Dossier – Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfass)
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Safety Assessment of Polyfluorinated Polymers As Used in Cosmetics
Safety Assessment of Polyfluorinated Polymers as Used in Cosmetics Status: Tentative Report for Public Comment Release Date: June 13, 2018 Panel Date: September 24-25, 2018 All interested persons are provided 60 days from the above date to comment on this safety assessment and to identify additional published data that should be included or provide unpublished data which can be made public and included. Information may be submitted without identifying the source or the trade name of the cosmetic product containing the ingredient. All unpublished data submitted to CIR will be discussed in open meetings, will be available at the CIR office for review by any interested party and may be cited in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Please submit data, comments, or requests to the CIR Executive Director, Dr. Bart Heldreth. The 2018 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This report was prepared by Wilbur Johnson, Jr., M.S., Senior Scientific Analyst and Jinqiu Zhu, Ph.D., Toxicologist. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L STREET, NW, SUITE 1200 ◊ WASHINGTON, DC 20036-4702 ◊ PH 202.331.0651 ◊ FAX 202.331.0088 ◊ [email protected] ABSTRACT: The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of polyfluorinated polymers in cosmetic products, and most of these ingredients have the film former function in common. -
PFOA) and Suggested As PFCA Precursor Compounds (7, 8)
within a few days. Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) have been Formation of C7F15COOH (PFOA) and suggested as PFCA precursor compounds (7, 8). FTOHs are linear fluorinated alcohols with the formula CnF2n+1CH2CH2- Other Perfluorocarboxylic Acids OH (n ) 2, 4, 6, ...). The telomerization process results in during the Atmospheric Oxidation of even-numbered linear chains, and the alcohols are named according to the number of fluorinated and hydrogenated 8:2 Fluorotelomer Alcohol carbons, e.g., C8F17CH2CH2OH is 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2 FTOH). Global production of FTOHs is 12 106 kg year-1, × T . J . W A L L I N G T O N , * , † M . D . H U R L E Y , † and sales are approximately $700 million annually (9). J . X I A , ‡ D . J . W U E B B L E S , ‡ S . S I L L M A N , § Fluorotelomer alcohols are volatile, have been observed in A . I T O , § J . E . P E N N E R , § D . A . E L L I S , | the North American atmosphere in significant concentrations -3 J . M A R T I N , | S . A . M A B U R Y , | (17-135 pg m ) (10, 11), and have an atmospheric lifetime O . J . N I E L S E N , ⊥ A N D (10-20 days) sufficient for widespread hemispheric distribu- M . P . S U L B A E K A N D E R S E N ⊥ tion (7, 12). C8F17CH2CH2OH (8:2 FTOH) is the most important Ford Motor Company, SRL-3083, P.O. Box 2053, Dearborn, FTOH and is the subject of the present study. -
Miller-Stephenson Material Safety Data Sheet
miller-stephenson Material Safety Data Sheet 1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT/COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Name: MS-122XD Product Use: Release Agent or Dry Lubricant DPMS-Z0612A PTFE Release Agent/Dry Lubricant MANUFACTURER/DISTRIBUTOR: Emergency Phone Number: (800) 424-9300 Milier-Stephenson Chemical George Washington Highway Danbury, Conn. 06810 USA (203) 743-4447 Date Revised: May 2011 2. INGREDIENTS Material (s) CAS No. Approximate % 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane 811-97-2 80-90 2,3 Dihydroperfluoropentane (HFC-43-lOmee) 138495-42-8 9- 15 Poly-TFE, Omega-Hydro-Alpha-(Methylcyclohexyl)- 65530-85-0 1 -2 Poly-Tetrafluoroethylene 9002-84-0 <1 3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Milky, white, liquid with a faint ethereal odor, packaged in an aerosol container. Potential Health Effects 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane INHALATION: Misuse or intentional inhalation abuse may cause death without warning symptoms, due to cardiac effects. Other symptoms may include, anaethetic effects, light-headedness, dizziness, confusion, incoordination, drowsiness, or unconsciousness, irregular heartbeat with a strange sensation in the chest, heart thumping, apprehension, feeling of fainting and weakness. Vapors are heavier than air and can cause suffocation by reducing oxygen available for breathing. SKIN: Contact with hquid or refrigerated gas can cause cold bums and frostbite. May cause skin irritation with discomfort, itching, redness or swelling. EYE: Contact with liquid or refrigerated gas can cause cold bums and frostbite. May cause eye irritation with tearing, redness and discomfort. MS-122XD Page 2 of 7 2,3 Dihydroperfluoropentane (HrC-43-lOmee) INHALATION: Gross overexposure by inhalation may cause suffocation if air is displaced by vapors and central nervous system stimulation with increased activity or sleeplessness, tremors or convulsions. -
Biotransformation of AFFF Component 6:2 Fluorotelomer Thioether Amido
