DOCSLIB.ORG

Leaf Rust and Stem Rust Resistance in Triticum Dicoccoides Populations in Israel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Leaf Rust and Stem Rust Resistance in Triticum Dicoccoides Populations in Israel Leaf Rust and Stem Rust Resistance in Triticum dicoccoides Populations in Israel Y. Anikster and J. Manisterski, Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; D. L. Long, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, Uni- versity of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; and K. J. Leonard, Plant Pathology Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108 tritici to identify useful sources of leaf rust ABSTRACT and stem rust resistance for transfer to Anikster, Y., Manisterski, J., Long, D. L., and Leonard, K. J. 2005. Leaf rust and stem rust resis- cultivated wheat. Tests for leaf rust resis- tance in Triticum dicoccoides populations in Israel. Plant Dis. 89:55-62. tance included exposure of the accessions to epidemics in inoculated field plots in A total of 742 single plant accessions of Triticum dicoccoides were collected from 26 locations Israel to screen for adult plant resistance as in Israel. All accessions were evaluated for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) resistance in field plots well as greenhouse tests for seedling resis- at Tel Aviv, and subsets of 284 and 468 accessions were tested in the greenhouse in Tel Aviv and tance. Tests for stem rust resistance were St. Paul, MN, respectively, for seedling resistance to leaf rust; 460 accessions were also tested done only with seedlings in the green- for seedling resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in St. Paul. One accession was highly resistant to leaf rust in seedling tests in Tel Aviv, and 21 others had moderately sus- house. ceptible to moderately resistant seedling resistance. Four accessions were highly resistant to leaf rust in seedling tests in St. Paul, and 11 were resistant to at least one stem rust race. Adult resis- MATERIALS AND METHODS tance to leaf rust was more common than seedling resistance among the accessions; 21 acces- Seeds were collected from 742 single sions had less than 25% leaf rust severity in field plots compared with 80 to 90% severity for plants of T. dicoccoides from natural popu- highly susceptible accessions. Most of the accessions with effective adult plant resistance came lations at 22 locations in nine regions of from two nearby locations in Upper Galilee, a region where populations of T. dicoccoides are northern Israel and at three locations in most extensive and genetically diverse. These accessions may provide valuable new partial resis- Jerusalem in the Judean Mountains (Table tance genes for durable protection against leaf rust in cultivated wheat. 1, Fig. 1). Seed of single plant accessions were increased through two to five genera- Additional keywords: slow rusting resistance, wild emmer tions in screen houses and nurseries at Tel Aviv. All accessions are deposited in the Lieberman Germplasm Bank, Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv Uni- Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, land races of T. aestivum, wheat breeders versity. Accessions were grown in a field and stem rust, caused by P. graminis f. sp. have turned their attention to wild relatives nursery at Tel Aviv, where they were in- tritici, are two of the most important dis- of wheat. Wild emmer, T. dicoccoides, is oculated with a bulk collection of P. eases of wheat worldwide. Although stem the closest wild relative to cultivated du- triticina from both wild and cultivated rust has been largely controlled by resis- rum and bread wheat. Durum (AABB) and wheats in Israel. Depending on seed avail- tance, it remains a potential threat, particu- bread wheat (AABBDD) derived their A ability, most of the accessions were also larly in areas such as Australia, Argentina, and B genomes from the tetraploid T. di- tested for seedling resistance in green- and the Great Plains of the United States, coccoides and are fully fertile in crosses houses at Tel Aviv and St. Paul, MN. At where the climate is favorable for devastat- with it. Thus, genes from T. dicoccoides Tel Aviv, 284 accessions were tested as ing epidemics. Leaf rust epidemics gener- can be transferred readily to cultivated seedlings for resistance against a compos- ally have been less destructive than the wheats in crosses by recombination of ite inoculum of P. triticina derived from most severe stem rust epidemics, but leaf homologous chromosomes (4,18,24,25). aeciospores from Thalictrum speciosis- rust is a more widespread and persistent Native stands of T. dicoccoides can be simum, the alternate host for wheat leaf problem throughout the world. Much of the found in small scattered populations across rust. These accessions came from locations breeding effort against leaf rust in wheat has southern Turkey, northeastern Iraq, west- in the following regions: Eastern Upper concentrated on genes for race-specific ern Iran, and in the Caucasus, but the cen- Galilee, the Hula Valley, Korazim, and resistance. Race-specific resistance