DOCSLIB.ORG

Plantagenet Alliance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plantagenet Alliance Neutral Citation Number: [2014] EWHC 1662 Case No: CO/5313/2013 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE QUEEN’S BENCH DIVISION DIVISIONAL COURT Royal Courts of Justice Strand, London, WC2A 2LL Date: 23/05/2014 Before: LADY JUSTICE HALLETT Vice President of the Queen’s Bench Division MR JUSTICE OUSELEY MR JUSTICE HADDON-CAVE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Between: THE QUEEN (on the application of Claimant PLANTAGENET ALLIANCE LTD) - and - SECRETARY OF STATE FOR JUSTICE First Defendant - and - THE UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER Second Defendant - and - LEICESTER CITY COUNCIL Third Defendant THE MEMBERS FOR THE TIME BEING OF First Interested THE CHAPTER, THE COUNCIL AND THE Party COLLEGE OF CANONS OF THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT MARTIN LEICESTER THE MEMBERS FOR THE TIME BEING OF Second Interested THE CHAPTER, THE COUNCIL AND THE Party COLLEGE OF CANONS OF THE CATHEDRAL AND METROPOLITICAL CHURCH OF SAINT PETER YORK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gerard Clarke and Tom Cleaver (instructed by Gordons LLP) for the Claimant James Eadie QC and Ben Watson (instructed by The Treasury Solicitor) for the First Defendant Anya Proops and Heather Emmerson (instructed by The University of Leicester) for the Second Defendant Andrew Sharland (instructed by Leicester City Council) for the Third Defendant. Hearing dates: 13th and 14th March 2014 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Approved Judgment Judgment Approved by the court for handing down. Plantagenet Alliance Ltd -v- The Secretary of State for Justice & Others This is the Judgment of the Court: INTRODUCTION 1. Richard III was the last King of England to die on the battlefield. His death marked the end of the Middle Ages. He has remained a significant and controversial historical figure ever since. Tudor propagandists in the 16th Century portrayed him in a negative light. Thomas More described Richard III as “little of stature, ill-featured of limbs, crook-backed… hard-favoured of image”. Polydore Vergil says Richard III was “deformed of body… one shoulder higher than the other” (Ross, Richard III, pp. xxii- xxiv). Shakespeare famously characterised Richard III as a ruthless and scheming Machiavellian villain, albeit a man of wit and courage. There was, however, a revival of interest in Richard III’s reign and character in the 20th Century, championed by groups such as the Richard III Society. 2. The Richard III Society (“the Society”) was formed in 1924, over 400 years after his death. In 1980, HRH The Duke of Gloucester became its patron. The Royal Family is, however, not descended lineally from Richard III. No one is. The Society’s aim was to rehabilitate Richard III’s historical reputation, promulgating a more balanced picture of Richard III as a good and humane man who sought stability, peace, order and sound administration for a kingdom recently much troubled. The Society has an established reputation for its historical research. Its membership numbers several thousand around the world. 3. One of the Society’s leading members, Ms Philippa Langley, had a strong desire to find Richard III’s body. Initial research narrowed down the location of Richard III’s grave to an open-air municipal car-park in Leicester on the site of the Grey Friars Priory. The car park, owned by Leicester City Council (“the Council”) overlay part of the Priory’s former grounds. 4. Ms Langley worked in partnership with the University of Leicester Archaeological Services (“ULAS”). Necessary permissions for excavating the site and funding from, amongst others, Leicester University (“the University”) were obtained. On 24th August 2012, human bone was discovered and digging stopped. On 3rd September 2012, an exhumation licence was obtained from the Burials Team of the Ministry of Justice, which meant that the archaeological work could continue. On 5th September 2012, two human skeletons were unearthed, one of which bore the unmistakeable signs of scoliosis and traumatic injury. Steps were taken to trace descendants of Richard III’s sister, Anne of York, for mitochondrial DNA purposes. On 4th February 2013, the University of Leicester announced that DNA matching that of Anne of York had been taken from two descendants, the results confirmed beyond reasonable doubt that the remains were those of Richard III and it had been agreed they should be re- interred in Leicester Cathedral. 