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Terminologia Anatomica [TA], Desde 1998) Y Sus Adaptaciones / Traducciones a Distintas Lenguas (SAE) LALA TERMINOLOGÍATERMINOLOGÍA ANATÓMICAANATÓMICA ENEN ESPAÑOL,ESPAÑOL, INGLÉSINGLÉS YY FRANCÉSFRANCÉS ElenaElena EcheverríaEcheverría PeredaPereda IsabelIsabel JiménezJiménez GutiérrezGutiérrez Universidad de Málaga Dpto. Traducción e Interpretación MálagaMálaga -- 20092009 1 1.1. TerminologíaTerminología yy traduccióntraducción dede textostextos biosanitariosbiosanitarios ¾ El papel de los especialistas en la traducción de textos biosanitarios: léxico propio y exclusivo (críptico). ¾ Desarrollo reciente de las disciplinas biosanitarias: z Importancia de la traducción. z Incorporación progresiva de profesionales titulados en traducción. ¾ Campo de trabajo muy amplio → dificultades para la especialización. ¾ Adquisición del conocimiento especializado: z Especialistas biosanitarios: formación, carrera profesional. z Traductor: inmediata. ¾ Importancia de la terminología especializada como vehículo de transmisión del conocimiento especializado: z Adquisición de conocimientos. z Transmisión de conocimientos. z Comunicación especializada. ¾ Traductor = usuario de la terminología especializada. 2 2.2. InvestigaciónInvestigación enen terminologíaterminología anatómica:anatómica: estadoestado dede lala cuestióncuestión ¾ I Seminario Internacional de Traducción e Interpretación en el Ámbito Biosanitario (Universidad de Málaga, 1998). 1. Importancia de la terminología especializada en la traducción de textos biosanitarios. Términos = vehículos de transmisión del conocimiento especializado. 2. Función de las obras de referencia de tipo terminológico. 3. Carencias de las obras de referencia en el ámbito biosanitario: • En términos absolutos, limitación en el número de vocablos recopilados. • En términos relativos, excesivo número de vocablos dedicados a veterinaria, física, química, biología, biografías de científicos, análisis de raíces grecolatinas, nombres comerciales de preparados químicos, etc. • Carencia de sistematización. • Errores terminológicos y conceptuales. 3 4 2.2. InvestigaciónInvestigación enen terminologíaterminología anatómica:anatómica: estadoestado dede lala cuestióncuestión ¾ AnálisisAnálisis 1. Definición.Definición. 2. EquivalentesEquivalentes dede laslas subentradassubentradas:: «dedo«dedo dede araña»,araña», «dedo«dedo dede beisbolista»,beisbolista», «dedo«dedo dede BrodieBrodie»,», «céreo»,«céreo», «dedo«dedo dede foca»,foca», «dedo«dedo enen gatillo»,gatillo», etc.etc. 3. ConceptosConceptos nono relacionadosrelacionados directamentedirectamente concon laslas disciplinasdisciplinas biosanitariasbiosanitarias aplicadasaplicadas alal serser humano:humano: «dedo«dedo raído»raído» (caballos).(caballos). ¾ ConclusiónConclusión:: gradogrado dede fiabilidadfiabilidad variable.variable. 5 2.2. InvestigaciónInvestigación enen terminologíaterminología anatómica:anatómica: estadoestado dede lala cuestióncuestión ¾ Importancia de la anatomía humana: disciplina fundamental en el estudio de las especialidades biosanitarias. ¾ Escaso número de trabajos de investigación cuyo corpus terminológico gire en torno a la anatomía. z Motivo: impresión generalizada de que se trata en un ámbito bien estructurado y que presenta un alto índice de normalización. ¾ Tratamiento poco riguroso de la terminología anatómica en las obras de referencia terminológicas. 6 2.2. InvestigaciónInvestigación enen terminologíaterminología anatómica:anatómica: estadoestado dede lala cuestióncuestión ¾ Importancia las compilaciones terminológicas normalizadas: univocidad completa en la comunicación, expresada en 2 principios: a) A cada concepto le debería corresponder una sola denominación (término), de la misma forma que una denominación debería designar únicamente a un concepto. b) A un término en una lengua A le debería corresponder un único término en otra lengua B. ¾ Obstáculos: sinonimia, homonimia, polisemia y eponimia. 7 2.2. InvestigaciónInvestigación enen terminologíaterminología anatómica:anatómica: estadoestado dede lala cuestióncuestión ¾ La Nomina Anatomica [NA] internacional (Terminologia Anatomica [TA], desde 1998) y sus adaptaciones / traducciones a distintas lenguas (SAE). z Alto índice de normalización. z Univocidad, precisión, concisión y universalidad. VS. ¾ Falta de univocidad entre las nomenclaturas nacionales y la Nomina Anatomica [NA] internacional (sinónimos, epónimos). 8 2.2. InvestigaciónInvestigación enen terminologíaterminología anatómica:anatómica: estadoestado dede lala cuestióncuestión ¾ Nuevos campos de investigación: Acercamiento a la terminología anatómica en español, inglés y francés: problemas de normalización y sus implicaciones para la traducción de textos biosanitarios. ¾ Objetivos:: 1. Elaboración de un banco de datos terminológicos plurilingüe: z Idiomas: español, inglés, francés, NA. z Corpus terminológico: 3.142 términos seleccionados de los 5.640 de la NA. 2. Análisis de la terminología anatómica. 