Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Overview
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Multi-Scale Analysis of Green Space for Human Settlement Sustainability in Urban Areas of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China
sustainability Article Multi-Scale Analysis of Green Space for Human Settlement Sustainability in Urban Areas of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China Wenfeng Chi 1,2, Jing Jia 1,2, Tao Pan 3,4,5,* , Liang Jin 1,2 and Xiulian Bai 1,2 1 College of resources and Environmental Economics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010070, China; [email protected] (W.C.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (L.J.); [email protected] (X.B.) 2 Resource Utilization and Environmental Protection Coordinated Development Academician Expert Workstation in the North of China, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010070, China 3 College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Shandong, Rizhao 276826, China 4 Department of Geography, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium 5 Land Research Center of Qufu Normal University, Shandong, Rizhao 276826, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-1834-604-6488 Received: 19 July 2020; Accepted: 18 August 2020; Published: 21 August 2020 Abstract: Green space in intra-urban regions plays a significant role in improving the human habitat environment and regulating the ecosystem service in the Inner Mongolian Plateau of China, the environmental barrier region of North China. However, a lack of multi-scale studies on intra-urban green space limits our knowledge of human settlement environments in this region. In this study, a synergistic methodology, including the main process of linear spectral decomposition, vegetation-soil-impervious surface area model, and artificial digital technology, was established to generate a multi-scale of green space (i.e., 15-m resolution intra-urban green components and 0.5-m resolution park region) and investigate multi-scale green space characteristics as well as its ecological service in 12 central cities of the Inner Mongolian Plateau. -
Discrimination of Three Ephedra Species and Their Geographical
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Discrimination of three Ephedra species and their geographical origins based on multi-element Received: 6 December 2017 Accepted: 22 June 2018 fngerprinting by inductively Published: xx xx xxxx coupled plasma mass spectrometry Xiaofang Ma1, Lingling Fan1, Fuying Mao1,2, Yunsheng Zhao1,2,3, Yonggang Yan4, Hongling Tian5, Rui Xu1, Yanqun Peng1 & Hong Sui1,2 Discrimination of species and geographical origins of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is essential to prevent adulteration and inferior problems. We studied Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C.A.Mey. and Ephedra przewalskii Bge. to investigate the relationship between inorganic element content and these three species and their geographical origins. 38 elemental fngerprints from six major Ephedra-producing regions, namely, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Sinkiang, were determined to evaluate the importance of inorganic elements to three species and their geographical origins. The contents of 15 elements, namely, N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Na, Cl, Sr, Cu, Zn, B, and Mo, of Ephedra samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Elemental contents were used as chemical indicators to classify species and origins of Ephedra samples using a radar plot and multivariate data analysis, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis (DA). Ephedra samples from diferent species and geographical origins could be diferentiated. This study showed that inorganic elemental fngerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis is a promising tool for distinguishing three Ephedra species and their geographical origins, and this strategy might be an efective method for authenticity discrimination of TCM. -
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sustainability Article Efficiency Loss and Intensification Potential of Urban Industrial Land Use in Three Major Urban Agglomerations in China Xiangdong Wang 1,2,3,* , Xiaoqiang Shen 1,2 and Tao Pei 3 1 College of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; [email protected] 2 Institute for Studies in County Economy Development, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 3 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 December 2019; Accepted: 20 February 2020; Published: 22 February 2020 Abstract: In recent decades, efficiency and intensification have emerged as hot topics within urban industrial land use (UILU) studies in China. However, the measurement and analysis of UILU efficiency and intensification are not accurate and in-depth enough. The study of UILU efficiency loss and intensification potential and their relationship is still lacking, and the application of parametric methods with clearer causal mechanisms is insufficient. This paper argued that the intensification potential of UILU could be defined as the amount of saved land or output growth resulting from reduced efficiency loss of UILU. Accordingly, we constructed quantitative models for measuring and evaluating the intensification potential of UILU, using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method to calculate efficiency loss in three major urban agglomerations (38 cities) in China. Our results revealed a large scale and an expanding trend in the efficiency loss and intensification potential of UILU in three major urban agglomerations in China. From 2003 to 2016, the annual efficiency loss of UILU was 31.56%, the annual land-saving potential was 979.98 km2, and the annual output growth potential was 8775.23 billion Yuan (referring to the constant price for 2003). -
