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L. Ali Khan Professor of Law Washburn University School of Law 1700 SW College Ave
1 Vitae L. Ali Khan Professor of Law Washburn University School of Law 1700 SW College Ave. Topeka, KS 66621 785-670-1671 [email protected] Academic Bio Professor Ali Khan initially trained as a civil engineer. He later switched to law, obtaining a law degree from Punjab University, Lahore. In 1976, Khan immigrated to the United States and studied law at New York University School of Law where he received his LL.M. and J.S.D. Khan is a member of the New York Bar. Khan has authored several books, including The Extinction of Nation-States (1996), A Theory of Universal Democracy (2003), A Theory of International Terrorism (2006), and Contemporary Ijtihad: Limits and Controversies (2011). Over the years, he has written numerous law review articles and essays on Islamic law, international law, commercial law, creative writing, legal humor, jurisprudence, the U.S. Constitution, comparative constitutional law, human rights, and foreign policy. Khan has devoted much of his academic scholarship to Islamic law and conflicts involving Muslim communities. Khan has participated in Islamic law symposia held at the law schools of Samford University, University of St. Thomas, Barry University, Michigan State University, and Brigham Young University—contributing ground-breaking articles on Islamic jurisprudence. In addition to law articles and academic books, Khan also writes for the popular press in the United States, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. His legal and foreign affairs commentaries are published worldwide and international media seek his comments on world events. In Spring 2007, Khan was a resident legal scholar with the Organization of Islamic Conference in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. -
Middle East Meteorology - H.M
TROPICAL METEOROLOGY- Middle East Meteorology - H.M. Hasanean MIDDLE EAST METEOROLOGY H.M. Hasanean Meteorology Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University Keywords: Middle East Meteorology, Arid and sub arid climate, Dust storm, Climate change, Circulation systems. Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Middle East Definition 1.2 Overview of the Middle East Climate 2. Regional climate in the Middle East climate 2.1 Climate of Egypt 2.2 Climate of the Arabian Peninsula an Overview 2.3 Climate of Syria 2.4 Climate of Lebanon 2.5 Climate Jordan 2.6 Climate of Israel and Palestine 2.7 Climate of Cyprus 2.8 Climate of Iraq 2.9 Climate of Turkey 2.10 Climate of Iran 3. Dust storms over the Middle East 3.1 Types of Dust Storms 3.2 Synoptic Analysis of Dust Storms in the Middle East 4. Climate change over the Middle East climate 5. Climate change impacts on water resources in Middle East 6. Circulation systems affect the climate of the Middle East 6.1 Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on Middle Eastern Climate 6.2 Impact of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Middle East Climate 6.3 The Role of Highs Pressure (Siberian and Subtropical High Pressure) and Indian Low Pressure on Middle Eastern Climate 6.4 The roleUNESCO of Jet streams on Middle East – Climate EOLSS 7. Conclusion Acknowledgements Glossary SAMPLE CHAPTERS Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary The Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, western Asia, and northeastern Africa. Although much of the Middle East region has a Mediterranean climate type, i.e. -
Ideological Background of Rationality in Islam
31 Al-Hikmat Volume 28 (2008), pp. 31-56 THE IDEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF RATIONALITY IN ISLAM MALIK MUHAMMAD TARIQ* Abstract. Islam the religion of Muslims, founded on Qu’rānic revelations transmitted through the Prophet Muhammad (570-632 AD). The Arabic roots slm, convey the ideas of safety, obedience, submission, commitment, and dedication. The word Islam signifies the self-surrender to Allah that characterizes a Muslim’s relation- ship with God. Islamic tradition records that in 610 and 632 CE Prophet Muhammad began to receive revelations from God through the mediation of Angel Gabriel. The revelations were memorized and recorded word by word, and are today found in Arabic text of the Qur’ān in the precisely the manner God intended.1 The community, working on the basis of pieces of text written ‘on palm leaves or flat stones or in the heart of men’, compiled the text some thirty years after the death of Prophet Muhammad.2 All the Muslims assert unequivocally the divine authorship of the Qur’ān, Muhammad is but the messenger through which it was revealed. Theoretically, the Qur’ān is the primary source of guidance in the Islamic community (Ummah). The Qur’ān text does not, however, provide solutions for every specific problem that might arise. To determine norm of practice, Muslims turned to the lives of Prophet Muhammad and his early companions, preserved in Sunnah, the living tradition of the community. Originally the practicing of Sunnah varied from place to place, reflecting the pre-Islamic local customs of particular region. By the 9th century, however, the diversity evident in local traditions was branded as an innovation (bid’a). -