to leaf ter of diversity for T. dicoccoides is in the Upper Galilee. At St. Paul, 468 accessions rust typically remains effective for only a region of northern Israel, northwestern were tested as seedlings for resistance to a few years, and recent studies suggest that Jordan, southwestern Syria, and eastern composite inoculum of P. triticina, and the available resistance genes in hexaploid Lebanon (6,19,25). Within Israel, the most 460 were tested for resistance to a compos- cultivated wheat, Triticum aestivum, have extensive populations and the greatest ite inoculum of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. been nearly exhausted (2,15). genetic diversity of T. dicoccoides are in Accessions tested in St. Paul came from With the diminishing success in finding Jordan River watershed regions of eastern the following regions: Eastern Upper Gali- new rust resistance genes in cultivars and Galilee, eastern Samaria, and areas of the lee, the Golan Heights, Mt. Hermon, the Golan Heights overlooking the Sea of Hula Valley, the Judean Mountains, Lower Galilee (20,25). In this area, uncultivated Galilee, Korazim, Samaria, Upper Galilee, Corresponding author: K. J. Leonard sites where grazing is controlled can sup- and the Valley of Esdraelon. Subsets of E-mail: [email protected] port natural stands of T. dicoccoides as these accessions were also tested as seed- Accepted for publication 25 August 2004. dense as cultivated wheat fields (6). lings against a single isolate of P. triticina The objective of this study was to sam- from the United States (216 accessions) ple collections of T. dicoccoides from a and against a single isolate of P. graminis DOI: 10.1094/PD-89-0055 diverse range of sites throughout northern f. sp. tritici (217 accessions). This article is in the public domain and not copy- Israel and to test the accessions for resis- Tel Aviv tests. Accessions of T. dicoc- rightable. It may be freely reprinted with custom- ary crediting of the source. The American Phyto- tance to Israeli and North American iso- coides were planted in November in single pathological Society, 2005. lates of P. triticina and P. graminis f. sp. 1-m rows in a field nursery at Tel Aviv. Plant Disease / January 2005 55 Spreader rows of a leaf rust susceptible considered resistant, ITs of 3 to 4 were In each test, seeds of the accessions to wheat cultivar were inoculated by spraying considered susceptible, and ITs scored as be inoculated were grown in vermiculite in with a suspension of urediniospores of P. 2,3 or 3,2 (i.e., with mixtures of IT2 and 8-cm-square plastic pots with three to five triticina in light mineral oil in February. IT3 uredinia) were considered less than seeds each of four accessions planted in Inoculum consisted of a bulk uredinial fully susceptible. the corners of each pot. Glumes were re- population of P. triticina derived from St. Paul tests. Accessions were tested moved from the seeds before planting. The aeciospores from leaves of Thalictrum for seedling resistance to leaf rust and stem pots were arranged in trays holding six speciosissimum. The basidiospores that rust in two tests each at St. Paul. In the pots each, and the plants were grown in a infected the T. speciosissimum plants were first seedling test for leaf rust resistance, rust-free greenhouse for 7 days before produced by incubating the plants with plants were inoculated with a single isolate inoculation. The seedlings were fertilized germinating teliospores from collections of of race TBBL of P. triticina, which was at 5 and 8 days after planting with a water telia obtained from cultivated wheat and common in the United States. In the sec- soluble fertilizer (23-19-17, NPK) at 2.5 g wild emmer at multiple locations through- ond leaf rust test, the seedlings were inocu- per tray. On the seventh day after planting, out Israel. The accessions of T. dicoccoides lated with a composite of 12 races: BBGL, the seedlings were inoculated by spraying in the nursery were evaluated twice for leaf CBGB, DBBG, KDBL, MFBL, MGBL, them with a suspension of urediniospores rust severity and reaction type in late April PBRG, PLMQ, PQRS, SBDJ, TBBL, and in light mineral oil. The oil was allowed to and early May. TLGG, all of which had been isolated from evaporate for 30 min, and the inoculated Accessions tested for seedling resistance wheat fields in the United States. Virulence seedlings were placed in a dew chamber to leaf rust in the greenhouse at Tel Aviv formulas for these races are derived as overnight at 18°C. For stem rust, the dew were grown in a 1:1 vermiculite:soil mix- described in Long et al. (11). Together, this chamber was programmed for fluorescent ture in 10-cm-diameter pots. Four acces- composite of races included virulence to lights to turn on for 3 to 4 h before the dew sions were planted per pot with four seeds Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, chamber was opened to allow the seedlings per accession and grown in a temperature- Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, to dry slowly for 2 h while the temperature controlled greenhouse at 20 ± 2°C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lxstr. Genlxral