Spatial Heterogeneous of Ecological Vulnerability in Arid and Semi-Arid Area: a Case of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
sustainability Article Spatial Heterogeneous of Ecological Vulnerability in Arid and Semi-Arid Area: A Case of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China Rong Li 1, Rui Han 1, Qianru Yu 1, Shuang Qi 2 and Luo Guo 1,* 1 College of the Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (R.L.); [email protected] (R.H.); [email protected] (Q.Y.) 2 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117570, Singapore; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 April 2020; Accepted: 26 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Ecological vulnerability, as an important evaluation method reflecting regional ecological status and the degree of stability, is the key content in global change and sustainable development. Most studies mainly focus on changes of ecological vulnerability concerning the temporal trend, but rarely take arid and semi-arid areas into consideration to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the ecological vulnerability index (EVI) there. In this study, we selected the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on the Loess Plateau of China, a typical arid and semi-arid area, as a case to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of the EVI every five years, from 1990 to 2015. Based on remote sensing data, meteorological data, and economic statistical data, this study first evaluated the temporal-spatial change of ecological vulnerability in the study area by Geo-information Tupu. Further, we explored the spatial heterogeneity of the ecological vulnerability using Getis-Ord Gi*. Results show that: (1) the regions with high ecological vulnerability are mainly concentrated in the north of the study area, which has high levels of economic growth, while the regions with low ecological vulnerability are mainly distributed in the relatively poor regions in the south of the study area. -
Appendix 1: Rank of China's 338 Prefecture-Level Cities
Appendix 1: Rank of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities © The Author(s) 2018 149 Y. Zheng, K. Deng, State Failure and Distorted Urbanisation in Post-Mao’s China, 1993–2012, Palgrave Studies in Economic History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92168-6 150 First-tier cities (4) Beijing Shanghai Guangzhou Shenzhen First-tier cities-to-be (15) Chengdu Hangzhou Wuhan Nanjing Chongqing Tianjin Suzhou苏州 Appendix Rank 1: of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities Xi’an Changsha Shenyang Qingdao Zhengzhou Dalian Dongguan Ningbo Second-tier cities (30) Xiamen Fuzhou福州 Wuxi Hefei Kunming Harbin Jinan Foshan Changchun Wenzhou Shijiazhuang Nanning Changzhou Quanzhou Nanchang Guiyang Taiyuan Jinhua Zhuhai Huizhou Xuzhou Yantai Jiaxing Nantong Urumqi Shaoxing Zhongshan Taizhou Lanzhou Haikou Third-tier cities (70) Weifang Baoding Zhenjiang Yangzhou Guilin Tangshan Sanya Huhehot Langfang Luoyang Weihai Yangcheng Linyi Jiangmen Taizhou Zhangzhou Handan Jining Wuhu Zibo Yinchuan Liuzhou Mianyang Zhanjiang Anshan Huzhou Shantou Nanping Ganzhou Daqing Yichang Baotou Xianyang Qinhuangdao Lianyungang Zhuzhou Putian Jilin Huai’an Zhaoqing Ningde Hengyang Dandong Lijiang Jieyang Sanming Zhoushan Xiaogan Qiqihar Jiujiang Longyan Cangzhou Fushun Xiangyang Shangrao Yingkou Bengbu Lishui Yueyang Qingyuan Jingzhou Taian Quzhou Panjin Dongying Nanyang Ma’anshan Nanchong Xining Yanbian prefecture Fourth-tier cities (90) Leshan Xiangtan Zunyi Suqian Xinxiang Xinyang Chuzhou Jinzhou Chaozhou Huanggang Kaifeng Deyang Dezhou Meizhou Ordos Xingtai Maoming Jingdezhen Shaoguan -
Journal Pre-Proof
Journal Pre-proof Optimal temperature zone for the dispersal of COVID-19 Zhongwei Huang, Jianping Huang, Qianqing Gu, Pengyue Du, Hongbin Liang, Qing Dong PII: S0048-9697(20)33004-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139487 Reference: STOTEN 139487 To appear in: Science of the Total Environment Received date: 1 May 2020 Revised date: 9 May 2020 Accepted date: 15 May 2020 Please cite this article as: Z. Huang, J. Huang, Q. Gu, et al., Optimal temperature zone for the dispersal of COVID-19, Science of the Total Environment (2020), https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139487 This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. © 2020 Published by Elsevier. Journal Pre-proof Optimal temperature zone for the dispersal of COVID-19 Zhongwei Huang, Jianping Huang*, Qianqing Gu, Pengyue Du, Hongbin Liang, and Qing Dong Collaborative Innovation Center for West Ecological Safety (CIWES), College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. *Corresponding author: Jiangping Huang ([email protected]). ABSTRACT It is essential to know the environmental parameters within which the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can survive to understand its global dispersal pattern.Journal We found that 60.0%Pre-proof of the confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in places where the air temperature ranged from 5°C to 15°C, with a peak in cases at 11.54°C. -
Continuing Crackdown in Inner Mongolia
