10 Neecember 1944

CHAPTRS VII

TH GUERRILhA RESISTANCE MCVEMENT CNEGROS 10 neecember 1944

.SECTION I. GENERA.L BACKGROiJND:

The growth of the guerrilla organization on Negros is the story of the birth of small units, struggle for island command and the final emergence of Lt. Col. Salvador ABCEDE as the accepted and recognized commander. The struggle over the island command was bitter and prolonged. It was not settled completely until late 1943 but, since, the quarrels' have been almost forgotten.

The terrain of Negros has not lent itself well to maintaining a coherent organization. The island is a. fertile horseshoe plain around a rough interior and south coast of mountains. The Japanese occupied this plain and the guerrillas were driven to the interior into three separate areas, north, central (east' and west slopes) and the south. Supplies were poor and communications between areas were disrupted almost entirely by mountains and absence of rpd.ios. Thus limited and immobilized, the guerrillas suffered proportionately more from Japanese terror raids and de--* structive attacks than they did on Panay, Mindanao, Samar or even Luzon.

Recognition of the organization under Lt. Col.ABCEDE and the shipment of supplies and radios has enabled a fairly well knit organization to be bitilt up. in spite of these difficulties.

SECTION. II - HISTORY OF GL RRI1 ILA UITS:

ABC ,= * This guerrilla unit Was organized in the central and southern Nlegros Occidental area in July 1942 under command of Lt , -Col. (thenCapt. ) Salvador ABCEDE, 0-1520, PA. ABCEDE had been a Battalion Commander in the area under Col. -IILSXAN at'time of surrender and this battalion formed the nucleus -of 'the guerrilla unit centered in the vicinity of Kabankalan. Maj .(then Capt.). Enrique TORBES, one- of the best fighting commanders on Negros, organized another unit in the vicinity of 3inalbagan under ABCIEDE.. Miuch JSAF equipment was saved and the unit, with 600 rifles, was the best armed of the original guerrilla groups, and the largest. . Many of the officers and men came from the plantations in the vicinity and the unit never wanted surrlies. When the guerrillas were forced back into the hills,.many of-these families evacuated with them but maintained contact with supply sources in the lowlands. The first engagement of the unit with the Japanese took place at Buenavista in early August 1942,

ABCEDE was a classmate of Col. PERIATA, guerrilla commander on Panay, and the two were friends. When PEBAiTA commenced organization of his IVth Philippine Corps in November 1942,' ABCEDE joined and was appointed commander -of Negros and promoted to Itt. Col. by PEALTA..- AB30Es force then totalled 7,000 men...ABCEDE tried to extend . rALTAA' s influence' and may have enlisted the support of Lt.' Go). I'4ATA in northern Negros. ABCEDE also attempted to contact AUSEJO in southern Negros for the same purpose. AUSEJO hsad already joined FERTIG on Mindanao, and negotiations were further discouraged- by the difficult 'overland communications between Oriental and Occidental Negros. -ABCED's association with the ZVth Philip-ine Corps ended with'the dissolution of the Corps in-January 1943 and PERAIJTA then began to back ABOBDE as 7th MD odmmander.

r 69 _1- In the meantim~e, Japanese .ressure increased in the Tabanka.lan-- Binalbagan area and. A]3CDE and his men moved further south into the hills and finally to the south coast. Maj. VILLAIvIOR arrived in that area in January 1943 from SWPA and ABCE1E became one of hi's chief' supporters, throwing his entire organization to the dis'posal of Maj. VILI4AMORl for the accomplishment of his .mission;

A23CEDE is about 31 years old,. born in Zambales.; father is a machinist in the Olanga-po N~aval Yar~ds,. and A3CEDE came early- under American influence. He graduated from the Jniversity' of. the Philli-oines in 1936 and. held a reserve comnmission; was co inissionted in the PA in 1939, and was ROTC co1rmandajit at Silliman University for two years 'before vrar broke out. ABEEisurrender onwl and has riealways ledn hisoptn.H men ,into theraie~ifreeryafter attack.. He is aggressive, and often given to snappy judgments but is never afraid 'to admi.-t mistakes. H~e is hearty and. frank and welliliked throutou~t Negras since his appointment to District Coymmandler in.1943., His travels about the island have been extensive, and have enabled him to keen close touch with the guerrillas. He has kept himself free from politics. die men respect hiim, and being a, strong dlsinlinarian he "dealsdirectly and decisively with, trouble when it arises. He was appointed Acting Commander 7th iV' in July 1943 and the appointment confirmed. in P"arch 1944; -promoted. to Lt. Col. in,October 1944.

MvATA: The guerrillas in northern Negros :were organiizedi in mid.- 1942 by Lt. Col. (then Capt..) Ernesto :S. A' A, 0-1550, PA. MDATA is about 29 years old, graduated PM'A 1937. and w=a Bai.;t ion Commane- n'nrhr Nersunder Col. ISi' at the t i'e. of surren~der. He reorganized the battalion after surrender and this ;formed the base' of his unit.. Next to, ABCEDE this was the best armed force in N\egros. He is bel ieved to be a good officer, isyoung, brave. and believed to be -well liked.. He. is report eci. to be a good organizer, but has been ham-merecd by want of competent junior. officers .and the eff iciency of -the orgiizat ion was never excellent as a result. I~ATA. has, bee~n always aware of this and has constantly changed and. tried new officers to improv'e his organization.

MuATA seen s to :hare been very. difficult to become acquainted with and kept inform~ation on his organization fairly close. This and tenuous. communications with southern, Niegros where S S'A. contact was maintained has tended to isolate -the organization and little has been known of its.activities except that, it did inflict -much d-1 1nJaaeeintlaiosi h Bacolod area and' near ffabrica and was a.large factor' in the failure of Javanese plans to, grow fooD and~ cotton in 'northern Negros.. iiaj. -:ldrico BACLA' )ii and .viaj. Luis. 3MiL0O' were prominent early leasers in. YATA'sa guerrilla force:.

Lt0. XCEDE and Lt. Col. 1i'iATA had been coo'erating somewhat in fecember 1942 and both went to Pa~nay to see Col. 'FRAIJTA, in connect ion with the IV Phillispine Corps:.. Col. DELLTA ap-no inted tA. Col. ABCEDE as CO of. the pproosed 72nd Division (ivegros). Lt. Col. MATA agreed toebecome Chief. of 'Staff .and a regimental commasnder. Later the 73rd 'Provisional Division was organized in Negros Oriental and 11'4TA was made- Chief of Staff, in 'the District Headquarters' and has been continuing duties as CO 72nd Division until a replacement is found..

IROA DO: Ta.er enegildio PRCADO co .mand:e .guerrilla act ivi- ties in the area Guihulngan a~nd. northwards in NegroO-Qriental in May or- June 1942 and. was thus [one of the first guerrilla leaders on Negros. .He joined -forces with GA DORt s co .m-and. about September 1942 but withdrew with his men .the next month over some un1'nown dismute and thereafter was at 0dci~5 with JA'DOR. MERCADO remained independent of other Negros co-m.mand~s untilt'l.ate 1943 though he is believed, to have had. some association with guerrillas in'northern Negros Occidental. ,'ye is reported tohave remained aloof from the .7th Q Command honing for abetter position than was offered him., In September-October 1943, 'u7RCADO joined the 7th 'D~Command and is- now CO of the 72nd F.A Regt (East Negros sector) ,72nd Divis ion. 'RCA.DO is about 30 years old, was classmate of Col.: PERALTA (Panay) in' the Infantry School and. was for a time instructor in Cuihulngan.

PURIG: This is a lawless band' in the hills to the 'west of Vale- hermoso,, Negros Oriental, and. San. Carlos, N'egros Occidental. There seems- to have been' two brothers leading the unit, one a former Pfc it the Philip- pine .Ar tr who was known as PUKING (Casiong GEMILLAN'f) and the other an illiterate ex-convict by the name of Margarito GEMILLAN. PUKING is reported. to have been killed. by AMP!'D's men. 1Nargarito GEi ILLAN has been reported since by several sources as the piresent commander of the unit. Other -persons attached to this unit are Torribio TRASNMO1T, attorney, now surrendered and. puppet mayor of Guihuingan; Cat. W. . WILSON, former US Armyr Sgt., was 'second. in command, now, evacuated to the-USA; LISO1NDRA., identity unknown,; " and. tvr. Yiantuel. P. TRINIDAD, pre-war attorney-, surrendered to the Japanese in.January 19440

The size of the un~it is u~nknow~n but there were aporoximately. 50 weapons in their possession, ca.ptured. from a USAFFE truck before surrender. They have attcked the Japa.nese and. have also Interfered with nearby guer- villa activity and. nole sued., civi14 aIn in the vicinity. The PURIN G guerrillas my at one t ime have had some connections with GADORt s men in central iegro~s Oriental. It was dispolved. in September 1944 and. the mnn fled. to Cebu.

GQR;This, gu.errila organ} at in controlled the area between Concepcion and.J7 irta ., 1egros ori.ental', and. was- under Lt, 0C1. Gabriel GADOR, 0--l gi, P4. 'GAD OR was Assistant Iis pector General of the PA just prior to the war; was District Qomm~ander 7th N-. (Negros and, Siquijor) when war broke ou~t; is n40w55nyeats old.,

it ap~oears that Gen. Si ARP, USA'FE Commander at Dansalan, Lanrao,, removed .QAQR from co? rand 7th 14D becau se of dff culties with his junior officers, but. retaine4 14mI on his .staff in Nindeanao, G.DOR claimed later that Gen. SAPB gave him written orders to retur'n to the Visayan to organize guerrilla, operations there..,de returned to Negros in-June 1942' but stayed in the Negros hills untJ. other guerrlila organs at ions began to grow up in August-~eptember 194, ADQR then set himself uxp in central i\Vegros Oriental.; Mvaj. ' vZRQAP.Q in northern. Neros off ired. GADOR com~mand of his unit, about this time., GADOR gl~adly aocepted and. shortly his organization became well established. :ny vir~tue of hi.s locat ion- GADOR was able to and did. obstruct .and. interfer'e with surrounding organizations seriously. Hie took advantage of disagreements in these organizations by offering attrac- tive appointments in hi.s organization, and. by assigning his me~n to commands in these neighboring areas., The original commands were ehuc forced into open conflict with GADORt s men in order to maintain their integrity.

The internal discipline. aned Qoganization, in the area seems to have been farily good.. there were training schools, which taught mostly~ marks- manship. Defenses and com unicat ions were organized and the peoole in the area appeared. to be lyal to &A7O1s civil government. There is record o.f little actual gnagerment with the serd.e; rather, most armed. activity seems to have been directed. against, neighboring guerr'illa units over self ish and. petty matters to further.G4 O 'tsambitions. The strength of the unit may have b eerg as high as 2, o O but they; were poorly .meal.

BEL~L in southern Negros offered GADQ.R cormand. in Negros in 19,42 but GADOa refused. 4ke BELL, Lt. Col,. A3QE i, then commandi~ng in N~egros Occidental, asked OADOR to take com~mand of N~eros. GADOR refused. in both instances on the. grounds that he did, not want to be r~soons bl e for ore- viou.s incidents ;among guerrillas. lie stated. he would. talce command,only on the orders of the War' Department or $WPA~ Then when Z t. Col. ABOEDE attempted. 'to unite the Negros guerrillas in Novo- ec 1942 under- MUMJT' s IVth Philippine Corps, GAI QR issued. ar'ernorandurn (11 Dec l342) assuming commanding of Nvegros, pr'ed Gated on the sup~aosed adersof Gei. SH{ARP: His purposes were not clear on this zttter and. his duplicity at once antagonized -other gtw' ta -leaders..

71 I A letter was then received by GAJDOR from Lt. Col. W. W. FERTIG, on Mindanao, in January 1943, in-which FERTIG announced himself as Com- mander of Mindanao- and; Visayan guerrillas and. asked GADOR to comes to Mindanao to discuss. his part in this prganiznation. GAJJOR. since he was~ senior to FERTIG, immediately appointed himself commander of the Philip- pines, with rank of M~ajor General. GADOR informed FZRTIG and all Negros guerrilla leaders that he was assuming this command but all ignored him since they knew he had no authority from higher headquarters. About this timne GADOR began to place relatives and close friends, with little or no training, in positions above his good officers. This, with GADOR's ambitions, began tb arouse a feeling of resentment and oppoa. sition amonig his off'icers. MEROADO had already withdrawn his men from GADOR' s organization in October 1942.

On 7 April 1943, Raj. 'flLLAMOR, then in southern Negros, on a~ special mission -from $VWA. sent. a message to all guerrilla leaders on N.egros appealing for cooperation among the variouis leaders. GAJJOR refused to believe that -VZZLMOR.had authority and. did. not reply but reitereated his claims to command by virtt.e of his seniority. This decision further antoganized his officers, who were anioeus to be members of a recognized organization.

V'iaj. VILLAMOB was appoinited temporary CO of the 7th MD2 on 14 M4ay 1943, anid la ter in May called, a conference on Negros leaders. After much pressure from his officers, CGAfOR went but took his. entire staff and ,a large number of guards with him, forting a. procession that attracted much attention and whpse movemnts' were actually pubicaized by him. On 26 June, shortly after GAflOR arrived at VILLA1iORI s headquarters, the Japanese landed in the immiediate vicinity and penetrated into security areas. GADlOR and most of his men f)~ed without assisting in the, loccal defenses though he had a position assigned, At the' conference GAJDOR accepted. the post of Executive Officer in the 6th MD headquarters but resigned when he fled, and- resumed his opposition activities. On 8 July 1943, Lt. Col. ABCEfl was appointed acting Commander of the 7th MD and when he ca .led a conference in -early September 1943 to develop a'pl.an of organization satisfactory to all leaders on Negros, and. particularly to reach a mo~re amicable soluition on the seniority problem. GADOn. refused to attend bu~t c-ontinued obstructive tactics and expansion of his opposition organizaton In December 1.943, rumors of mass attacks on GADOR reached his ears and 'then Lt .OCa, -ASIIJLA. GADOR's former Chief of Staff., executed a coup and replaced ' A QRADOR fled to Bohol with a few officers and men, and ,ASTL4brought the remaining organization under- the 7th ND Comm~and. The guerrilla unit on oho . was under the command of Ilaj. Isamael P,. I1GI IO, .who had formerly been a junior officer under GADOR and who has recognized GADOR as commander of 1Negros Oriental.

When GADlOR arrived..on Bohol he received a letter sent from S1IPA in October 1943 directing him~ to report tb SW?1A through 7th MD radio. He replied by radio through. the Bohl comnmand that he had caome to Bohol after receiving the SXJI'A leter ;on Negros and that he was awaiting further instructions. 1No reply was sent from SWPA&, and GADOR has not been heard from' since the Japanesee i.nded. in strength on Bohol. late in June 1944. Throughout the history. of his organization, GADOR showied himself to be unreasonable and unwi.lling to meet any other guerrilla leader on an equitable working 'basis-. He demanded resp'at and authority without recognizing the claim~ of others, and was unscrupulous in seeking his own ends. his behaviour earned him the rid .cu:e of guerrilas throughout the Visayas and ulti.mately est him the loyalty of most of his officers Personnel WnQWn to have been in the organization are as follows: ANTTON~IO, Capt. Eugenio Former Nayor of San Carlos; now with the 7th i"LDas Bn CO of the 77th Prov. Regt. ASIS, Sgt. de Constabulary Clerk; leader of an early guerrilla band around Tanjay~ and an unscrupulous killer; left GADOR before this organization collapsed and now ht. 7th MD.- A$PILTIA. Lt. Col. Julian C. Former Chief of Staff for GADOR, revolted and brought the unit under command of the 7th H'; now Chief of Staff, 73rd Div. BAV RIA, Cape, Gador relative and conmmissioned by him, no. military training; was clerk in Dist. Engr. Office before war, W1as GADOR' s G.-4. DIOSAIJDO., ]TIaj. Luis Relative of GADOR: waas G--2 and possibly fled to Bohol with him, believed to be possibly executed.. ESTACIQN7, Capt. Former teacher at Silliman University, was for a time GAflOR' s second in .command; joined de ASIS, for a time;.present eac- tivities unknown. GQ3JX TLst ILt. Ale ander Now.rwith G.2,7th NO.' KAYANA., Iia j Corsino C. Came from Negros Occidental to join GaORinJl -- 1943; GADQR Regt. Cnm- mande inLibertad area; went to Bohol. IvLA IAS, N~a jx Alejandro las vuoiq, Stith 7th YID. DIERCAflO, Mj.' 4ree i do Left OXFIOR in October 1943 and now a commander under ABCLE. SALAZA, .I4JA . Jp se ctADOR' s Signal Officer; now 7th MD Signal Officer. SY, Capt, Antollano I'. GflOR1 s Adjutant General; presently on Bohol with GADOR. TEVES, Qapt, I1aer $rother of the former iiayor of Tan jay, G-2 for 0ADOR: present activities unknown, (has brother in , .BCEDE'e organi.. ration)?

Lt. Col. P. ATS ;J4 and iva. H LR. BELL ; On 26 May 1942 the Japanese landed at Dwnaguate', capital of 1\Tegros Oriental. This as the last province to ba ocupied. )wrxing hostilities elsewhere most of' the facilities and equipment front the town and and from Silliman University in Dumaguete had been moored to 'the hills, and after the Japanese landing at Dumaguete, many =ni ersit~y staff members took positions in the free government and guerrilla groups, andSi liman students and graduates were collet t ing into the nuclei. of guerr.la Bolo Battaions. The Silliman University influence in -the area was, in fact, largely responsible for the 'growth of a successful. resistance movement in the south Negros region.

Ix} the early stages of the Japanese occupation there was no organization among th , urrillas, although. the desire of the people to* resist was high; much equipment was available; and many unsurrendered soldiers were in the area. These soldiers wandered about and gradually drif ted into the several BoloB Tttalions then forming. or went to M~'r. BELL Is camp at MvalabQ, west of. fumaguete. he main hOolo Battalion leaders were Maj. B. N.T VILLQRIA. a former Sil24ga student a~nd ROTC instructor at Silli- man, and escaped. U$AFFE Lt. from - iindanao with an organization in the ialabo area; Capt, 'Felix E$ RAXDA, P.,' Reserve Offi er and -high school teacher in Dum aguere; Capt. Leon FTLQBS, former school teacher in Dhumaguete, PA Reserve Officer, with an organization to the'north of ? vmagtiete; Victor JOQ3NALZ$, escaped iEindanao UTS 'FEofficer (?) and former Silliman student; and Sgt. David CIRIIO4, PO., escaped liindanao U$AFFE soldier. One by one these leaders also went to 'Mr. BELL seeking leadership.

Mr. Renry Roy BEL was a well1known. and well liked American who. 'had been onl the Sillimari University staff since 1921. as Proffessor of Physics and for a time Ath~letics 7 .rector. It was he who organized evacuation of

- 73., university equipment. When the Japanese occupied Zumaguete, 1r. BEfLL and his family and. other Silliman staff members evacuated to Malabo and Lake Balinsasayao and assisted civil and guerrilla affairs in south Negros. It was natural that Silliman University graduates and students now in the guer=- rilla movement should come to Mr. DELL for assistance and on 20 August 1942 the guerrilla leaders in the area unanimously elected Mr. BELL to organize their forces. Mrz'. BELL devoted much time in, establishing an organization among them and also enlisted the support of MCanual SY CIP, Chinese merchant in Dumaguete, in obtaining supplies for the guerrillas.

