The Forgotten Genocide
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A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today
Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today Ercan Karakoç Abstract After initiation of the glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) policies in the USSR by Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union started to crumble, and old, forgotten, suppressed problems especially regarding territorial claims between Azerbaijanis and Armenians reemerged. Although Mountainous (Nagorno) Karabakh is officially part of Azerbaijan Republic, after fierce and bloody clashes between Armenians and Azerbaijanis, the entire Nagorno Karabakh region and seven additional surrounding districts of Lachin, Kelbajar, Agdam, Jabrail, Fizuli, Khubadly and Zengilan, it means over 20 per cent of Azerbaijan, were occupied by Armenians, and because of serious war situations, many Azerbaijanis living in these areas had to migrate from their homeland to Azerbaijan and they have been living under miserable conditions since the early 1990s. Keywords: Karabakh, Caucasia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Russia and Soviet Union Assistant Professor of Modern Turkish History, Yıldız Technical University, [email protected] 1003 Karakoç, E. (2011). A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today. International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 8:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com/en Geçmişten günümüze Karabağ tarihi üzerine bir değerlendirme Ercan Karakoç Özet Mihail Gorbaçov tarafından başlatılan glasnost (açıklık) ve perestroyka (yeniden inşa) politikalarından sonra Sovyetler Birliği parçalanma sürecine girdi ve birlik coğrafyasındaki unutulmuş ve bastırılmış olan eski problemler, özellikle Azerbaycan Türkleri ve Ermeniler arasındaki sınır sorunları yeniden gün yüzüne çıktı. Bu bağlamda, hukuken Azerbaycan devletinin bir parçası olan Dağlık Karabağ bölgesi ve çevresindeki Laçin, Kelbecer, Cebrail, Agdam, Fizuli, Zengilan ve Kubatlı gibi yedi semt, yani yaklaşık olarak Azerbaycan‟ın yüzde yirmiye yakın toprağı, her iki toplum arasındaki şiddetli ve kanlı çarpışmalardan sonra Ermeniler tarafından işgal edildi. -
SHUSHA History, Culture, Arts
SHUSHA History, culture, arts Historical reference: Shusha - (this word means «glassy, transparent») town in the Azerbaijan Republic on the territory of Nagorny Karabakh. Shusha is 403 km away from Baku, it lies 1400 m above the sea levels, on Karabakh mountainous ridge. Shusha is mountainous-climatic recreation place. In 1977 was declared reservation of Azerbaijan architecture and history. Understanding that should Iranian troops and neighbor khans attack, Boy at fortress will not serve as an adequate shelter, Khan transferred his court to Shakhbulag. However, this fortress also could not protect against the enemies. That is why they had to build fortress in the mountains, in impassable, inaccessible place, so that even strong enemy would not be able to take it. The road to the fortress had to be opened from the one side for ilats from the mountains, also communication with magals should not be broken. Those close to Panakh Ali-khan advised to choose safer site for building of a new fortress. Today's Shusha located high in the mountains became that same place chosen by Panakh Ali- khan for his future residence. Construction of Shusha, its palaces and mosques was carried out under the supervision of great poet, diplomat and vizier of Karabakh khanate Molla Panakh Vagif. He chose places for construction of public and religious buildings (not only for Khan but also for feudal lords-»beys»). Thus, the plans for construction and laying out of Shusha were prepared. At the end of 1750 Panakh Ali-khan moved all reyats, noble families, clerks and some senior people from villages from Shakhbulag to Shusha. -
Great Return
Great Return 4 www.irs-az.com 48, SUMMER 2021 By Anar KARIMOV, Minister of Culture of the Republic of Azerbaijan Azerbaijani culture complete with the liberation of Karabakh The Khudaferin bridge is a masterpiece of medieval architecture of Azerbaijan. It was badly damaged during the years of Armenian occupation www.irs-az.com 5 Great Return Imaret is the palace of Panahali Khan of Karabakh in Aghdam. 18th century. During the occupation of Aghdam by the Armenians, it was used as a cattle corral significant part of the abundant historical and and the Caucasus troops commander of the Tsardom of cultural heritage created and cherished by the Russia, Gen. Pavel Tsitsianov. In 1822, the khanate was AAzerbaijani people for millennia, preserved to abolished. date and passed on from one generation to another, is It is worth mentioning that the Karabakh khan re- linked to Karabakh. This historical cradle of our nation tained his special status after the signing of the Kurak- has been known around the world for centuries for its chay treaty and it was further passed on to Mehdigulu ancient monuments and unmatched art. The extensive Khan Javanshir, a son of Ibrahim Khalil Khan. Mehdigulu history of Azerbaijan’s national culture has taken hold in Khan (died in 1845), who was granted the military rank this land. Culture, music (Mugham art), literature, as well of Major-General in accordance with an order of Russian as architecture and various types of folk art, covered a Tsar Nicholas I, went down in history as the last Kara- long path of development in this area particularly fol- bakh khan. -