5. The Claimant, The Plantagenet Alliance Limited, objected. The Plantagenet Alliance is a not-for-profit entity set up by Mr Stephen Nicolay, the 16th great-nephew of Richard III. Mr Nicolay is the sole director and shareholder of the Claimant, which he Page 3 Judgment Approved by the court for handing down. Plantagenet Alliance Ltd -v- The Secretary of State for Justice & Others incorporated to pursue the litigation brought on behalf of himself and a number of collateral descendants of Richard III (comprising 16th, 17th and 18th great-nephews and great-nieces). However, they represent but a tiny fraction of Richard III’s descendants. Calculations of the number of living collateral descendants of Richard III varies between one and well over ten million worldwide. 6. Mr Nicolay was not a member of the Society and not aware that he was probably related to Richard III until late 2011. In early 2012 he received confirmation that he is a 16th great-nephew. The Claimant’s stated aim, in challenging the licence to exhume what we now know are Richard III’s remains, is to bring about their re-interment in York Minster. Thus, Richard III has, once more, become the subject of keen debate. 7. In the exceptional circumstances of this case, we shall set the scene with a short and, we hope, uncontentious summary of Richard’s life. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 8. Richard Plantagenet was born in 1452 at Fotheringay Castle in Northamptonshire. He was the youngest son of Richard, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, and twelfth of their thirteen children. He was born into a world dominated for the next 30 years by the complex dynastic and civil conflicts fought by rival branches of the Plantagenets, the Houses of Lancaster and York, which became known as the ‘Wars of the Roses’. 9. In 1460, Richard’s father, a claimant to the throne of King Henry VI, was killed at the Battle of Wakefield, together with Richard’s elder brother Edmund, Earl of Rutland. Richard, then aged eight, and his elder brother George, later Duke of Clarence, were sent to the Low Countries. 10. In 1461, Richard’s eldest brother, Edward, seized the English throne by defeating the Lancastrians at the Battle of Towton and was crowned King Edward IV. Richard attended the coronation and was named Duke of Gloucester, appointed a Knight of the Garter and a Knight of the Bath. 11. Richard was then sent to Middleham Castle in Wensleydale, Yorkshire, for knightly training under the tutelage of his cousin Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, who became known as ‘Warwick the Kingmaker’. Richard stayed at Middleham, and Warwick’s other estate at Sheriff Hutton, until early 1465. Richard developed idiopathic scoliosis during his adolescence, causing curvature of the spine. 12. In 1464, Edward IV secretly married a Lancastrian widow, Elizabeth Woodville. This alienated Warwick, who sought a political match with a European princess. 13. In 1470, Warwick defected to the side of Margaret of Anjou, who favoured the House of Lancaster. Richard and his brother Edward IV fled to Burgundy, where they were looked after by Richard's sister Margaret, wife of Charles the Bold, the Duke of Burgundy. Page 4 Judgment Approved by the court for handing down. Plantagenet Alliance Ltd -v- The Secretary of State for Justice & Others 14. In 1471, Richard and Edward IV returned to England. Richard, although only 18 years old, was given command of the vanguard at the Battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury. These battles were resounding victories for the Yorkists. The Earl of Warwick and the Lancastrian heir, Prince Edward of Wales, were killed. Henry VI died shortly thereafter. Edward IV was restored to the throne of England in the spring of 1471. 15. Edward IV granted Richard many of Warwick’s forfeited estates. In 1472, Richard married Warwick's daughter, Anne Neville, the widow of Prince Edward of Wales. Richard became a powerful magnate in his own right, with particular influence in Yorkshire and elsewhere in the north of England. Richard served Edward IV as a military commander and Governor of the North. In 1475, Richard took part in the invasion of France. In 1476, Anne gave birth to their only child, Edward. In 1482, Richard attended Parliament for the attainder of his brother The Duke of Clarence for treason and his execution. In 1482, Richard invaded the Kingdom of Scotland at Edward IV’s behest. 