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Prestige´S Oil Spill in Galicia (NW-Spain)

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Prestige´S Oil Spill in Galicia (NW-Spain) Metagenomic study of autochthonous bacterial communities at different marine ecosystems affected by the Prestige´s oil spill in Galicia (NW-Spain). Biodegradation potential. Jorge Alonso Gutiérrez Vigo, 2009 Metagenomic study of autochthonous bacterial communities at different marine ecosystems affected by the Prestige´s oil spill in Galicia (NW-Spain). Biodegradation potential. Thesis directed by Dr. Beatriz Novoa Scientific memory presented by García and codirected by Prof. Antonio Jorge Alonso Gutiérrez in Partial Figueras Huerta Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by the University of Santiago de Compostela VIGO, 2009 Programa de Doutoramento: “Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía”, bienio 2003-2005 Cover: Fascinating Microbiology. Photo and drawings by Jorge Alonso Gutiérrez. Editing by Jorge Alonso Gutiérrez and Andrés Alonso Gutiérrez. Chapter drawings: Andrés Alonso Gutiérrez. Dña. BEATRIZ NOVOA GARCÍA, Doctora en Biología e Investigador Científico del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) junto con D. ANTONIO FIGUERAS HUERTA, Doctor en Biología y Profesor de Investigación del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), INFORMAN: Que la presente memoria adjunta, titulada “Metagenomic study of autochthonous bacterial communities at different marine ecosystems affected by the Prestige´s oil spill in Galicia (NW-Spain). Biodegradation potential”, presentada por D. Jorge Alonso Gutiérrez para optar al grado de Doctor en Biología en la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, ha sido realizada bajo su dirección y, reúne los requisitos necesarios para ser defendida ante el tribunal calificador. Yparaqueasíconste,firmamoslapresenteenVigoa6deDiciembrede2008. Fdo. Dra. Beatriz Novoa García Fdo. Dr. Antonio Figueras Huerta Dña. ALICIA ESTÉVEZ TORANZO, Doctora en Biología y Catedrática de Microbiología del Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. INFORMA: Que la presente memoria adjunta, titulada “Metagenomic study of autochthonous bacterial communities at different marine ecosystems affected by the Prestige´s oil spill in Galicia (NW-Spain). Biodegradation potential”, presentada por D. Jorge Alonso Gutiérrez para optar al grado de Doctor en Biología en la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, ha sido realizada bajo su tutela y reúne los requisitos necesarios para ser defendida ante el tribunal calificador. Y para que así conste, firmo la presente en Santiago de Compostela, a 9 de Diciembre de 2008. Fdo. Dra. Alicia Estévez Toranzo El trabajo presentado en la presente memoria ha sido posible gracias a la adjudicación de una beca Predoctoral de Formación de Personal Universitario (FPU) del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia del Gobierno de España, a una ayuda para “estadías fóra da comunidade autónoma de Galicia” de la Xunta de Galicia y a la financiación de dos proyectos de Investigación: “Distribución, evolución y efectos del fuel-oil en el litoral afectado por el vertido del Prestige. Estudio integrado”, del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC) (VEM 2003- 20068-C05-01) e “Impacto del vertido de hidrocarburos del Prestige sobre la red trófica microbiana planctónica (IMPRESION)”, del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCYT) (VEM–2003– 20021) y la Xunta de Galicia (XUGA) (PGIDT04PXIC40205PN). Acknowledgements Agradecimientos Acknowledgements / Agradacimientos Antes de empezar querría pedir disculpas a todas las personas que se me olvide nombrar porque son muchas a las que tengo que agradecer su apoyo durante estos cinco años. El desarrollo de una Tesis doctoral implica no sólo la realización de una memoria científica sino también un proceso de maduración tanto personal como académico. Son muchos los momentos buenos pero también los malos, siendo muchos los doctorandos que han tirado la toalla en alguno de estos baches. En muchas ocasiones el seguir adelante o no depende de una simple conversación o un gesto de las personas que te rodean tanto en el laboratorio como en la calle. No es de extrañar, por tanto, que los “becarios precarios” dediquemos una parte importante del “espacio científico” a agradecer a todos aquellos que nos han apoyado, en lo que podría considerarse un ejercicio de catarsis. En primer lugar me gustaría agradecer a mis directores, Beatriz Novoa y Antonio Figueras por la confianza depositada en mí para realizar con plena libertad este proyecto relacionado con la biorremediación, un campo que dista bastante del de su interés científico, la inmunología de organismos marinos. Espero poder seguir colaborando con vosotros en el futuro ya que, al fin y al cabo y como solíamos decir: “el DNA es DNA, no importa con qué trabajes”. A mi familia. Nunca olvidaré el esfuerzo de mis padres (Juan y Alicia) para poder estudiar biología fuera de Cantabria. Hacer esta carrera era mi sueño y supisteis entenderlo. Seguiré trabajando para cumplirlo. A mis “bro” Juan y Andrés, porque me siento orgulloso de decir que además de hermanos sois mis mejores amigos. Ya sabéis que aún quedan países por visitar, series “frikis” que comentar y música “grunge” que compartir… A mis tíos (Jesús Ángel, Chuchi y “Maripilis”), abuelos (Manolo, Pilar, Adolfo y Pilar) y primos (Jesús, Mario, Iñigo, Rebeca, Raúl y Nacho) porque a pesar de que yo no diese señales de vida ellos siempre se interesaron por saber qué era de mi vida, haciéndome sentir arropado en todo momento a pesar de la distancia. En especial a mi abuela Pilar porque como reconocieron mis amigos de Vigo “tu abuela es la mejor”. A mis compañeros de laboratorio. A Paola y Erica por compartir mis primeros momentos en el Instituto y en Vigo. Espero que algún día podamos volver a quedar para reírnos juntos con las imitaciones de Paola tomando un café “calentito” (sigo sin saber qué temperatura es ésa, Erica). A Pablo Balseiro (“Pol”), gran amigo, por evitar que prendiese fuego el piso y por compartir a “vomitón”. Ya sabéis que ni tu ni Irma os libraréis aún de este “hijo tonto”. A Alejandro Romero (“Alex”) por hacer de la hora de la comida un show asegurado con sus “monólogos onomatopéyicos”. A mi querida Sonia Dios (Doctora, Xur, Xurxil, Xurxilator…), excelente persona que diría papuchi, por tantas conversaciones Metagenomic study of autochthonous bacterial communities after the Prestige´s oil spill in Galicia trascendentales compartiendo nuestras rayaduras, por su sentido del humor, por ayudarme con todo y más… y porque junto a mi March, pero March¡¡¡ (véase Costa, M.M. o Costa, Maria del M. o del Mar, M.C. en el PubMed) han mantenido siempre el orden en el laboratorio a base de broncas de las que yo me libraba por pelota. Gracias a las dos y a la madre de March por sus postres. A mis otros compañeros de “zulo” por reducir vuestras tasas metabólicas para que el Oxígeno llegase hasta las 8 de la tarde. A María por sus “previously on Lost” y su simpatía, a Ariana (“la rubia de pato”) por compartir los cotilleos más frescos, a Laura (Lauruca, Lauril sulfato,…) por hacerme de “secretaria FPU” durante mis estancias y por su episodio de Telma y Luis junto a March (si no lo pongo reviento). Y por supuesto al amigo Iván, por secundar mis “planes sin planear” y presentarme a tantos nuevos amigos (Willow, Ja, Marcos…), con quienes aprendí a ser vigués (y conducir como tal de camino a los furanchos). A Rubén (del clan Chamorro) por saber cómo picar a un cántabro y desmayarse al donar sangre. A Raquel Aranguren y Camino Gestal por aconsejarme siempre que lo necesité y a Pep Rotllant, por ser tan constructivo. Por último a todos los miembros del IIM-CSIC de Vigo como Juan Luis, Marigel, Alejandro, Estrella, Jose Ramón (y sus recetas), a Suso Mirón y Javi del grupo del Dr. Murado por su ayuda durante el muestreo en Faro Lariño… y muchos otros que prestaron su ayuda y apoyo en muchos momentos. A Buga, Carmen, Nely, etc. del Falucho en Bouzas por hacerme sentir como en casa. A todos mis compañeros del gimnasio de judo FAMU de Vigo porque podría contar alguna anécdota de todos y cada uno de vosotros que me ayudó a desconectar de mis problemas después de cada jornada de trabajo. Estoy seguro de que mantendremos nuestra amistad mucho tiempo. A Paco, por entender mis chistes, a Iván (el guardés) por ser el primero en acoger al “cántabro”, compartir rapantes en el Turista y… “viva a Banda Roxa mecajonlacona¡¡¡”. A Óscar Lemos, otro gran amigo, por saber transmitirme confianza en mí mismo, dejarme su piso y compartir locuras como el parapente. A los hermanos Romero (Marcial y Miguel), no sólo por compartir su judo sino también su amistad y el equipo “pa-pa-pa”. A Marcos Rial por mostarme el mundo de los castings. A la familia Abalde por acogerme tantas veces en su casa como si fuese uno más. A “Rubens”, “Davichín” y el “primo Kike” por subir conmigo a Peña Sagra y tantas otras “liadas”. A Alexandre (Xandre), por despegarme de la pantalla del ordenador para ir a judo o pescar. A Alberto, quien espero que algún día termine de estudiar en A Coruña, a Nacho Araujo (Phosssssssss), Chemari y Juan “paparra” por ser los primeros ingenieros interesados en la biología, y a todos los que me dejo (Natalia, Elena, María Romero, Javi, Andreas, Fabiola, Carlitos, Patxi, Davi, Rubén Alonso, Marquitos, Martín, Enma y un largo etc.). Acknowledgements / Agradacimientos A la gente del grupo de la Dra. A.M. Solanas en la Universidad de Barcelona donde realicé mi primera estancia y obtuve mis primeros resultados de DGGE. A Anna María por tratarme tan bien y obligarme a coger vacaciones. A Nuria Jiménez por su amistad y buen gusto musical (PJ), Joaquim Vila (Quim) por sacarme de ruta al Montseny, a Lida Arias, Miriam Sabaté y el resto de gente del departamento de Microbiología por su ayuda y su amistad. Sólo espero haber sido la mitad de buen anfitrión con los que vinisteis al Vertimar en Vigo. En especial quiero agradecer a Marc Viñas, buen científico y mejor persona por saber transmitir su pasión por la microbiología y de quien aprendí mucho tanto en este campo como en si va a nevar o no en Barcelona.
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