The Caucasus Globalization
Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION FOUNDED AND PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 – 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kenan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 561 70 54 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 – 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 – 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Ayca represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) ERGUN Tel: (+90 – 312) 210 59 96 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 598 27 53 (Ext. 25) (IMANOV) E-mail: [email protected] Vladimer Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) PAPAVA Tel: (995 – 32) 24 35 55 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 561 70 54 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 8 IssueMembers 3-4 2014 of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza D.Sc. (History), Professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian National Academy of ALEKSIDZE Sciences, head of the scientific department of the Korneli Kekelidze Institute of Manuscripts (Georgia) Mustafa AYDIN Rector of Kadir Has University (Turkey) Irina BABICH D.Sc. -
1 ...The Khojaly Massacre Is a Bloody Episode. It Is a Continuation of The
...The Khojaly massacre is a bloody episode. It is a continuation of the ethnic cleansing and genocide policies that the Armenian chauvinist-nationalists have been progressively carrying out against the Azerbaijanis for approximately 200 years. These accursed policies, supported by the authorities of some states, were constantly pursued by Tsarist Russia and the Soviets. After the demise of the USSR these policies led to the displacement of Azerbaijanis from their homelands, exposing them to suffering on a massive scale. In all, two million Azerbaijanis have at various times felt the weight of the policies of ethnic cleansing and genocide pursued by aggressive Armenian nationalists and stupid ideologues of "Greater Armenia". ...Today the Government of Azerbaijan and its people must bring the truth about the Khojaly genocide and all the Armenian atrocities in Nagorny Karabakh, their scale and brutality, to the countries of the world, their parliaments and the public at large and achieve the recognition of these atrocities as an act of genocide. This is the humane duty of every citizen before the spirits of the Khojaly martyrs. An international legal and political assessment of the tragedy and proper punishment of the ideologues, organizers and executors are important in order to avoid in future such barbarous acts against humanity as a whole... Heydar Aliyev President of the Republic of Azerbaijan 25 February 2002 1 Background 7 Mass Media 13 The Washington Post, The Independent, The Sunday Times, The Times, The Washington Times, The New -
WMU Sasakawa Fellows' Network Meeting in the East European
WMU Sasakawa Fellows’ Network Meeting in the East European, Middle Eastern, and North African Regions January 28th - February 1st, 2018 Novotel London West Hotel, London, United Kingdom Hosted and Organized by “Friends of WMU, Japan” Secretariat in Cooperation with The Nippon Foundation and U.K. Sasakawa Fellows Contents Contents Resolution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Various Photos ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Program Schedule …………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Opening Session ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 1. Welcome Speech …………………………………………………………………………………… 21 (Sandra Rita ALLNUTT Brazil, 1999) 2. Opening Remarks ………………………………………………………………………………… 22 (Tsutomu AKITA Senior Specialist, Ocean Policy Research Institute, the Sasakawa Peace Foundation) Discussion on the WMU Sasakawa Fellows’ Network ……………………………………………………… 25 1. Procedure to become a candidate and benefit of being Sasakawa fellow. ………………………… 27 2. Mutual Communication. …………………………………………………………………………… 29 3. NEWSLETTER …………………………………………………………………………………… 31 4. Expansion of the Network ………………………………………………………………………… 33 Exchange of Maritime Information ………………………………………………………………………… 35 1. Update on WMU …………………………………………………………………………………… 37 (Ms. Susan Jackson, Registrar, World Maritime University) 2. Workshop Discussion Items ………………………………………………………………………… 39 (Amr Moneer IBRAHIM, Egypt 2013) 3. Role of The Human Element ……………………………………………………………………… 45 (Aynur MAHARRAMOVA, Azerbaijan 2017) 4. Maritime Education & Training in Ukraine ………………………………………………………… 49 (Igor -