After completing the initial stages of the organization, Hr. BELL sought a military officer of sufficient rank to command the unit. He first contacted Lt. Col. G.AJDOR, then in central Nregros Oriental and so far as is known not very active at that time. GADOR refused and Mr BE tL contacted Maj. Placido AUSEJO who accepted the command and formed the 75th Regiment with headquarters at Malabo in October 1942. There were 1,000 men in the regiment in early 1943.

Maj. Placido A. AUSEJO, 0-1213, PA, is about.51 years old; is a graduate of Silliman University:; went to.the Constabulary Academy in 1922 and was in southern Negros or kfiisammis Occidental (Mindanao) at the time of USAFFE surrender. He is diplomatic, mature in judgment and a good organizer, all excellent assets in stabilizing a guerrilla movement about to go ,wild. He was liked by the civilians and soldiers, and the '75th Regiment soon became well established and disciplined under his guidance. Later when Lt. Col. ABCEDE (then Capt. and junior to AUJSEJO) was appointed 7th ID Commander, AUSEJO accepted the appointment without complaint, and has since done good service with the 7th 1D Command as Dlistric(t G-3.

VILORIA became AUSEJO's Executive Officer, IBELL became Civil .Admin-' ittrator for south Negros and the mayors and officials of towns were persuaded to resume.-their posts. Dr. Jose G.RCIA of Dumaguete was performing valuabile medical service and became 75th Regiment Medical Officer. An orderly state of affairs existed at the time. Though the south INegros area was without money and had onlyr poor source'sof food, both of these were to be had on Mindanao, where Col. FERTIG was developing a guerrilla organization at the time. Mr. BELL went to Ccl. FEsRTIG in late 1942 and arranged for supplies of food and indanao Emergency Currency to be sent to Negros together with some military supplies, and' the 75th Regiment was attached to Col. PETIG's command where it remained until Maj. VILLAdOR was appointed temporary CO, 7th -ID, in May 1943.

The Japanese were confined to 'Tmaguete, Bais and. Tanjay at this time and comparative peace reigned until trouble began to develop with GADOs ambitions and methods of attaining his ends, control of neighboring areas. He interfered' particularly with communications which had to pass through his area to all parts of Negrosand Cebu. This dispute was the main bother to the 75th Regiment until the collapse of GADOR's organization in late 1943.

Since mid-1942, BELL had been attempting to contact the United States or Australia with the radio he had brought from Silliman University. He was assisted by a Lt. Louis VAX. an American mestizo from northern Negros. VAIL had had considerable radio experience before the war and had been commissioned 2nd Lt. by USAFFE before-surrender. VAIL escaped to the hills'from Fabrica, Negros Occident&l, after surrender and joined the guerrillas there'in June 1942. When he heard of Mr, BELL's activities in south Negros, VAIL and several others gathered salvaged. radio equipment and went to ir. BELL's headcuarters through numerous Japanese patrols on Negros and Cebu and in Tanon Strait. VAIL and BELL worked tirelessly to build a satis factory radio and to develop contact., Their constant calls went unheeded or unheard; their supplies were low and they were about to give up after six month's efforts. Guerrilla morale was also dropping since there seemed no hope of outside contact and encouragement. Contact was unexpectedly established in February 1943. This, together with the arrival of lviaj. VILLAMOR in southern N~egros on a special, mission from SW7PA, revitalized

74 - the organization. Mr. BELL subsequently became part of Haj. VILLAU,4OR t s organization as a iiajor. VAIL later became 73rd Division Signal Officer.

Mr. BLELL'S spirit, originality and organizing ability were the guiding strength in the'development of the guerrilla organization in this area and later in the establishment of the Negros Command, as Civil Affairs Director and finally as Chairman of the 7th ITD Research Board. He commanded the respect of soldier's and civilians alike; his work ores widely known and appreciated. The Japanese burned his camp in June 1943 and again in November 1943, when he narrowly escaped' capture. BLL and his family and other mecmbers. of the Silliman staff, moray of whom had been instrumental in the development of order in- southern Negros, were evacu.ated to Australia in early 1944.

$ioui~jor: The guerrillas on $iqui jor were originally two battalions under the command of haj. 3e :ito CTAN1\, retired 1,/S, Philippine. Scouts. These guerrillas drove offf Japanese landings several times begin- fling in August 1942 and killed the Japanese-anointed Governor. There were no Japanese troops on Siquijor from August 1942 until late June 1943. The transport, then bring troo ,s to Larena, Siqui jor. struck a mine that C1ThATAAS had' captured and placed in the channel. The vessel sank and many troops drowned. Other Japanese landed and the guerrilla organization dispersed.

When iarj. .USBJQ organized the 75th Regiment, in October 1942, CU TAI.Ai'~ was contacted and his unit becamne the 4th Provisional Battalion of the 75th Regiment, with CUAYTAN as Battalion Commnander. He held this post until June 1943 when Capt. Luis F MORGANI. PPTIG' s Chief of Staff on 4.Aindanao, contacted him while on a mission to extend FERTIG&1 s influence in the Visayan. This was just, prior' to the Japanese invasion of June 1943-. PiORGA1 appointed CI AIA1 commander of the 8th ,MD (Cebu and Bohol) for FRTIG, without authority from 1 TIG, 013 A 2.T went to Cebu and some mis- ~understanding between Cebu and the 10th I"ID developed. The matter was ironed out and C>iNAN4'T left Ccbu. lie is now Hq 'Commnandant, .e-ldquarters 7th hfl,

2nd Lt, Eduardo CQR.ISTELA is the' present comrmander of the, reor- . ganized Siqui:jor guerri],las which are designated Ii Company, 75th Regiment, 73rd, Division,

SECTIOIT III. 1kAJOR VILLAuiOR AIM ~THE D!$';ICT COii2:Ar

U'aj, Jesus A. VILLAiiQR., O'l58; -PA. 30 years old, was sent to the Philippinecs from $'JA on a spedi mission and arrived on southern Negros in January 1943, VILA OR has achieved fame in. air combat during the Philippine Campaign in 1942' and: was evacuiated to Australia before the USAF7B surrender. He had had considerale training in the United States, was well, educated and wel'connected in the Philippines. Although he was young and lacked elperience, l aj« IIIAOR-was capable and moved by in- tensely patrioti.c .motives,.

Among VIU,A R's instructions when he was sent to the Philippines- was advice to maintain aloaofniess from guerrilla affairs and to report objectively on gu~errilla. persona~iti es and organizations for use. in S111A decisions, lie arrived in T.egros at the tirre the organizations of AESE AIYSEJO andGWAO-R were full1 blown and PERUQ TA .and F: LTI'G were attempting to gain Control of Negz'os ,uerr44a aefairs. He perforce came into close contact with A14JEJ and AC and received cordial support from both and they camne to him for advice on conduct of their affairs. VIL AUQ reported conditions cavefully and advanced recommendations on the solution of local problems, particularly on the command situations, on supp;lies being scant the guerrillas, on his being given some authority to deal with som~e problems, anidon dealing with GADOR firmly . On none of these recomm enda.tions was action takeni at this time.. &DOR took advantage of the abosence of' affirmnation of VILT4u ORS s authority and became

75.. more defiant of local attempts to secure his cooperation in the settlement of the command question. His activities eventually threatened to disrupt AUSEJO's organization and intelligence communications with Cebu, undermined VILLAiiOR s prestige and his ability to carry out $WdPA instructions, and delayed the appointment of a commander on Negros.unnecessarily. To prevent open hostilities between GADOR and other-guerrillas, VILLAiOR suggested that he himself be appointed temporary commander .of the district. This was done in hay 1943.

In the meantime, PERAITA, actively backed MATA:. F~RTIG backed AUSEJO, VIILARiOR.backed ABCEDE and G~AfOR-loudly proclaimed, himself for recognition as permanent Iistrict Commander. VILIAiiOR managed to bring together iATA, A CIDE and AUSEJO under his command at the, tire, however, and secured GADOR's cooperation for a few.days.. GADOR withdrew his support shortly but many of his men ;became disaffected and later rejoined the District Command. VIILLAi'OR organized the District H.iedquarters, appointed a: Negros Civil Administrator (BEL.3tI~); organized a Research Board; and secured -authority for a civil government for free Negros under AIfredo MQITEIBATO, pre-war governor , of , egroe ;Occidental. In all this he received 'very. little outside support and was relieved in July 1943 when ABCEDE was appointed temporary Commander. A;C,E was supplied late, in 1943 but his command:was not confirmed until March 1944. He achieved complete command of Negros units by D'ecember 1943 when GADYR fled.

Alfredo MQNiTELTIBA1 is about, 36 years of age and. believed to be a wealthy planter in north1egros,. He is a politician, interested in power and self willed.. He was responsible for the organization of north Negros guerrillas.- together with lit., Col.i ATA,. assisting particularly in the pro- curement, of food and money for the guerrila organization. MvONTELIBAI O is reported- to be. aggressive, a tireless worker,,.and exacting in his de- mands for work done.. He apDarently has the popular support of the populace on Negros and is a program socialist fightijjgg'far. the welfare of the poorer class.

Ka 3j.VILiviOR'was evacuated to Australia in October 1943 and Lt. Col. Edwin ANsDRE IS, 0-1313,.PA, took-his place as special mission representative, and was assigned to the 7th 4 for control. LIt. Col. ANDREWS is an American mestizo., 39. years of age; graduated PC Academy 1927;. sent by Commonwealth Government to the United States in 1929 to study investigat-ion works and handwriting analysis with the Secre-t Service, Treasury Department, Washington., He returned to, the Philippines and was assigned to the'Intelligence Section,, PC; became air pilo.t in 1937; and was CO Zablan Field at 3ukidnon; took to the, hills after. surrender and joined guerrillas as Chief of Staff, Bukidnon-Cotabato Force under Col. FERTIG, CO M1iindanao guerrillas,, called him to 1Misamis in mid-1943. Shortly after, he crossed, to Negros to. join Maj. VILLAMOR as Camp Commandant.. ANDREWS has been well. trained and has had experience. He has been close to American influence and is appreciative of the treatment he received while in the United States. He is- sensitive to his mixed blood and when things are not going to his personal tastes,. often jumps to the conclusion that he is being discriminated against because of this.. Since his assignment to ABCEDE, ANDREVS has continued the work commnced by VZLLAMOR and acts as Lt.. Col. ABCZElE's forwarding agent for 7th MD. intelligence.

SECTION IV. CURENT SITUATION:

ABCEDE continued the development of the organization and the policies established b , VIXAiUiOR, always striving to improve its efficiency and stature and to increase its usefulness to SWPA in the planning and execution of the war.

. fter- ABCE3DE -took command in July 1943 Japanese raids and patrols became seriously active on the south coast from umaguete to Sipalay for the first time. This was the last unmolested area on the island, and what with heavy raids in. food producing areas of central Negros Occidental and. Oriental, and penetrating terror attacks on guerrillas in northern Negros., it seemed for a while that effective guerrilla organization would case. The resurcefuless -and tenacity of the leoaders and the people alone made their continued existene possible, and the organzation has

.. 6 :... apparently now enjjpyed. relative freedom from Japanese attacks for several months.

ABCEDE has surrounded himself with the ablest. officers he could find. Also, he consults with them and is not afrai3d to delegate authority ,to them, the result being that he has a staff which functions normally, and he has. found 'no necessity 'to build up a one man show. He has been well aware of the limitations of his 'own organization, and has admitted realistically that the Japanese can do anything they want to on Negros. He has therefore conserved his .far~ces and has sought to maintain the proper balance between a sufficient amount of action to keep up morale of offi'cers, men and loyal civilians, and over-aggressiveness which might invite strong retaliatory measures, He has dispersed organizatio±an skiplies as much as possible, has set up an, eff .ient warning service for Japanese raids and has been careful to develop as great a.secrecy discipline as possible. ABCEDB ha~s paid a~great deal of attention to development' of the intelligence network on .Negros, and has provided good coverage on current activities'. His men have also assisted numerous crashed Allied. pilots 'tosafety. Friendly relations have been maintained with the ' civilians; and the free civil government under .Ailfredo M0NT I3ANTO has been cooperative with the guerrilla organization.

American civilian personnel were of considerable. assistance in establishing the organization, bu~t their evacuation in 1943 and early 1944. has left the organization, an alos't entirely .Filipino.Kenterprise. The chief shortcoming of the 7th jvD is lack of competent and reliable officers. This was rticularly true 'inthe north but the situation exists throughout Negros. Politics are rife, ax~d many of the officers are:-not above appro-. priation of army supplies for their~ own purchases and aggrandizement of their positions for after the war.

Strength and Personnel Assi nments 7th ii

Resume District Strength: Officer s vi 7th Military District Hq CO Lt.Col. ABCEDE 0-1520 217 1193 72nd Division: 00 Lt. Co1. HATA 0-1550' 531 8663 Division kiq '190 0ff. 2237 EM 74th Infantry 1.48 1945 76th Infantry 111 2259 72nd FA Regt 82 2222 73rd. Division (Prov): CO 1D1aj C.. GALVEZ 0154? 175 2388 Division Hq. 37 Off 27 EM 7S .. Infantry 83 1586 77th Infantry 55 7 5 GRA1Ifl TOTAL 923 12.'1193

Personnel Assignments :. District Headquarters, Habankalan, N\egros Occidental: C0:; Lt. Col. Salvador ABCEDE, 0-1520, PA CJS-;.t ol,. Ern~esto S.> MATA, 0-1550, PA Adj:.M~aj.. Fidel SOLIVB1N, 0-1042,' PA G-1:. Capt. CGregorio TAROT G-2:; Maj. Rodolpho REYES G-3:: L1t. Col.a Plac ido A. " ALSEJO, 0--1213, PA (MvaJr ). G-4*4Ja j. Benjamin HOL2BEI.0 Dist D:' Lt. Col.: Romeo A. I1TENGAINT, 0--1537, PA Dlist" SG: kMaj.:Jose S.ALAZ3A Dist Fl: Maj. Rito L , DOMIITADO CO Dist; Hq tips:, Maj. Enriq~ue L.- TORRES, Sr.,

SOLIV N:' 34years old,: graduate- Ilocano University, Vigan, in 190.6; was Chief of Police in Bacolod before surrender. Joined gte rril las soon-,after surrender and- had radio station in the Northwest N~egros Sector in 1943... Is now District Adjutant' 7th MO).

REYES: was .a former laywver in' Bacolod. He i 9 eff iciert, exact- sometimes incognito. He gives all. possible attention to intelligence instructions and to improving the efficeincy of the 7th IM intelligence organization. Is now 7th MDG2

INTENGAY: 30 years old; graduated University of the Philippines in 1936 and went to the special army school in Baguio; permanent commission in 1939.. He was active in the early Negros Occidental guerrillas and .was carri.ed by PEBAIJTA on the rolls of the IVth Philippine Corps in Janu~ary 1943. Now 7th MD Finan~ce Officer.-

SALAZAR: Was Signal Officer with GAflOR organization; became dissatisf ied in mid.-1943 and left to join the, 7th 1,1M Command. Was made District Signal Officer.

DOiMiINADO:' 26 years old; great courage, was the best officer in the 7th Regiment under Lit. Col. ATTSEJO. He went into combat with his men) had a good head and was well liked. Hie .s -areserve PA officer and now District Field Inspector.

TORES: -Former civilian in Negros Occidental, organized a guerrilla group in the vicinity, of Bina b :gan in mid-1942 and jofined ABCEDE' s command. ,He is one of the host fighting commanders in Negros. and when ABCBDE'moved his headquarters tothe south coast, TORRES and his unit were moved along to protect the District Headquarters and security area-!s. In this capacity TOSRS and his men engaged in several sharp engagements with Japanese patrols and ere instrumental in preserving the safety of su: plies, papers and personnel on several occasions; is completely reliable.

72nd Division Headquarters, Canlaon Volcano area, Negros Occidental: CO: Lit. Col. Ernesto S.:. LATA, 0-1550, PA C/S : Pa j. Uldarico BACLAG0N, 0-1687, PA9 D C/S: iaj. Lues 3AYLiL Ad j Mia j.Jose J~i ALESA G-1: iaj. Gregorio CAFE 0-2: Capt. Mariano S. ABAYGAR G.-3: 1st Lit. Emilio 30RR0HEO, 0-1801, PA G-4: Maj. 'Jaime C. DACANAY

74th Infantry,, Northwest Negros Sector: C0; ita j. Luis BAYLiON Ex 0: Cap t. Rubi n ABAO Adj: Capt. Melchor IN\FANTE S=2 & 3: Capt. Se±'arin P. AI4OVA 5-4: Capt. Leon i'iO0YA

76th Infantry, Central N'egros Sector: CO0: M'aj. Abenir BOBNALES,1-0-1691, PA Exc 0: Capt. Joaquin VELARflE Ad j: Capt. Emilio GENOSA 8-2: Capt. Quirino BATOG S-3: S-4: Capt., anuel C. COBDERO

72nd Field Arty Regt.,East Negr'os Sector: 00: iia j. H.. Y. NBERC.ADO Ex 0: .Capt. Rustico PARAIJEJAS AMj: 2nd Lit. Geminiano H. ELECCION S-2~ 3rd Lit. Salustano PALI T&HE S-3: 1st Lit. Porifirio ALFO QUE 5-4: lst.Lit. Palagio YI LAY

EACLAGON: 26 years old, -graduated PHA 1940. He is very well liked by the civilians' and soldier's and is active in fighting the Japanese with his eoldiers., Now C/s, 72nd Division; trustworthy.

BAYLON: 28 years old, has been active with north Negros guerrillas since 194?, 'was Adjutant 72nd Division, now D C/S, 72nd Division.

78 - BORROMEiO: Youn~g but has seen action and shown much originality. He was in Luzon at the time of surrender of USAFFE and became associated with the remnants of FAKAR's 14th Infantry in Central Luzon in 1942. B0ORQ was in manila in January 1944 when the intelligence organization members of these remnants were being captured en masse and he escaped to Negros. He was also attached to the FiJ-American Gu~erril~la Troops. in the Mianila area, as Signal Officer. He seems to have been a friend of either Maj. VILL~A MOR or Lt. Col. AITT7DEXtS who suiperceded VILtLAP OR. Is now G-3, 72nd Division.

JAL.A1NDO-ON: He was CO of the 72nd Engineering Corps and went to considerable trouble attemipting to improve that organization. Ike is military,,active and hard working; is now CO of the Northeast Negros Sector.

SM1ITH: An American mestizo and branch manager of the Inter- national. Harvester Co. in Bacolod before the' surrender. Joined guerrillas soon after surrender and bias been active .since; now Executive Officer, Northeast. Negros Sector.

BO?TALES: 28 years old, graduate~d P'11 1940. He is capable, aggressive, most loyal and is well liked by his men. NTow CO 76th Infantry in Negros Occidental.

73rd Provisional Division Headquarters, west of Dumaguete: 00: ha j. Ceferino R. GALVEZ,O -1547, PA C/S: Lit. Col. Julian C. ASPILLA, 0-1324, PA , Adj : Capt. Ilimminado D.. TALE~ G-?: .Capt.. Galicano L. SIA G-3 : Capt. Jo se' GUI LLAITO G-4: Capt. Timoteo S. 03ACIIN Div SO: Capt. Louis NT. VAIL D'iv ±iO: Capt. Jose S. GARCIA

75th Infantry, South N\egros Sector: (HQ, in vicinity of Zambo ,nguita) 00: i~aj. Felipe LTJ3APON Ex 0: Ma j. Juan DOII\AJ)0 Adj: 2nd Lit...Cesario TUBAT S-2: 2nd Lt.. Apolonia B.- DIPhJTAT)O 5-3.: Capt. Francisco SARROSA S-4: 2nd Lit. Aod e sto MOE

77th Infantry: 00: Maj. Ceferino GALVEZ, PA Ex 0: Capt. Joaquin FOIDA Ad j: 2nd Lit. Venancio BAS DOQUILiLO S--2 & 3: lst Lit. Fracisco CAtAYES S-4: 2nd Lit. Ramon RI VERA

GAlIVEZ: 33 years old,, graduate P' -A 1937 and of Camp Murphy In- fantry School in 1940; regular commission 1939. At the outbreak of the war he was a 1st it. was- captured by the Japanese and later placed in the Bureau of Constabulary.- He escaped in late 1943 and joined the Negros guerrillas. N~ow commander 73rd Prov-isional Division in N~egros Oriental.

