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Reflections on Micronesia REFLECTIONS ON MICRONESIA Collected Papers of 14'ather Francis X. Hezel, S.J. Working Papers Series Pacific Islands Studies Center for Asian and Pacific Studies in collaboration with the Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii Begirlflirl}', 1:; the ~~ar1v I ~H:/h. (',I,tiler iranc;', ,Y... He,,~c;. '-,h'., h,'t:, been a keen ni)SI'rver of events i;) th,' U. ":i. Trust Terrttor\' nl tn.,> Pacific Islands. Sinc" 1968. Father Hf'zd 1)d.S duthorcri d series of papers which reoor1: upon his observdtiol):>, ano. more il'f'portilntly. provide his always thoughtful reflections ,tbOllt them. Some of thl' papers appeared in mimeograph form and were circulated among friends and other interested parties. The majoritv of rh;: rapers, however, were published If) various journals, IIldgdZIIlPs, and newspapers. A~; the AnlcriCdl1 drlrninistrdtion •.){ the isLlnrls ':lpp'C'ars to be approaching an end, it is an approprio.tc time to bring together the 18 papers whIch comprise this volume. In the case of previously published papers, we wish to thank the original publishers, all of whom have granted their permission to reprint the papers included here. A debt of gratitude is also due to Father Hezel who made available copies of thl': previously unpublished works. The Prlcific Islands Studies Program will soon pllblLsh another item authored by Fa ther Hezel. During the current year, the program has founded the Pacific Islands Monograrh Series to be publish~d bv the University of Hawaii Press (formerly and until recently, the University Press of Hawaii). It is our pleasurf' to announce that Father Hezel's The First Tain~_of CiviI~:{ation: A___ Hist(~L_2L_ the Caroline and~~,ars!,alLJslaf1r1s in Pre-~_oJonial l?:?-Y_~.LJJ? 1:.L~~~ hi1!' been selected to dPpear as the first monograph in the series. Robert C. K ist F:, Dlrv<;tm Pnc::ific Islands Studies Program Center for Asian and Pacific. Stlldies University of Ha\\'aii ;;,t Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 REFLECTIONS ON MICRONESIA THE COLLECTED PAPERS OF FATHER FRANCIS X. HEZEL, S.J. Francis X. Hezel, S.J. Micronesian Seminar Truk, Caroline Islands 1982 Photocopy, Summer 1986 • T/\BLE OF CONTLNTS I. 1'11(' CreatiPfl <,I :t Colopy: The Paradox 01 LCOiic,rnic Aid to 'vlicroIlCs;,J (1%8) •.• Er!lICJtion in '''''lr:rOllc~.ia: Today and Tomorrow (1971) 19 3. Sf'!f ··~,i Ipport by ,\LUOnf:'SlanS of Programs i'l 'lei lil~t i tutions lil tIlt' Catholic Ch;lrcil in Micronesia: the [deal ,;nc! the j)".'S(?lt Reality (1971) •••••• 23 "vl icrofir:'<,ia's School Industry (1973) 3J 5. l~cllt~ .. tions dfl i\licront'sia's r::conorny (1973) 37 (, . A Sac] Talc: of Long (\go: flow Magic Signs \vere "rought to ;;\ I:ar-off Island (:'-)73) 48 7 • In Search 0 i a Horne: Colonial Education in Micronesia ( 197 1d 53 8. Recent Theories of the Relationship Between Education and Development (1974) • • • • • • • • • • •• •••••••• 57 9. Who ShaH Own the Schools? (1974) 62 10. Micronesia's Education for Self-Government: Frolicking in the Backyard? (1975). • • • • • • • • • • 69 11. The Micronesian Dilemma: How to Support Expensive Habits and Still Run tht" HOllsehold (1976) • 79 12. J\1;c:ronesia's Hanging Sprec (197(,) 84 13. Taking the Long Vicw (1977) 94 14. The Antllropologist and Social Problems in Micronesia (1978) 101 15. Looking AhC'iid to the End ot the Trusteeship, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1978) • • • • • • • 113 J 6. The Education Explosion in Truk (1978) 123 17. The New Formula for Self-Reliance (1979) 144 18. Yesterday's iv1yths, Today's Realities (1980) 150 :iii .. SOURCES Six of the above papers, Nos. 1, 2, 3, S, 14, and 18, have not been published elsewhcre, and c.opies have been provided by Father He.zeL The remaining twelve papers have been prcviollsly published. In some cases the same paper, or variants of it, have dPpeared more than once. The following lists the previous publications and indicates their sources. No.4. "Micronesia's School Industry" (1973) previously appeared as "The Schoo! Indw)try" in Friends of Micronesia New~jetter. Vol. 3, No.2, 1973, and in !,a~_Ulc D~i.!.t N.ew:;, March 25~-T973. ------- No 5. "Refler:t~\ms on ,1\,1icronesia's Economy" (1973) iJPpeared under the same title in Micronitor, April 2'), 1973, and in Friends of Micronesia Newsletter, Vol. l~, No. !, l';l7I;·-undei= the title "Unholy Mackerel and tiie Almighty Buck." No.6. "A Sad Tale of Long Ago: How Magic Signs were Brought to a Far­ Off Island" (1973) appeared as "No One Remembered" in Pacific Daily News, December 9, 197.3. It iClter appeared as "A Sad Tale of Long Ago" in Impact, Vol. 11, No.6, 1976. No.7. "In Search of a Horne: Colonial Education in Micronesia" (1974) was published twice under the same title. It first appeared in Topics in Culture Learning, 3, 1975. It was later included in f~!Iture Learning: Concepts, ~p1icati?!,~ and Research edited by Richard W. Brislin, Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1977. No.9. "Who Shall Own the Schools?" (J 974) appeared under the same title in friend~c:; of Microne.