    lxstr. GENlXRAL s/9790 11 l&y 1970 ORIGIXAL: ENGLISH lXTT73R T\A!ED 10 MAY 2.970 FRCIGTHE PERMANENTREPRl%ZNTATI~ OF ISRAEL TO THi;: UJ!?I~D NATIONS ADDRESSEDTC; THE PRESIDENT OF TEIE SECURITY CmJNCIL Cn instruction frcm my Government I have the honour to draw yowr npgent attention to the recent series of intensified acts of aggression carried out from Lebanon against Israel and particularly its civilian population- Cn the night of 22 April 1970 the villages of Zariit and Manara were shelled From Lebanon. The same night an Israeli border patrol encountered raiders frcm Lebanon in the area of Shetulah. In the ensuing clash two of the raiders were killed, sabotage equil;ment and arms were captured. On the night of 24 April the villages of Margalioth and Manara were shelled again from Lebanon. Cn the night of 29 April a band of saboteurs who had penetrated from Lebanon into Far Yuval was engaged by an Israeli force, which killed one of them and captured arms, ammunition and explosives. Cne Israeli soldier was killed and two were wounded. Cn the following night, 30 April, the same village came under heavy shelling f'rcm across the cease-fire line and two houses were damaged. r(far Yuval was shelled again on 2 May. Also on the night of 2 May gangs of raiders were encountered in the Nahal Hazoy area and Kerem Ben Zimra area. Gne Israeli soldier was killed and a second wounded. Five of the raiders were killed. Luring the night of 3 May Kfar Yuval and Maayan Earuch area were shelled from Lebanon.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Conquests of Canaan
    ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Offerings and Sacrifices in the Ancient Near East
    ARAMPeriodical religious offerings and sacrifices in the ancient near east astrology in the ancient near east the river jordan volume 29, 1&2 2017 LL Aram is a peer-reviewed periodical published by the ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies The Oriental Institute University of Oxford Pusey Lane OXFORD OX1 2LE - UK Tel. +44 (0)1865 51 40 41 email: [email protected] www.aramsociety.org 6HQLRU(GLWRU'U6KD¿T$ERX]D\G8QLYHUVLW\RI2[IRUG 6KD¿TDERX]D\G#RULQVWDFXN English and French editor: Prof. Richard Dumbrill University of London [email protected] Articles for publication to be sent to ARAM at the above address. New subscriptions to be sent to ARAM at the above address. Book orders: Order from the link: www.aramsociety.org Back issues can be downloaded from: www.aramsociety.org ISSN: 0959-4213 © 2017 ARAM SOCIETY FOR SYRO-MESOPOTAMIAN STUDIES All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. iii ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies Forty-Second International Conference religious offerings and sacrifices in the ancient near east The Oriental Institute Oxford University 20-23 July 2015 iv ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies Thirty-Ninth International Conference astrology in the ancient near east The Oriental Institute Oxford University 13-15 July 2015 v ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies Forty-First International Conference the river jordan The Oriental Institute Oxford University 13-15 July 2015 vi Table of Contents Volume 29, Number I (2017) Religious Offerings in the Ancient Near East (Aram Conference 2015) Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Letters to Sir Moses Montefiore, 1839 RUTH KARK
    Agricultural land in Palestine: Letters to Sir Moses Montefiore, 1839 RUTH KARK Letters on the subject of land and agriculture, written by the Jews of Safed, Tiberias, Acre, Haifa, Jerusalem and Hebron to Sir Moses Monteflore during his second visit to Palestine in 1839, have been dealt with by various authors. Some have seen them in the context of the history of themovement for Jewish national revival and the 'Hibbat Zion' movement, or of European concepts about 'the restoration of the Jews'.1 Others have used them as sources for the study of the history of Jewish settlement in Palestine and of the attempts of Jews to engage in productive occupations there.2 Most authors, however, did not study the documents themselves very carefully. A more detailed examina? tion was published by Israel Bartal.3 The present paper focuses on the availability of land and agricultural activity in Palestine during the period of the Egyptian occupation (1831-41). It is based on a close study of the original manuscripts of the letters, and forms part of a broader study on changes in the pattern of land ownership in Palestine between 1800 and 1917, and their effecton settlement. The letters4 represent a rich, but barely tapped resource relating to the Egyptian administration, and to the historical geography and economic history of the Middle East and Palestine. They contain information on the period preceding the Egyptian occupation as well as on the period of occupation itself, and include references to the state of security (looting and banditry, for example), the treatment of minorities, taxation, local rulers, public health (epidemics) and natural disasters (earthquakes).