Genocide and Deportation of Azerbaijanis
GENOCIDE AND DEPORTATION OF AZERBAIJANIS C O N T E N T S General information........................................................................................................................... 3 Resettlement of Armenians to Azerbaijani lands and its grave consequences ................................ 5 Resettlement of Armenians from Iran ........................................................................................ 5 Resettlement of Armenians from Turkey ................................................................................... 8 Massacre and deportation of Azerbaijanis at the beginning of the 20th century .......................... 10 The massacres of 1905-1906. ..................................................................................................... 10 General information ................................................................................................................... 10 Genocide of Moslem Turks through 1905-1906 in Karabagh ...................................................... 13 Genocide of 1918-1920 ............................................................................................................... 15 Genocide over Azerbaijani nation in March of 1918 ................................................................... 15 Massacres in Baku. March 1918................................................................................................. 20 Massacres in Erivan Province (1918-1920) ............................................................................... -
Armenian Tourist Attraction
Armenian Tourist Attractions: Rediscover Armenia Guide http://mapy.mk.cvut.cz/data/Armenie-Armenia/all/Rediscover%20Arme... rediscover armenia guide armenia > tourism > rediscover armenia guide about cilicia | feedback | chat | © REDISCOVERING ARMENIA An Archaeological/Touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia Brady Kiesling July 1999 Yerevan This document is for the benefit of all persons interested in Armenia; no restriction is placed on duplication for personal or professional use. The author would appreciate acknowledgment of the source of any substantial quotations from this work. 1 von 71 13.01.2009 23:05 Armenian Tourist Attractions: Rediscover Armenia Guide http://mapy.mk.cvut.cz/data/Armenie-Armenia/all/Rediscover%20Arme... REDISCOVERING ARMENIA Author’s Preface Sources and Methods Armenian Terms Useful for Getting Lost With Note on Monasteries (Vank) Bibliography EXPLORING ARAGATSOTN MARZ South from Ashtarak (Maps A, D) The South Slopes of Aragats (Map A) Climbing Mt. Aragats (Map A) North and West Around Aragats (Maps A, B) West/South from Talin (Map B) North from Ashtarak (Map A) EXPLORING ARARAT MARZ West of Yerevan (Maps C, D) South from Yerevan (Map C) To Ancient Dvin (Map C) Khor Virap and Artaxiasata (Map C Vedi and Eastward (Map C, inset) East from Yeraskh (Map C inset) St. Karapet Monastery* (Map C inset) EXPLORING ARMAVIR MARZ Echmiatsin and Environs (Map D) The Northeast Corner (Map D) Metsamor and Environs (Map D) Sardarapat and Ancient Armavir (Map D) Southwestern Armavir (advance permission -
Technology # Region Populated Area Name Populated Area Type 2G 3G 4G
The technologies comprise the following services Updated on February 11, 2019 2G technology comprises the following services: voice, data (GPRS, EDGE), ensuring speed of up to 474 Kbps 3G technology comprises the following services: voice, data (R99, HSPA), ensuring speed of up to 42.2 Mbps 4G technology comprises the following services: voice (CSFB), data, ensuring speed of up to 150 Mbps for download and up to 50 Mbps of upload CSFB service gives an opportunity to the subscribers to accept phone calls in 4G network. The voice call is performed by transferring from 4G technology to 3G; upon the session completion 3G is switched back to 4G. The usage speeds of the mentioned technologies depend on the coverage, the load of the base station as well as on the quality and class of the device in use by the subscriber. Technology definition explanation: Yes – possible to use the service in the mentioned area No - not possible to use the service in the mentioned area Technology # Region Populated area name Populated area 2G 3G 4G type 1 Aragatsotn Ashtarak town Yes Yes Yes Mughni village Yes Yes No Aparan town Yes Yes Yes Talin town Yes Yes Yes Agarak village Yes Yes No Agarakavan village Yes Yes No Alagyaz village Yes Yes No Akunq village Yes Yes No Aghdzq village Yes Yes No Sadunts village Yes Yes No Antarut village Yes Yes No Ashnak village Yes Yes No Avan village Yes Yes No Khnusik village No No No Metsadzor village Yes No No Avshen village Yes Yes No Aragats village Yes Yes No Aragatsavan village Yes Yes No Aragatsotn village Yes Yes -
ՀՀ ՍՅՈՒՆԻՔԻ ՄԱՐԶ RA SYUNIK MARZ Մարզկենտրոնը` Marz Centre Ք