16. In 1483, Edward IV died shortly before his 41st birthday. His Queen, Elizabeth Woodville, had borne two male heirs, Edward V (aged twelve) and his younger brother Richard, Duke of York. Elizabeth sent for her elder son, Edward, to be brought to London from Ludlow for his coronation as Edward V. He was to be accompanied to London by his maternal uncle, Earl Rivers. Richard, who by this time had been appointed Lord Protector, travelled south towards London with Lord Hastings. En route, Richard encountered and arrested Earl Rivers at Northampton and escorted his nephew, Edward V, to London. They arrived on 4th May 1483. The young Edward V was placed in the Tower of London. Elizabeth had taken sanctuary in Westminster Abbey with her family. On 16th June 1483, Edward V’s younger brother Richard, Duke of York, left the sanctuary of Westminster Abbey and was said to have joined Edward V in the Tower. On 22nd June 1483, the marriage of Edward IV to Elizabeth Woodville was declared illegal because of its clandestine nature and a pre-existing contract of marriage between Edward IV and Lady Eleanor Butler.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • War of Roses: a House Divided
    Stanford Model United Nations Conference 2014 War of Roses: A House Divided Chairs: Teo Lamiot, Gabrielle Rhoades Assistant Chair: Alyssa Liew Crisis Director: Sofia Filippa Table of Contents Letters from the Chairs………………………………………………………………… 2 Letter from the Crisis Director………………………………………………………… 4 Introduction to the Committee…………………………………………………………. 5 History and Context……………………………………………………………………. 5 Characters……………………………………………………………………………….. 7 Topics on General Conference Agenda…………………………………..……………. 9 Family Tree ………………………………………………………………..……………. 12 Special Committee Rules……………………………………………………………….. 13 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………. 14 Letters from the Chairs Dear Delegates, My name is Gabrielle Rhoades, and it is my distinct pleasure to welcome you to the Stanford Model United Nations Conference (SMUNC) 2014 as members of the The Wars of the Roses: A House Divided Joint Crisis Committee! As your Wars of the Roses chairs, Teo Lamiot and I have been working hard with our crisis director, Sofia Filippa, and SMUNC Secretariat members to make this conference the best yet. If you have attended SMUNC before, I promise that this year will be even more full of surprise and intrigue than your last conference; if you are a newcomer, let me warn you of how intensely fun and challenging this conference will assuredly be. Regardless of how you arrive, you will all leave better delegates and hopefully with a reinvigorated love for Model UN. My own love for Model United Nations began when I co-chaired a committee for SMUNC (The Arab Spring), which was one of my very first experiences as a member of the Society for International Affairs at Stanford (the umbrella organization for the MUN team), and I thoroughly enjoyed it. Later that year, I joined the intercollegiate Model United Nations team.
    [Show full text]
  • Bills of Attainder and the Formation of the American Takings Clause at the Founding of the Republic Duane L
    Campbell Law Review Volume 32 Article 3 Issue 2 Winter 2010 January 2010 Bills of Attainder and the Formation of the American Takings Clause at the Founding of the Republic Duane L. Ostler Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.campbell.edu/clr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Duane L. Ostler, Bills of Attainder and the Formation of the American Takings Clause at the Founding of the Republic, 32 Campbell L. Rev. 227 (2010). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Repository @ Campbell University School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Campbell Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Repository @ Campbell University School of Law. Ostler: Bills of Attainder and the Formation of the American Takings Clau Bills of Attainder and the Formation of the American Takings Clause at the Founding of the Republic DUANE L. OSTLER* I. INTRODUCTION .............................................. 228 II. TAKINGS IN AMERICA PRIOR TO 1787 ....................... 228 A. Takings in the Colonies Prior to Independence ....... 228 B. The American Revolution and the Resulting State Constitutions ................................... 231 III. THE HISTORY BEHIND THE BAN ON BILLS OF ATTAINDER AND THE FIFTH AMENDMENT TAKINGS CLAUSE ................... 236 A. Events Leading to the Fifth Amendment .............. 236 B. Madison's Negative Opinion of a Bill of Rights ....... 239 C. Madison's Views on the Best Way to Protect Property Righ ts ................................................ 242 IV. SPECIFIED PROPERTY PROTECTIONS IN THE BODY OF THE CONSTITUTION .......................................... 246 A. Limits Specified in Article 1, Section 10 .............. 246 B. The Ban on Bills of Attainder .................... 248 V.