Biotransformation of AFFF Component 6:2 Fluorotelomer Thioether Amido Sulfonate Generates 6:2 Fluorotelomer Thioether Carboxylate under Sulfate-Reducing Conditions Shan Yi†, Katie C. Harding-Marjanovic‡, Erika F. Houtz§, Ying Gao∥, Jennifer E. Lawrence†, Rita V. Nichiporuk⊥, Anthony T. Iavarone⊥, Wei-Qin Zhuang#, Martin Hansen@, Jennifer A. Field∇, David L. Sedlak†, and Lisa Alvarez- Cohen*†● † Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States ‡ Exponent, Pasadena, California 91106, United States § Arcadis, San Francisco, California 94104, United States ∥ Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China ⊥ The California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States # Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand @ Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark ∇ Department of Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States ● Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States *Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 726 Davis Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710. Phone: (510) 643-5969. Fax: (510) 642-7483. E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract The fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aqueous film- forming foams (AFFFs) under anaerobic conditions has not been well characterized, leaving major gaps in our understanding of PFAS fate and transformation at contaminated sites. In this study, the biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer thioether amido sulfonate (6:2 FtTAoS), a component of several AFFF formulations, was investigated under sulfate-reducing conditions in microcosms inoculated with either pristine or AFFF-impacted solids. -
Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)
PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID 1. Exposure Data 1.1.2 Structural and molecular formulae, and relative molecular mass: straight-chain 1.1 Identification of the agent isomer 1.1.1 Nomenclature F FFF F F F O F Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No.: 335-67-1 OH Chem. Abstr. Serv. Name: Perfluorooctanoic FFF F F F F acid Molecular formula: C8HF15O2 IUPAC Name: 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8- Relative molecular mass: 414 pentadecafluorooctanoic acid Synonyms: PFOA; pentadecafluoro-1-octan - 1.1.3 Chemical and physical properties of the oic acid; pentadecafluoro-n-octanoic acid; pure substance: straight-chain isomer pentadecaflurooctanoic acid; perfluoro- caprylic acid; perfluoroctanoic acid; From HSDB (2014), unless otherwise perfluoroheptanecarboxylic acid; APFO; indicated ammonium perfluorooctanoate Description: White to off-white powder Isomers and Salts: There are 39 possible struc- Boiling point: 192.4 °C tural isomers of pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (1 with chain length 8, 5 with chain Melting point: 54.3 °C length 7, 13 with chain length 6, 16 with chain Density: 1.792 g/cm3 at 20 °C length 5, and 4 with chain length 4). These Solubility: 9.5 g/L in water at 25 °C isomers can also exist as the ammonium, Vapour pressure: 0.0023 kPa at 20 °C (extrap- sodium, or potassium salt (Nielsen, 2012). olated); 0.127 kPa at 59.25 °C (measured) Fig. 1.1 presents the few isomers and salts (ATSDR, 2009); 0.070 kPa at 25 °C that have Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Stability: When heated to decomposition it references. -
DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS of FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS
criteria for a recommended standard . occupational exposure to DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS of FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE criteria for a recommended standard... OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS of FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Center for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health September 1977 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-193 PREFACE The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 emphasizes the need for standards to protect the health and safety of workers exposed to an ever-increasing number of potential hazards at their workplace. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has projected a formal system of research, with priorities determined on the basis of specified indices, to provide relevant data from which valid criteria for effective standards can be derived. Recommended standards for occupational exposure, which are the result of this work, are based on the health effects of exposure. The Secretary of Labor will weigh these recommendations along with other considerations such as feasibility and means of implementation in developing regulatory standards. It is intended to present successive reports as research and epidemiologic studies are completed and as sampling and analytical methods are developed. Criteria and standards will be reviewed periodically to ensure continuing protection of the worker. I am pleased to acknowledge the contributions to this report on the decomposition products of fluorocarbon polymers by members of the NIOSH staff and the valuable constructive comments by the Review Consultants on the Decomposition Products of Fluorocarbon Polymers and by Robert B. -
In Vitro and in Vivo Estrogenic Effects of Fluorotelomer Alcohols in Medaka (Oryzias Latipes)
