Effects of Aspirin on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through STAT3 Signaling Pathway
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Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2021, Article ID 9931885, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9931885 Research Article Effects of Aspirin on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats through STAT3 Signaling Pathway Zhenjun Wu ,1 Xuewen Li,2 Xiuyue Li,3 and Lihua Yu4 1Cardiology Department, Tianjin Huaxing Hospital, Tianjin 300270, China 2Cadre’s Ward, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force 300, Tianjin 300171, China 3Cardiology Department, Xianshuigu Hospital of Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China 4Beijing Chaoyang Integrative Medicine Emergency Medical Center, Beijing 100022, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zhenjun Wu; [email protected] Received 26 March 2021; Accepted 29 June 2021; Published 9 July 2021 Academic Editor: Junyan Liu Copyright © 2021 Zhenjun Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. To investigate the role and mechanism of aspirin in myocardial injury induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats through STAT3 signaling pathway. Methods. Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham operation group, MI/R group, and MI/R+aspirin group (aspirin group). The rats in the sham operation group did not ligate the LAD coronary artery, while the aspirin group ligated the LAD coronary artery, which caused the suture to be loosened after 30 minutes ischemia, and 60 mg/kg aspirin was injected into the tail vein 10 minutes before reperfusion. After three hours of reperfusion, the ultrasound system was used to collect hemodynamic parameters, including ejection fraction (EF%), shortening fraction (FS%), and left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP%) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP%). Finally, the rats were euthanized; then, blood samples were taken for biochemical examination, myocardial tissue was collected, and the left ventricle was used for subsequent experiments. The gene expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by PCR. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, p-JAK2, total JAK2, p-STAT3, and total STAT3 were detected by Western blot. Results. Compared with the sham operation group and the aspirin group, the area of myocardial infarction in the MI/R was significantly increased (p <0:05). In terms of hemodynamic parameters, LVEDP was significantly elevated in the MI/R group. The results of PCR showed that compared with the MI/R group, the mRNA expression of Bax in the aspirin group was significantly decreased, while that of Bcl-2 was significantly increased (p <0:05). Western blot analysis showed that compared with the MI/R group, aspirin pretreatment significantly increased the expression levels of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2 (p <0:05). Conclusion. The mechanism of aspirin preconditioning to protect the heart from MI/R injury appears to be related to JAK2/STAT3 and related to the activation of the signaling pathway. 1. Introduction effects. [3] This condition is known as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury that refers to the deteri- Ischemic heart disease (IHD), the most common cardiovas- oration of tissue damage after reperfusion of the ischemic cular disease in human, is one of the leading causes of death heart and is a major event hindering the treatment of cardio- in the world [1].) The most effective method to reduce the vascular diseases at present [4]. infarct size and maintain cardiac function after acute myo- The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of tran- cardial infarction is myocardial reperfusion [2] that requires scription (JAK/STAT) signal transduction pathway is an blood reperfusion of ischemic myocardium to restore the important cellular signal transduction pathway transducing oxygen supply to the myocardium and improve the biological signals from the plasma membrane to nuclear cells and play- function of ischemic myocardium. However, additional cell ing a key role in regulating cardiac protection against I/R death and severer damage to the myocardium may be caused injury [5, 6]. Besides, the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by myocardial reperfusion, thus weakening its beneficial has been proven to be able to prevent I/R injury [7]. In 2 BioMed Research International addition, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway participates in Table 1: Survival rate of rats at 7 d after MI. the growth, development, proliferation, apoptosis, and n necrosis of cells [8]. The JAK/STAT signal transduction Group Survival rate pathway activates many cytokines under the control of the Sham group 10 100% following drugs after MI/R injury. In particular, Model group 10 70%# ∗ phosphorylation-activated JAK2 and STAT3 mediate the Low-dose group 10 90% apoptosis of myocardial cells, which is regarded as an impor- ∗ 90% tant pathological mechanism of apoptosis after MI/R injury High-dose group 10 ∗ [9, 10]. Note: p <0:05 vs. the model group, #p <0:05 vs. the sham group. Aspirin, an indispensable drug in the