ՀՀ ՍՅՈՒՆԻՔԻ ՄԱՐԶ RA SYUNIK MARZ Մարզկենտրոնը` Marz centre ք. Կապան Kapan town Տարածաշրջանները` Territoires Կապան, Kapan, Գորիս, Goris, Սիսիան, Sisian, Մեղրի Meghri Քաղաքները` Towns Կապան, Kapan, ¶որիս, Goris, Սիսիան, Sisian, Մեղրի, Meghri, ք.Կապան Ագարակ, Agarak, s.Kapan Քաջարան, Qajaran, Դաստակերտ Dastakert ՀՀ Սյունիքի մարզը գտնվում է Հայաստանի Syunik marz is situated in the south of the Republic of Հանրապետության տարածքի հարավում: Armenia. Մարզը հյուսիսից սահմանակից է ՀՀ Վայոց ձորի In the North the marz borders with RA Vayots Dzor մարզին, հարավից պետական սահմանով սահմանակից marz, in the South it borders with Iran, (the length of border է Իրանին (սահմանի երկարությունը 42 կմ է), is 42 km), in the West - Nakhijevan and in the East - արևմուտքից` Նախիջևանին և արևելքից` Արցախին: Artsakh. Տարածքը 4506 քառ. կմ / Territory sq. km ՀՀ տարածքում մարզի տարածքի տեսակարար կշիռը 15.1% Territory share of the marz in the territory of RA Քաղաքային համայնքներ 7 Urban communities Գյուղական համայնքներ 102 Rural communities Քաղաքներ 7 Towns Գյուղեր 127 Villages Բնակչության թվաքանակը 2010թ. հունվարի 1-ի դրությամբ 152.9 հազ. մարդ / Population number as of January 1, 2010 ths. persons այդ թվում` including: քաղաքային 103.7 հազ. մարդ / urban ths. persons գյուղական 49.2 հազ. մարդ / rural ths. persons ՀՀ բնակչության ընդհանուր թվաքանակում մարզի բնակչության թվաքանակի տեսակարար կշիռը, 2009թ. 4.7% Share of marz population size in RA population size, 2009 Քաղաքային բնակչության թվաքանակի տեսակարար կշիռը 67.8% Share of urban population size Գյուղատնտեսական նշանակության հողեր 333598 հա / Agricultural land ha այդ թվում` վարելահողեր 43790 հա/ including: arable land ha Օգտակար հանածոներով հանրապետության It is the richest marz of the republic with useful minerals. -
Vesnice, Jeskyně, Zapome- Nuté Mosty a Starověké Kláštery
Publikovala nevládní nezisková organizace Člověk v tísni se zastoupením v Arménii v rámci projektu “EU4Tourism: Obnova turistických stezek v provincii Syunik” realizovaného ve spolupráci s organizací ARK Environmental NGO (2018-2021). Texty: Příběhy byly sepsány neziskovou organizací ARK Environmental NGO společně s rozvojovým centrem Goris Development Center NGO během let 2018 a 2019. Editoři: Shawn Basey & Dion Battersby Revize a úprava: Kristína Križanová & Shushanik Nersesyan Překlad do češtiny: Monika Ticháčková Ilustrace: Aghvan Stepanyan červenec 2020 Tato publikace byla vydána díky finanční podpoře od Evropské unie. Její obsah se nemusí shodovat s názory Evropské unie a plně za něj odpovídá nezisková organizace Člověk v tísni. Legendy ze Stezky legend EU4Tourism: Obnova turistických stezek v provincii Syunik ÚVOD Přemýšleli jste někdy nad tím, že byste na chvíli utekli pryč z hektického moderního světa a zažili nějaké dobrodružství daleko od všeho ruchu? Tato publikace vás zavede na fascinující cestu prostorem i časem do historických míst na jihu Arménie. Pěkně ukrytí v ústraní můžete strávit celé týdny putováním po vysokých horách a hlubokých údolích. Objevovat opuštěné vesnice, jeskyně, zapome- nuté mosty a starověké kláštery. A žít s místními lidmi, kteří vás pohostí těmi nejkvalitnější produkty přímo ze své zahrady. Více než 200 km nedotčené přírody a pověstné arménské pohostinnosti na vás čeká mezi visutým mostem Khndzoresk (v oblasti Goris) a horou Khustup (nedaleko Kapanu). Vydejte se s námi na Stezku legend, staňte se součástí -
Sumgait Pogrom
Sumgait pogrom The Sumgait pogrom was a pogrom that targeted the Armenian population of the seaside town of Sumgait in Soviet Azerbaijan in late February 1988. The pogrom took place during the early stages of the Karabakh movement. On February 27, 1988, mobs made up largely of ethnic Azerbaijanis formed into groups and attacked and killed Armenians on the streets and in their apartments; widespread looting and a general lack of concern from police officers allowed the situation to continue for three days. On February 28, a small contingent of Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) troops entered the city and unsuccessfully attempted to quell the rioting. They were followed by more professional military units entered with tanks and armored personnel vehicles one day later. Government forces imposed a state of martial law and curfew and brought the crisis to an end. The official death toll released by the Prosecutor General of the USSR (tallies were compiled based on lists of named victims) was 32 people (26 Armenians and 6 Azerbaijanis), although some have revised this figure up into the tens and hundreds. The civil violence in Sumgait were unprecedented in scope and were widely covered in the Western press. It was greeted with general astonishment in Armenia and the rest of the Soviet Union since ethnic feuds in the country were largely suppressed by the government, which had promoted policies such as internationalism, fraternity of peoples, and socialist patriotism to avert such conflicts. The massacre, together with the Nagorno- Karabakh conflict, would present a major challenge to the reforms being implemented by then General Secretary of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev.