1938 League of Nations - Treaty Series. 291

1 TRADUCTION. TRANSLATION.

No. 4479. - CONVENTION 2 FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN RULES RELATING TO THE PRECAUTIONARY ATTACHMENT OF AIRCRAFT. SIGNED AT ROME, MAY 29TH, 1933.

French official text communicated by the Netherlands Miister for Foreign Affairs. The registration of this Convention took place November I9th, 1938.

His THE KING OF ALBANIA, THE PRESIDENT OF THE GERMAN REICH, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE FEDERAL PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA, His MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF BRAZIL, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHILE, THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONALIST GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA, His MAJESTY THE KING OF DENMARK AND ICELAND, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF EL SALVADOR, THE PRESIDENT OF THE SPANISH REPUBLIC, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND, THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, His MAJESTY THE KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND AND THE BRITISH TERRITORIES BEYOND THE SEAS, EMPEROR OF INDIA, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF GUATE- MALA, THE PRESIDENT OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS, HIS MOST SERENE THE REGENT OF THE KINGDOM OF HUNGARY, HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF , HIS MAJESTY THE , THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF , THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF NICARAGUA, His MAJESTY THE KING OF NORWAY, HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE NETHER- LANDS, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF , HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF ROUMANIA, THE PRESIDENT OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, THE CAPTAINS REGENT OF THE OF , THE SOVEREIGN PONTIFF, HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SWEDEN, THE SWISS FEDERAL COUNCIL, THE

1 Traduction du Gouvernement des Etats-Unis ' Translation of the Government of the d'Am6rique. United States of America. 2 Ratifications deposited in Rome : SPAIN ...... June 28th, 1934. The ratification by the Spanish Government of the present Convention applies also to the Spanish Zone of the Protectorate of Morocco. The Spanish colonies are excluded. GERMANY ...... February 22nd, 1935. ROUMANIA ...... March 23rd, 1935. ITALY (including the Italian Colonies and Pos- sessions) ...... September 29th, 1936. BELGIUM (including the Colony of the Belgian Congo and the Mandated Territories of Ruanda-Urundi) ...... October x4 th, 1936. HUNGARY ...... May 15th, 1937. POLAND ...... August 3iSt, 1937. THE NETHERLANDS (for the Kingdom in ) January 28th, 1938. BRAZIL ...... August 19th, 1938. Came into force January i2th, 1937. 292 Socie't des Nations - Recuei des Traites. 1938

TCHtCOSLOVAQUE, LE PRESIDENT DE LA RPUBLIQUE DE TURQUIE, LE COMITt CENTRAL EXECUTIF DE L'UNION DES R9PUBLIQUES SOVIItTIQUES SOCIALISTES, LE PRtSIDENT DES ETATS-UNIS DU VENEZUELA, SA MAJESTE LE ROI DE YOUGOSLAVIE, Ayant reconnu l'utilit6 d'adopter certaines r~gles uniformes en mati~re de saisie conservatoire des a~ronefs, Ont nomm6 A cet effet leurs pl6nipotentiaires respectifs, Lesquels, dament autoris~s, ont conclu et sign6 la convention suivante:

Article premier. Les Hautes Parties contractantes s'engagent h prendre les mesures n~cessaires pour donner effet aux r~gles 6tablies par la pr~sente convention.

Article 2. (i) Au sens de la pr~sente convention on comprend par saisie conservatoire tout acte, quel que soit son nom, par lequel un a~ronef est arrft6, dans un int~rt priv6, par 1'entremise des agents de la justice ou de l'administration publique, au profit soit d'un cr6ancier, soit du propri6taire ou du titulaire d'un droit r~el grevant l'a6ronef, sans que le saisissant puisse invoquer un jugement ex~cutoire, obtenu pr~alablement dans la procedure ordinaire, ou un titre d'excution 6quivalent.

(2) Au cas oii la loi comp~tente accorde au cr~ancier, qui d6tient l'a~ronef sans le consentement de l'exploitant, un droit de r6tention, l'exercice de ce droit est, aux fins de la pr~sente convention, assimil6 L la saisie conservatoire et soumis au r~gime pr~vu par la pr6sente convention.