CONTINUING CRACKDOWN IN INNER MONGOLIA Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) CONTINUING CRACKDOWN IN INNER MONGOLIA Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) Human Rights Watch New York $$$ Washington $$$ Los Angeles $$$ London Copyright 8 March 1992 by Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 1-56432-059-6 Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) Human Rights Watch/Asia was established in 1985 to monitor and promote the observance of internationally recognized human rights in Asia. Sidney Jones is the executive director; Mike Jendrzejczyk is the Washington director; Robin Munro is the Hong Kong director; Therese Caouette, Patricia Gossman and Jeannine Guthrie are research associates; Cathy Yai-Wen Lee and Grace Oboma-Layat are associates; Mickey Spiegel is a research consultant. Jack Greenberg is the chair of the advisory committee and Orville Schell is vice chair. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Human Rights Watch conducts regular, systematic investigations of human rights abuses in some seventy countries around the world. It addresses the human rights practices of governments of all political stripes, of all geopolitical alignments, and of all ethnic and religious persuasions. In internal wars it documents violations by both governments and rebel groups. Human Rights Watch defends freedom of thought and expression, due process and equal protection of the law; it documents and denounces murders, disappearances, torture, arbitrary imprisonment, exile, censorship and other abuses of internationally recognized human rights. Human Rights Watch began in 1978 with the founding of its Helsinki division. Today, it includes five divisions covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Middle East, as well as the signatories of the Helsinki accords. -
'Premiumization' Strategy: Longitudinal Findings from the ITC China Surveys
Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054193 on 29 August 2018. Downloaded from Research paper Impact of China National Tobacco Company’s ‘Premiumization’ Strategy: longitudinal findings from the ITC China Surveys (2006–2015) Steve Shaowei Xu,1 Shannon Gravely,1 Gang Meng,1 Tara Elton-Marshall,2,3,4,5,6 Richard J O’Connor,7 Anne C K Quah,1 Guoze Feng,8 Yuan Jiang,8 Grace J Hu,1 Geoffrey T Fong1,5,9 ► Additional material is ABStract 300 million people in China smoke (including about published online only. To view Background In 2009, the China National Tobacco half of all men), which represents one–third of please visit the journal online Company (CNTC) began their Premiumization Strategy, the world’s smokers, and approximately 1 million (http:// dx. doi. org/ 10. 1136/ 2 tobaccocontrol- 2017- 054193). designed to encourage smokers to trade up to more tobacco-attributable deaths occur every year. expensive brands, mainly by promoting the concept that China’s cigarette market is vast, with a total of 1Department of Psychology, higher class cigarettes are better quality and less harmful. 2.4 trillion cigarettes consumed each year. Chinese University of Waterloo, Waterloo, This study is the first evaluation of the strategy’s impact smokers consume more cigarettes than smokers in Ontario, Canada 3 2Institute for Mental Health on: (1) prevalence of premium brand cigarettes (PBC), all other low/middle-income countries combined. Policy Research, Centre for mid-priced brand cigarettes (MBC) and discount brand Without effective measures to reduce tobacco use, Addiction and Mental Health, cigarettes (DBC) over 9 years, from 3 years pre-strategy the number of annual tobacco-related deaths in London, Ontario, Canada 4 3 (2006) to 6 years post-strategy (2015); and (2) changes China is projected to reach 3 million by 2050. -
Huadian Ningxia Wind Project Project Profile
Huadian Ningxia Wind Project Project Profile Huadian Ningxia Wind Project Gold01/03/2009 Standard -China Huadian Ningxia Wind Project - Project Profile version1.0 Contents 1.0 Project Summary 1.1 Project Snapshot 2.0 Project Benefits 1.1 Key Achievements 3.0 Background 4.0 Technical Details 5.0 How the project meets Climate Friendly’s principles 01/03/2009 Huadian Ningxia Wind Project - Project Profile version1.0 1.0 Project Summary Huadian Ningxia Ningdong Yangjiayao Wind-farm Project is a newly built wind-farm project, located in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P. R. China. The project consists of 30 wind turbines of 1.5 MW which are forecast to generate 95,110 MWh annually. The expected annual GHG emission reductions are 93,938 tCO2e/yr. The project will contribute to the reduction of GHG emission by displacing electricity from Northwest China Power Grid, which is dominated by fossil fuel fired power plants. In addition, the project will help promote local economic development through generation of jobs and alleviate poverty in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, which is one of The Gold Standard the poorest regions in China. Premium quality carbon credits NB: Climate Friendly is the exclusive buyer for the Huadian Ningxia GS credits generated in 2007/08. Project Snapshot Huadian Ningxia Ningdong Yangjiayao Name: 45MW Wind-farm Project Yangjiayao Village, Majiatan Town, Location: Lingwu City, China Coordinates: 37°53’9.00”N / 106°38’1.00”E Type: Wind Standard: Gold Standard (GS) Volume: 22,823 VERs (14/12/07-31/05/08) Vintage: 2007 & 2008 Status: Gold Standard registered Huadian Ningxia Ningdong Wind Power Project Operator: Generation Co., Ltd. -
Religion in China BKGA 85 Religion Inchina and Bernhard Scheid Edited by Max Deeg Major Concepts and Minority Positions MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.)