Interdisciplinary Studies on Environmental Chemistry—Biological Responses to Chemical Pollutants, Eds., Y. Murakami, K. Nakayama, S.-I. Kitamura, H. Iwata and S. Tanabe, pp. 291–301. © by TERRAPUB, 2008. In vitro and in vivo Estrogenic Effects of Fluorotelomer Alcohols in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Hiroshi ISHIBASHI1, Ryoko YAMAUCHI1, Munekazu MATSUOKA1, Joon-Woo KIM1, Masashi HIRANO1, Akemi YAMAGUCHI2, Nobuaki TOMINAGA2 and Koji ARIZONO1 1Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan 2Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Ariake National College of Technology, 150 Higashihagio-machi, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585, Japan (Received 15 May 2008; accepted 31 July 2008) Abstract—The present study demonstrates the estrogenic effects of two fluorotelomer alcohols, such as 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctan-1-ol (6:2 FTOH) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecan-1-ol (8:2 FTOH), in medaka (Oryzias latipes). An in vitro yeast two-hybrid assay indicated a significant, dose- dependent interaction between medaka estrogen receptor α (ERα) and coactivator TIF2 upon treatment with 6:2 FTOH or 8:2 FTOH. In contrast, no interaction with the ERα was observed upon treatment with perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDA) or perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA). Expression analysis of hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) protein showed estrogenic potentials with, 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOH, indicative of the induction of VTG synthesis in the livers of male medaka. We also investigated mRNA expression levels of two ER subtypes and two VTGs in the livers of male medaka following exposure to FTOHs. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that hepatic ERα, VTG I, and VTG II mRNA responded rapidly to FTOHs such as 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOH after 8-h exposure, whereas no effects of these compounds on ERβ mRNA transcription were observed. -
Semi-Volatile Fluorinated Organic Compounds in Asian and Pacific Northwestern US Air Masses
2 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Arkadiusz M. Piekarz for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry presented on March 28, 2007. Title: Semi-volatile Fluorinated Organic Compounds in Asian and Pacific Northwestern U.S. Air Masses. Abstract approved: Staci Simonich Current studies suggest that perfluorinated organic compounds, such as fluorotelomer alcohols (FtOHs) in the troposphere, may be precursors of perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorosulfonates in remote regions. Fluorinated organic compounds were investigated in archived extracts collected from remote locations in Okinawa, Japan (HSO) and Mount Bachelor, Oregon (MBO) during the springs of 2004 (MBO and HSO) and 2006 (MBO only). These high volume air samples were subjected to pressurized liquid extraction, concentrated, and analyzed by GC/MS. FtOHs were measured in both HSO and MBO air masses, though MBO had significantly higher concentrations. We identified fluorotelomer olefins (in HSO air) and 8:2 fluorotelomer acrylate (in MBO 2006 air) for the first time in published literature. N-Ethyl 3 perfluorooctane sulfonamide (N-EtFOSA), N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol (N-MeFOSE), and N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol (N-EtFOSE) were measured in HSO and MBO air masses, but detected less frequently than FtOHs. 6:2 fluorotelomer acrylate, perfluorooctane sulfonamido acrylates, perfluorobutane sulfonamide, and perfluorobutane sulfonamido ethanol were not detected in any air samples from this study. For MBO 2006, the sources of fluorotelomer alcohols were investigated using HYSPLIT back trajectories, residual fluorinated product signatures, and correlations with semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs). FtOH concentrations during MBO 2006 were not significantly correlated (p-value > 0.05) with the amount of time an air trajectory spent in a specific source region such as California, Washington, Oregon, and Canada. -
Potential PFOA Precursors
Potential PFOA Precursors Literature study and theoretical assessment of abiotic degradation pathways leading to PFOA. M-231/2014 Claus Jørgen Nielsen CTCC, Department of Chemistry University of Oslo This page is intentionally left blank Potential PFOA Precursors Literature study and theoretical assessment of abiotic degradation pathways leading to PFOA. Claus Jørgen Nielsen CTCC, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo This page is intentionally left blank 1 Preface The Norwegian Environment Agency, in cooperation with German Environment Authorities, is preparing a report proposing regulations on PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), its salts and precursors. PFOA (or its ammonium salt), is mainly used as a processing aid in the production of fluoropolymers; i.e. polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF). Other PFOA sources are fluorotelomers, which are not produced using PFOA, but which may contain low levels of PFOA. There are a number of products containing PFOA such as carpet care solutions, sealants, floor waxes, paints, impregnating agents, fire fighting foam, ski wax and surface coatings of carpets, textiles, paper and leather. PFOA is found in the environment and in people all over the world. PFOA is degraded very slowly in nature and is long-range transported to the Arctic. PFOA is listed as a priority pollutant covered by the national goal that emissions should be eliminated by 2020. The overall objective of the present project is to summarize relevant information available in the open literature to provide an overall assessment of relevant precursors including possible grouping, and to evaluate possible routes to provide documentation, where missing, on the potential of abiotic degradation resulting in PFOA The present report summarises a classification of potential PFOA precursors and outlines the transformation routes leading to PFOA. -