    [Show full text]
  • A Threshold Crossed Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution WATCH
    HUMAN RIGHTS A Threshold Crossed Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution WATCH A Threshold Crossed Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution Copyright © 2021 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-900-1 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org APRIL 2021 ISBN: 978-1-62313-900-1 A Threshold Crossed Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution Map .................................................................................................................................. i Summary ......................................................................................................................... 2 Definitions of Apartheid and Persecution .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The History of an Interpretation of Sixteen Drops of Wine at the Seder
    237 “Our Own Joy is Lessened and Incomplete”: The History of an Interpretation of Sixteen Drops of Wine at the Seder By: ZVI RON Explaining the custom to remove sixteen drops of wine from the cup as we recite the ten plagues and words associated with them, the Artscroll Youth Haggadah writes that “we don't want our cups to be full when we tell about other people's pain.”1 The idea that we remove some wine to show that we cannot fully rejoice when our enemies are destroyed is also found in the Artscroll Mesorah Series Haggadah: “Abarbanel, however, explains that we should remove the wine because “You should not rejoice when your enemy falls” (Mishlei 24:17).”2 This idea does not actually appear in the Abarbanel's commentary to the Haggadah, or in any of his writings. In fact, this explanation for the custom of removing sixteen drops from the cup of wine is a recent innovation. By now it is so entrenched in Haggadot that it is often the only explanation offered. A typical presentation of this idea is, “By spilling a drop of wine from the Pesach cup for each plague, we acknowledge that our own joy is lessened and incomplete, for our redemption had to come by means of the punishment of other human beings. Even though these are just punishments for evil acts, it says, “Do not rejoice at the fall of your enemy” (Proverbs 24:17).”3 In this article we will trace the development of this interpretation of this cherished Seder-night custom.
    [Show full text]
  • Return of Organization Exempt from Income
    Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax Form 990 Under section 501 (c), 527, or 4947( a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except black lung benefit trust or private foundation) 2005 Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service ► The o rganization may have to use a copy of this return to satisfy state re porting requirements. A For the 2005 calendar year , or tax year be and B Check If C Name of organization D Employer Identification number applicable Please use IRS change ta Qachange RICA IS RAEL CULTURAL FOUNDATION 13-1664048 E; a11gne ^ci See Number and street (or P 0. box if mail is not delivered to street address) Room/suite E Telephone number 0jretum specific 1 EAST 42ND STREET 1400 212-557-1600 Instruo retum uons City or town , state or country, and ZIP + 4 F nocounwro memos 0 Cash [X ,camel ded On° EW YORK , NY 10017 (sped ► [l^PP°ca"on pending • Section 501 (Il)c 3 organizations and 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trusts H and I are not applicable to section 527 organizations. must attach a completed Schedule A ( Form 990 or 990-EZ). H(a) Is this a group return for affiliates ? Yes OX No G Website : : / /AICF . WEBNET . ORG/ H(b) If 'Yes ,* enter number of affiliates' N/A J Organization type (deckonIyone) ► [ 501(c) ( 3 ) I (insert no ) ] 4947(a)(1) or L] 527 H(c) Are all affiliates included ? N/A Yes E__1 No Is(ITthis , attach a list) K Check here Q the organization' s gross receipts are normally not The 110- if more than $25 ,000 .