9 3.3. MetodologíaMetodología 1. SelecciónSelección dede unun corpuscorpus terminológicoterminológico representativo:representativo: 3.1423.142 términos.términos. 2. SelecciónSelección dede laslas lenguaslenguas dede trabajo:trabajo: NA,NA, español,español, inglés,inglés, francés.francés. 3. FundamentosFundamentos teóricos:teóricos: TGTTGT yy TCT.TCT. 4. AnálisisAnálisis dede 500500 unidadesunidades terminológicasterminológicas (simples(simples yy complejas)complejas) queque representanrepresentan casoscasos dede variaciónvariación terminológicaterminológica enen variosvarios sentidos.sentidos. 10 3.3. MetodologíaMetodología Casos de variación y de falta de sistematización: a) Variaciones en la correspondencia entre algunos de los términos de la Nomina Anatomica [NA] internacional y sus respectivos equivalentes en español, inglés y francés. b) Casos de sinonimia en las tres lenguas de trabajo entre algunos pares de términos relacionados con la descripción y la ubicación de estructuras anatómicas con respecto a los planos en los que se divide el cuerpo humano. c) Variaciones en la correspondencia entre las categorías gramaticales de los términos en las tres lenguas de trabajo. d) Variaciones en la correspondencia entre unidades terminológicas complejas que incluyen elementos de numeración en las tres lenguas de trabajo. e) Presencia y tratamiento de las formas de la Nomina Anatomica [NA] en español, inglés y francés. 11 4.4. AnálisisAnálisis dede loslos casoscasos dede variaciónvariación terminológicaterminológica 1. Variaciones en la correspondencia entre algunos de los términos de la Nomina Anatomica [NA] internacional y sus respectivos equivalentes en español, inglés y francés Simples: pes [NA], pie, foot, pied Tipos de Complejas : apertura piriformis [NA] unidades abertura piriforme terminológicas piriform aperture ouverture piriforme ¾ Unidades terminológicas simples: univocidad completa entre equivalentes. ¾ Unidades terminológicas complejas: variación denominativa del núcleo. 12 4.4. AnálisisAnálisis dede loslos casoscasos dede variaciónvariación terminológicaterminológica Nomenclatura anatómica española 1. apertura piriformis [NA]= abertura piriforme 2. apertura sinus frontalis [NA] = orificio del seno frontal 3. apertura sinus sphenoidalis [NA] = orificio del seno esfenoidal 4. apertura pelvis superior [NA] = estrecho superior 5. apertura pelvis inferior [NA]= estrecho inferior Nomenclatura anatómica anglosajona 1. apertura piriformis [NA] = piriform aperture 2. apertura sinus frontalis [NA] = opening of frontal sinus 3. apertura sinus sphenoidalis [NA] = opening of sphenoidal sinus 4. apertura pelvis superior [NA] = pelvic inlet 5. apertura pelvis inferior [NA] = pelvic outlet Nomenclatura anatómica francesa 1. apertura piriformis [NA] = ouverture piriforme 2. apertura sinus frontalis [NA] = orifice du sinus frontal 3. apertura sinus sphenoidalis [NA] = orifice d'entrée du sinus sphénoïdal 4. apertura pelvis superior [NA] = détroit supérieur 5. apertura pelvis inferior [NA] = détroit inférieur 13 4.4. AnálisisAnálisis dede loslos casoscasos dede variaciónvariación terminológicaterminológica Nomina Anatomica Español Inglés Francés [NA] apertura abertura → aperture → ouverture estrecho → inlet / outlet → détroit orificio → opening → orifice arcus arco arch arc arcade arcade crosse canalis agujero canal canal canal tunnel conducto corpus cuerpo body corps tubérculo corpus ligament shaft ductus conducto duct canal ductus conduit papille veine 14 4.4. AnálisisAnálisis dede loslos casoscasos dede variaciónvariación terminológicaterminológica Nomina Anatomica Español Inglés Francés [NA] foramen agujero foramen échancrure orificio opening foramen hiatus orifice trou fosa fossa creux fossa fossa fosse fossette fovea fosa facet facette fosita fossa fossette fovea fovea incisura cisura incisure échancrure escotadura notch incisure incisura 15 4.4. AnálisisAnálisis dede loslos casoscasos dede variaciónvariación terminológicaterminológica Nomina Anatomica Español Inglés Francés [NA] conducto meatus conduit meatus meato opening méat nodus nódulo node ganglion nœud processus apéndice → → appendice apófisis process apophyse proceso crochet processus tubercule ramus rama branch branche ramo ramus rameau 16 4.4. AnálisisAnálisis dede loslos casoscasos dede variaciónvariación terminológicaterminológica Nomina Anatomica Español Inglés Francés [NA] sulcus canal groove gouttière surco sulcus sillon fosa tuberculum espina → → épine tubérculo tubercle tubercule ¾ ObstáculoObstáculo parapara lograrlograr lala univocidadunivocidad yy dificultaddificultad añadidaañadida parapara lala traduccióntraducción especializada.especializada.
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