Religions of foreign origin have shaped Chinese cultural history much stronger than generally assumed and continue to have impact on Chinese society in varying regional degrees. The essays collected in the present volume put a special emphasis on these “foreign” and less familiar aspects of Chinese religion. Apart from an introductory article on Daoism (the BKGA 85 BKGA Religion in China prototypical autochthonous religion of China), the volume reflects China’s encounter with religions of the so-called Western Regions, starting from the adoption of Indian Buddhism to early settlements of religious minorities from the Near East (Islam, Christianity, and Judaism) and the early modern debates between Confucians and Christian missionaries. Contemporary Major Concepts and religious minorities, their specific social problems, and their regional diversities are discussed in the cases of Abrahamitic traditions in China. The volume therefore contributes to our understanding of most recent and Minority Positions potentially violent religio-political phenomena such as, for instance, Islamist movements in the People’s Republic of China. Religion in China Religion ∙ Max DEEG is Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Cardiff. His research interests include in particular Buddhist narratives and their roles for the construction of identity in premodern Buddhist communities. Bernhard SCHEID is a senior research fellow at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. His research focuses on the history of Japanese religions and the interaction of Buddhism with local religions, in particular with Japanese Shintō. Max Deeg, Bernhard Scheid (eds.) Deeg, Max Bernhard ISBN 978-3-7001-7759-3 Edited by Max Deeg and Bernhard Scheid Printed and bound in the EU SBph 862 MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.) RELIGION IN CHINA: MAJOR CONCEPTS AND MINORITY POSITIONS ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE SITZUNGSBERICHTE, 862. -
Nber Working Paper Series from Fog to Smog: the Value
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FROM FOG TO SMOG: THE VALUE OF POLLUTION INFORMATION Panle Jia Barwick Shanjun Li Liguo Lin Eric Zou Working Paper 26541 http://www.nber.org/papers/w26541 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 December 2019, Revised January 2020 We thank Antonio Bento, Fiona Burlig, Trudy Cameron, Lucas Davis, Todd Gerarden, Jiming Hao, Guojun He, Joshua Graff Zivin, Matt Khan, Jessica Leight, Cynthia Lin Lowell, Grant Mc- Dermott, Francesca Molinari, Ed Rubin, Ivan Rudik, Joe Shapiro, Jeff Shrader, Jörg Stoye, Jeffrey Zabel, Shuang Zhang, and seminar participants at the 2019 NBER Chinese Economy Working Group Meeting, the 2019 NBER EEE Spring Meeting, the 2019 Northeast Workshop on Energy Policy and Environmental Economics, MIT, Resources for the Future, University of Alberta, University of Chicago, Cornell University, GRIPS Japan, Indiana University, University of Kentucky, University of Maryland, University of Oregon, University of Texas at Austin, and Xiamen University for helpful comments. We thank Jing Wu and Ziye Zhang for generous help with data. Luming Chen, Deyu Rao, Binglin Wang, and Tianli Xia provided outstanding research assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2019 by Panle Jia Barwick, Shanjun Li, Liguo Lin, and Eric Zou. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. -
The Resilience of Chinese Vineyards to Land Degradation Using a Societal and Biophysical Approach
land Review Analyzing Regional Geographic Challenges: The Resilience of Chinese Vineyards to Land Degradation Using a Societal and Biophysical Approach Yang Yu 1,2 and Jesús Rodrigo-Comino 3,4,* 1 School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] 2 Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Research Network Station, CNERN, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 3 Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, Valencia University, 46010 Valencia, Spain 4 Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D-54286 Trier, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Land degradation, especially soil erosion, is a societal issue that affects vineyards world- wide, but there are no current investigations that inform specifically about soil erosion rates in Chinese vineyards. In this review, we analyze this problem and the need to avoid irreversible damage to soil and their use from a regional point of view. Information about soil erosion in vineyards has often failed to reach farmers, and we can affirm that to this time, soil erosion in Chinese vineyards has been more of a scientific hypothesis than an agronomic or environmental concern. Two hypotheses can be presented to justify this review: (i) there are no official and scientific investigations on vineyard soil erosion in China as the main topic, and it may be understood that stakeholders do not care about this or (ii) there is a significant lack of information and motivation among farmers, policymakers Citation: Yu, Y.; Rodrigo-Comino, J. Analyzing Regional Geographic and wineries concerning the consequences of soil erosion.