    [Show full text]
  • 30444 First Aid 30333, 30463
    657 Rosh Pinna — Yavneel — Zefat Oren Yosef 2/22 Shalom 3 70 55 Salomon Nahum 3 70 32 Shababo Haim 22 Harahva 3 70 41 Vago Elvira Cafe Hayarden 3 70 18 Oren Zvi Transport Salomon Yitzhak Yessud Hamaala3 71 95 Shabtai Gourji Grocery , Vered Hagalil Ltd 12 David Shub 3 70 38 Samson Yehuda Galilee Fruit Co Ltd Hahula 508/1 3 70 92 Farm & Hotel Yehuda Avni Paz Pumping Station 3 71 6Q Hatzor 3 71 45 Shamai David Taxi Driver Upper Galilee Mobile PO 3 70 85 Rasky Zvi 3 71 52 Satati Jacob Galilee Fruits Ltd 17 David Shub 3 70 20 Wainshtcin Baruch 27 David Shub.3 70 29 Shaulski Jonathan Horticultural Instr Yarkony Yaakov 18 Hahalutzim .3 70 53 Robenchtein Miriam 3 70 52 621 Hatzor 3 71 29 29 Harahva 3 70 43 Yesud Hamaala Local Council Rooda Yehezkel Furn SCHOOLS Shupen Yehoshua Grocery Hagalil Haelyon Mobile PO 3 71 01 Rassco Centre Hatsor 3 70 81 Hagalil Elem Hatzor 3 71 62 Commercial Centre Hatzor 3 70 42 Yitzhak Eliyahu Yessud Hamaala.3 70 76 Honi Hatnc'agcl Relig Elem Rosner Vardi 203 Hatzor 3 71 44 Zcrahia & Steiner Assis& Bejarano Shwartz Emanuel 3 70 93 Rosner Yhosha Bakery Hatzor 3 71 63 Bros Ltd Agts 3 70 11 Silberman Menachem Taxi Driver.3 70 33 Shikun Hissachon 264 3 70 82 Sedch Eli'ezer Moshav Zerahia Moshe 59 David Shub. ..3 70 51 Rosnfeld Yair 15 Harahva 3 70 97 HagalilHaelyon Mobile PO 3 71 43 Tolidano Daniel 3 70 94 Zerahia Yitzhak Grocery 3 70 11 Rutenberg Jose.
    [Show full text]
  • Tikkun Olam: a New Terminology for Social and Economic Reform and Its Biblical, Rabbinic and Mystical Roots
    Tikkun Olam: A New Terminology for Social and Economic Reform and its Biblical, Rabbinic and Mystical Roots Noam Zion Noam Zion, Hartman Institute, [email protected] – excerpted form from Jewish Giving in Comparative Perspectives: History and Story, Law and Theology, Anthropology and Psychology. Book One: From Each According to One’s Ability: Duties to Poor People from the Bible to the Welfare State and Tikkun Olam; Previous Books: A DIFFERENT NIGHT: The Family Participation Haggadah By Noam Zion and David Dishon LEADER'S GUIDE to "A DIFFERENT NIGHT" By Noam Zion and David Dishon A DIFFERENT LIGHT: Hanukkah Seder and Anthology including Profiles in Contemporary Jewish Courage By Noam Zion A Day Apart: Shabbat at Home By Noam Zion and Shawn Fields-Meyer A Night to Remember: Haggadah of Contemporary Voices Mishael and Noam Zion www.haggadahsrus.com Introduction: New, Old, and Renewed - The Term Tikkun Olam A. Tikkun Olam as Stewardship of the Ecology: The Natural World Threatened by Human Destruction B. The Aleinu Prayer and the Religious Vision of God's Universal Kingdom C. Rabbinic Legal Reform: For the Sake of the Public Interest D. Maimonides’ Theory of Government: Tikkun Olam E. The Mystical Redemptive Process and the Human Vocation: Repairing a Broken World F. Modern Jewish Thought on the Vocation of Tikkun Olam Postscript: The Medieval Synagogue Protests and The Israeli March of a Million (Sept 3, 2011) 1 Courtesy of Albert J. Winn, photographer, for an exhibition at the Jewish Museum of San Francisco entitled, “Making Change: 100 Artists Interpret the Tzedakah Box.” (Inkjet Print, 1999) The artist-photographer explains that the image above is the top of a “Tzedakah Out-Box” made of Lucite in the form of an “out-box” for letters in an office.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining Israel