Article 3. (i) Sont exempts de saisie conservatoire : a) Les a~ronefs affect~s exclusivement h un service d'Etat, poste comprise, commerce except6; P) Les a~ronefs mis effectivement en service sur une ligne r6guli6re de transports publics et les a~ronefs de r6serve indispensables ; c) Tout autre a6ronef affect6 A des transports de personnes ou de biens contre r6mun~ration, lorsqu'il est pr~t h partir pour un tel transport, except6 dans le cas o il s'agit d'une dette contract~e pour le voyage qu'il va faire ou d'une cr6ance n6e au cours du voyage. (2) Les dispositions du present article ne s'appliquent pas . la saisie conservatoire exerc~e par le propri~taire d~poss~d6 de son a6ronef par un acte illicite.

Article 4. (i) Dans le cas oil la saisie n'est pas interdite ou lorsque, en cas d'insaisissabilit6 de l'a6ronef, l'exploitant ne l'invoque pas, un cautionnement suffisant emp~che la saisie conservatoire et donne droit A la mainlev~e immediate. (2) Le cautionnement est suffisant s'il couvre le montant de la dette et les frais et s'il est affect6 exclusivement au paiement du cr~ancier, ou s'il couvre la valeur de l'a6ronef si celle-ci est inf~ieure au montant de la dette et des frais.

Article 5. Dans tous les cas, il sera statu6, par une procedure sommaire et rapide, sur la demande en mainlev~e de la saisie conservatoire. No 447) 1938 League of Nations - Treaty Series. 293

PRESIDENT OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY, THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF VENEZUELA, HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF YUGOSLAVIA, Having recognized the advantage of adopting certain uniform rules concerning the precautionary attachment of aircraft, Have to this end named their respective Plenipotentiaries, Who, being thereto duly authorized, have concluded and signed the following Convention:

Article i. The High Contracting Parties agree to take the necessary measures to put into force the rules established by the present Convention.

Article 2. (i) By precautionary attachment within the meaning of the present Convention shall be understood any act, whatever it may be called, whereby an aircraft is seized, in a private interest, through the medium of agents of justice or of the public administration, for the benefit either of a creditor, or of the owner, or of the holder of a lien on the aircraft, where the attaching claimant cannot invoke a judgment and execution, obtained beforehand in the ordinary course of procedure, or an equivalent right of execution. (2) In case the applicable law gives the creditor who holds the aircraft without the consent of the operator the right of detention, the exercise of this right shall, for the purposes of the present Convention, be the same as precautionary attachment and be governed by the r6gime contemplated in the present Convention. Article 3. (i) The following aircraft shall be exempt from precautionary attachment (a) Aircraft assigned exclusively to a Government service, the postal service included, commerce excepted ; (b) Aircraft actually put in service on a regular line of public transportation and indispensable reserve aircraft ; (c) Any other aircraft assigned to transportation of persons or property for hire, when it is ready to depart for such transportation, except in a case involving a debt contracted for the trip which it is about to make or a claim arising in the course of the trip. (2) The provisions of the present Article shall not apply to a precautionary attachment made by the owner of an aircraft who has been dispossessed of the same by an unlawful act.

Articla 4. (I) In case attachment is not prohibited or in case the aircraft is exempt from attachment and the operator does not invoke such exemption, an adequate bond shall prevent the precautionary attachment or give a right to immediate release. (2) The bond shall be adequate if it covers the amount of the debt and the costs and is assigned exclusively to payment of the creditor, or if it covers the value of the aircraft in case this is less than the amount of the debt and costs.

Article 5. In every case a judgment shall be rendered on a suit for release of the precautionary attachment in a summary and rapid procedure. No. 4479 294 Socidte des Nations - Recuei des Traits. 1938

Article 6. (i) S'il a 6t6 proc~d6 h la saisie d'un a~ronef insaisissable d'apr~s les dispositions de la pr~sente convention, ou si le d6biteur a dfi fournir un cautionnement pour en emp~cher la saisie ou pour en obtenir mainlev~e, le saisissant est responsable, suivant la loi du lieu de la proc6dure, du dommage en r~sultant pour l'exploitant ou le propri~taire. (2) La m~me r~gle s'applique en cas de saisie conservatoire op6r6e sans juste cause.