secondary preven- tion of cardiovascular disease and also the most popular drug hours of reperfusion, including ejection fraction (EF%), frac- in modern medicine, induces platelet dysfunction by irre- tional shortening (FS%), left ventricular end-systolic pressure versibly repressing the cyclooxygenase-1 enzyme in platelets (LVESP%), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure [11], which has been successfully applied to prevent cardio- (LVEDP%). Finally, the rats were euthanized, and then, vascular complications in high-risk patients. In addition, blood samples were taken for biochemical examination, aspirin can also be used to treat patients undergoing coro- myocardial tissues were collected, and the left ventricle was nary artery bypass surgery (CABG). During the perioperative used for subsequent experiments. period, the administration of aspirin intravenously decreases graft failure [12, 13]. Besides, it is confirmed that aspirin 2.2.3. Echocardiography. After MI/R, the rats were anesthe- fl reduces perioperative cardiovascular complications to reduce tized with iso urane and then subjected to M-mode echocar- morbidity and mortality rates [14]. diography in an echocardiography imaging system equipped In this study, rat models of MI/R were established, before with a 15 MHz linear transducer, with cardiac function which aspirin was given to the rats, to evaluate the effect and parameters measured digitally on M-mode traces. Left ven- underlying molecular mechanism of aspirin on MI/R injury. tricular end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular end- The understanding of such a mechanism provided important systolic dimension were recorded to calculate EF and FS. information for the application of aspirin in the treatment of 2.2.4. Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) Staining. The heart was MI/R injury. cut into five pieces on average and placed in a culture dish. ° The sections were incubated in an incubator at 37 C for 10- 2. Materials and Methods 15 min and stained with TTC. Then, Image-Pro Plus 6.0 soft- 2.1. Materials. A total of 60 clean-grade 1-month-old rats ware was employed to assess infarct size. were selected, fed in an air-conditioned room with a constant 25 ± 1° 2.2.5. TUNEL Staining. After the rats were euthanized by temperature of C and a 12 : 12 h light/dark with water intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital, their chest and a free standard diet for one week, randomly grouped, and cavity was opened, and 10 mL of phosphate-buffered saline weighed. (PBS) was retrogradely injected via the aorta, followed by 2.2. Methods reperfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde. Then, their heart was taken out, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h, con- 2.2.1. Major Reagents and Instruments. Primary anti-B-cell ventionally dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, cut into 10 ° lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) antibodies, Bcl-2-associated X protein consecutive sections (3 μm in thickness), and baked at 50 C (Bax) antibodies, anti-phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2) anti- for 1 h. Thereafter, the sections were added with immuno- bodies, and anti-p-STAT3 antibody (Abcam), an immuno- staining permeabilization buffer (0.1% Triton X-100 in histochemistry kit, a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- 0.1% sodium citrate solution), subjected to ice bath for 2 (TdT-) mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) apopto- min of incubation, washed with PBS, and incubated with ° sis kit, an AceQ quantitative polymerase chain reaction 50 μL of TUNEL solution in a wet box at 37 C for 60 min (qPCR) SYBR Green Master Mix kit, a light microscope, and then 50 μLof4′,6-dimidyl-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stain- ° and a fluorescenceqPCR instrument were used. ing reagent in the dark at 37 C for 5 min. After that, a fluores- cence microscope was used to photograph and count 2.2.2. Modeling. The animals were randomly divided into apoptotic cells. three groups, including the (1) sham, (2) MI/R group, and (3) MI/R+aspirin group (aspirin group). We ensure that 2.2.6. Real-Time (RT) qPCR. The messenger ribonucleic acid there are 6 valid experimental data for each group. We estab- (mRNA) expression levels were measured via RT-qPCR lished a rat model of I/R injury by ligating for 45 min and using the 2× Power Taq PCR Master Mix (BioTeke, Beijing, subsequently releasing the mouse left anterior descending China) and SYBR Green (BioTeke, Beijing, China) and an (LAD) coronary artery. Among them, the LAD coronary ExicyclerTM 96 fluorescence quantitative analyzer. Total arteries were not ligated in sham-operated rats and ligated RNAs were extracted from myocardial tissues using TRIzol in aspirin-treated rats, resulting in 30 min ischemia followed (Invitrogen) and reversely transcribed and synthesized into by release of the silk suture and tail vein injection of 60 mg/kg complementary deoxyribonucleic acids (cDNAs). Then, the aspirin 10 min before reperfusion. The ultrasound system concentration and purity of RNAs were detected using was used to collect hemodynamic parameters after three Thermo NanoDrop 2000.