ASPIhLLA: 42 years old; graduated Constabulary Academy in 1928; believed to have been 1st Lit. when war broke out.. Became associated with GADOR in Negros Oriental and was appoirited hi's Chief of Staff ., ASPILLA was, one of the. first to rebel again'st GADOR and began cooperating with the 7th iLD command .in Ju~ly 1943, at' least. He' later is reported to have led an open coup and forced- GAD.Q0 to leavre N~o

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CHAPTER IX

TIHE GUERRILBA RESISTANCE MQOVEENT.. ON BOHOi 15 December 1944

SECTION I. GCTERAL BACKROUND

The commander of the small USAFFE garrison on Bohol, Capt. Victorian BLANCAS, surrendered to the Japanese early in 1942 and his Executive Officer and Adjutant, lst Lt. Jose M. MANEJA, succeeded to the command., WLAJA moved the remnants of the Bohol force to western Leyte for greater security, and reorganized them into a guerrilla force called "Camp Liberty", after their headquarters.

When the Japanese occupied Tagbilaran, the capital of Bohol,.in May 1942,. the Governor of the province, Agapito HONTANO5AS,.. became puppet Governor Loyal officials and patriots. went to the hills, and a number of informal guer-- rilla bands arose throughout unoccupied areas of the island. The largest and most active of there groups was the -"Behind the Clouds" unit organized in June 1942 in northern.Bohol, under the command of Z3td Lt.. Ismael P. NGENIERO. The group was active in northern and central Bohol, and may have harassed the Jap- anese to some extent. Another unit was 'the "E~ast Bohol Battalion", active in eastern and southern Bohol during mid-1942..

MANE.JA returned from Leyte in mid-1942 with the intention of organizing guerrilla resistance on Bohol and found these rival guerrilla groups unable to agree on a unified policy or command because of seniority disputes among the officers. However,.. all guerrilla leaders met at Bataan in November 1942, and agreed on INGENIERO as commander a' a u2uified Bohol guerrilla force; a free civil government was reestablished in the unoccupied area at the same time.. The achievement of this concord may have been due to loyal officials of the former provincial government, who still commanded considerable authority..

SECTION II. TIH BOHOL AREA COVINMATI':

The Japanese occupied Tagbilaran,.: the capital, as well as Panglao ,Island and Guid.ulman, where they worked the manganese mines. The rest of the island remained comparatively untouched by the enemy,-and the guerrillas, well supported by civilian population, were able tocperate freely.

ING1ENIERO assumed the rank of Major, and during 1943 was able to build up a fairly well-organized military unit on Bohol which was called BOPORCE,. set up headquaeters at Carmen, in the center of the island, and claimed authority over the pre-war 8th Military District, Cebu and Bohol. The Bohol unit organized on a regimental basis,-with attached battalions,- and.an intelligence net covering not only Bohol but CebuCity as well*- The organ-- ization was run in military mannet' with some formality, and guards and sentry posts were frfruent on the highways. Discipline was reported as good.- The former Volunteer Guard organized by Executive Order of President QEZON before the surrender was converted into a Bolo Battalion whose duties included mes- senger work, transporting supplies, and posting sentries on coasts, roads and. trails. A Vt"omen's Auxiliary Service"' (WAS) was created as a female counter- part to the Bolo Battalion; their duties were largely the production of clothing and quipment for the soldiers and the raising of funds by entertainment. An official organ, "Boos'and Bulletstr, edited by Attorney G. . LAVILES,-regularly circulated news and propaganda*., Despite this -outward show the military efficiency of the organization was questionable, and little action was taken against the enemy other than occasional ambushes and the gathering of intelligence. Some arms and ammunition were received from SWPA late in 1943.

The organization was recognized by SWPA as the Bohol Area Com- mand, with athority over the island of Bohol only and under the command of Maj. INGENIERO by SWPA (in D eceber 1943). .radio was sent for direct contact with SWA.

Chief officers of the organization are believed to have been as follows.

Commanding Officer Maj. Ismael P. INGENIERO Executive Officer Capt. Esteban BEBNIDO A.C.of S., G-2 Capt...H.J. ALANO, 0-1666, OS? Inf Adjutant Capt. Juan GAILIA Inspector 1st Lt. Jose 14. MANcJA Finance Officer Capt. Sergio JAMIJA Signl Officer Capt. &avino LAPUBA Engineer Lt. "Melanio LIGANT L aiton Off, to Cebu Lt.'c ABELLANA Liaison Off,. to Mindanao 1st Lt. Primo 0. PATIG-DAS CO, lst'Bn Capt. Vicente.K. NUNAG Ex 0 & Adj, 1st Bn Capt. Martin A. MAIWANAG S-2,, 1st Bn Capt, Washington PONCE S-3, 1st Bn Capt. Pedro MORALES 60, 2nd Bn Capt. Zoile EAGONOS 00, 1st NP Bn Lt. AlAe1rto D. DAROSIN CO, 2nd MP Bn Capt. Anastacio ,MAJNIGQUE CO, Bolo Bn Capt. Filomeno ZASRA.

SECTION III. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS:

When INGENIERO assumed command of theBohol forcese with the rank of Major, in Novemberl943, he was put in a position of authority over several officers whose official ranks were superior to his. This may have caused friction within the command, and there are indications that INGENIERO .maintained a close durveillance of these men lest they attempt to assume command.

Report's.have indicated the probability that INGEITIERO's regime maintained its authority by virtue of its close connection with the free civil government reconstituted in late 1942. Therehave been difficulties in the distribution of supplies from SWPA through Bohol to Cebu, and fairly reliable indications that the Bohol regime is concerned less with fighting the enemy than with aggrandizement of their political power, renown and economic well-being, even at the expense of the civilian population. Relations with GUSHING'-s Cebu Area Command were further strained,- due to differences on pointsof policy' and early conflicting claims to authority over the pre-war 8th Military District

INGENIERO formerly served under Lt. Col. Gabriel R, GADOR, who after surrender organized and led an'independent and uncooperative guerrilla group on the eastern coast of Negros. INGEL\IERO is described as a weak character, and inclined. to take orders from GADOR. who he alone recognized as commander of Negros Oriental;. When GADOR was driven from Negros in January 1944, he fled to Bohol and took refuge with INGENIERO, together with the remnants of his group, including Capt. IAYANAN, described as an undisciplined opportunist and unreliable.

Due probably to some or all of these factors, a plot to kill INGENIERO and replace him with a new commander arose among the officers of the command, in June 1944, and was frustrated only by the timely arrival at headquarters of Senator Carlos P. GARCIA, the backbone of the civil government on Bohol.. ,INGENIEPR.O's movements during this month are not clear. He was ,reported on Penr at Iq 6th Military District. early in the month.

_ 81 On 23 June 1944 strong Javanese forces landed at several points on Bohol.. There was little or no guerrilla resistance, and the Japanese were in all of the larger towns by noon of the first day. There patrols. penetrated all parts of the island during the following month, looting and killing, and thoroughly disorganized the guerrilla forces. The radio transmitter was captured, and possibly intelligence papers, but, most of the arms were hidden' and escapted. capture by the Japanese.

Secrecy discipline of theorganization had been reported as bad,. and it is known that the Japanese had obtained complete rosters of the Bohol guerrilla forces before their invasion through Senior Inspector UEGO of the puppet Constabulary. Shortly before their invasion many Japanese undercover agents from Cebu moved to Bohol, and at the same time BC's (members of the puppet Bureau of, Constabulary forces) surrendered and joined the guerrilla forces in Bohol.

The body,. of the Japanese troops left the island at the end of July, and the guerrilla forces started to reorganize under Capt. ]steban BERNIDO, INGNIEO' s second in command,. INGERNIERO himself returned during August or early September. Negotiations were started with guerrilla commanders in Cebu, Negros, and Leyte to obtain arms and ammunition and a radio transmitter, and at the end of September INGENIERO reported his organization intact and was resuming "resistance" against the small Japanese garrison left on the island. The battalions were reorganized into the 84th, 85th and 86th Regts, with a total reported strength of 8,000, probably poorly armed.

The Staff of the reorganized comr'and was:

Commanding Officer Maj. Ismael INGENIERO (Hq Carmen) Chief of Staff Maj. Esteban BBRNIDO Adj & G- l Ma j. Juan GALA G-2 Maj. 1eracleo J. ALANO, 0-1666, PA G-3 Maj. RAMAS G-4 Maj. SALAZAR 00, Engr Bn Cant. Luis CLARIN

84th Regt., H. Batuan CO: Maj. Sofio L. BAYRON 85th Regt., Hq. CJape .O: Capt. Vicente K. Nunag 86th Regt., Hq. Ipil, Talibon 00: Ma j. LAGAHIT

Co).. &ADORt s unit is still on Bohol between Efate and Inabanga and is known as the Negros Force. They are reported to be unpopular with the civilians as a result of their activities. GADOR went to Leyte in December 1944.

-) 82 - CHAPTER X

THE GUERRILLA RESISTANCE MOVEMENT ON MINDANAO AND SULTJ 31 January 1945

SECTION I. GENERAL BACKGROUND:

The guerrilla resistance movement in Mindanao is uunique in several respects. The movement-was guided and directed mainly by Americans; it organized shortly after the surrender of USAFFE forces; it was quickly supplied. i*th arms and ammuniton from SWPA; it develooed a civil admin-, istration parallel with its military organization, and in every respect justified. the confidence of the U.S. in the loyality of the Filipino people.

Conditions in Mindanao were favorable to the formation of a guerrilla. movement. A comparatively large number of Americans,. both mil i- tary and civilian, were available for such work. There were few casualties among Filipino milita.ry and civil leaders, most of whom cooperated 'uith the guerrillas. The island was large in area, with numerous isolated food producing sections and extremely'limited road nets. The cities (which the enemy occupied) were all on the coast - lavao, Cotabato, Zamboanga, Cagayan and Surigao. The enemy limited his activities to control of the cities and patrol of road nets and waterways. The hinterland, comprising ninety- five percent of the island, was free of enemy occupation or patrols. In effect, Mindanao, throughout the period following the surrender of USAFFE forces in May 1942, was ninety-five percent American territory with "Japa- nese guferrillas" occupying a few coastal cities.

The history of the guerrilla development is replete with confusion, jealousies, :misunderstandings and internal squabbles. These were inevitable in view of the poor and difficult communications existing on the island.. The fact that, most of the guerrilla leaders, organizaing their units in remote areas, were unknown to each other before the war merely added: to the mistrust and confusion. It is a tribute to the Americans and Filipino patriots that in spite of these difficulties, the island was welded into a military unit with a, minimum of internecine strife..

The Proclamation reproduced beow is the earliest written indi- cation of the movement which culminated in the formatio.n of the 10th MD:

UNITED STATES ARY FORCES IN THE PHILIPPLNES OFFICE OF THE COMMAiNDING GENERAL IN THE FIELD OF MINDANAO & SULU

18 September 1942

PRO CLAMAT ION

On September 18, 1942, our forces under Maj. L.L. MORGAN. completed the occupation of Misamis Occidental Province and Northern Zamboaga from the 'hands. of the Japanese Military Government, and raised the American and. Filipino flags therein. In behalf of the United States of America, the Philippine Commonwealth Government is re-established in these regions under the Military Authorities. All Civil Laws and regula- tions will be followed except in those cases where they conflict with :Military Laws. In such, cases Military Laws will prevail. This procedure shall continue to be enforced until such a timewhen it shall be declared suspended, or terminated.

fs/ W. W. FERTIG Brigadier General, USA. Commanding Mindanao & Sulu Force.

- 83 - SECTION II, THE 10TH MILITARY DISTRICT COMMAND AND CURRENT SITUATION:

The story of the formation of the Headquarters 10th Military District, the control agency for the Mindanao guerrillas (as differen-r tiated from combat guerrilla units),' is the story of Col. Wendell W. FERTIG.

He was an American mining engineer in the Phili-opines, called to active duty with the Corps of Engineers in early 1941, served ion Bataan, and was evacuated to Mindanao to continue airfield construction there about March 1942. Following the surrender of USAFFE forces, FERTIG, who was on an inspection trip at the time, went into the hills and stayed at Kolambugan, Lanao, Here he was contacted by a Cant, Luis P. MORGAN, and the organization of all guerrilla forces on Mindanao was begun.

Capt. MORGAN, an American mestizo, had succeeded in organizing guerrilla forces in Lanao and Misamis Occidental by September 1942. Lacking administrative ability, and'recognizing his limitations, he asked Col. FEZT IG (then Lt. Col.) to take command of the headquarters of the guerrillas and administer them, while MORGAN would assist consolidation of units in the field as FERTIGt s Chief of Staff, The Mindanao guerrilla headquarters was then set up at Misamis. Contact was slowly established with scattered-units, and small independent, guerrilla groups were consoli- datec. into larger organizations. Such consolidations required considerable tact, diplomacy and discussion.. F@RTIG won the loyalty and adherence of many leaders by such means and rarely hadto use force.

In February 1943 radio contact was established between SWA and Mindanao, and shortly thereafter, Col. FERTIG was officially recognized as the commtiander of the lOthe Military District (Mindanao: and Sulu). Sulu was later separated from the 10thl MD and placed under the command of Col. A. SUA2EZ,

Supplies to Mindanao: The existence of the Mindanao guerrillas was made known to GHQ, when Capt. H.AMbER and Capt. SMITH arrived in Australia from Mindanao in November 1942, bringing reports and' state- ments from the guerrillas.. The need for sup-lies was studied and a party with some equipment and supplies under Commander PARSONS as GHQ. observer was sent to Mindanao in February 1943. Commander PARSONS remained until July. This was the first shipment of supplies to the BhilIgnine and Commander PARSONS went ashore at Tukuran, Zamboanga, uncertain of conditions. He returned to the vessel at dawn with a lighter flying the American flag. Jniti-ally, supply shipments totalled only about seven tons'per trip. Later, more adequate means were made- available, and shipments were increased in size and frequency.

Themo~t notable landing took -place at sundown when a vessel tied up at a guerrilla held concrete pier, The guerrilla orchestra was out to greet the arrival and all hands iitched in to assist in the unloading of a record shipment, When the unloading was finished, coffee and sandwiches .were served,on board. The supplies were enroute to various parts of Mindanao by-sailboat, motor banca and truck the same nigh,

About 500 tons of supplies have been shipped to Mindanao since that first trip in February 1943. As local security and banca contact with other islands were excellent, Mindanao was developed as a suply base for other guerrilla units, particularly on Bohol, Leyte and Luzon. The Mindanao, guerrilla force is the largest organized unit in" the Philippines and is now the best equipped.

Instructons: Col. FERTIGwas designated CO of the 10th Milib tary District in February 1943 and then instructed to perfect his organization and to'develop his intelligenice net on Mindanao and Samar--Leyte.

84 Whin Commander ?ARSONS went to Mindanao; furti er instr itions were sent regarding the development bf the guerrilla organization andlocal supplies. Most important, plans were laid for the establishment of a radio net and coastwatcher system on Mindanao, and instructions were sent con-. cerning the preparation of secret airfields.

Current Situation: As soon as Col. FERTIG assumed command of the-guerrillas in September 1943, administrative units known as-divisions were established.'in the various natural geographic regions of Mindanao. The Philippine Islands had. been divided before the war into ten Military Districts. 'Philippine Army Divisions were organized, at least partially, in each District, i~e., 11th in the 1st District (Northern Luzon), 71st in the 7th District (Negros), and the 101st in the 10th District (Mindanao), The designation was therefore familiar and as the .Mindanao areas were organized, the terms, 1C5th Divison (Zamboanga), etc., were quickly accepted. The T/O for these units was based on the pre-war Philippine Army Reserve Division. The unite in order of their activation are: 105th, 108th, 109th, 110th, 106th, and 107th, The total -strength of the guerrilla organization is about 37,807 with equipment as follows: 45 pistols 974 45 revolvers 240 carbines 6, 285 rifles 11,033 AR and MR 438 TSMG. 741 cal 30 MG 39 cal 50 M 21 20mm 7 37mm 2 81mm mortars 23 bazookas and miscellaneous. capturedJapanese weapons.

In January 1945, approximately 70 radios were in operation covering all roads, imortant enemy areas and coastal postions commanding shipping channels. Flash report.-C on aircraft and ship movements have been regularly received for some time,

Guerr.aheld airfields at Dipolog, Labo, Lala and Barobo have been frequently used by distressed airplanes These fields are likewise used to speed up the flow of. nlies into the island.

"Staff of 10th MD Headquarters, January l945"

La Paz, Agusan Province: Commanding Officer Colonel Wendell W. FEBTIGC, CE Chief of Staff Lt. Co. Sam J. Wilson, (USiR) GSC DC of S Miaj. M. M. WHEELER, (USNR) Sig C AC of 5, G-l Ma j F. S. LAGMIAN, AGS G--2 Ma j . H. A. ROSBNQUIST, Cay C3 Miaj .Pat DESTAJO, GSC G-4 Maj. Onofre HIPE, GOO G-5 Maj. Ramon 0 NOIASCO, CSC Adj. Gen.-Maj. F. S. LAGMAN,AGS Force Engineer Ma j. N. CAPISTRANO, CE force.Quartermaster 1st Lt, Robert CRtWP', QNS Force Signal Officer Cat. James GARIJAND, Sig C

Civil Affairs: In October and November 1942, Col. FERTIG commenced collecting material for organization of a civil government on Mindanao.. Lt. Col HDGES assisted, working particularly ii Lanao Province, Where possible, reliable,-and unsurrendered government officials with pre-war positions of ,responsibility were called into service. Provincial governors were appointed and local governments established with as little-interference by the military as the situation permitted. Schools were generally not established. because facilitieh'ad either bieenr destroed. oriJIctxlcn jios woruld. t oerinitb

- 85 - In the matter.of food and other supplies Mindanao was fort tunate in having many comparatively untouched fooazgrowing areas. Pineapples were available in quantity from the Del Monte plantations near-Cagayan de Misamis; potatoes and temperate climate vegetables grew well in the Bukidnon hills near Talakag and near Claveria,

- Misamis Or.; -coffee was available and sufficient rice was grown in the Pangu.il Bay area and on the east coast of Surigao to feed people in other areas of Mindtanao. The main difficulty was distribution. Trails and water transportation were .developed and the 10th MD planned and coordinated exchange between areas as much as local transportation facilities permitted. For instance, a carabao trail was Qpenedi from the coast of Misamis Or. near Balingasag into central Bukidnon for taking salt to the interior and bringing chinchona bark and food supplies to the coast. The trails from the hills south of Talakag were developed to make food'grown in that area available to troops "in Misamis Or, and Bukidnon. Local foodproduction and safe storage in remote locations in the hills were likewise encouraged. As a result of this organization, the food situation on M'indanao has, been one of the moat'satisfactory, of any of the .guerrilla controlled areas in the Philippines.

In early 1943, President' QTi3ON, created the M4indanao Emergency Currency Board and authorized it to print emergency currency. The use. of this currency provided a medium of exchange for guerrilla forces.

Of considerable assistance in civil affairs:, especially in early 1943 were Marcelo T. ?AISO, Depty Governor of Lanao at time of invasion and appointed by FERTIG as Governor of Lanao; Mr, Edtward KUDZR, Ioro expert and Civil Affairs Director for the 10th M Command; and Ubaldo D- LAYA, pre-war provincial Treasurer of Misamis 0cc., who supervised the activities of the Mindanao Emergency Currency Board and advised FERTIG extensively on civil matters,

SECTIONI.III. DEVELOPiv'NT. OF THE DIVISIONS OF THE COYMMAND:

105TH DIVISION AREA (Zamboanga-Misamis 0cc.)

With the exception of eight officers and about 100 enlisted men, the USAF. garrison stationed at Zamboanga City surrendered on 15' May 1943. The unsurrendered personnel, together with loyal civilians and refugees from surrendered forces on- other islands, gathered in various sections of Zamboanga and Misamis 0cc. They were' gradually contacted by outside forCes and unified into the 105th Divisionunder the 10th M4ilitary District Com- mand.. This Divison is composed of the 105th, 107th and 115th Regiments and formerly what is now the llst Regiment.

121st Seoerate Regiment (Zamboanga City and;Basilan Id): In June 1943 unsurrendered IUSAFF$ officers organized loose area forces in the vicinity of Zamboanga City as follows . Lt, Celso FERNANDEZ commanding near San. bue; Lt. Enrique GARCIA and. Lt. Emilio G.RCIA at Moroc; Lt. Gerardo MALCAPO at Cacao; and Lt. Abd'ulrahim IMAO, a Moro from Jolo, in the Curuan sector. In November 1943, Capt. Luin MORGAN, guerrilla leader and Chief of Staff to Co, FERTIG, arrived at Vitali with Cart; Frank Mc CARTHY, Jr., Capt, William TATE and others to incorporate the loose area forces into a unit under the 10th MD Command.

In December 194Z, Capt. McCARTHY returnedto Zamboanga City, appointed Lt. AARCON commanding officer and designated the unit the 3rd Battalion, 115th Regiment (south coast of Zamboanga) The Battalion

Executive Officer and S-3 was Lt. MAMA, a Moro. The S-2 was Lt. B. PINEDA. 1 Sector commanders were appointed or confirmed and McCARTHY retunedshormr to-Malangas,_ the Regimental Headquarters (then under command of Maj. LASOLA).

In May 1943, Maj Manuel D. JAIJON was sent to the 3rd Battalion area as CO and the Battalion was reorganized into the 121st Regiment. His staff:~ Executfive fficer and S-l Capt. HAMID (Moro) 5-2 t .C. BEENCUE S3 Ilt. AI4RPCON 5-4 Lrt V. R0ERO Qo Hq Bn JlIA rnEesto ABAT0O

-86 - CO 1st.Bn,. Lamit n Lt. ASAXKII CO 2nd Bn,.. Curuan Lt. MAMA CO 3rd Bn, Cacao, Lt. Alfonso E1RIUES

Mai~. JAIDON came from Misamis Oriental where he had been CO of the 109th Reginent in November 1942. Trouble developed between him and Maj. IJIMlA. in that area,, and Maj. JAILDON was transferred to the command of the 121st Regiment.~ He had seen servie with the USAFFE in Zamboanga before surrender and is repo±ed to have given valuable service.. His guerrilla service however has not been outstanding. While JALDOT was in command of/ the Zamboanga guerrilla regiment his -oro-Japanese brothers persuaded him to come to Zamboanga and sign a peace agreement with the Japanese.. He was relieved of his command when the news reached PfERTIG in June 1943 and the Regiment became disorganized. No supplies or sun-port were received by the regiment from the District Headquarters until Maj. Felipe IETAVERO (early guerrilla leader in Lanao) arrived in December 1943. He announced that the 121st Regiment no longer existed and activated the 1st Separate Battalion with It. Donald ECOUVfE as CO.

Lt. LECOUVBE, an unsurrendered American enlisted man, had given valuable assistance to Col. FERTIG, and after his assignment to the Sepa- rate Battalion, organized intelligence contacts in Zamboanga City.. The Battalion has been carefully reorganized and redesignated the 121st Regi- ment. It has withstood determined large scale Japanese attacks and has reported valuable intelligence from Zamboanga City. "Small detachments of this regiment are located at Sirawai and Siocon onthe west coast.. The 121st Regiment is now not part of the 105th Division but 'is a seperate regiment under control of the "A" Corps (see page 92).

The guerrilla unit on Basilan Id. was organized from.Philippine Constabulary remnants. Due to the proximity of large Japanese forces, it At not particularly strong or well organized. In March 1943, Lt. AIJARCON went to Basilan, Island from Zamboanga to organize a guerrilla unit, but'found Lt. SAjiTLLANA already in command of an organized unit. Lt. LA.RCON returned to Zamboanga, and the Basilan Island guerrillas have been attached to the Zamboanga City area command since, though contact is probably remote.'Basilan guerrillas are located largelr on the southern, eastern and interAor parts of the island.

115th Regiment: Little is known of the guerrilla; history of the Zamboaniga south coast. Caot. Frank McCAPTIHY, Jr., organized guerrillas in the Malangas area in late 194?. Some guerrilla units are active in the Kabasalan area and, in addition, are collecting latex from the rubber plantation,' Other guerrillas have been active in the Pagadian-Tukuran area since Mid-1942. The present CO of the regiment is believed to be Maj. Angel IIINA.

107th Regiment: Guerrillas have been active on the Zamboanga north coast since mid-1942. Small detachments are at barrios in the southern sector but the main concentrations are in the area from Sindangan northwards. The 107th Tgiment has been particularly active in the area between Dipolog and Calamba, It. Col. Justina TEANO, PA,. in command -of the regiment, is about 49 years old, has had long service with the Con- stabulary and is known for his high integrity.

106th Regiment: ~A small Japanese garrison. was left in Misamis 0cc. after the, invasion in 1942. Capt. Joaquin DISMAL.was one of the first guerrilla leaders in the province and was active in confining Japanese patrols to the cqastal town. In September 1942, Canpt.- TATE and Capt. MA.RGANi', guerrilla leaders from Lanao,. drove the Japanese from Misamis and freed Misamis Occicental and the entire north coast of Zamboanga. The 106th Regiment, was organized in Misamis Occidental shrtly thereafter. Col.. FERTIG then established the Mindanao guerrilla headquarters at Misamis in September. 1942 (see Introduction) and remained there until the Japanese re-occupation of Misamis Occidental and the Zamboanga north coast (July 1943). Capt. NARANJO was one ofthe few leaders who resisted this .apanese ivasion and he p erformed outstanding service in reorganizng the scattered forces.. 'ollwing the eneUr re-occuat ion Col. iEBIG~ moved his? headquarters to Lfaao.

- V7 - 105th Division: It is believed that this Division was organized when Cal. FRTI assumed command of the Mindanao Guerrillas in September 1942., So far as is known It. Col. Ciraco MORTERA, 0-1081, PA,' was appointed commander at that time and remained in command until January 1944, when he was replaced by Lt. Col. Hipolito G1RMA, I'A, for unknown reasons.. Lt. Col. MOBTERA i about 51 years old and. has seen long service with the.Constabulary. He is reported to be well trained, prefers headquarters to field duty, is neither aggressive nor particularzly strong, and is now Adjutant Oeneral "A" Corps (see page 92). Lt. Cal. GARMA. is about 54 years old, was Chief of Constabulary under Gen. SHARP and hid in the mountains after the USAFFE surrender. It has been reported by one source that he lacks initiative and "fight". He was Adjutant General of.the 109th Division, Bukidnen, in 1943. Lt Col. Justuno TEA1C was reported to be Chief of Staff of the 105th Division in late 1944. It is believed that there, are some disagreements between It. Col. TEANO and higher commands which have prevented his capacities being used to better advantage.

Staff and strength of the 105th Division: off 105th Division, Hq Dipolog, Zamboanga CO : Lt. Col. Hipolit o GAUVIA, 0-1021, PA C/S: Lt. Cal. Justino TEANO, 0-1120, PA Division Hq Personnel 176 106th Regiment, Hq Bagacay, Misamis 1,322 CO Unknown 107th Regiment,. Hc Minutak, Dipolog 70 987 CO : Lt.0C6. Justino TEANO(?), 0-1120, PA' 115th Regiment, Hq Pagadian, Zamboanga 68 1,014 CO:: Maj. Angel IVEDINA (9s) ExO:, -Cant, CONTOY Adj: Lt. HITALIA S-2: Lt.. GARCAA S-3: Lt. FEDELUC IS 121st Seperate Regt. Hq Bajandi, Zamboanga 76 771 CO : Lt. Donald L'ECOUVRE., AUS TOTAL 324 4,270

The only Japanese forces in the divisional area are at Zamboanga City, Guerrillaheld airfields at Dip'olog, Zamboanga, and Labo, Misamis Occidental, are being used frequently for suppOly to guerrilla farces and and emergency landing stri-os fcr i aieblei i.llied. aircraft.

As of December 1944: ARMS AM'RNIT ION 45 pistols 148 cal 30 M1 75,569 carbines 1,261 cal 30 M2 43,480 rifles 706 -cal .45 25,901 AR andR 35 *81mm 140 TSMG 2C2 hand grenades 30 c6.1 30MG 2 ca~l 50 MG 4 81mm mortars* 4

108TH DIVISION ADD "A" CORPS ORGANIZATION

In April 1942, the USABFXE Mindanao Command under Brig. Gen. Guy 0. FORT was at Dansalan, Lanao. The troops had been hastily collected and for the most part had had five month's training and no'action. The Japanese were at Malabang, Lanao, 30 April 1942 and entered Dansalan 4 May. Gen. SHARP surrendered 9 May 1942 in Bukidnen and Gen. FORT surrendered 'at Dansalan an the 27th. The blow was so complete and sudden that civilians and army remnants were stunned and demoralized.

88 - The Japanese mistreatment of civilians caused considerable dis- sention among the.people. Their feelings were aroused and the guerrilla units sprang up spontaneously throughout the province. Manalao hliINDALATO, among the Mores, Capt. Lui.s MORGA2N, in the Kolambugan area, and Capt. Pedro A1S1TESS, in the Iligan area, were the principal leaders in the guerrilla movement in Lanao at this time.

Capt. Luis P. MORGAN: Capt. Luis iORGAN, an American mestizo, was a Philippine Constabulary company commander at Kolambugan, anao, before the war. In the disorganization following the USAFFE surrender, the Mores had moved down from the hills onto the Christian north plain of Lanao and were molesting the people around Baroy. jiORGAN gathered his company together to protect the civilians and take revenge on the Mores. iMORG_.A'h is an opportunist and had the reputation of ruthlessness, daring and lack of consideration for civilians.

During.,this time William TATEl, an American-Moro mestizo from Momungan who had joined the- Japanese in June, left the Japanese and organized a group (mostly Mores) and went to Misamis Occidental. ORGAN subdued the Kolambugan area and joined bands with TATE in iisamis 0cc. They 'pushed the Japanese out of Misamis Occ. entirely in September and *gATreturned to iviomungan. TATE was reported to be ,a rough character when he was under the influence of i"ORGAN. TATE is believed to have retired from guerrilla activity in 1943 and may have died since.

IMORG.MN decided to organize the iiindanao guerrillas by direct contact, coercion and persuasion. As a xestizo however, he did not have the necessary prestige to rally elements around him. Col. FERTIG, AUS, there-' fore took administrative command of the organized guerrl aunits while M0RGAN went to the field as Chief of-Staff to persuade unattached guerrilla units to join up.

'iO4RGA1 set out to subdue and unify guerrillas in the outlying areas as soon as the headquarters under FERTIG was established in Misamis. In November MiORGAN took a large armed party to Zamboanga and Sulu where he had heard small guerrilla organizations existed. His arbitrary. actions in Zamboanga, affected perhaps by his attempt to induce the guerrillas to attack that city, antagonized the guerrillas in that area. The mission did, however,. place outlying guerrillas on notice that there was a strong Mindanao guerrilla force in operation, and that its headquarters was at Misamis. Coimnunications were also established between Sulu and the head-- quarters at Misamis.

MORGA returned to Misamis in September 1942. He left Miisamis 12 January 1943 with a party of 80 men which became known as' the GEERAL HEAD9QUARTERS EXEDITIONTARY FORCE, and went across northern Mindanao to Leyte and Negros and.returned to idisamis in June 1943. On the trip he contacted guerrillas and made contacts for the unification of the Mindanao guerrilla command. He appointed commanders and promoted personnel as he-, went. Most notaole event on this trip was an abortive attack on Butuan 1-11 March 1943. He Piined'forces with Lt. Col. McCLISH but the attack was ill timed and failed,

From Surigao MMORGAIT went to Leyte in April 1943! There he attempted to 114te 9th iD (Leyte and Samar) -guerrillas under Col. KEANEON. He then went to Siquijor'and contacted Kaj. Benito CT hTANAIN, then commanding the guerrillas on that island. He appointed CU1TAi~AN commander on Cebu and left for Negros to attempt to bring Lt. Col. GADOR into line with the 7th Command.

CUiTAiNAN, thinking i4ORGAN' s bona f ides with SWPA unquestionable, set up a command and attempted to organize a. guerrilla unit from dis- satisfied Cebu guerrillas. The matter was later ironed out after some hard feelings between Cebu and the 10th 1in.

On Negros, Capt. MiORGALT met Mjaj. VILLAM0R, who was then at Tolong on a special mis i-on from $VYPA. VITI;AOR dissuaded iORGA1Nfrom interferi ng forciblyl in Ne~gos guerrilla &tffairs and MORGAN returned to Mindanao in June 1943.

89 - It appears that in permitting if-iORG&Th his Chief of Staff, to go on this trip, Col. FERTIG may have hoped to keep hORGAIN preoccupied so that he would not interfere with the peaceful organization of the 'iindanao command. At any rate IiORGAIT came back to iiindanao full of impor- tance from his mission and started on a holiday in Lanao. The Japanese landed in Misamis in June 1943 just after 1iOPLG.i settled down and the guerrillas did not resist the landing (interpretation of GHQ orders not to engage the enemy needlessly and thus invite retaliation). Capt. iORGiTN felt that the guerrillas had ndt acted properly and counter to Col. FERTIG's orders, ordered his own followers to attack isamis and to take arms-from those guerrillas who had fled.

Col. FERTIG had moved his headquarters to Liangan, Lanao, shortly after the Japanese invasion of IvIisamis, and in iiORGAi T' s absence, had appointed Col. ' BOILER to succeed him to the comnmandiof iiindanao should anything happen. RORAN claimed openly that the move was looked upon un- favorably by, the people and that the appointment of B07,!iLER was a breach of faith. He resigned from the 10th iiD command and set up his own organization in iisamis Occidental in September 1943. The situation threatened to become serious due to iiORGANiN's violent attempt at mutiny. His evacuation to Australia at the end of September effectively eliminated. a strong and dissident factor in iiindanao guerrilla affairs.

The Moros and the Maranao ijilitia Force: The Moro problems on Mindanao have long been a'soarce of discontent and unrest. The Moros are a distinct Mohammedan group and are found throughout the Sulus, along the southern coast of Zamboanga, the southern half of Lanao Province and across Cotabato to the ')avao Gulf. 'The iaranao (Lanao) Moros are perhaps the bravest, proudest and the most intelligent of the Philippine Moro groups: Maranao (Lanao), Maguinld.anao (Cotabato) and. the Tao-Sugs and Samals (Zamboanga and. Sulu).' Intelligence, courage and pride, however, do not make the Lanao Moro either a valuable ally or a dangerous enemy. His intelligence is more nearly sly cunning, going hand in hand with treachery. The Moro has little respect for the Christian Filipino and may always be antagonistic towards him.

Moro villages are small, usually built up around -a far-ling cam- minity, and the inhabitants ar'e usually related to each other. While each community is loyal to its own leader, the leaders of these inter-related communities form an association and have a group' leader, or Datu, to whom all community leaders are. loyal. For the past forty years Moros have..been under the control of the Philippine Constabulary, but most of the Moros remember that they were once the absolute rulers of their areas and were free to rob and murder groups less powerful that themselves. With any relaxing of police authority many of them soon return to their ancient customs of robbery and murder, with loyalty only to their .imred.iate leaders.

To prevent bloodshed.between Moros and Christans, no Moros were allowed. to live on. the north coast of Lanao and none lived in.Bukidnon. During the chaos following the surrender, M'ioros came down the north slopes of the Lanao hills and began molesting the Christians: 1iORGAT's retaliatory measures were so violent, however, that the feelings of the Moros were aroused more than ever, and it has been only with codiderable care that the support and neutrality of the Moros was maintained. .In the Dinas vicinity of southern Zamboanga no Christian dares set foot now as a result.

In January 1942, when it became evident that it would be difficult if not impossible to stem the.tide of the Japanese invasionof the Philippines, Gen. FORT tried to bolster the Mindanao Force by organizing, and placing thousands of-Moros in holding defensive positions along key highways in the southern part of 14izndanao. He organized the M oro Bolo Battalion, active young Moros armed with knives. The Moros were under their own leaders b.t were paid by USAFFE. They had little time for train- ind and when the Japanese landed in Davao, the Moro force dissolved rapidly. Many prominent Moros were attached to this group and later became active in guerrilla. affairs in Lanao and Cotabato.

IA. Col. Hi~EIES began to oraize the Moros in flcember 1942- January 1943. He caolleced. most of the former members of the -Bolo Batta-

- 90 . lion and formed the Maranao Militia Force. The early leaders of the Moros in guerrilla activities were=: iIanalao INMDAIA:TO, former member of the Bole Battalion, a hot tempered. young Moro; Busran KALAWI of iomungan; Datu LAGUIND.LB of Ganassi; Joseph SA1YGUILLA of iviumay and. Madaluin; and Datu BIThTTAIS ofj.ijiasiu. S

By late 1942 the M'ioros had collected. a fairly large number of weapons. After the surrender they ransacked the battlefieldis and waylaid civilians and former USAFFE soldiers for weapons. The threat to the guer- rivlla organization was real. The efforts of Busran KALAIT, II'DALAMIO, the Sultan of Ganassi and many others to bring the Mores into line is a monu- mental tribute to their respect for the Aarican people. They were supported in tneir efforts by very small allotments of arms and supplies from the guerrilla headquarters. The one time location of the District Headquarters in Lanao and. the presenceof guerrilla. leaders (such as Lt. Col. HEDGES aenid Mr. KTJcER) who knew the Mores well, wcire fortunate in this connection.

For political reasons the Maranao Militia. Force is maintained as a separate part of the 108th Division, an&-id- bably the best armed single group of guerrillas on Mindanao.. The present organization and. strength of this force is as follows: Off EM 124th Regt, MMCF, Hqq Rupagon, Lanao 36 ..1,538 CO; Capt. Macaurog. AULPAC 126th Regt, PiF 118 1,124 C0: aj. Busran KALAW 127th Regt, li iF, now sieging Malabaing 73 788 GO:, Capt. Manalao - IiWALi\O0 128th Regt, i4MF, now, sieging Malabang 100 951 CO: Maj. Anonngo BAGUIND.AALI 129th.'Rgt; 14F, Hi Taraka, Lanao .78, 1,202 1st Prov. Regt. 63 928 2nd Prov. Regt. 53 533. 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th Separate Battalions 71 1,470 5 separate Companies 5 307

Total 597 8,841

Lt . aguib GUANDY, Chinese-Moro mestizo and pre-war mayor of Malabang, has been responsible for organizing More resistance south of Malabang on the Lanao coast. He has protected the Christians aacd has kept on-good terms with the Japanese to obtain supplies.. KALAW is a native of Momungan, Lanao, was mayor of Momugan at outbreak of the war and is ex- provincial treasurer of Lanao. 'He is an associate of Capt. M-ORGANi , and actively resisted the Japanese since 1942. i IiDALAN0O is an ex-school inspector, clever and curageous, very hot tempered. He was the first to fight the Japanese after the ' USAF'E surrender. ARTJ iPAC was mayor of Luxmbatan; clever, alittle politico, a good manager and belongs tothe Masonic order. BAGUIITDAATI is popular as one of the first Moro guerrilla leaders.

Organization of the 108th Division: So far as is known the 108th Division was organized in late 1942 and Lt. Col. Charles HEDGCGES, 0-540796, was appointed the commander. He has been in command since. HEDGES is an American about 48 years old. Before the war he was at the Kolambugan Lumber Mills on the north coast of anao, with a commission as a Captain in the reserve. When the USAFFE forces were in Lanao he became the CO of. the Motor Tran sport Co. at Dansalan.. His experiences before the war made him familiar wtth the local people. He has since showrL his ability to get. along well withthe Christians and to maintain the favor and support of the Mores. Mr. KUDER, an American educator who had spent many.years teaching Mores, ad.d numerous More leaders who had been educated'by ,Mr. KUDER, were of outstanding help to HEDGES in dealing with the 'Mores, .The lQ8th Division has seen much action on the north coast of Mindanao and the Lake Lanao-Malabang area. The division is probably one of the best armed and led of all the Mind-anao divisions.

- 91.- The staff of the Division and Chr!.tian Regimlents (M~oro Regt.. staffs have been given on page 91):

108th Division, Hq Dansalan, Lanao"; Adv Hqc, Iligan CO1, Lt. 'Cal. Charles 11. HEDGES, AUS C/ lva j. Angeles LIitNA, PC .Ad;j Capt. Regalo D, BALA G-l1: Capt. Celso V. VALJLi0BS G 2: M~aj.. Amand o CURAINJG(Maj. Rex BLOW, .AIF ?) G-3: Maj. Juan K. TAIDTUAI\T G-4; Capt. Ricardo ABELLANOSA Off Ej Division Hqj Personnel 120 530 105th Regiment, Hq Baroy, Lanao 75 1,168 CO: Capt. BARO (?) 108th Regiment, Hq. Kauswagan 85 1,139 CO: Maj. Felipe P. QTEhJADA, PC (? ) 120th'Regiment, Hq Dalipuga 97 1,334 00': Capt. Pedro KNTDBBS, PA Res, ('Iaranao iilitia *Force (see pDage 91) 597 8t84) Total 974' 13,012

Maj. BLOW is one of' a group of' AIF prisoners of war from Singapore. They escaped in 1943 from their camp at Sandakan, British North Borneo. BLOW and-his party were brought by natives to Tawi Tawi where they assisted Col. SUAREZ set up his cormandof the Sulu Area and then went to Mindanao. Several of' the men were evacuated to Australia early in 19.44 btbt Maj. BLOW remained and has rendered valuable' service with the guerrillas in western Mindanao.

As of December 1944: ARIAMS AIvuJiLNI T ION~ 45 pistols .242 cal 30 N11 28,924 carbines 1,633 cal 30 M2 146,326 rifles 5,661 cal .45 21,414 AR and y .R172 8lrbm 90 TSMiG 250 cal 30 MG 14

37mm .1

81mm mortars . 4 The organization of °"A" Corps: Ira. late 1943 Japanese pressure on the north- coast .of Lanao threatened the District Headquarters and it was decided td move that 'headquarters to. the '.A.gusan Valley. Shortly after the move in January 1944, a sub command for western Mindanao was set up for rapid. communications and command purposes. This command was called the "tA" Corps, and incJluded the 105th, 108th, 109th and 106th Divisions. The Commander of "A" Corps is Lt. Col. Rober't V. BOW-LER. 0-294619, former. Commander of the 109th Division.

Lt. Col. BOWLER was a reserve officer, called to active duty prior to the war. He was in Bukidnon at the, time for surrender and went into the hills - xntil .about August 1942. He collected several U. S. enlisted men who were star'ting guerrilla organizations and brought the groups under his command. He is judicious, brusque and somewhat cold in manner. He is reported to be respected by Filipinos for his firmness and fairness.

So far as is known,. the staff of the "A" Corps 'is: CO: 'Lt. Col. Robert V. BOWLER .Ad.J: Lt. Col. Ciriaco i'ORTERA, PA G-1: Capt. saias 0. ARBOIJEDA 0r- 2; Maj. Chandler B. THOMAS, AITS G"-3: Capt. Donald H.- WILLS QM MIa j. Tomas CABILI

"Alf Corps personnel: 142 Officers "79$ FN and competent. He was the original commander of the 105th Division but was relieved in late 1943.

The "Alt Corps headquarCters was located near the former 10th MD Headquarters at Lala, Ianao, but has since been moved to Misamis, Mvlisamis Occidental.

109TH DIVISION (Cagayan de Misamis Area and Bukidnon)

The guerrilla movement in this area started in two sections, one in the'area about Cagayan de. Misamia and the .othor in the southern Pukidnon-Cotabato border area. In the Cagayan area between Talakag and Sumilao several American. Air Corps enlisted men started semi-renegade guerrilla groups. Most of these menhave since been evacuated but the organizations started formed the basis of the 111th and 112th Regiments. Lt. Col BOWLER, AUS,, now "Al Corps Commander, contacted these men and other guerrilla leaders in late 1942 and began to coordinate and regulariz~ethe units. 'Arms and equipment were salvaged from USAFE supplies; and equipment. The 109th Regiment organization wa.s started by Maj. Manuel J4DON in the vicinity of Alubijid, Misamis Or., in 1942. JALDON was transferred to Zambboanga in 1943. Four regiments were ultimately activated in the 109th Dlivision area: the 109th, 111th, 112th and the 117th.

117th Regis ent: The 117th grew out of the guerrillas organized in southernBukidnon as a defense against Japanese terror tactics. The Bukidnon guerrillas were weak and Manuel FORTICH and Vicent.e IEUTERIO persuaded Maj. Salapida PE3DATUN, then successfully attacking the Japanese in Cotabato-, to tone to Bul .dnon and assist in driving out the Japanese. i2vIaj.EN.IATUN came and drove the Japanese from ivawe, Maramag, Valencia and Miailag before the end of 1942. His forces then numbered 2,400 men. In mid-January, Malaybalay wqs attacked from the south. Support was supposed to have been promised from the north by It. Co. BOWLER, but did not materialize and the attack was a failure.

In the meantime radio contact was established with Col. Fertig. Col. FERTIG is reported. to have accepted the contact as agreement by PNDATUN to join the 10th MD Command and P1DATTUN was appointed by Col. FERTIG, CO of the 117th Regiment. It. Col BOWLER and Father HAGERTY visited PEIDATUND to formalize the command'and found PEiNDATIJ with his forces still harassing the Malaybalay stronghold of the Japanese PENDATUJN was resentful of FERTIG's presumptions and the meeting with PE1DATUN's representatives was not a happy one. Father HAGGERTY was rector of the Ateneo de Cagayan before the war and did a great deal in restoring order and confidence among the guerrillas and people on the north coast of Mindanao. Both he and Manuel FORTICH (pre-war Bukidnon Assemblyman) did their best to smozoth affairs but' the dispute was not settled until Commander PARSONS arrivedin May 1943. He persuaded PiENDA- TUN to return to Cotabato with the Moro guerrillas who had come into Bukidnon by this time in great numbers. The 117th Regiment then became a Christian regiment but never equalled the power and force of-the 117th Regiment under Maj. PEIDATJ1.

Lt-. Col. ANDREWS and. Tomas C.LBILI (pre-war Assemblyman from Lanao) who had been with i'iaj. PENDATUY4 were called to Misamis by Col. FERTIG to - explain the trouble with PETATLhT. AIDRWPS subsequently went to Negros and joined an old friend, Maj. J. A. VILLAMOR. CABILI remained in Lanao and has been working with guerrillas therein various capacities since.

109th Division: The division was organized in early 1943 but did not consolidate its present area of control until the settlement of the PNDATUN dispute. Lt.- Col. Robert V. BOWLER was the original commander of the division, but was relieved by Lt. Col. James GRINISTEAD, AUS, when Lt. Col BOWER was appointed CO of the "A" Corps in January 1944.

GRINSEAD is 50-55 years old,' a retired PC officer of many years service in the Philippines, maiy of them spent among the Moro. in Mindanao. He was living on hips plantation in Cotabato when the war started. He reported to the District Headquarters in February 1943 and was asked to return to Cotabato, to organize guerrillas. He was later made C 0 of the

93 - 109th Regiment, then C/S 109th Division and finally was made CO of the 109th Division. He has been a stable snd careful commander in a difficult area. The supply situation in Buidnon ahd the morale problems arising therefrom, have required skillful handling.

The present strength and knoe staffs of the 109th Divisi on follow: Off Ejv 109th Division, Hq 'Talakag, Bukidnon CO : Lt. Col. James GRINSTEAD, AUS C/S: ±'aj. Crispino t'i. de CASTRO, PA

Division Hq Personnel 1.01 678 109th Regiment, Hq near Alubijid 63 1,005 00: Maj. LAP2AP, PA 11th Regiment, Hq near Mambuaya 86 1,144 00: Capt. J. S. CRUZ, PA 112th Regiment, Iq near Surnilao 36 626 CO: Capt. William McLAUGEiji , AS 117th Regiment, - Hq near iiailag 41 534

Total 327 3,987*

McLAUGXiLIN, former Sergeant in the 31st Infantry, commissioned when war broke out and has been in command of the 112th Regiment since August 1943. CRUZ was formerly Division QM 102 Division, PA, on iiindanao.

Status of ecuipment December 1944: ARAS vijt!I TITION 45 pistols 183 cal 30 Hl 456,559 carbines 1,027 cal 30 E2 316,099 rifles 1,421 cal 45 124,282 AR and NCR 81 cal 50 2,250 TSM4G 134 20mm cal 30 MG 13 37mm cal 50 MG 3 81mm 20mm 2 hand grenades 81mm mortars 9

110Th DIVISION (E iviisaiis Or., N gAsan and Surigao)

The guerrillas in this area were a mixture of civilians, ex- SAF soldiers, Philippine Constabulary, a few Philippine Scouts and American Army and Navy personnel. Small unconnected groups organized themselves in "hometown"' barrios. They were led br natural leaders who assumed their responsibilities for various reasons - personal aggrandizement, banditry, .desire to fight the Japs or establishment of law and order. The division organization started in September 1943 and three regiments were formed: the 110th, 113th ard the 114th.

At the time of the organization of the guerrillas in this divisional area, the Japanese lightly garrisoned Cagayan and Bugo, Misamis Or.; Butuan, with an outpost at Libertad, Agusan; and Surigao town. Occasional enemy launch patrols of several hundred men went from Cagayan to Balingasag and from Butuan to Buenavista.

110th Regiment Area: This regiment extended from the Tagaloan River, Misamis Or., tothe eastern Miisamis Or. border. The guerrilla band which was to form the nucleus of the regiment was started at Balingasag sometime in September 1942, when a group of armed Filipinos led by Pfc Clyde H. ABBOTT, 14th Bomb Squadron and Lt. Pedro CJLADO0 (Constabulary Pfc), successfully attacked a Japanese -patrol which visited 'Balingasag to set up a puppet government. COLLAOh took the initiative in forming a guerrilla organization and collected around him a bodyguard of toughs. COLADO was later disarmed and imprisoned for conspiracy of mutiny after the 110th Regiment was established, with Capt. LUZ in command.

- 94- Several small units organized at Claveria. under NI/Sgt.. James McINTTYRE, USAC, and at Nalitbog under I4/Sgt. Alfredo FE lTAIDEZ, USAC, but did not cooperate with each other until Lt. Cl. icicCLS: arrived in the area. Other guerrilla contacts were estalished in the vicinity of Gingoog Bay where Rosaurio.t :NG.LO was the chief leader.

.113th Regiment Aree rthern Agusan): The early guerrilla bands which were eventually unified, under the 113th Regiment were the small units that sprang up at Nasipit, Buenavista, Cabadbaran and the lower Agusan River. These were brought under control by a Syrian mining engineer namand Khalil IHODR, a highly intelligent, brave, .forcfful leader. His integrity and energy were responsible for the organization of the 113th Regiment with 900 arms in 1943. ittle is known of the lesser leaders in this area.

The chief event in the early history of this Regiment (and the division) was the attack on Butuan, Agusan, in May 1943. The 113th Regi- ment with 900 rifles and the 110th Regiment with 1,000 rifles massed to attack the town from all sides. The Japanese garrison was forced into the concrete schoolhouse in Butuan, but'ithe nine day siege failed to dis- lodge them. Japanese planes attacked the guerrillas and finaly Japanese reinforcements arrived, forcing the guerrillas back. The chief leaders in the attack were.ILt. Col. Clyde 0. CHILDRFSS, Lt. Willard MONEY, .AUS, Lt. Thomas BAXTER, AUS, Capt. Rosaurio DOTGALL0, Capt. William KIN0RTZ and Maj. Khalil KHODR. The attack failed because of lack of proper equipment. As a result of the attack, there' was an acute shortage of rifle ammunition in the area for some time but the attentions of the peoplehad been focused on the guerrilla movement by showing them that the guerrillas would really fight,

114th Re iment Area Surigao north from Xian a:; One of the first leaders of the Surigoa area.was Sam C OOD, who operated in the Tago area in June 1942. He wa.s thoughtless and weak, but organized a semi-lawless group preying on the people in the area under the pretense of policing and p oteotion. He was arrested early in L943 and Joe HcCABThY who had previously commanded l a detachment at Tandag took command of the Tago area as well. cCARTKY was active in guerrilla affairs and was sent to Davao as Division QM when the 107th Division was formed in May 1944.

Other Surigao leaders were N4acario DIAZ at NIasgad; aj.. GARCIA in central Surigao; ad Capt. TOI~ltWITG at Lianga. These, small groups were loosely controlled and behaved as bandits in their areas.. They in- fliceted damage against property, refused to submit to each 'ether and gave the guerrillas a bad name general yn It appeared as though establishment of order'4in these areas would be difficult, Capt. Willipm IORTZ was given the mission of.consolidating or eliminating these dissident elements. The bandit groups caused no more trouble after Capt: K1TORTZ returned from his mission.

Capt. 1CNORTZ (Corporal, USAC) went to the hills in Bukldnon when USAFFE surrendered. He was a fearless fighter, when meeting the Japanese and a square, firm dealer in organizing recalcitrant guerrilla: groups* In mid-1943 he was attached to the 10th i0i Command asltaiason officer. He was trustworthy,. daring and efficient. and one of the best officers in the 10th ivD guerrilla organization. He was drowned in Septerber 1943 when the banea in which he was delivering supplies from Lanao to Agusan- capsized.

About mid-1943, Capt. Paul H. MIARSHALL (then pfc) axnd Lt. Robert SPIEAiCAlT (then Sgt), hno had. beth escaped from the Davao Penal Colony in April 1943, were assigned to the 114th Regiment. Their energy and. activity made the 114th one of the hardest hitting on Mindanao. rARSHAIL, CO of the regiment,pis a forceful, firm leader and well liked by his men. Other PW escapees who escaped at the same time and remained in the 110th Division area to assist guerrillas were Iaj# J, C, SHOFTER, Maj. M. 'QBERVICH and Maj. Jack VAI VT;1TCS, and TJSMCnow evacuated.

11QflDv4on: Lt. Col. ~rest E. F~4cCLIS, the commander of

-. 95 w the 110th Division was at Ixbatutig, Bukidnon, organizing guerrillas in August 1942. H9 went to Balingasag, Misamis Oriental, to, organize guerrilla forces in September or October with Lt.,Robert BALL, It. Anton HFlkATIK, and Capt. William A. KITORTZ, all AUS. cCLISH and BALL went to FERTIG' s headquarters at Mi samis shortly thereafter, and arrangements were made for McCLISM to command the guerrilla organization being formed in northeastern Mindanao. McCLISH returned to iisamis Oriental in November with Lit. Col. Clyde C. CHILDESS, AUS, as Chief of Staff.. BALL was left with FERTIG and later became District Comm.lunications Officer until he was sent to Luzon in 1944 to develop intelligence contacts there.

CHILDESS was a Battalion Commander in the 61st Divisicn, PAA, before war broke out. After surrender he' went to Sindangan, Zamboanga, with Maj. TEANO and most of the original battalion. Some local trouble. developed and CHILDRESS left. In December 1942 he was appointed Chief of Staff of ,the 110th Division and by his activity in the area helped to build a fairly effective guerrilla organization. He was placed in command of the 107th Division in Davao in early- 1944 and evacuated to Leyte in Janu- ary 1945.

The, original 110th Division headquarters was established at Medina, Misamis Oriental, but was moved to Rizal,.iiisamis Oriental,,in mid-1943 to be nearer the center of the Division area. The headquarters staff at this time was.

CO : Lt. Col. Ernest E. M11cCLISH, AUS C/S& G-3: Lt. Col. (then Naj.) Clyde C. CHIDRESS, AUS Adj & 0-1: Maj. Dionisio VELASCO, PC G-2 Capt. Virgilio S. AGU'LTTlAR G-3 : Lt. Richard THOMS

Maj. VELASCO has not been mentioned for some time aind his present whereabouts is uncertain. Capt. AGUILAR is now G-2, 107th Division and a good -- 2 officer. THOjiiViES has a coastwatcher station on Camiguin Island.

The 110th Division played an importatt part in- the supply system established on Mindanao: 'Fuel for the operation of radios and considerable quantities of rice were procured on the east coast of Surigao. These supplies were brought to Oabadbaran by road, as long as the road was free, and hauled. by b nca to various parts of northern Mindanao. The most famous of these bancas was a large two-masted motor banca, "ATHENA", flagship of the. USFIP Navy, skippered by Capt. Vicente ZAPANITA. The banca was originally equipped with a homemade smooth bore cannon but later armed with a 20mmcannon d.50 caliber machine guns. Other well known bancas on Mindanao waters were the 'fTREASTJRE ISLAND", an inter-island passenger launch with high. superstructure and 75 HP deisel engine; the "ROSALIA", a light tug with 50 I engine;,the "NAA" the "CAPT. KNORTZ"; the motor banca, "SO W EAT", and the "NARWHAL"u. The "ATHENA" was burned by the guerrillas to prevent her9 capture when the Japanese occupied the northeast coast of Mindanao in mid-1944.

The known staff and strength of the 110th Division in December 1944: Off Ei 110th Division, Hq east of Butuan C?) 00 '; lit.Col. Ernest E. icCISH, AUS G-2: - 1st Lit. Fausto DTUGETTIO

Division Hq Personne..and .Special Troops 83 932 110th Regiment 81 1,744 CO : Maj. Rosauric P. DONGALLO 113th Regiment 83 1,340 CO : 'Maj. halil KHODR 114th Regiment '70 1,070 CO : Capt. Paul H. MARSHALL, AUS S-4 :Lt. William G0IRJLER (Australian)

Total 317 5,086 Lt. Col. MeCIISH was relievedas divisio4 commander in January 1944 and evacuated to Leyte. _Capt. iAARSEALTJ was appointed CO of the 110th:Division as of 21 January 1945.

In addition to the above regiments the area now covered by the 107th Division (see page 99) under Lt. Col..(then Major) Claro M. LAURETA was part of the 110th Division. The 107th Division was activated in "early 1944.

As of December 1944:

ARMS AMJii'UNIT ION 45 pdbstols 170 cal 30 il 87,294 45 revolvers 34 cal 30 M2 117,133 carbines' - 782 cal 45 27,588 rifles 1,438 cal 50 3,333 AR and MR 64 20mm 880 TSMG 79 37mm 125 cal 30 MG- 2 81mm 75 cal 50 MG 8 bazookas 38 20mm 3 hand geiades 530 37mm 1 81mm 11 bazookas 7

106TH DIVISION (Cotabato).

Before the surrender of the USAFFE on Mind.anao, Gen. FORT organized a large group of Moros into a Bolo Battalion and stationed them manly across the Digo s-Kabacan Road, armed onllr with knives, to harass and hinder the Japanese advance from Davao. The force had little training before it was called to action, and the Bolo Battalion disintegrated rapidly before the enemy advance. *A few of the Moro leaders: Salapida PENDATUN, a young Moro lawyer from Cotabato; his brother-in-law, Datu. Matalam UDTOG; Datu Mantil DILA TGALAN and his brother-in-law, Gum ay PIANG; and Datu ALIMiAN.

After the USAFFE surrender, the Japanese began a reign of terror in the Cotobato Valley, attempting to subjugate the populace. Due 'to the popular antagonism generated by this reign of terror, guerrilla units composed largely of formher Bolo Battalion merbers were formed in Cota.bato. PEIDATUJN organized the first guerrilla group aid attacked the Japanese garrison at Pikit, Cotabato, in August 1942. The'attack was a succe-ss and large numbers of Moros joined the organization shortly. PENDATUIT' s men then att.cked Kabacan and secured control of the Digo s-Kabacan Road in September 1942. The sector along this road was held by Datu ALIMYIAN, the most influential Moro between Zidapawan, Cotabato, and Mt. Apo, Davao Province. His force numbered about 600 -armed men who were thoroughly familiar with the country.

The Iid saapflDulawas-Pikit area- was controlled by Mant il DIL- ANGALN and his two brotherswith a force of about 1,000 men, of whom 500 were armed. Also in the Miidsayap area, Naj. MATAS led about 500 armed Christiaids, known as "lATAS Militia," who spread southwards towards Lebak. The activities of this'unit' earned i'ATAS the title, "The God of Midsayap". MATAS served 12 years with the U. S. Navy and was. retired. He was reported to be brave, determined but reckless and. defiant. Late in 1944, "iATAS Militia" started a mutiny near Midsayap and set up and independent organization known as the "Mindanao AUSFI? Philippine Army, Cotabato Sector".

ALIMMAN, DILANGAIAN, MIATAS, etc., placed themselves under'the command of PENDATU1\T in 1942 and many of them went to 3ukidnon with him. The combined force was organized. into the Bukidnon-Cotabato Force in. December 1942 and controlled the Cotabato Valley and southern Bukidnon. Lt. Col. Edwin C. ANDgEWTS was Chief of-Staff. ANDREWS graduated from- the .Constaoulary Academy in 1927, studied at an FBI school in the U.S., and returned to work in the intellig n.ence section of the Constabulary. He became a pilot in l937, was transferred from. Zablan to alablay,. Bukidnon, and went to the hil t~en the surrender came. PE2~ATUN nd. AI~DPE11S have

.. 97-. been friends before the war and. when ?EIPDATU1N came to Jukidnon, ANDREWS joined him immediately.

Other leading figures with FP~JDATU3! were: iiaj. Tomas CABILI, pre-war Assemblyman (Lanao) and now with Lanao guerrillas; Lt. Col. (then Captain) Doroteo SORIA1T, still with Cotabato guerrillas; Piaj. Nicolas GABUTINAA, now with Cotabato guerrillas; Lt. Col. (then Maj.) Frank ivcGEE, now CO 6th Division; Datu UDTOG, Datu DILANGALA1 and Datu AIjIi{iT all now with Cotabato guerrillas. PENDATtJ1 attempted to take Nalaybalay in January 1943 but failed after a. costly siege differences developed between FERTIG and PEfNDATUN which were not settled until Commander PARSONS from SWPA visited PEITDATTIU in May 1943. PBM1DATtJ3N was persuaded to return to Cotabato with his Moro force.

The 106th Division is made up of the 116th, 118th and 119th Regiments and the 116th Separate Battalion.

116th Regiment: The 116th Regiment, south and southwestern Cotabato, is commanded by Maj. Herbert PAGE., retired American officer who had been with the PC for many years. PAGE is not a forceful leader, but knows the south coast of Cotabato and had been assisted by the following named officers who are familiar with various parts of the 118th Regi- mental Area: Fred JOHiSON, American planter in southeastern Mindanao; VILLAi1R,1 between Davao CGulf and Sarengani Bay; Capt. Macario CUBAIIA, PC, in the western 118th Regirrient and Maj. MATAS near Lebak.

118th Regiment: This regiment is under the command of Maj. Salapida PEIDAT31. He is assisted by associates from the Bukidnon caipaign, Lt. Col. SORIANSO, Maj. GABUTINA and Datus AL~i'iANN and UDTqG (2nd Bn CO). UDTOG. is one of the most powerful Moro Datus in southeastern 'Cotabato and a member of the original Bolo Battalion, UDTO&'s leadership and influence and PENDATUNJWs education have forged a powerful .nit in this area. The regiment kept the Kigos-Xabacan Road closed to enemy traffic until early 1944 when shortage of equipment and supplies forced the guerrillas to yield control.

119th Reiment: This regiment was commanded by Gumbay PIAWG who joined the 10th M~iDCommand organization in September 1943 and brought his entire following with him. The DILANALA1AT brothers are the other leading Moros in the area. PXAI\TG was taken prisoner by the Japanese in 1942. He was released to appease the Moros and went to Cotabato after he was released, setting a sign over his door reading "Guinbay PIMG, Prisoner "of WAR". lie stayed in the house benevolently neutral to guerrillas in the area and stood his ground when the Japanese came, as they did several times, to find out what he was doing. His pat answer was to point to the sign over the door and then insist on his rights as a PW. When the Japanese had fairly good proof of his pro-guerrilla activities. they sent their most polished diplomat to visit PIAITG. He maintained his position but knew that after this interview the Japanese would not respect his "P1,01 status and he left the house to join the guerrillas.

106th Division: The di4is ion, the control unit for the 116th Bn, 118th and 119th Regiments,' was probably organized about October 1943, with Ijt. Col. Frank McGEr AUS, i. command. McGEE served 'in the first World War and was recalled to duty in 1941. He was in Bukidnon in May 1942 and went to the mountains east of Malaybalay after surrender. When PENATUN brought his guerrillas into Bukidnon in December 1942, McGEE joined him. They had apparently been friends previously. McGEE has a difficult position and has done a moderate job'in organizing the area.

Staff and strength 106th Division:

106th division, Hq Poloypoloy, Salauan, Cotabato: CO : 1Lt. Col Frank McG'E, AUS C/S: Maj.. Nicholas GA3UTIN'A, PC G-2: 1st Lt. Alan LOTOCIK G-4: Maj. Doroteo SORIAWO Adj & GrL.: 1st Lt. P. C. ~'iAIES

-98 - Off: i} Division Hq Personnel 88 127 116th Regiment, HcjUpper Nakadel 64 1,189 0O: Maj. Herbert PAG, AUS 118th Regiment, Hq Dungos, Liguaan 118 1,921 00: Iiaj. Salapida PENDATUN, PA 119th Regiment, Hq ilala, Talayan 28 358 .O: Capt. Gumbay PIANG, PA Ex 0: Capt. OF.FDAI 116th'Sep Battalion C: Capt. YACSAIAY, PC Total 298 3,595

Status of equipment, December 1944:

A14S Ai CTION 45 pistols 131 cal 30 Ml 68,204 carbines 694 cal 30 M2 55,380 rifles 1,231 cal 45 34,902 AR and ifR 86 hand grenades 490 TSMG 35 30 MG 6 81mm mortars 2

107th DIVISION (South Agusan-Davao Area)

This division comprises the area in Agusan and Surigao Provinces, south of an east-west line through Lianga, Surigao, and extending to Davao City. t' was originally part of the 110th Division but was designated-tbe 107th Division early in 1944 with Lt.. Col, Clyde C. CHILDRESS, AUS, in command. Small guerrilla organizations were formed shortly after the surrender in the following areas: Northwest of Davao in the foot- hills of the mountains; in the hills northeast of Hi jo and Kingking; north of i'iati in the hills to Caraga Bay, at Cateel and Compostela, etc. Llater the 130th Regiment, the 111th and 112th Provisional Battalions were activated with these, units as nuclei.

130th Regiment Areas: This regiment comprises the area in Davao Province north from Davao City'and east to the dividing range along the coast. The guerrillas northwest of Davao were the nucleus of this regiment and were organized in' June 1942 by Lt. Col. 0 laro B. LAUJETA, 0-1407, PA, an active, colorful leader, 36 years old and a graduate of the Con- stabulary Academy. Lat. Col. LAURETA.(th&n Captain) was in command.of the Camp Victor Co, PC, at Davao 1941-42 and after surrender of the USAFFE went to' the hills with about thirty members'of his unit. There he found a large number, of civilian evacuees (3,000-5,000) from Davao City settled along the Libuganon River. He used his small unite to enforce law and order in this jungle community. The evacuees provided food and recruits, and he established farms so 'that his guerrilla unit became self support- ing. By mid-1943, Lt. Col. LAULETA was virtual ruler of the community. A system of passes was in force, and all visitors were considered spies unless prompt proof to the contrary was produced. Ammunition was scarce but occasional Jap patrols, easily ambushed along jungle trails, furnished his men with arms, ammunition and clothing. His headcjuarters at Maniki was near enough to the Davao Penal Colony that the guerrillas gave as sis;- tance to many escaping prisoners of war and smuggled supplies into the Colony.

7,t.CCd.l LAUflTA's USAFFE comAnd rid his resistance after the surrender made him the acknowledged guerrilla leader in Davao.' Other independent Davao guerrillas later joined him. One of these (of which little is known) was in the mountainous area 'between the towns of Hijo and Kingking and was active from 1942 with headquarters near the Davao Gold Mine on the ivuraut River. Other units were established at _Saug, under Ltt. PEPITO with 30-40 men; Compostela under Lt. NAVARRO with 30-50 men. These units became part' of LAURETA' s organization and have been active against Japanese patrols in their respeetive vicinities. Lt. PEPITO was a battalion commander of the 130th Regiment but' later: committed suicide.

99 - Contact letters were sent to Lt. Col. LATURJETA sometime in early 1943 from the 110th Division- Headquarters. LALRETA reported personally to the headquarters in Misamis Oriental in July, and his unit was then activated the 130th Regiment, 110th Division. Closer contact was established when Col. F'ETIG moved his headqiarters to the Agusan Valley in November 1943. With communications improved and supplies arriving in Davao, the organization and intelligence coverage developed rapidly.

111th Provisional Battalion: This battalion lies along the east coast of Davao Province atld absorbed guerrilla units north of liati and at Hanay, the latter with about 200 men under Capt. A$IS. ASIS was reported to have been killed by his First Sergeant, Javito PEDRAYA, in June 1942 for attempting to force his men toeurrender to the Japanese, PEDR'.YA took command of the unit and is now Executive Officer of the 111th Pro- visional Battalion.

Lt. Owen P. WILSON (unsurrendered Sgt, TSAC) is now in command of the battalion. He lived near Caraga: Davao, from the time of surrender until October 1943 when he reported to the' 10th 'D Headquarters. He had not'iceen active with guerrillas up to' that -time. Col. FERTIG gave him a radio annd sent him back to Caraga to organize intelligence coverage on the southeast coast. He was later appointed CO of the 111th Provisional Battalion when it was activated.

112th Provisional Battalion: This unit was formed from isolated units in the upper Agusan Valley a d,. in southern Surigao at Cateel, at Lingig (under Lt. VILLARIi1), etc., and is now under command of'.Lt. Anton HARXTIK, AlS. The unit has not been important or active.

Sternbrer Detachment: Lt. Adolph STERKTBERG, 'Jr. (unsurrendered Sgt, USAC) joined the guerrillas in February 1944. He had been bed ridden in Davao Province with a tropical skin disease for over a yea~r preceding, this time. During his illness, he stayed with Lt. Col. IJAUJRTA on the Libuganon River. When he recovered, he reported to Col. FERTIG's headquarters and was sent back td Davao .as a liaison, officer between the 130th Regiment and the 110th Division. Shortly after he was placed in command of a guerrilla unit near Malativas, Davao, which was then activated as a. Special Intelligence Detachment with abqut 80 armed men. Lt. STERNBFrR's intelligence activities in the Davao area have been quite valuable.

107th Division: Early in 1944 the area south of an east-west line in Aguaan Province through Lianga, Surigao, and extending to Davao City was reorganized into the 107th Division with Lt. Col. Clyde C. CHILDRSS, 0-371217, AUlS, in command. CHILDRESS was evacuated to Leyte in January'1945 and 4 AUETA placed in command. The strength and staffs of the command are:

107th Division, Hq Maniki (?), Davao CO .: at. Col. Claro LAUETA, PA Ad j & G-l: Capt. Jose MA1 JA' G-2: laj. Virgilio S. AGUILAR G-3: -Capt. Ramon R. BUHAY G-4: Capt. MANGA OIL Off '_11 Division Hq Personnel 28 42 130th Regiment 67 1,201 CO : Lt. Col., Clara LATYRETA, PA Ex 0-5-2: .piaj_. Teofilo RIVEA '111th Provisional Battalion 18 378 CO': Lt..Owen P. WILSON, AILS 112th Provisional Battalion CO : Lt. Anton HAATI , A .TS STEP3lRG Detachment 2 98

Total ,141 ' 2,308

After Tat4 Col CEIffDSS left,' t~-e organization was changed and it is believed the 107th B±v~.son now compises the area f the

''1009 130th Regiment and the 111th Battalion only, with some new areas south of Davao City. The 112th Battalion is reported to have been activated into 10th iPD Special Troops,

Status of equipment as of December,1944:

ARMIS ,A jIUTI I O 45 pistols 100 cal 30 141 83,889 TS MG 41 cal 30 M2 200,786 carbines 888 cal 45 45,303 rifles 580 cal 50 15,158 30 cal iG 2 20mm 1,232 50 cal MG 6 37mm 512 20mm (use unknown) 2 81mm 128 bazooka (pts missing)l. hand grenades 725 81mm mortars 4 bazooka 40 37mm 2 miscellaneous 806 miscellaneous 42

SECTI0ON IV. SULTJAREA C0PIANiL:

The Philippine Constabulary garrison in JoLo was rapidly over- come by the Japanese invasion 24 December 1941 and effective resistance throughout the Archipelago ceased almost at once. Rermants of the dispersed PC forces formed. the nucleus of subsequent guerrilla groups.

Tawi Tawi: st Tt. Alejandro TRESP:CES was the PC commander in the Tawi Tawi area when war broke out. His food stocks and supplies on Bongao were low and after the surrender he moved to Bato Bate. He had 30 men under arms at Bato Bato when Col. SUAREZ arrived in January 1943. A Lt. Anton TAN, school teacher and Reserve Officer in Jolo, was with the JoloUSAFFE force in December 1941, escaped when these troops dispersed,and sent to Sibutu.

Siasi-Johy .rea'ad Eal; Combined Command Attempt; When Capt. IMORGAIT visited Zamboanga in Noveiber 1942 he sent Lt. Abdulrahim ILvi .0, a Jolo Moro, from Zamboanga to organize the Sulu Guerrillas. IMl0 with Sgt. Ursula SIMPEK arrived on Siasi in December 1942. A guerrilla unit with few arms was organized on Siasi, attpcked the Japanese garrison and captured 30 rifles on 25 December 1942. Japanese forces attacked the Siasi guerrillas early in 1943.but the organization remained intact.

In the meantime progress was made with the so-called Sulu Com- mond. Contacts had been made and. the following.,sector's were organized:

Siasi Sector Lt. Konglam TIO Tawi Tawi Sector Lt. Alejandro TRBSPECES Silan,.gkan (Jolo) Sector Lt. Abdulrahim Ii'UA0 Naimbzng (Jolo) Sector t. A. AL Karunglung (JoLo) Sector Lt. E. AGGA Luuc (JoLo) Sector Lt. A. DATILJES >glibi.(Jobo) Sector lit. GALLSTEROS Bilaan (Job) Sector Capt. Arolas TTJTWIB

Lt. TIO was: a Reserve Officer, PA, called to active duty in 1940 and served with the 7lst.Infantry, PA (?), in the Philippine campaign. Heescaped to Sulu and was active with the guerrillas there until he was brought to Australia in late 1943. He later returned ad. is now with Col. SUAREZ on Tawi Tawi.

Jo o (and the Sulu Archipelago) is largely Moro aid ruled by many independent and jealous family leaders or datus (chieft 3n:r , hence unified control of the island is difficult for anti-Americans or anti- Japanese. Sultan OMBPA is the leading l4ro on Job and. one of the leading Moros in the Sulu. He claims rights to be successor to Sultan Jamalul KIRA.Mi, Sultan of Borneo and Sulu, who died in 1936. No successer was appointed. because of difficulties of payment of dues between Borneo and the ?hil ipp ine s, he Japanese cvurried Sutan OMBA ~'st favor by promising to 1nae him Sultan of Boreo and Sulu nd. to reestblsh his tri~;ues, hence many of the related families on Jolo are pro-Japanese and no western Jobo sector is really friendly to a unified guerrilla movement. Capt. Arolas TULAWIE is one of the few friendly leaders in the Luck-Talipas Sector in the western part of Jolo. ?zro-merican Moros are confined almost entirely to the eastern portion of the island where families who oppose 0MBIZ0 live. Datu T 'iBTJYOIG is the chief friendly leader in the Taglibi area (eastern Jolo) at present.

For a'long time only a small Japanese garrison was stationed in Joloand the guerrillas confined the Japs to Jolo town untilmid- 1943. At that time, the Japanese reinforced the garrison and literally destroyed organized guerrilla activity on JoLo.

125th Regiment (under Cob. FETIG): In February 1943, Col. Alejandro SAREiZ arrived at Tawi:Tawi, set up headquarters in Bato Bato and began to integrate the Sulu guerrilla organization from..-Tawi Tawi. He consolidated Lt. IiiiAOs efforts under-his command and the area became the 125th Infantry of the ivindanaoCommand in March-April 1943, after contact between Sulu and Mindanao was established.

Cob. Alejandre SUAREZ, 0-1174, PA, is about 47 years old, a Sanish Moro mestizo -and has served with the Constabulary, largely in Cotabato and the Sulus since 1914.. le has studied in the U.S., was Provincial PC Commander of Ca.gayan Province when war broke out and was transferred to Suu as Provincial Governor in 1941. When the Japanese landed at Taglibi, Jolo, in December 1941, SUAJA3Z was wounded in the fighting but escaped to Mindanao and served under Gen. FORT. Re surrendered with Gen. FORT, was taken to Qotabato by the Japanese a.a4. appointed Bureau of Constabulary Commander for that Province. In January 1943 he escaped to Tawri Tawi. He is reliable, capable, knows the Moros well, is respected and has many friends among them.

.A rudimentary free government was set up, supplies organized' and emergency currency was printed. The 125th Regiint was organized into three battalions, the first on Tawi Tawi, approximately 350 men; the second on Siasi, about 250 men; and the third on Jolo, a'c't 200 men. SUAREZs' Headq;uarters was on the Malum River near Bato Bato. The force is run almost entirely by his Lieutenants.

