 Attitudes and Behavior to Waste Management 24 4.3.3 Determinants of Waste Segregation and Composting 28 4.3.4 Implications of LGU WasteManagement Programs 33 4.4 WasteCollection 34 4.4.1 The Role of ActiveCommunity Participation inAnnex 41 Subdivision, BarangaySun Valley,Paranaque City 34 4.4.2 The Role of the Informal Market in MarimarVillage, Barangay Sun Valley, Paranaque City 35 4.4.3 The Role of Local Government Leadership in BarangayBarangka Itaas 36 4.4.4 Implications of the Collection of Household Garbage Fees 36 5.0 Benefits From Resource Recovery 37 6.0 Conclusion And Recommendations 40 References 43 APPENDICES Appendix 1 - Notes on Materials BalanceModels for Domestic WasteManagement 45 Appendix 2 - Waste Flow in Paranaque City, Metro Manila 47 Appendix 3 - Characteristics ofTypes of Wastes 48 Appendix 4 - Acronymsand Glossary 49 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. UrbanMunicipal SolidWaste (MSW) Generation in SelectedAsian Countries, 1995 2 Table 2. Per Capita Estimates of WasteGeneration in Selected Cities!Municipalities, Philippines 3 Table 3. Household Socio-economic and Waste Management Profile in Study Sites 14 Table 4a. Amount of Wastes Generatedin BarangaySun Valley, Paranaque 16 Table 4b. Amount of Wastes Generatedin BarangayBarangka, Mandaluyong 17 Table 5a. Waste Recoveryby Material in Parafiaque, Metro Manila 20 Table 5b. Waste Recoveryby Material in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 21 Table6. Socio-economic and WasteManagement Profile of Study Sites 23 Table7. Household Attitudes and Behaviorto WasteManagement in Barangay Sun Valley and BarangayBarangka 26 Table 8. Definition and ExpectedSign of Explanatory Variables 29 Table9. Coefficient Estimates ofProbit Regression for WasteSegregation and Composting 31 Table 10. Marginal Effectsof SignificantVariables of Probit Regression for WasteSegregation and Composting 32 Table 11. Schedule for Collection of Types of Wastes 34 Table 12. Estimates of Economic Savingsfrom Waste Diversion UsingBenefit Transfer, MetroManila, 1999 39 LIST OF FIGURES Figure la. Sources of SolidWastes, Metro Manila, 1992 3 Figure lb. Composition of Household Wastes, Metro Manila, 1992 3 SOLID WASTE SEGREGATION AND RECYCLING IN METRO MANILA: HOUSEHOLD ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR Ma. Eugenia C. Bennagen, Georgina Nepomuceno and Ramil Covar EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This studyexamines household waste management systems and the attitudes and behavior of selected middle-income communities in two haran gays' in Metro Manila. The factors that influence householdwaste segregation and composting are examined using descriptive statistics and regression analysis of primary survey data. The study identifies some household attitudes and behavior with regard to waste management that are important in designing community-based waste management programs, especially in the light of the country's new law on ecological solid waste management. The study also demonstrates the potential economic benefits from the adoption of resourcerecovery practices at the householdlevel. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Solid waste generation is an inevitable consequence
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