Tetrafluoroethylene
TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE Tetrafluoroethylene was reviewed previously by the Working Group in 1979, 1987, and 1998 (IARC, 1979, 1987, 1999). New data have since become available, and these have been incor- porated, and taken into consideration in the present evaluation. 1. Exposure Data 1.1.3 Chemical and physical properties of the pure substance 1.1 Identification of the agent From IFA (2014), unless otherwise indicated 1.1.1 Nomenclature Description: Colourless gas, odourless or sometimes described as having a faint Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No.: 116-14-3 sweetish odour; extremely flammable Chem. Abstr. Serv. Name: Tetrafluoroethylene Boiling point: −75.63 °C IUPAC Systematic Name: Melting point: −131.15 °C (HSDB, 2014) 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethene Density: 4216 kg/m3 at 15 °C at 1 bar Synonyms: Perfluoroethylene, Perfluoroethene, Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, 159 mg/L Ethylene tetrafluoro-, tetrafluoroethene at 25 °C (HSDB, 2014) Vapour pressure: 2947 kPa and 20 °C 1.1.2 Structural and molecular formulae, and Stability: Decomposes into fluorine and fluo- relative molecular mass rine compounds when heated (HSDB, 2014) Reactivity: A terpene inhibitor (limonene) is F F generally added to the monomer to prevent CC spontaneous polymerization. F F Risk of explosion in contact with air or in the absence of air at elevated temperatures and/or Molecular formula: C2F4 pressures (> 600 °C and 100 kPa). The stabilized Relative molecular mass: 100.01 monomer is flammable in air if ignited (flamma- bility limits: lower, 11%; upper, 60%) producing soot and carbon tetrafluoride Babenko( et al., 1993; HSDB, 2014). Incompatible with polymerization catalysts and peroxides. -
Freon™ 123 PUSH Bulletin
Freon™ 123 Refrigerant (R-123) Properties, Uses, Storage, and Handling Freon™ 123 Refrigerant Table of Contents Shipping, Storage, and Handling ......................................16 Shipping Containers in the United States ..............................16 Introduction ...........................................................................3 Bulk Storage Systems ..........................................................................16 Background .......................................................................................................... 3 Storage, Handling, and Use Recommendations .................16 Freon™ 123—An Environmentally Acceptable Prohibited Uses ...................................................................................16 Alternative ....................................................................................................... 3 Personal Protective Equipment ................................................17 Uses .......................................................................................3 Storage ......................................................................................................17 Refrigerant ...................................................................................................... 4 Handling ....................................................................................................17 Heat-Transfer Fluid ....................................................................................4 Charging, Maintenance, and Sampling .................................18 -
Teflon™ FEP Fluoropolymer Resins
Teflon™ FEP Fluoropolymer Resins Product and Properties Handbook Teflon™ FEP Fluoropolymer Resins Table of Contents Introduction . 3 Commercially Available Products . 3 Specifications . 3 General Properties of Teflon™ FEP . 3 Typical Properties of Teflon™ FEP . 3 Mechanical Properties . 3 Tensile Properties . 4 Flexural Modulus . 4 Compressive Stress . 5 Creep and Cold Flow . 5 Apparent Modulus of Elasticity . 5 Stress Relaxation . 5 Poisson’s Ratio . 9 Fatigue Resistance . 9 Impact Resistance . 9 Hardness . 10 Friction . 10 Thermal Properties . 10 Electrical Properties . 11. Chemical Resistance . 11 Absorption . 11 Permeability . 11 Weathering . 11 Cryogenic Service . .11 Mildew Resistance . 13 FDA Compliance . 13 Optical Properties . 13 Fabrication Techniques . 13 Forming and Fabrication . 14 Choose Correct Working Speeds . 14 Properly Shape and Use Tools . 14 Rules for Dimensioning and Finishing . 15 Closer Tolerances . 15 Measuring Tolerances . 15 Surface Finishes . 15 Safety Precautions . 15 2 Teflon™ FEP Fluoropolymer Resins Introduction Specifications Teflon™ FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene) is The ASTM material specification covering Teflon™ FEP chemically a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene fluoropolymer resin is D2116. Teflon™ FEP fluoropolymer and tetrafluoroethylene. It differs from PTFE resin is also called out in various industrial and military (polytetrafluoroethylene) resins, in that it is melt- specifications for tubing, molded parts, and film, as well as processible using conventional injection molding and numerous