Action against the-Japanese was limited as arms and ammunition were extremely scarce. The Third Battalion was dispersed in August 1943 and many of the members went to Siasi, Siasi was heavily attacked in Sep- tember and the guerrillas dispersed, many. to Tatt1J Tawi. The Tawi Tawi area'was then attacked late in 1943 ancd again in June 1944. The guerrillas have only recently recovered from the pressure,

R. C. Civ IBZAII\, Corporal, USMvIC, arrived on Tawi Tawi in early 1943 and was active collecting supplies from Borneo. CKAIJIBIJRAII escaped from Corregidor in 1942 and arrived on Tawi Tawi after an event- ful trip to Panay,.Palawan and Borneo. He went to Mindanao in iarch- returned to Tawi Tawi for a brief mission and was evacuated from Mindanao in late 1943. In mid-1943 several Australian officers and EM escaped from the PN camp at Sandaka British North Borneo, and arrived on Tawi Tawi. From then until November of the same year when they left for Mindanao, they assisted SUAREZ in organizing and. training his guerrillas and led several successful attacks on the Japanese gsrrison at Bato Bato.

Capt. Frank YOUNTG, an American mestizo who was sent to Australia in mid-1942 by Col. THOB?, central Luzon guerrilla leader, went to Tawri Tawi with Capt. Jordan A. HAM1Rb. from SWTPA. in mid-1943 on a special mission. Re is now assisting Col SUAREZ; Capt. A1VIER was evacuated in early 1944. Lt. TIO came to Australia from Tawi -Tawi in early 1944 but was returned later and, is now on duty with STAEZ on a special mission.

Sulu Area Command: Because supply and communication lines from Mindanao were tenuous, Sulu was separated from, the Mindanao Com- mand. Cob. SUAIEZ was a ppinted Sulu Area Commander in February 1944 and the area has~been sup~lied separately. Col. SUXBE~fZ was ap-pointed CO at the tim when his forces were at lwest bb, and it a~usared that

-- 102 - the Sulu guerrillas would. disintegrate. Col. SAZ ,managed to reorganize them with the help of small amounts of SurpY~l)es from SWPA. The staff officers, so far as is kcnown, in early 1944 were:

CO: Col. Alejandro SUAREZ, PA Ex 0: 1st Lit. Alejandro TRSRCES G-2 :1st 1Lt. Ismnael R&TAG G3:3rd. Lt. Ursula SI vEX. G-4 tlet Lit. Yasin BAGIS

BATAG i~s a M~oro from Sinsunul, ROTC graduate with reserve commission. SIzPEA was a former USAF,7- Sergeant from Davao, went to Siasi with Lit. IIvJALi in December 1942, described as unstable and, easily confused.. BAGIS in an Arab-Nelro mestizo, brother to the acting' puppet governor of Sulu.

The dispositions and. local COs of the Sulu Area Command. in December 1944 were:

l st Rn, Tawi Tawi Area, CO unknown SouthTUbian ILt. IilSSINT 115 Liaum. Tabauan S. TUb :an Pvt. TAG.ALOG 10 Basbas Tawi Tawi Lit. Sabtal USMAIT, 115 Suba Liuson Taixi Tawi Lit. I17D A1\A)T 50 Tehem Tawi - Tawi Sgt. STRAT TAN\ 115 Cawacawa ,Tae rijTawi Lit, PAROJI 40 Tumongol Tauwr. Tawi Lit. DATILiES 12 Lianguyon Taw i Tawi Lit. A. LUDULii 115 * Liayya Tawi Tawi ( ) Lit. D. SIINDAGA 80 Sapa Tandubas Lt. M. AL.I 80 Sibutu Lit. ABDULi 25 Sitangkai Ttunindao Imamn A TI .60 Lookan Banaran Capt.. Ism~ael RATAG .65 2nd. Rn, Siasi.-Tapul Area,' CO unknown Xontod, Siasi Capt. Abdurahim I1iuAO 115 Pan dan Tapul Lit. A1,I3NG 15 N~orth Ub ian 3rd. Rn, Jobo Area, C.O unknown LIumakid. Jobo Capt. S. Yasin BAGIS 80 Mt Tumtangis Job Lit. Taib P'. SURIAN 70 Mt Ragsak Job Lt. RAIiJIN 50 Ipil Job o Lt. JTivAD IL 115 Liu apidmar sh Jo), o Lt.. KIBA N 60 Kulaykulay Jobo Chief N~AIN\ 30 Pangutaran Joo. Lit. ARDULASI 60 Total 1,477

Guerrilla activity has increased throughout the Sulu within the past several months. The patriots on Siasi have regrouped their forces and. now control most of the island.. On Jobo the Jap Constabulary garrison has dispersed, most of. the members surrendered to the guerrillas and. the pupp~et. government is reported. to have been captured..

Independent Guerrilla: "Colonel" Tome BITENG~ is the leader of a small i'ndependent guerrilla organization Iin the Tawi_ Tawi area. Very little is known of this unit but it is believed. that he is an. ex-USAF E officer from Panay whose outfit is concerned. mostly with shipping rice to North Bomneo and. profiteering on the sugar trad~e between Negros and. the Subus. He has kept his connections .with Panay guerrillas and. was probably encouraged. by them to seek arid. indepxndent command. Re has not. cooperated with Col. ST3APEZ but expressed his willingness to take instructions from GHQ. He sent a mission to Austr~lia in mid-1944 and. BIT TG. himself came to Leyte in November. He left Leyte for Suliu in February 1945.

Borneo Area: The Sulu A.rea Command has had. contact with most parts of northeast Borneo largely throQugh the assistance of Lit. Jose VM1~flA (now on special mission to northern Luzon). A patrol early in 1943 obtained. contri.butions of money and. arms from' patriotic civilians

- 103 - along the Borneo coast and later expeditions have been able to capture arms and ammun.tion from the Japanese and puppet troops in that area. In April 1943, contact was also made with a Chinese-led- guerrilla band of about.300 men operating east of Jesselton in North Borneo. The organizer and leader of this unit, Albert I, N. KWOK, was commissioned a 3rd Zt. by Col, FERTI-G and his unit was attached unofficially to the Sulu Area Command at JCW0K's request.

1(110K claimed to tie a Chinese doctor, in;.the I edical Corps, Chinese Armiy, until 1937 when he was assigned to intelligence in Mialaya and Sarawak. After the occupation of Borneo, he.organized a small guerrilla unit near the Japanese garrison at Jesselton, He heard of Col. STAREZ through a Moro trader and persuaded the trader to take him to Tawi Tawi, arriving in liay 1943, lie went back to Borneo, came again to Tawi Tawi in June 1943 with money and much needed medical supplies and stayed until September.

In October 1943, the guerrillas attacked Jesselton and, held the town for two days. The Japanese retaliated with a large attack and drove the guerrillas into the hills. The organization as reported to 'l.ispersed and KI'T0K returned to Jesselton. It is rumored that he was killed in January 1944. Contact is still maintained between Col. SUARBZ and LIM King Fatt of the Jesselton guerrilla unit.

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1auI[sundaayI IN~DEX AN\D LIST OF PERSONTALITIES

ABAY, Lit. Masbate guerrilla 59 ABANTTE, Pedro Liocal guerrilla leader in Naduldulon on Dumaran Island. ABAO, Capt. Ru~bin Formerly Bn CO, now Ex 0, 74th Inf, 78 Northwest Negros Sector, ABARITO, Lit. Francisco Asst Engineer', Bohol Area Command. ABAS, Capt. Bn 00, 74th Infantry near Bacolod, N'egros 0cc. ABAYGAR, Capt. Mariano S. G-2, 72nd Dliv, assigned Sep 43. 78 ABBOTT, Pfc Clyde M. 14th Bomb Sq; guerrilla near Balinga- 94 sag, ivisamis Or. ABCEDE, Lit, Col. Salvador Commander, 7th Nil, District 38,49,69,77 O-15209 PA ABDUL, Lit. Guerrilla l.eader in 1st Rn, 125th 10Q3 Regt,, Sibutu ABDTJIASI, Lt. Guerrilla, leader in 3rd Rn, 125th 103 Vogt,, Sulu Archipelago. ABEIARJE, Lit. Hector M. S--2 in 74th Infantryr area, Negros. ABELLtN1ELit. Bohol liaison officer to Ceb. 81 ABELLIANA, Gov.1ilari o Pre-war governor of Cebu, puppet 363,37 governor until Jan 1943; loyal, work~ed for CUSHINsG until captured in Sep 1944. ABELiIANOSA, Capt. Ricardo G-4, 108th Div, Lanao 92 AB IA, Capt. Luciano Former PC officer; organized small 7 guerrilla group at Basey, Samar, which merged with Lit, Col. CAUSING. ABILA, Lit. ANDREW's officer who visited FITTON.. OTUSHING on Cebu in Nay l943, ABLAJN, Ioque Pre,-war governor of Ilocos Norte. A - 45 guerrilla leader active in Ilocos Norte and. Abx'a until mid-1943. He is believed to be still alive and free. but probably not active. ABOGADO, Gregorlo B. Exrepresentative; appointed Governor 6 of Samar -1r BRR1TT succeeding ivaj. SABAIE . ABORlDO, Gaudencio E. Pro--war Governor elect of Ialawpn, new 63 with guerrillas and the Governor of Free Palawan. Has cooperated fully with guerrilla units. A$TJBAKAR, Datu Active Moro guerrilla on Ganaszi- Malabang Road. Native of U~yaan, Lanao. ACANTIL flOR., Capt. Dominador Bn CO 86th Inf, Begt., Cebu ACHA~COSO, Capt. Eutiquiano 0. PA Inf~, Res, was on active duty as CO Cebu training cane before the surrender; now with Hq Bohol Force. ACOP, Capt. Tomas Guerrilla leader Mountain Province. 42 AOSAY, 2nd 'Lt. Vicente R. S-2, 2nd 3n, 65th Combat team, Panay 54 AJDDURUJ, Marcello Former Governor of Cagayan 40,41,42 Provirnce; cooperated with N j, PRAEGER until Ju~ao 143 when he surrendered to the Japanese in order to act as a secret intelligence agont for the guerrillas.. ADEHVOSO, Eleuterio (alias Ex 0, HUNTERS; became CO in Aug 43; 20,21 Col. Terry MAGTANTGOLi) Central Luzon, ADEUANO, Lit. Col. Possibly with MARKINGS, AGAPUYAN , 2nd Lit.,;'Tomas A. S-2 of Northeast Negros Sector.

- 105.- AGGA j Lt. E. Guerrilla leader Karu~nglung (Jobo) 101 Sector., AC0NES , Manue3,a .He and. his brother are guerrilla leaders in the Danlig area, Palawan. AGUAM, Datu Dipatuan Pre.-war Mayor of &anassi, Lanac, leading Mvoro figuire. AGUAM, Pandaxdamnan P. LanaMoe, pre~war school teacher, very intelligent. and. exceptionally honest, of growing influence, working with guerrillas.. AGUILAR, Maj. Leader of small unit 'in Albay P'rov. 2:9 AGUIIJAR, Capt.. Virgilio S. Former G.-2 110th Div; now G- 2 107th b6,1CO Div, Davao Prov. AGUSTIN, Marcos Villa Leader of ARKING GuerrilJ~as, central 19 -uon, ALA BASTRO ,.Eduardo 6th MD Manila agent. 67 ALA.BAST2R0, Capt. V. A. Director of Luzon 6th MD Intel net 67 from Batangas. ALAI\IES, Lt. Thtiquio Active and. reJiable 30 year old. Fill- pine, originall~y with K$RSON and. then with TI3 .A at Brook; Ys Pt, Palawan.. 0--2, Bohol Command, June 44 81,82 ALARCO\T, Lt. Early guerrilla 00, Zamboanga City 86,87 area ALXVA, 2nd. Lt. Gregorio L. 5--3,' 65th Combat Team, Panay 54 ALBA, Col. G. Was 00 of HUNTER unit;' killed Apr 44.~ ALBE A, Maj. Maximo 00, 86th Inf tegt, Ce'bu; reported 38 very able and. one _of the best military men on island.; was 2nd. Lt, USAFFE;. AL3BORNO0Z, Capt, Cagayan Prey, 6th IUD intel agent. 66 ALGE, Lt. Succeede'd.Lt. T OACG4as head. of' guer- 65 villas at Brooke's Point, Pal~awan, and, was later replaced by QCapt m MA.YOR. fleportod. to be unreliable and. considered. by some people to be a possible leakage of informationA ALE.IE, Dr. Fejlix A. Bn Surgeon under Maj. RTJFFY, believed to be still with RJFFY_ on Mindoro, ALEJAJsDRII\O, Jose Secretary, Military committee .of 14,15, HUKAI AJAPS. AILFAPA IVMa j, Catalino Former Capt, PA. CUSHING 0Bn CO in south Cebu; AIJFORQTE, 1it Lt. ?or±'Trio 5-3, 72nd. Field Arty Regt, East N'egros '78 Sector, ALI', I t . A, Guerrilla leader Maimbuig (Jobo)- 10? Sector, AL, Lt. M. Guerrilla,. leader Tandubas Id,- 103' Tawi Tawi.e ALIAS, Vicente Member of MI.A.RTIKA, Luzon. 45 AL~IGAN\, Capt. Antonio A, S--4, 63rd. Combat Team, Panay 53 ALI1PALA, Celso Guerrilla leader reported.-surrender,- 61 ed in Sep 1943 eny Mindoro. ALiMANT, Datu More, early guerrilla leader 97,98 Cotabato, AIIND00A1, Lt. Aloniso Trusted. officer of .LPUS, Sorsogon Proe AL0INTO, Senator A2lua Sultan sa RAM4XIh, represented. Mores to the Japanese, avoidod too open collaboration (7), recently reported to have turned. back' to the guer!- rillas; one of the most prominent Mores in Lanao. AIL00T, Capt.: Liaison for VOLCKMA\Ti Hq, visited AN~DERSON ts Hq Sep 1944:. ALOflA, Col, Pablo leader of Saboteurs, associated with 20 11,A KITGS.

-106 ! Pace AI3OVA, Capt. Seraf in S,.2 and. S- 3, 74th Infantry., North-- 78 west NeTgros 'Sector, ALPAS, Capt. Felipe 'Co, 1st Bn, 65th Combat Team,-Panay 54 AL-flASCHID, Capt. All Chief of Police, Baguio and ex--PA 42 officer. ALTABEJOS, Lat..A. ESCUDERO officer, Sorsogon, IxA.PUJS 30 accuses him of complicity in mur'- ders of several of his men. AI4Uq, Datu NJiguel Moro guerrilla leader at N\unungan, Lanao. ALVAB'EZ, A. Captu'red. in Manila, Jan 1944. 43 ALVABEZ, .Jose With ENRIQJEZ guerrillas in northern 41,42 Luzon. ALV OLaA, Capt. Demetrio 3rd Lat. PA Res. now Ian 00, 75th Inf, Negros, AMIIA\GSA, Sultan Ombra Leading kvoro on Jobo, pro-Japanese, 101 puppet governor of Sulu; commonly known as OM1BRA. 2nd Bn, Pandan, Tapul (125th Regt), 103 AN4ONO, Capt, Pabl o CO RU BAla4JAP #3 Squadron. 16 AM0RBI , Capt. Carlos Fov'mer policeman at the Coron mines, 63,65 organized mine workers and led attack against Japanese guards; escaped-to north Palawan and. served as guerrilla leader with the C0UB brothers, Maj. MA TNIGQUE, and is now CO of Company "0" of the Palawan Special Bn in central north 'alawan. Described as quiiet, intelligent, pro-American, and. a good leader. AN~DAL, 2nd. Lt. .odoclf aP. S-4 of the Palawan Special Eat'talion. 65 AITDAIJ, V. Luzon 'operative for 6th MDO 67 AND1ERSON~, Maj. Bernard, USA, guerrilla leader 9,10,11,16",17,19,21 in Tayabas.5 22,255,31,33,68 ANDIA, Daniel ESCUDJETk0 man, Sorsogon Province. ANTDRES, Capt. Pedro Early guerrilla leader, Lanao, now 89,92 C0 120th Regt. ANTDREWS, L~t. Col. Edwin 0/S to PENDATUN when latter was 12,31,76 guerrilla leader in Bukidnon. 93,91 Friend of VILIT4AMOR, took~ his place when VILIAMO1R evacuated to Australia in Oct 43. Evacu- ated. from N'egros to T~eyte, 1945. ANSI, Sgt, Casiano An o dt imp member of the PC, was help-- 63. ful to the 0 brothers in organizing the early guerrillas on Palawan. Is dependable and. excellent in hand.- ling men, AnNNiI, Imam Guerrilla leader in let Bn, 125th Regt 103 Sitangkai, Tumindao, Sulu. ANO1'UVO, Lat. Company officer under MVaj. RTTY, be- 61 lieved to be still with M~ai, RUFFY, M~indoro. ANTONTIO, Capt. Eugenio Pre--war mav-nr of San Carlos; was with 73 GAD0R and now with 7th MDl as Bn 00, 7th Pray. Refit, Negros Or. APOSTOL, 3rd. Lt. Francisco Form~er .PC or' PA 1iCO, Was member of early guerrilla unit under Dr. MENDJ)ZA on Palawan. APUAN, lot Lt. Romeo 6th MVD Isabela Prov. agent 67 AQUI'TO, -Col. L~ead~s band of MRKINGO guerrillas near Cardona, -R izal.. Pro-American, AQUJI1N., 'orendo With EN\R GUEZ guerrillas., northern 43 ,Luzon,

10?' p ge AQTJ1NT, Capt. tebnardo HEJNT t contact man, Subic,. Zarnbales., 11 AZRMNADA, MVa j . Est ba2. CO lot Rn, 66th Combat Team,. Panay,, 55 ARA TADOR, Copt b .egel io Tt.. S3 , .2nd Combat Team,..Panay. 5.3 AR~IL~A~Capt.}. Isaias G-1 "A"tCorps,- western Mindanao 9 ARCE,iLetI. $afael CO,' Cavite, ICLGA. 11 ARJOITA, Lt. Col, Engracia Senior officer' PQO&, Batangas ARMIL., Capt, CU$INTG Regim~ental Off icer, Cebu. With .ILg+RLL, Zambales.. ARNOIJD) Maj. Robert H. SC, reported to be with ,t.Col. INAY-AR 6-358192 in late 1942; now with VOLCK4A.MT AR0INSON'TJLty Francis Pre--war Iloilo business man. 48 Assigned Sara Air Base Squadron u~nder gurrillas, evacuated to Australia 1944. ARQUJE, Nelecio Local guerrilla leader in Maduldulon, fuxaran .Island. ARSENO, Capt El p.io CO 99th Infantry., Samar. 5 ARTECE, Pedro Guerilla leader Sta Rita,. Samar. 7, 8 AR~THU, Capt. William Next in seniority after Maj. Walter 39 CUSH{ING and inheritor of the lat~- ter'ts command of remnants of the 121st Inf in .Abra. and. La Union Pravs. Captured by the Ja-os late in 1942, ARUIYAC, Capt. i'acaurog Mvoro, early guerrilla leader in Lanac, 91 now CO 124th Regt. ARZANGA, Jacobo Guerrilla leader in the Araceli area on Dumaran Island. Bn C0, 121st Regt mid-1943. 86 ASIS, Capt. Early guerrilla leader at Caraga, 100 Dlavao. AS IS, Sgt.. de Wild guerrilla leader near Tanja.y, 73 N~egros Or; possibly associated with G.',OR at one time~ ASIS, Capt. Fidel D. d~e Fix 0 to 4 ROIBI2S,. CO 64th Combat 54 Team, Panay. AS$ILLA, Lt, Col. Julian C. 42 years old., graduate of CA, 72,73,79 1928; was C/S f or C!.D0R, rebelled. against him and was C/S 73rd Provo fDiv, in central Negros Or. ATWELL, James F'ormerly with STR UGIV; then 'C/S z'iz 17019754, AC ~TGS; now with ANDERSON, Tayabas Prov. AIJ(GIST0, Bioto Guerrilla leader at Pumaran on Dumaran Island. AtJIEUS, Lt, Leon Sa. Second in command of O4.Y2ES Unit, 25; 26,29 Camarines N\orte. ATJSEJO, Ma j Placido 4. Original commander 74th .egt in 69.,73,74 0-1213 , PA southern NeTgros; now 7th MD~ G-3, 75,76,77 AVAINflOSA School, teacher and. guerrilla leader in Bantulan, Palawan, AVIDO, lst ILt. 'eUifranco S-4, 2nd, Rn, 2nd Combat Team, Mae-- 5358 bate under TINS ION\T&0. AvZN r9, 1st Lt. Jose V. S-2, 2nid Rn, 63rd Combat Team, Panay. 53 LVIL ,S, Sgt, In LkPUSt unit. Charges that ESCUDE.O abducted his father and son, Sorsogon Prove AZACARRA, Isaac Same as Lt. N'icolas P RiIN~. One of 57 2TIO0J ,t sbrothers (Masbate)-. AZACAA, Jesus Real name of Juan VILLAOJADA, Masbate 57 guerrilla leader. AZACA',RA., ariano Real name for Xt, R. BIJSTiaMNTE, Mas-- 57 bate guerrilla.