    [Show full text]
  • REACHING out a Celebration of the Work of the Choir Schools’ Association
    REACHING OUT A celebration of the work of the Choir Schools’ Association The Choir Schools’ Association represents 46 schools attached to cathedrals, churches and college chapels educating some 25,000 children. A further 13 cathedral foundations, who draw their choristers from local schools, hold associate membership. In total CSA members look after nearly 1700 boy and girl choristers. Some schools cater for children up to 13. Others are junior schools attached to senior schools through to 18. Many are Church of England but the Roman Catholic, Scottish and Welsh churches are all represented. Most choir schools are independent but five of the country’s finest maintained schools are CSA members. Being a chorister is a huge commitment for children and parents alike. In exchange for their singing they receive an excellent musical training and first-class academic and all-round education. They acquire self- discipline and a passion for music which stay with them for the rest of their lives. CONTENTS Introduction by Katharine, Duchess of Kent ..................................................................... 1 Opportunity for All ................................................................................................................. 2 The Scholarship Scheme ....................................................................................................... 4 CSA’s Chorister Fund ............................................................................................................. 6 Finding Choristers .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Appropriateness of William Shakespeare's
    T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ İNGİLİZ DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI ANA BİLİM DALI İNGİLİZ DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI BİLİM DALI THE APPROPRIATENESS OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S RICHARD III TO FILM ADAPTATION YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ DANIŞMAN YRD. DOÇ. DR. GÜLBÜN ONUR HAZİRLAYAN ŞEFİKA BİLGE CANTEKİNLER KONYA, 2005 ÖZET 1930ların başında Hollywood ile birlikte yükselen Amerikan Film Endüstrisi vazgeçilmez kaynakları arasında ünlü İngiliz oyun yazarı William Shakespeare'in eserlerini ilk sıraya oturtmuştur. Sessiz sinemadan günümüz üç boyutlu animasyon film dönemine geçişte klasik Shakespeare oyunları da her yeni yönetmen ve yapımcıyla birlikte farklı bir boyut kazanmıştır. Tarihsel bir trajedi olan Shakespeare'in III. Richard adlı oyunu ilk oynandığı 1590lardan günümüze kadar geçen sürede en çok sahnelenen ama en az anlaşılan oyunlardan biri olmuştur. Buna bağlı olarak III. Richard'ın seçilen üç film uyarlaması oyunu farkh yonlerden ele almışlardır. İlk film İngiliz aktör- yönetmen Sir Laurence Oliver'in 1955 film uyarlaması III. Richard, ikincisi İngiliz yönetmen Richard Loncraine'in İngiliz aktör-yönetmen Ian McKellen ile birlikte çektiği 1995 yapımı III. Richard ve sonuncusu da Amerikalı aktör Al Pacino'nun yönetip başrol oynadığı Looking For Richard (Richard'ı Aramak) adlı filmidir. Bu çalışma, seçilen üç sahne ile oyunun kahramanı olan III. Richard'ın yükseliş ve çöküşünü temel alarak üç film uyarlaması arasındaki farklılıkları değerlendirmektedir. Ayrıca, a9ihs monoloğu, kur yapma, baştan çıkarma ile savaş sahneleri incelenerek bunların Shakespeare'in metnini ne derece yansıttıkları ve bu sahnelerin birbirinden nasıl farklı olarak ele alındığını belirtmektedir. ABSTRACT Within the rise of Hollywood productions at the beginning of the 1930s, American Film Industry put the works of famous British playwright William Shakespeare at its one of the most indispensable sources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bill of Attainder Clauses: Protections from the Past in the Modern Administrative State