~ia NewsI':':.tter (I974). No. to. "Micronesia's Education for Self-Government: Frolicking in the Backyard?" (1975) appeared twice under the same title: .~.?,cific Asian Studies, Vol. 1, No.2, 1976 and C~ctlys~_:2~cic11 Pastoral Magazine f2~Melanesia, Vol. 5, No.4, 1975. No. 11. "The Micronesian Dilemma: How to Support Expensive Habits and Still Run the Household" (I976) appeared under the same title in Journal de Societe des Oceanistes 1976 and South Pacific Dossier edited by G. Woods, Canberra: Australian Council for Overseas Aid. No. 12. "Micronesia'S Hanging Spree" (1976) appeared once under the same title in Micronesian Independent, December 31, 1976. It appeared three other times under different titles: "Tragic End for Troubled Youth" in Micronesian gepor~er, Vol. 14, No.4, 1976. "Suicide Beckons Micronesia" in Pacific Daily News, Pebruary 13, t977. "Suicide Epidemic Among Micronesian Youth" in South Pacific Builetin., Vol. 27, No.2, 1977. No. 13. "Taking tile Long View" (1977) appcared three times under the same title: Micron~sian Independent, March 11, 1977. Carol!ne~ Observer, March 25, 1977. Review for HeJigi0l!~, Vol. 36, No . .5, September, 1977. v No. 15. "Lookll1g Ahead to the End of the Trusteeship, Tr,st Territory of the Pacific Islands" (l97X) appearerl once under the same title in Journal of 1'<1cific History, Vol. XIII, Part 4, 1978. --_._._- '-'-'-- No. 16. "The Education Explosion in Truk" (1978) appeared three times under thesame title: Micronesian Reporte~, Vol. 16, No.4, 1978. Island, Vol. I, No.7, December, 1978. Pacific ~tudies, Vol. 2, No.2, Spring, 1979. No. 17. "The New Formula for Self-Reliance" (]979) appeared twice under the same title: Marianas Variety, July 5, 1979. Glimpses, Vol. 19, No.4, 1979. vi • • THE CREA nON OF A COLONY: THE PARADOX OF ECONOMIC AID TO MICRONESIA The bJsic problem of underdeveloped countries is dten stated as that of c':lpita! forrn~(tion. Those underdeveloped nations that howe especially caught the public (;'ye and have demanded the attention of econorllists--particularly the countries ()f Asia and Latin America-must struggle with the difficulty of .:lccurmrlating enough capital to provide the investments that are so necessary if they ever intend to industrialize. Overpopulation in these countries is generally looke(! upon as simply an amplification of the problem of capital formation, since it means that the barriers have been raised even higher, making additional savings necessary in order that any substantial economic progress be achieved. I The question that continually plagues these large, rather populous countries is where they are to acquire the savings needed for their ascent towards economic prosperity. This does not seem to be as pressing q problem for tt)e island dependencies. that are scattered throughout the Pacific. Although capital formation is something of a primary concern in the development of any people, these island groups are favored by their close economic ties with a metropolitan wh()se population and industrial capabilities are thousands. of times greater than those:of the island. colonies. The Trust Territory of the Pacific is administered by the United States, a country that could very easily sweep it along to a point ·of prosperity that might make Micronesia the envy of the Third World. The Same could be said of other island groups in the area. The difficulty, therefore, is not in finding a source of capital, but in making sure that it is applied judiciously and in the best interests of the developing people. It might even be said that the very affluence of the metropolitan in respect to the colony constitutes the most serious danger. Lavish expenditures can stunt the growth of a developing country and prevent it from reaching the stature that it might otherwise have attained. This pdper is to be a case study of one of those island groups, Micronesia. /\ftN a brief review of the philosophy of ecoll()mic d~;..,i'>t;UlC(, that has guided the 1 ", administration of these islands by the U.S., we will briJlg to li!:"ht ',OUIC c,f tl,'~ problems that have emerged within the past few years as increa~ed flHl(j~ Ildve bel'l I poured into a new development program. Finally, we will atternpt to shmv tl,f' dilemma that confronts Micronesia on the eve of its political and ceono!]! ic thrust forward into the conternporary world. ----.---TheCase For Natural ---Growth From the standpoint of economic growth, Micronesia ~hares 5cver ...d severe handicaps in common with other, Pacific territories.
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