Die Aqidah Der Vier Imame
Die ’Aqida der vier Imame Imam Abu Hanifa an-Nu’man Ibn Thabit (gest. 150 n. H.) Imam Malik Ibn Anas (gest. 179 n. H.) Imam Muhammad Ibn Idris asch-Schafi’i (gest. 204 n. H.) Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal (gest. 241 n. H.) Von Muhammad Ibn Abdu r-Rahman al-Chumayyis © salaf.de, 2004. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Kein Teil dieses Buches darf ohne eine schriftliche Genehmigung verändert, reproduziert, gedruckt oder vervielfältigt werden. Die freie Verteilung über elektronische Medien in unveränderter Form und der Druck für den privaten Gebrauch sind gewährt. Besuchen Sie uns im Internet: www.salaf.de Übersetzt aus dem Englischen von: Azad Ibn Muhammad al-Kurdy und Abu Imran Die Qualität der Übersetzung variiert entsprechend der Vorlage. Fehler sind daher nicht ausgeschlossen im Vergleich zum Original, falls die Übersetzung einer Übersetzung verwendet wurde! Haftungsauschluss: Salaf.de hat sich selbst verpflichtet, authentisches Wissen über den Islam zu publizieren. Hierbei ist es unumgänglich über gewisse Praktiken eines islamischen Staates mit islamischer Gesetzgebung zu sprechen, die im Widerspruch zur hiesigen Ordnung stehen. Die Darstellung solcher Inhalte ist keinesfalls als Aufruf zur Umsetzung, sondern nur als Aufklärung über die islamische Sichtweise zu verstehen. Inhalt EINLEITUNG DES AUTORS ....................................................................................................................... 4 ERSTER TEIL............................................................................................................................................... -
Fatwâ : Its Role in Sharî'ah and Contemporary Society with South
Fatwen Its Role in Shari 'di and Contemporary Society with South African Case Studies BY NASIM MITHA DISSERTATION Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS in ISLAMIC STUDIES in the FACULTY OF ARTS at the RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY SUPERVISOR: PROF. A.R.I. DOI CO - SUPERVISOR: PROF. J.F.J.VAN RENSBURG MAY 1999 Acknowledgement Praise be to Allah who in his infinite mercy has endowed me with the ability to undertake and complete this work on fanvci, a topic which has hitherto been neglected. Confusion regarding the concepts of fatwci, agOya, mufti, qcich and exikim abounds in the South African Muslim community. In consequence the entire Shatfah is misunderstood and misrepresented. It is my fervent hope that this study redresses this problem to some extent and induces others to produce further work on this topic. The Prophet (may peace be upon him) has reported to have said, "He who does not thank man has not thanked Allah." It is with these words of our master in mind that I acknowledge the efforts of all those who made this task possible. Firstly, I deeply appreciate the effort made by my teachers, and principal Moulana Cassim Seema of Dar al-Vitim Newcastle, who had guided me in my quest for Islamic knowledge and also to my sheikh of tasawwuf Moulana Ibrahim Mia for being my spiritual mentor. I thank my supervisor Professor `Abd al-Ralunan Doi at whose insistence this particular topic was chosen, and for the innumerable advice, guidance, and support afforded whilst the research was being undertaken. -
Aqeedah of the Imams of Ahl-Us-Sunnah the Correct and Upright Creed
Aqeedah of the Imams of Ahl-us-Sunnah The Correct and Upright Creed A Compilation of Books, Treatises and Statements of Great Imams of Ahl-us-Sunnah concerning Aqeedah (creed) Contents Imam Abu Hanifah (d.150H) .................................................................................................................................................. 4 The Creed of Imam Abu Hanifah .............................................................................................................................................. 4 al-Fiqh al-Akbar by Imam Abu Hanifah .............................................................................................................................. 14 Imam Malik Ibn Anas (d.179H) ........................................................................................................................................... 19 Imam ash-Shaafi’i (d.204H) .................................................................................................................................................. 28 The Last Testament of Imam ash-Shaafi’i ............................................................................................................................ 41 Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d.241H) ..................................................................................................................................... 44 The Creed of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal ................................................................................................................................ 44 Usool-us-Sunnah -