Article 7. La pr~sente convention ne s'applique ni aux mesures conservatoires en mati6re de faillite, ni aux mesures conservatoires effectu~es en cas d'infraction aux r~gles de douane, p6nales ou de police.

Article 8. La pr~sente convention ne s'oppose pas h l'application des conventions internationales entre les Hautes Parties contractantes qui pr~voient une insaisissabilit6 plus 6tendue.

Article 9. (i) La pr6sente convention s'applique sur le territoire de chacune des Hautes Parties contrac- tantes A tout a~ronef immatricul6 dans le territoire d'une autre Haute Partie contractante. (2) L'expression (( territoire d'une Haute Partie contractante ) comprend tout territoire soumis au pouvoir souverain, A la suzerainet6, au protectorat, au mandat ou h l'autorit6 de ladite Haute Partie contractante pour lequel cette demi~re est partie la convention.

Article Io. La pr6sente convention est r6dig~e en frangais en un seul exemplaire qui restera d6pos6 aux archives du Minist~re des Affaires 6trang~res du Royaume d'Italie, et dont une copie certifi~e conforme sera transmise par les soins du Gouvernement du Royaume d'Italie L chacun des gouvernements intdress6s. Article ii. (i) La pr~sente convention sera ratifi~e. Les instruments de ratification seront d6pos6s aux archives du Ministare des Affaires 6trangres du Royaume d'Italie, qui eni notifiera le d6p6t chacun des gouvernements intdress~s. (2) D~s que le d~p6t de cinq ratifications aura 6t6 effectu6, la convention entrera en vigueur, entre les Hautes Parties contractantes qui l'auront ratifi~e, quatre-vingt-dix jours apr~s le d~p6t de la cinqui~me ratification. Chaque ratification dont le d~p6t sera effectu6 ult~rieurement produira ses effets quatre-vingt-dix jours apr~s ce dp6t. (3) IL appartiendra au Gouvernement du Royaume d'Italie de notifier A chacun des gouvernements int~ress6s la date de l'entr~e en vigueur de la pr~sente convention.

Article 12. (i) La prsente convention, apr~s son entree en vigueur, sera ouverte h l'adh6sion. (2) L'adh~sion sera effectu~e par une notification adress~e au Gouvemement du Royaume d'Italie, qui en fera part h chacun des gouvernements int~ress6s, (3) L'adh6sion produira ses effets quatre-vingt-dix jours apr~s la notification faite au Gouvernement du Royaume d'Italie. o N 4479 1938 League of Nations - Treaty Series. 295

Article 6. (i) If an aircraft has been attached which is exempt from attachment according to the provisions of the present Convention, or if the debtor has had to furnish bond to prevent the attachment or to obtain the release thereof, the attaching claimant shall be liable in accordance with the law of the forum for the resulting damage to the operator or the owner. (2) The same rule shall apply in case a precautionary attachment has been made without just cause. Article 7. The present Convention shall not apply to precautionary measures prescribed in bankruptcy proceedings, nor to precautionary measures taken in case of violation of customhouse, penal or police regulations. Article 8. The present Convention shall not prevent the application of international conventions between the High Contracting Parties which provide for more liberal exemptions from attachment.

Article 9. (i) The present Convention shall apply on the territory of any one of the High Contracting Parties to any aircraft registered in the territory of another High Contracting Party. (2) The expression " territory of a High Contracting Party " includes any territory under the sovereign power, suzerainty, protection, mandate or authority of the said High Contracting Party, for which the latter is a Party to the Convention.

Article io. The present Convention shall be drawn up in French in one original copy which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Italy, and of which a duly certified copy shall be sent by the Government of the Kingdom of Italy to each of the Governments concerned. Article ii. (i) The present Convention shall be ratified. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited in the archives of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Italy, which shall notify each of the Governments concerned of the deposit thereof. (2) As soon as five ratifications shall have been deposited, the Convention shall come into force between the High Contracting Parties which shall have ratified it, ninety days after the deposit of the fifth ratification. Each ratification which shall be deposited subsequently shall take effect ninety days after such deposit. (3) It shall be the duty of the Government of the Kingdom of Italy to notify each of the Governments concerned of the date on which the present Convention comes into force.