    Copyright © 2014 Ave Maria Law Review THE BILL OF ATTAINDER CLAUSES: PROTECTIONS FROM THE PAST IN THE MODERN ADMINISTRATIVE STATE John J. Cavaliere, III † INTRODUCTION To the Framers, enshrining prohibitions against bills of attainder in the Constitution1 was essential to prevent tyranny. These provisions serve the twin aims of protecting individuals from an improper use of legislative power and reinforcing the doctrine of separation of powers.2 The Constitution of the United States contains two clauses proscribing the issuing of bills of attainder—one applying to the federal government,3 and the other to the states.4 At first blush, this may seem like either a stylistic embellishment or an over-scrupulous redundancy. But this repetition was far from superfluous. Article I treated the legislative power of both the federal and state governments. Thus, the Framers were compelled to provide a separate clause restricting the states because this protection was so important.5 Not even the † J.D. Candidate, 2014, Ave Maria School of Law; B.A., 2010, Florida State University. The author is grateful for his wife’s unwavering support throughout law school. The author further wishes to acknowledge the invaluable feedback and assistance from Prof. Patrick T. Gillen of Ave Maria School of Law, and the editorial staff of the Ave Maria Law Review. 1. U.S. CONST. art. I, § 9, cl. 3; U.S. CONST. art. I, § 10; see also U.S. CONST. art. III, § 3 (“The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attained.”).
    [Show full text]
  • February 2021 Support for Leicester Cathedral Revealed
    Diocese of Leicester Diocesan Synod – 13th February 2021 Support for Leicester Cathedral Revealed Resolution 1 The Synod agrees to make a grant of £500,000 from the funds of the Leicester Diocesan Board of Finance to the ‘Leicester Cathedral Revealed’ project. Amendment 1 The Synod amends Resolution 1 by substituting ‘The Synod approves the purchase at fair market value by the Leicester Diocesan Board of Finance of one of the clergy houses belonging to Leicester Cathedral.’ The pages which follow set out the case for Synod to support Resolution 1 or Amendment 1. 0. Procedural note 0.1 The DBF trustees agreed to recommend to the Diocesan Synod, but subject to Bishops Leadership Team (BLT) endorsement of the missional priority of the project, “that the Cathedral should be awarded a grant of £500k towards Leicester Cathedral Revealed (LCR). The trustees further agreed that, in the event that it were not possible to award a grant, then the option of buying one of the Cathedral clergy houses and leasing it back should be pursued.” 0.2 Following consideration of this recommendation, there was a clear consensus amongst the members of BLT to endorse the recommendation of the DBF trustees. Accordingly, Synod is presented with Resolution 1, which encapsulates the preference of both the DBF Trustees and the members of BLT. However, Amendment 1 will be moved to enable Synod, should it not feel able to make a grant, to consider the alternative of supporting LCR by purchasing and leasing back one of the Cathedral clergy houses, thereby releasing its cash value for the Cathedral to put towards the costs of LCR.