Pakistan-Iran Relations: Economic and Political Dimensions
About İRAM PAKISTAN-IRAN RELATIONS: Center for Iranian Studies in Ankara is a non-prot research center dedicated to promoting innovative research and ideas on Iranian ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL aairs. Our mission is to conduct in-depth research to produce up-to-date and accurate knowledge about Iran’s politics, economy DIMENSIONS and society. İRAM’s research agenda is guided by three key princi- ples – factuality, quality and responsibility. Amber Imtiaz Oğuzlar Mh. 1397. Sk. No: 14 06520 Çankaya, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 284 55 02 - 03 Fax: +90 312 284 55 04 e-mail: [email protected] www.iramcenter.org All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted without the prior written permission of İRAM. Perspective March 2019 Copyright Copyright © 2019 Center for Iranian Studies in Ankara (İRAM). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be fully reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, published or broadcast without the prior written permission from İRAM. For electronic copies of this publication, visit iramcenter.org. Partial reproduction of the digital copy is possibly by giving an active link to www.iramcenter.org The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of İRAM, its staff, or its trustees. For electronic copies of this report, visit www. iramcenter.org. Editor: Jennifer Enzo Graphic Design: Hüseyin Kurt Center for Iranian Studies in Ankara Oğuzlar, 1397. St, 06520, Çankaya, Ankara / Türkiye Phone: +90 (312) 284 55 02-03 | Fax: +90 (312) 284 55 04 e-mail : [email protected] | www.iramcenter.org Perspective Pakistan-Iran Relations: Economic and Political Dimensions İktisadi ve Siyasi Boyutlarıyla Pakistan-İran İlişkileri ابعاد اقتصادی و سیاسی روابط ایران و پاكستان Amber Imtiaz: Amber Imtiaz Amber graduated from the University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan with distinction in 2007 and was awarded a gold medal. -
Introduction 1 War During the Prophet's Lifetime
Notes Introduction 1. Johnson, Th e Holy War Idea, p. 21; Said, Orientalism; and Covering Islam. 2. Firestone, Jihād, p. 13. 3. Johnson, Th e Holy War Idea, p. 19. 4. Ibid., p. 22. 5. Ibid., p. 23. 6. Donner, “Th e Sources of Islamic Conceptions of War,” p. 57. 7. Firestone, Jihād, p. 13. 8. Martin, “Th e Religious Foundations of War, Peace, and Statecraft in Islam,” p. 108. See also Halliday, Islam and the Myth of Confrontation, p. 35. 9. Haddad, “Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm: Th e Islamist Perspective,” p. 256. See also, e.g., Otterbeck, “Th e Depiction of Islam in Sweden,” pp. 143– 156. Margaret Pettygrove indicates that “Th e demonization and reduction of Islam in popular American culture, particularly with respect to suicide bomb- ings and Political Islam, suggests that Islam is an inherently violent or extremist religion” (“Conceptions of War in Islamic Legal Th eory and Practice,” p. 35). See also Abu-Nimer, “A Framework for Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam,” p. 221. 10. Huntington, “Th e Clash of Civilizations?,” p. 48. See also Huntington, Th e Clash of Civilization and the Remaking of World Order. 11. See Buaben, Image of the Prophet Muh.ammad in the West, pp. 327, 329. 12. Watt, Bell’s Introduction to the Qur’ān, p. 182. 1 War during the Prophet’s Lifetime 1. See Watt, Muhammad at Medina, pp. 336–338; Watt, Muh.ammad: Prophet and Statesman, pp. 241 f. 2. Ibn Ish. āq, Al- Sīrah. 3. See Ibn Kathīr, Al- Sīrah, Vol. 1, p. 24. -
Urdu and the Racialized- Decastification of the “Backward Musalmaan” in India
Article CASTE: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 175–199 February 2020 brandeis.edu/j-caste ISSN 2639-4928 DOI: 10.26812/caste.v1i1.29 The Identity of Language and the Language of Erasure: Urdu and the Racialized- Decastification of the “Backward Musalmaan” in India Sanober Umar1 (Bluestone Rising Scholar Honorable Mention 2019) Abstract The decline of Urdu in post-colonial Uttar Pradesh has often been studied alongside the fall of Muslim representation in public services and the ‘job market’ in independent India. However, there remains a severe dearth in scholarship that intertwines the tropes surrounding Urdu as ‘foreign’ to India and the role that the racialization of the language played in insidiously collaborating with post-colonial governmentality which problematically ‘decastified’ and therefore circumscribed the production of ‘Muslim minority’ citizen identity. I argue that since the 1950s the polemics of Urdu and reasons cited for its lack of institutional recognition as a regional/linguistic minority language in Uttar Pradesh (until 1994) significantly informed the constitutional construction of ‘the casteless Muslim’ in the same stage setting era of the 1950s. These seemingly disparate sites of language and caste worked together to systematically deprive some of the most marginalised lower caste and Dalit Muslims access to affirmative action as their cultural-political economies witnessed a drastic fall in the early decades after Partition. This article addresses the connections between the production -