Article 12. (I) The present Convention, after its coming into force, shall be open for accession. (2) The accession shall be effected through a notification addressed to the Government of the Kingdom of Italy, which shall inform each of the Governments concerned. (3) The accession shall take effect ninety days after the notification made to the Government of the Kingdom of Italy. No. 4479 296 Sociti des Nations - Recuei des Traitis. 1938

Article 13. (i) Chacune des Hautes Parties contractantes pourra d6noncer la pr6sente convention par une notification faite au Gouvernement du Royaume d'Italie, qui en avisera imm~diatement chacun des gouvernements int~ress~s. (2) La d~nonciation produira ses effets six mois apr~s la notification de la d~nonciation et seulement A l'6gard de la Partie qui y aura procd6.

Article 14. (i) Les Hautes Parties contractantes pourront, au moment de la signature, du d~p6t des ratifications, ou de leur adhesion, d~clarer que l'acceptation qu'elles donnent ! la pr~sente convention ne s'applique pas A l'ensemble ou h toute partie de leurs colonies, protectorats, territoires d'outre-mer, territoires sous mandat ou tout autre territoire soumis leur souverainet6, autorit6, ou suzerainet6. (2) Les Hautes Parties contractantes pourront ult~rieurement notifier au Gouvernement du Royaume d'Italie qu'elles entendent rendre applicable la pr6sente convention l'ensemble ou A toute partie de leurs colonies, protectorats, territoires d'outre-mer, territoires sous mandat, ou tout autre territoire soumis A leur souverainet6, autorit6, ou suzerainet6 ainsi exclus de leur d~claration originelle. (3) Elles pourront, h tout moment, notifier au Gouvernement du Royaume d'Italie qu'elles entendent voir cesser l'application de la pr~sente convention A l'ensemble ou toute partie de leurs colonies, protectorats, territoires d'outre-mer, territoires sous mandat, ou tout autre territoire soumis h leur souverainet6, autorit6, ou suzerainet& (4) Le Gouvernement du Royaume d'Italie notifiera A chacun des gouvernements int~ress~s les notifications faites conformment aux deux alin~as precedents.

Article 15. Chacune des Hautes Parties contractantes aura la facult6, au plus t6t deux ans apr~s la mise en vigueur de la pr~sente convention, de provoquer la r~union d'une nouvelle conference inter- nationale dans le but de rechercher les ameliorations qui pourraient 6tre apport~es A la pr~sente convention. Elle s'adressera dans ce but au Gouvernement de la R~publique franqaise qui prendra les mesures n~cessaires pour preparer cette conference.

La pr~sente convention, faite A Rome, le 29 mai 1933, restera ouverte iLla signature jusqu'au premier janvier 1934.

En foi de quoi, les pl~nipotentiaires ont sign6 la pr~sente convention.

Pour l'Allemagne : Unis d'Amrique L l'exclusion du territoire de Reinhold RICHTER. l'Alaska. Dr WEGERDT. John C. COOPER. Dr ALBRECHT. JAECKEL. Dr jur. Otto RIESE. John Jay IDE.

Pour les Etats-Unis d'Amerique Pour l'Autriche La d~l~gation des Etats-Unis d'Am~ique d~clare que la convention s'appliquera seule- GRUENEBAUM. ment dans les limites continentales des Etats- STROBELE. No 4479 1938 League of Nations - Treaty Series. 297

Article 13. (i) Any one of the High Contracting Parties may denounce the present Convention through a notification made to the Government of the Kingdom of Italy, which shall at once notify each of the Governments concerned. (2) The denunciation shall take effect six months after notification thereof and shall operate only with respect to the Party making the denunciation.

Article 14.

(i) The High Contracting Parties may, at the time of signature, deposit of the ratifications, or accession, declare that the acceptance which they give to the present Convention shall not apply to all or to any part of their colonies, protectorates, overseas territories, mandated territories, or any other territory under their , authority or suzerainty. (2) The High Contracting Parties may subsequently notify the Government of the Kingdom of Italy that they intend to render the present Convention applicable to all or any part of their colonies, protectorates, overseas territories, mandated territories or any other territory under their sovereignty, authority or suzerainty so excluded from their original declaration.

