University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Constitutional Commentary 2016 Founding-Era Translations of the U.S. Constitution Christina Mulligan Michael Douma Hans Lind Brian Quinn Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.umn.edu/concomm Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Mulligan, Christina; Douma, Michael; Lind, Hans; and Quinn, Brian, "Founding-Era Translations of the U.S. Constitution" (2016). Constitutional Commentary. 24. http://scholarship.law.umn.edu/concomm/24 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Constitutional Commentary collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. FOUNDING-ERA TRANSLATIONS OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION Christina Mulligan, Michael Douma, Hans Lind, & Brian Quinn* I. INTRODUCTION After the United States Constitution was drafted in 1787, the document was translated into German and Dutch for the German- and Dutch-speaking populations of Pennsylvania and New Y ork. 1 Although copies of both the German- and Dutch- Christina Mulligan is an Assistant Professor of Law at Brooklyn Law School. Michael Douma is the Director of the Institute for the Study of Markets and Ethics at Georgetown University. Hans Lind is a Giamatti Fellow at Yale University. Brian Quinn holds an M.A. in Comparative Literature from the University of Chicago and a B.A. in English from Harvard University. Where uncited, Dutch interpretations were completed by Michael Douma and German interpretations were completed by Hans Lind. The authors wish to thank Jack Balkin, William Baude, Randy Barnett, Randy Beck, Jud Campbell, Nathan Chapman, Dan Coenen, Kent Dolphay, Riehard Epstein Bill Cilod, Christopher Green, Jill Hasday, Jeanne Hoffman, Martin Kagel, Kurt Lash, Robert Leider, Michael McConnell, Tim Meyer, Joe Miller, Thomas E.