    [Show full text]
  • Richard of York Gives Battle Again
    Richard of York Gives Battle Again Andrew Hogan About 40 miles from here, in 1485, Richard III unwittingly brought the Middle Ages to an end by losing the Battle of Bosworth Field to the victorious Henry Tudor. The defeated king’s remains were taken to Leicester and lost. Found in 2013, the Divisional Court on 26th November 2013 will hear the substantive challenge brought in relation to their re-interment and location of the dead king’s final resting place. The challenge brought by the Plantagenet Alliance Limited has already generated some interesting ancillary litigation in the field of protective costs orders: on 15th August 2013 Mr Justice Haddon-Cave granted permission to bring judicial review and also made a protective costs order on the papers. On 26th September 2013 the court heard a number of applications, including one to vary or discharge the protective costs order. In a full and careful judgment given on 18th October 2013 the court handed down its reasoned judgment reported at [2013] EWHC 3164 (Admin). The Law Relating to Protective Costs Orders The learned judge began by restating the substantive law that prescribes when and in what circumstances the court will exercise its discretion to make a predictive costs order: 17. The general principles governing Protective Costs Ordered were restated by the Court of Appeal in R (Corner House) v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [2005] 1 WLR 2600 (CA) at [74] as follows (see also The White Book at paragraph 48.15.7): (1) A protective costs order may be made at any stage of
    [Show full text]
  • Bills of Attainder
    University at Buffalo School of Law Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship Winter 2016 Bills of Attainder Matthew Steilen University at Buffalo School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles Part of the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Matthew Steilen, Bills of Attainder, 53 Hous. L. Rev. 767 (2016). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles/123 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLE BILLS OF ATTAINDER Matthew Steilen* ABSTRACT What are bills of attainder? The traditional view is that bills of attainder are legislation that punishes an individual without judicial process. The Bill of Attainder Clause in Article I, Section 9 prohibits the Congress from passing such bills. But what about the President? The traditional view would seem to rule out application of the Clause to the President (acting without Congress) and to executive agencies, since neither passes bills. This Article aims to bring historical evidence to bear on the question of the scope of the Bill of Attainder Clause. The argument of the Article is that bills of attainder are best understood as a summary form of legal process, rather than a legislative act. This argument is based on a detailed historical reconstruction of English and early American practices, beginning with a study of the medieval Parliament rolls, year books, and other late medieval English texts, and early modern parliamentary diaries and journals covering the attainders of Elizabeth Barton under Henry VIII and Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford, under Charles I.
    [Show full text]
  • Bills of Attainder and the Supreme Court in 1960—Flemming V. Nestor
    Washington University Law Review Volume 1961 Issue 4 January 1961 Bills of Attainder and the Supreme Court in 1960—Flemming v. Nestor Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Retirement Security Law Commons Recommended Citation Bills of Attainder and the Supreme Court in 1960—Flemming v. Nestor, 1961 WASH. U. L. Q. 402 (1961). Available at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol1961/iss4/5 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bills of Aftainder and the Supreme Court in 1960 -Flemming v. Nestor INTRODUCTION The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judi- ciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may be justly pronounced the very definition of tyranny." This statement by James Madison at the time of the adoption of the Constitution is descriptive of the reasons which underlie the doctrine of separation of powers inherent in the American tripartite system of government. Partiality and prejudice can occur under any system. Separation of legislative and judicial power minimizes the incidence of official prejudice by preventing the same body from simultaneously legislating and adjudicating.2 The theory is based on the proposition that men should be judged by general and prospective rules. American legal tradition prohibits condemnation until the accused has been given an opportunity to be heard in a court of justice.3 Inescapably opposed to this ideology are laws by which a legislature imposes a penalty on named persons it declares guilty of some described offense.
    [Show full text]
  • King Richard Iii/Looking for Richard
    ENGLISH: KING RICHARD III/LOOKING FOR RICHARD Wherefore art thou Richard? There is no doubt that William Shakespeare’s King Richard III is relevant to twentieth century society; however, with changing contexts and values, its accessibility has been somewhat hindered. So, how do we solve this? Maise Smith explores this classic play in a contemporary environment. In his latest film, notable actor and director Al Pacino embarks on a quest in search of Richard, made famous as the Machiavellian of literary genius William Shakespeare’s King Richard III. Don’t know it? Read on. Looking for Richard follows Pacino as he questions the misunderstanding and disinterest surrounding Shakespeare’s collective work, and attempts to find contemporary meaning within King Richard III. It combines the general public’s opinion; experts conversing on Shakespeare’s context, meaning and use of techniques; and a filmic enactment of the original play. To understand the connections between the two texts, we must first look into Pacino’s purpose for creating a contemporary insight into such a classic play. The voxpops entwined throughout the movie depict the views of the American public, the overwhelming majority of whom possess a negative and ignorant perspective on his accessibility, and therefore relevance. Pacino takes it upon himself to counter this; to make Shakespeare accessible, and therefore relevant, aptly adopting the more prevalent medium of film to reflect his ideas. So, the question now evolves from “what are the connections between King Richard III and Looking for Richard?” to “what are the connections between King Richard III and the average, contemporary American viewer?” Answering the second aspect of the question invites a discussion of Pacino’s filmic choices.