(3) They may, at any time, notify the Government of the Kingdom of Italy that they intend to have the present Convention cease to apply to all or to any part of their colonies, protectorates, overseas territories, mandated territories, or any other territory under their sovereignty, authority or suzerainty. (4) The Government of the Kingdom of Italy shall inform each of the Governments concerned of the notifications made in accordance with the last two paragraphs.

Article 15. Any of the High Contracting Parties shall be entitled, not earlier than two years after the coming into force of the present Convention, to call for a meeting of another international conference in order to consider any improvements which might be made in the present Convention. To this end it shall communicate with the Government of the French Republic, which will take the necessary measures in preparation for such conference.

The present Convention, done at Rome, May 29th, 1933, shall remain open for signature until January Ist, 1934.

In testimony whereof, the Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Convention.

For Germany : the United States of America exclusive of the Reinhold RICHTER. territory of Alaska. Dr. WEGERDT. John C. COOPER, Jr. Dr. ALBRECHT. JAECKEL. Dr. Jur. Otto RIESE. John Jay IDE. For the United States of America For Austria The Delegation of the United States of America declares that the Convention shall GRUENEBAUM. apply only within the continental limits of STROBELE. No. 447) 298 Socidte des Nations - Recuei des Traits. 1938

Pour la Belgique : Pour la Norvdge : H. DE Vos. M. MJOELLNER. Pour le Brsil : Pour la Pologne : Alcibiades PE ANHA. Lon BABINSKI. Trajano MEDEIROS DO PASO. Pour la Roumanie : Pour le Danemark : D. I. GHIKA. L. INGERSLEV. Al. Carntacuzino PASCANU. Knud GREGERSEN. Et. VERON. Pour El Salvador : Pour Saint-Main: A. SANDOVAL. GozI. Pour l'Espagne : Juan F. DE RANERO. Pour la Suisse Alejandro ARIAS SALGADO. F. HESS. CLERC. Pour la France : A. DE LAPRADELLE. Pour la Tchicoslovaquie George RIPERT. SZALATNAY. jur. NETIK. Pour la Grande-Bretagne et l'Irlande du Nord: Dr J. A. H. DENNIS. Pour la Turquie : A. W. BROWN. H. VASSIF 8/6/33. Pour l'Inde : Pour la Yougoslavie : A. H. DENNIS. D. KASSIDOLATZ (9 /VIII/I 9 33). A. W. BROWN. Pour le Guatdmala : Pour le Honduras : J. HERRERA. Augusto Guglielmo TUCCIMEL (I2/X/I 33). Federico G. MURGA. 9 Pour l'Italie : Pour la Hongrie : A. GIANNINI. Andr6 DE HORY (18/XII/I 9 33). Pour la Lithuanie : Pour les Pays-Bas : V. CARNECKIS. J. PATIJN (3o/XII/1933).

Certifi6 pour copie conforme Le Secritaire giniral du Ministire des A//aires dtrangires des Pays-Bas, A. M. Snouck Hurgronje.

NO 4479 1938 League of Nations - Treaty Series. 299

For Belgium: For Norway : H. DE Vos. M. MJOELLNER.

For Brazil : For Poland : Alcibiades PE ANHA. Lon BABINSKI. Trajano MEDEIROS DO PA(O. For Roumania : For Denmark : D. I. GHIKA. L. INGERSLEV. Al. Cantacuzino PASCANU. Knud GREGERSEN. Et. VERON. For El Salvador : A. SANDOVAL. For San Marino GozI. For Spain : Juan F. DE RANERO. For Switzerland Alejandro ARIAS SALGADO. F. HESS. CLERC. For France : A. DE LAPRADELLE. For Czechoslovakia George RIPERT. SZALATNAY. For Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Dr. Jur. NETIK. A. H. DENNIS. For Turkey : A. W. BROWN. H. VASSIF 8/6/33. For India : For Yugoslavia : A. H. DENNIS. D. KASSIDOLATZ (9 /VIIT/1 933). A. W. BROWN. For Honduras : For Guatemala : J. HERRERA. Augusto Guglielmo TUcciMEL (I2/X/I ). Federico G. MURGA. 93 3 For Italy : For Hungary : A. GIANNINI. Andr6 DE HORY (I8/XII/I 9 33 ). For Lithuania : For the Netherlands : V. CARNECKIS. J. PATIJN. (3 o/XII/I 9 33 ).

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