Transcript of the Spoken Word, Rather Than Written Prose
THE GUANTÁNAMO BAY ORAL HISTORY PROJECT The Reminiscences of Asim Qureshi Columbia Center for Oral History Columbia University 2011 PREFACE The following oral history is the result of a recorded interview with Asim Qureshi conducted by Ronald J. Grele and Kanishk Tharoor on May 30, 2011. This interview is part of the Guantánamo Bay Oral History Project. The reader is asked to bear in mind that s/he is reading a verbatim transcript of the spoken word, rather than written prose. 3PM Session One Interviewee: Asim Qureshi Location: London, United Kingdom Interviewer: Ronald J. Grele and Kanishk Tharoor Date: May 30, 2011 Qureshi: Who is leading the questions? Q: As I said, for the first part, we want to ask you about your early life. Who are you? Where are you from? Maybe not back to five years old, but around there, if you could tell us a bit about yourself. Qureshi: My name is Asim Qureshi. I am the Executive Director of Cageprisoners. In terms of my background, it depends on how far you want me to go back. I originally come from a Pakistani background. Both my parents are Pakistani. My dad was from a city called Faisalabad, what during colonialism was known as Lyallpur, after the colonialists. My mother was from one of the major cities, Lahore. My dad came here somewhere in the 1970s along with the rest of his family. The whole of my dad's side of the family have lived in the UK [United Kingdom] for many years. They are first generation immigrants. -
A History of God by Karen Armstrong
A History of God By Karen Armstrong A History of God By Karen Armstrong From Abraham to the Present: The 4,000-year Quest for God Contents: Book Cover (Front) (Back) Scan / Edit Notes Maps Introduction 1 - In the Beginning ... 2 - One God 3 - A Light to the Gentiles 4 - Trinity: The Christian God 5 - Unity: The God of Islam 6 - The God of Islam 7 - The God of the Mystics 8 - A God for Reformers 9 - Enlightenment 10 - The Death of God? 11 - Has God a Future? Glossary Notes Suggestions for Further Reading (Removed) Index (Removed) Scan / Edit Notes Versions available and duly posted: Format: v1.0 (Text) Format: v1.0 (PDB - open format) Format: v1.5 (HTML) Format: v1.5 (PDF - no security) Genera: History-Religion (Judaism, Christian, Islam) Extra's: Pictures Included Copyright: 1993 Scanned: August 9th 2003 Posted to: alt.binaries.e-book (PDF) and (HTML-PIC-TEXT-PDB Bundle) alt.binaries.e-book.palm (PDB-PIC-TXT Bundle) and (UBook) Note: 1. The Html, Text and Pdb versions are bundled together in one rar file. (a.b.e) file:///D|/Program%20Files/eMule/Incoming/History%20of%20God%20-%20Karen%20Armstrong/histgod.htm (1 of 198)6/29/2005 11:31:12 PM A History of God By Karen Armstrong 2. The Pdf file is sent as a single rar (a.b.e) 3. The Text and Pdb versions are bundled together in one rar file. (a.b.e.p) 4. The Ubook version is in zip (html) format (instead of rar). (a.b.e.p) ~~~~ Structure: (Folder and Sub Folders) {Main Folder} - HTML Files | |- {Nav} - Navigation Files | |- {PDB} | |- {Pic} - Graphic files | |- {Text} - Text File -Salmun -
1 Contemporary Wahhabism Rebranded As Salafism
FIl se peut q ue quelqu ’un d ise : FIl se peut q ue quelqu ’un d ise : Contemporary Wahhabism rebranded as Salafism: the issue of interpreting the Qur’anic verses and hadith on the Attributes of God and its significance Submitted by Namira NAHOUZA to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Arab and Islamic Studies, April 2009. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (signature) ......................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT This research studies the theology of those Wahhabis who have now named themselves Salafis. For the purpose of the study, they are referred to as the ‘Wahhabis-self-named- Salafis’ (WSNS). The thesis starts with the observation that the WSNS are usually studied from a political perspective, much less frequently a theological one. Recent research has identified that the theological background of all the different factions of the WSNS is one and the same. This is true for the WSNS who advocate a peaceful way to achieve their goals, as well as those who do not. This thesis aims to explore some of the theological issues that unify these factions. This research demonstrates that, because the WSNS are opposed to the very concept of interpretation of the Qur’an and the hadith, especially when these texts deal with important theological issues such as the Attributes of God, they have developed a vision of Islamic history which is entirely different from the one which had traditionally been accepted by most Muslim scholars and Western academics.