    PAGE 2 p Fall 2014 PRESIDENT'S MEMO Itamar Rabinovich on Israel and the Middle East PAGE 6 WHAT'S NEXT FOR ISRAEL? After summer conflict, experts ISRAEL debate the way forward PAGE 10 INSTITUTE LEADERSHIP SUMMIT 2014 MAGAZINE Building a Community of Israel Experts IN THIS ISSUE: Examining Experts discuss Israel's Israel policies, laws and regional challenges KOLDIRECTOR'SSPOTLIGHT: HAMACHON LETTER ACADEMIA Welcome to the first issue of Israel Institute Magazine! The Institute was founded in 2012 in a partnership between Ambassador Itamar Rabinovich and the Charles and Lynn Schus- terman Family Foundation in order to expand the field of Israel Studies and enhance knowl- edge of modern Israel. The Institute does not engage in political activism or advocacy. Rather, we aspire to advance excellence in scholarship, as well as to promote high quality resources for professors, students and others curious about Israel to study the country in a deep and well-informed way. We believe that our mission can best be achieved through robust support for exceptional, academically rigorous analysis on a range of topics, and the Institute partners with elite universities, think tanks and cultural institutions on a variety of programs in order to strengthen the development of a broad and multi-faceted field of study related to Israel. Israel Studies is an interdisciplinary field that draws on experts who examine the coun- try through numerous different lenses, from the social sciences and law to the humanities, cultural studies and the arts. Taken together, these experts illustrate the myriad ways that research on Israel can be relevant to the broader pool of knowledge on domestic, regional and global subjects, not only in the Middle East but around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Roads in the Upper Galilee and Lower Golan Regions: Relationships to Natural Migratory Routes
    University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 7-1-1997 Roman roads in the Upper Galilee and Lower Golan regions: Relationships to natural migratory routes April L. Whitten University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Recommended Citation Whitten, April L., "Roman roads in the Upper Galilee and Lower Golan regions: Relationships to natural migratory routes" (1997). Student Work. 412. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/412 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROMAN ROADS IN THE UPPER GALILEE AND LOWER GOLAN REGIONS: RELATIONSHIPS TO NATURAL MIGRATORY ROUTES A Thesis Presented to the Department of Geography-Geology and the Faculty of the Graduate College University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts University of Nebraska at Omaha by April L. Whitten July, 1997 UMI Number: EP73050 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Ryblishung UMI EP73050 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC.
    [Show full text]
  • Income Tax Ordinance [New Version] 5721-1961
    Disclaimer : The Following is an unofficial translation, and not necessarily an updated one. The binding version is the official Hebrew text. Readers are consequently advised to consult qualified professional counsel before making any decision in connection with the enactment, which is here presented in translation for their general information only. INCOME TAX ORDINANCE [NEW VERSION] 5721-1961 PART ONE – INTERPRETATION Definitions 1. In this Ordinance – "person" – includes a company and a body of persons, as defined in this section; "house property", in an urban area – within its meaning in the Urban Property Ordinance 1940; "Exchange" – a securities exchange, to which a license was given under section 45 of the Securities Law, or a securities exchange abroad, which was approved by whoever is entitled to approve it under the statutes of the State where it functions, and also an organized market – in Israel or abroad – except when there is an explicitly different provision; "spouse" – a married person who lives and manages a joint household with the person to whom he is married; "registered spouse" – a spouse designated or selected under section 64B; "industrial building ", in an area that is not urban – within its meaning in the Rural Property Tax Ordinance 1942; "retirement age" – the retirement age, within its meaning in the Retirement Age Law 5764-2004; "income" – a person's total income from the sources specified in sections 2 and together with amounts in respect of which any statute provides that they be treated as income for purposes
    [Show full text]