    [Show full text]
  • Allchurches Trust Beneficiaries 2020
    ALLCHURCHES TRUST LIMITED Beneficiaries of grants awarded in 2020 1 During the year, the charity awarded grants for the following national projects: 2020 £000 Grants for national projects: 4Front Theatre, Worcester, Worcestershire 2 A Rocha UK, Southall, London 15 Archbishops' Council of the Church of England, London 2 Archbishops' Council, London 105 Betel UK, Birmingham 120 Cambridge Theological Federation, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire 2 Catholic Marriage Care Ltd, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire 16 Christian Education t/a RE Today Services, Birmingham, West Midlands 280 Church Pastoral Aid Society (CPAS), Coventry, West Midlands 7 Counties (formerly Counties Evangelistic Work), Westbury, Wiltshire 3 Cross Rhythms, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire 3 Fischy Music, Edinburgh 4 Fusion, Loughborough, Leicestershire 83 Gregory Centre for Church Multiplication, London 350 Home for Good, London 1 HOPE Together, Rugby, Warwickshire 17 Innervation Trust Limited, Hanley Swan, Worcestershire 10 Keswick Ministries, Keswick, Cumbria 9 Kintsugi Hope, Boreham, Essex 10 Linking Lives UK, Earley, Berkshire 10 Methodist Homes, Derby, Derbyshire 4 Northamptonshire Association of Youth Clubs (NAYC), Northampton, Northamptonshire 6 Plunkett Foundation, Woodstock, Oxfordshire 203 Pregnancy Centres Network, Winchester, Hampshire 7 Relational Hub, Littlehampton, West Sussex 120 Restored, Teddington, Middlesex 8 Safe Families for Children, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire 280 Safe Families, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear 8 Sandford St Martin (Church of England) Trust,
    [Show full text]
  • 2017-Richard-3-Learning-Resources
    LEARNING RESOURCES SYNOPSIS 2 QUICK FACTS 3 PERFORMANCE HISTORY 4 SOURCES AND SHAKESPEARE SHAPING HISTORY 5 HISTORY OF WOMEN PLAYING MALE ROLES IN SHAKESPEARE 6 CHARACTERS 8 THEMES 12 FROM THE DIRECTOR 17 DESIGN 18 OTHER RESOURCES 21 ACTIVITIES 23 EXERCISE ONE 23 EXERCISE TWO 24 EXERCISE THREE 25 EXERCISE FOUR 26 LEARNING RESOURCES RICHARD 3 © Bell Shakespeare 2017, unless otherwise indicated. Provided all acknowledgements are retained, this material may be used, Page 1 of 26 reproduced and communicated free of charge for non-commercial educational purposes within Australian and overseas schools RICHARD 3 SYNOPSIS England is enjoying a period of peace after a long civil war between the royal families of York and Lancaster, in which the Yorks were victorious and Henry VI was murdered (by Richard). King Edward IV is newly declared King, but his youngest brother, Richard (Gloucester) is resentful of Edward’s power and the general happiness of the state. Driven by ruthless ambition and embittered by his own deformity, he initiates a secret plot to take the throne by eradicating anyone who stands in his path. Richard has King Edward suspect their brother Clarence of treason and he is brought to the Tower by Brackenbury. Richard convinces Clarence that Edward’s wife, Queen Elizabeth, and her brother Rivers, are responsible for this slander and Hastings’ earlier imprisonment. Richard swears sympathy and allegiance to Clarence, but later has him murdered. Richard then interrupts the funeral procession of Henry VI to woo Lady Anne (previously betrothed to Henry VI’s deceased son, again killed by Richard). He falsely professes his love for her as the cause of his wrong doings, and despite her deep hatred for Richard, she is won and agrees to marry him.
    [Show full text]