3AACO, 3rd. Lt. Andres Ex-USAF H Sgt on Bataan, EHx 0 of "B" Sector under the Palawan Special Rn.

*- 10 9~ BACLAGON, Maj. Uldarico Graduate of PMA 1940, now C/s, 70,78,79 0-1687, PA 72nd Div, Negros; can be trusted., BAGALAY, Amado EI TER CO, Manila and Rizal. 21 BAGIS, Lt. Yas4!.n 0-_4, 'Sulti Area Command: now 3rd Bn .103,104 Iumakid, Jobo (7). BAGUAY, Capt. Salvador Ex 0, 3rd. Combat Team, Panay. 53 BAGTJINDAALI,- Anonngo Moro, early guerrilla leader in ILanao, 91 now CO '128th Regt. BAHTIN, Lit. Guerrilla leader in 3rd. Bn, Nit 103 Bagsaik, Jobo (125th Regt). BAJAR, 1st It. Clemente V. S--2, 2nd Bn, 2nd. Combat Team, Mas~-/ 53 ,58 bate, unider TAITSI01NGCO. BAJAR, Capt. Vicente fentist on Cuyo Island, served as 63,65 Captain on Bataan, escaped to %uyo and assisted CO2BB brothers and kiaj. MATXGQ.IE in organizing guerrillas. Believed. to be serving under the Palawan Special Battalion. BAL, Capt. Regal o Mdj. 108th Div, Lanao. 92 ~3AL.AJAD IA, Lit. CO, Saloan (Zamboanga) Sector end. 1942. BALDERIAN, Lt. Col. Alejandro CO of north Leyte guerrillas under 114 KN GEOIN.. Had. headquiarters near Jaro, inland. from Tacloban, i.n spring 1944, BALL, Capt. Robert 10th TVA Communications Officer, now 44,96 Luzon intelligence, agent. BALLESTEROS, Lit. Guerrilla leader Taglibi (Jolo) 101 sector. BALOL©Y, 2nd Lit. Ambrosio Former Ex0 under Capt, MvENDOZA whom he.. succeeded. as CO of .1111Company, Palawan. Served 13 years with PA. BALiTAZAR, M'aj. Alejandro Former medical ;officer for FNTON; believed still with CUSEIiW-, Cebu. BALYEGAS, Pedro CO HU AAJA? 11th (and 12th?) Regional 16 Comman~d. BANAAS, Lit. Wilfred~o CC, 1711 Company, Masbate guerrillas 58 under TA3?TI01NGC0. BANAL, Maj. Jose CO KUBALAJAP Regt Command Nr 1. 15 Reported. A4,j of dual FENT01\ -CUSH.1NG 35 BA.NATE, MVaj. Marcial unit in June 1943, Cebu. May have been executed, BA1N11AL, Rosendo P. Sheriff, Provincial Board. memnber, 6 Samar. BAN DOUILjIa, 2nd. Lt. Venancio Ad j, 77th ..rov. Regt, Negros Or., 79 Former PC Sgt, hard. wor1iing, brave, .BAQUrJAO,* 3rd. Lit. Filemon and. reliable; now serving a6 Supply Officer for guerrillas at Brooke's point-, .Palawan. BABKILLIAN, It. Led. group of guerrillas on Leyte; alias 2 Col. FLORES. BARNETT, Maj. George Mv. Was 1et ILt, at time of surrender; 39,43 0-890389 promoted. since by V0L~v'A'1T. Eas been active with guerrillas in the area north of-San Fernando,. La Union, since mid-1942;. formerly with ENR.IQUEJZ guerrillas. BARR,. Ma j.Eub ert E. Ex--USN\. civilian employee, formerlyr with :JLAINGS; now near Infanta, Tayabas. BA ANTES. Lit. Guerrilla on Leyte.. in summer of 1943. BARBARA, Je sus Judge, Court First Instance, Manila, 18 *connected., with F. P., BRIAZA., B. . uerri1.la on Leyte July 1943. BARREBA, Jose B. Ex 0 to .Y. YATAR, CC 64th Combat Team, 54 Panay. BA3RBTO, 3rd. lit. Ernesto B. Ex 0 of 'A" Company of BEI1Q1CI0's com- mend, Mindoro. BAR. Cant.

-109- BARQOS,. ,raj.. Russell: Agent. for AJDERSO1T in Bicols. 17,33 RA. BJECO, Oapt' ... + 6th ,'1 Manila agent.. BASAIT, Ramon With PIRAEGER July 1943 and contact 40 ~an for P*AFGER, northern Luzon.. BATAAIT,. Francoisc-o Ali;as for An.selmo .GONZ .GA. BATAPA, Col. Th pe rto. 4ABKNG Guerrillas. BLTAY0ITG, ,l et it.T risad Ex 0,.st D is tr ict 1AHAF-LIKA, .Luzon, 45 BATOG., Capt. QuWrino S2Z, 76th -Infantry,. central. ITegros 78 Sector~. BA x3rd ttFelipe- CO of "B" Coppany,. Palawan Special 65 Battalion, B3ATRA, .Lit. -Cod:..O egar io Present C/S. to- CU WZNG, Cebu. Maj. 35, 37, 38 J... VX~~I0R said. "not very bight but plenty of guts";- was lst'"1Lt. T AFE$. BAUTISTA, Antonio Attorney, oonnedted with F4.. Manila. 18, BATISTA, Col. Atilovna Alias for Anselmo GONZAGA. BATTISTA, ?apt.. Jesus CO under MEB.CAD0, Negros Or'. BAVRIA, _.Capt. One of G'D0RT s relatives, placed by him 73 in his organization as G-4, BAXTER, Lt. Thomas Leader in attack on Butuan, ,Aguea s, 95 May 1943. Aggr'essive and fearless fighter. BAYLON: ~Maj. ;ui s 30 years-old, active with guerril1? 70y78 las in north Negros since 1942; was Ad.j but is now D c/S, 72nd Div and C0 74th Inf. BAYLOSIS, Sgt. Jose Arrived on 'a7.awan from Panay with arms and ammuni tion for the Palawan Special Batta:lion. BAYRONh Capt. Sof io . CO 84th Inf, Bohol Force, 1944. 82 BEE, 1st Sgt. Paul Was with PREGR Feb 1943, northern 40 Liuz on. BELL, Mr. (or Maj.~) Roy Visited FETN GU..SHINTG in March 74, 75, 76 1943 as representative of Maj. J. 4. VI Lli,40R. Important. fig,' ure n south Negros guerrilla movement. B.ELLi, 2nd Lit. Antonio BCLiGA liaison officer to 10th 0D. To Mindanao Feb 1944 and then return via Panay. BELLO, 1 st Lit. Jose M.F. ~0, 2nd An, 66th Combat Team, Panay. 55 $EI.ONCIO, Capt. Esteban P. Guerrilla leader in Mvindoro. Forme~r 61,62 Eh 0,under Maj. RUMF and 'prese't commander of the Mindanao guerrillas for the 6th i D, BELiONGCIQ, Capt. Ruel G. Mindoro guerrilla. 62 BERENG1ER, Lit.. C, 5--2, 121st Regt, Zamboanga, mid-1943. 8'6 BER1NABE, Lit. In WYaAPMilarea Mvay 1944. BERNALPEZ, 3rd Lit..,A.. On duty with G--2, Bohol Force. BEFRTALES, 3rd Lit. Leopoldo 5-2, 1st Ban, 66th Combat Team, Panay. 55 BERINABD0, Col Severino Alias for Anselmo GONZAGA. BERNIDQ., Capt. Esteban Ex 0 to IlTGENTER0, began to reorganize' 81,82 guerrillas after Japanese campaign, June 1944, BohQol, BITENTG, "Col" Tome Leader of small independent guerrilla 103 organization in Tawi Tawi area. BLACKcBURN2, Ma j.... Donald fDo. 57th Inf, reported first in Feb 1943 40,44 by PBRAEC-ZR; active in .the' cent ral Mountain .Prow area and .sector CO there under V0TCKMANIT now.. MlAWCA$, Capt. Victor iauo USAFE garrison. commander on Bohol; sur- 80 rendered to the Japanese... BLiOW, Capt.. Rex,; ,CIF Austraian, was G-2?r"A" Corps, western 92 Mindanao 1943 ;?-Pa, escaped from Sandakan., Former. finance Serge-n.t .:.ow .23,24, 25,26 leacding VI1NS01S Travellng 27..29..32

110. . BONA1NG Woman, organizer of Pulahanes, un-- 8 friendly gu~errilla. group on Samar. B0iNIILA, Capt. .Active 1eader in attack on . tU.an!, Agusan, May 1943. Asst G-3, iVAHAfIIKA, northern ILuzon, 45 Al ias Diego SILANG. BOONE, Capt. John Leader of Bataan~ guerrillas. 10,11 3ORJA, Capt., ,dward~o C0 3rd. Sector under VQLCKAI11, 44 BORJA, 1st Lt, Teogenes Assistant G-2, Bohol Force. B0O3SALE$, Maj. Abenir Graduate of PMAl 1940, now. CO, 76th 78979 0-1691, PA Inf in N.~egros Occ. central sectors In northern Luzon at time of 19,43, 78, 79 "011801, PA surrender,, was associated with NAA' 14th Inf' in central Luzon in 1942. Was Sig 0 attached to Fil- American Guerrilla troops in IManila, Jan. 1944. Now G-3, .72nd. Div. BQWEI . .William Member of 26th~ Cay in northern Luzon .40 under V0LCKIATNT, BOWLER, Lt. Col. Robert ATJ.S. On MIindanao with 91st Div, 912,93 TSAFE at time of surrender. Es- csaped to hills & joined. guerrillas, organizing Bukid4non under 10th I command of Col. FBRTIG. Later made CO of "~Al Corps, western Mindanao;. capable and. good. organizer. BRA1W0IN Maj. Anthony J.t Attached 'I KING eadqua 'ters. BBAS'ILA0, Capt. Sofronio Ad j and S-b 3rd. Combat Team,. Panay, 53 BRAZLETOtN, Earl With PBAEGER (26th Cay) northern Luzon. 40 BRITLLATTES, Maj. Pab'lo J. Ad j and S--1, 63rd, Combat TeamlP Panay, 53 BRI0OTES, Capt. ,One of ENRIQU2Z's Bn C s, captured 42 and killed. BROWN~, Stephen Ex-motorcycl~e police, Manila' Ordnance Officer, HUNTERS. BUDlELL, Capt. AssertedliT American officer. connected with LATJS, Sorsogon Prov, BIYEA ' Capt. Ramnon G-3, 107th Dliv, Davao, 100 BULAN, Lt. Benito Work~ed with. Governor ADDUEPU in Isabela. 40 BULAy, elito (same as above?) One of Ei\RTQUZ original officers, P1MA 42 1941, Was S-1l pr S-4 in the 14th Inf when ENRIQU+Z was under WARNER as Ex 0. Surrendered. ai4 now bclioernd free in Isabel. BIWfAO,. Benito. Guerrilla leader at, Boh~ol on .Dumaran Island. BUflsTALSO, 3rd Lt'. Pablo 12 years service with the PC. Sias'been .active wit~h the guerrilla's at Brooke's Point, Palawan. BtJ1TALI S, fDatu Moro from Mas.!x, one of first M'oros 91 in that district to resi~st the Japa- nese; active sincA. BUTJNE,Gpl.. Robert 31st Inf', escaped ?W.with RAJ'SBY; now believed with AN\DERSON.T BUSTANA1NTE, Lt. Roland. One of VALLAOJ.ADA' s brothers (Masbate), 57 assumed name of Marianio AZACXRRA.. C-

CABAGNOT, Lt. Intelligence chief, Cebu City, captured August 194 4, CABAI.S, Sgt. Coastwatcher, flumaran Id., Palawan. 65 CABAL, Geonimo, Insp. Gen, HUNTRS, central Luzon, CABALFIN, Ma j:. Epifano C0, 3rd. Bn, .63rd. Combat Team, Panay. 54 CABALITT1 Co1.. Leon Z... Leader of Oldtimers; reckless,..cour-- 19 ageouas leader of iiARYKI1C group,. Rizal--Laguna; well known. CABALLERO,.3rd..Lt,,.Jose S--3, 65th Combat Team, Panay. 55 CAA A, Cat. Bartolomeo. ADERSON' s G-2 in Bulacan. ' 17

-- 11) - OAB4TO, Lt. Ernesto Bn C0,' 121st Regt.., . Zamboanga, mid~- 86 1943.. OABXILZ, Capt., Tomas Guerrilla leader with PENDATUN -in 9295.398 Cotabato; now in Lanao.. CABILING, Capt-. ; Higino. Guerill~a on Leyte in July 1943; 3 attached to G--2,. ANGLA0N11s Staff.. CAINTS, Alejandre erlaGuerrilla leader in the Capayas area,.. Palawan. CABONOS, 3rd Lt. ,'1ozencio Asst, G-2, NAEA.LIKA Guerrillas. 45 CABONOS, Juan Asst G-4, IAHRAPLI1A Guerrillas. 45 CABBEA, .Lt, Pacifico .Former Sorsogona PC officer.. Believed to still be with L,.APUS.. CABREBAS, Pacifio Leader of group near Baliuag, Bulacan, 22 CADIAO, Capt. Silverio CC, tVn Co, '1st Combat Team, Panay.. 52 CADLE, Capt. Riciiard Am~erican; with MEILLJ guerrillas, Zambales Province...- CAFE, Ma j. Gregorio G-1l, 72nd, Div,'Negros Occidental.. 78 CAIGNEY, Lt. Col Janies CO Laguna Tfnti, FAIT, central Luzon. CAGUJLE (CAP LIE ?) Alias; EKB1AJAPCO N\ueva 'cj and towns of north Bulacan.. CAJDThON, Capt, Iiarciona CUSEING regimental officer in south 35 Cebu; formerly let Lt. USA FE; successor to a4 brother-in-law of JAIE0SALjEJI. CALIXTO, Guill ermo Alias; see Geronimo CABAL~. CALVERT, M~'a. Parker West Point class of 1938; has 39,40,43,44 0-20794 been active with' guerrillas near 3agui o since mid-.1942 f or merly wi th ENRIQJEZ guerrillas.. CALYER, It. Col. Peter D. Ex 0 to Lt. Col. M RRIIZ, Zamba~1es. ' 10 0-17116, 26 Cay CAM~P, ..1t It. Francis F. In Zaxbales with NEBBILL. 40 CAI4LA, Maj. D). J.. Former PC off icer in .Albay, Now 27, 28,,29 with Sandico, CANAPES, 1st Itt. Francisco S-2 and 5-3, 77th Prov, Regt,,Negros 79 Oriental. CANON, Capt. Leader of' small guerrilla group in .7 SW Samnar absorbed by ARTECHE. C.APAYAS, Ma j. I. M. Former PC off'icer in Albay. Now 27929 Chief of ,Staff' for ZAIBAT.. CAP P N, Maj. Mar cial Son of Gen. CAPI1PIN, Ec 0, 65th Cowm- 54 bat TJeam, Panay. CAPISTRA.NO, Maj. N. Adjutant 10th Iml guerrillas. 85 CAPONT, Capt. Guerrilla on Leyte in July 19,43. CAPPADOC IA, Guill ermo Pre'-war communist leader, strongly 14,15 pro-Filipino, now propagandist for I J .ALAJAPS CARABAY Local Political leader and. a member of the guerrillas in the Capayas area,.. Pal~awan. CARAN, Fermin Puppet Gover'nor,. P'anay. 56 CARAi.NDANG, Sgt. Antonio Lives at barrio Calawag, 'alawan; is well acquainted with the island and th-e people; reported.to be intelligent and thoroughly trustwor'thy.. CABA1DiANG, Jose, Jr. Engaged in Guerrilla e~tivities in the Calauag area, Palawan, with his brothers. CABA1DANG, Jose, Sr.. Cooperates w~ith his th~ree sons, Jose Jr. Luis,. and.Antonio, in their gy~errilla activities in the Calauag area, Palawan. CAR=1~ANG', Luis Engagod in guerrilla' activities in the Calauag area, Palawan, with his brothers.. CARBONELLA, I1st Lt.. Roberto Ex 0, 3rd Bn, 65th Combat Team, Panay. 55 CAIRO, Lt. Former- joint leader. with Lt. 0IJINQUI0 25 of T.1'.~. Feder'ation Guerrillas in Camarines Sur. Now with PADUA.

11-2 CAEIB1E $ee CTIRAN. CARfEOW, Ma~jCeferino .S, CO, Srd. Bn, 65th Combat Team, Panay# 55 CABRE01U, 'Father J' Chaplain, .HUNTERS. CARSON, Waj. Abert Ameri.can attached to MARKINGS. CARYAO, 2nd It Juan F. Exc Q, Marinduque Guerrillas. 59 CASTIGAD~R .Capt. Jose . Adj .and S-.1, 64th Combat. Team, Panay. 54 CAST ILLO % Guerrilla leader in the Taredungan area, Palawan, is considerid trustworthy though he has caused a great deal of internal. dissension within the guerrillas in this area. QASTILLO, Ltt With IA.US, Sorsogon Province. CASTIJO.. Tlit, Ver'y good off icer, Bn officer, 74th Inf near Saravia, Negro s Occidental. CASTILLO., Armando. (Anaado?) del In'charge of mass organization of HUJI-. 14 BA4:AAPS . CAST ILLO, Maj. Jose Mledical Officer with CUSH{ING, Cebu. CA$TILLO, Capt. I.aurencio Filipino in Zaaboanga City area working with 121st in' Very reliable: Highest commander of HIJBA 4AJPS. 13,16 CASTiILION,: Ma j . Er berto former. civil Relations Officer,. 6th D -51 now Ex 0 to Lit. Col. REIjT~iTIA, Panay. CASTRO, Lit.' In July 1944, 6 PMC pilots under Lt. CASTRO reported to ESC1JDERO for duty, Sor sogon. CASTRO, Maj. Crispino de Chief of Staff, 109~th Div,3-ukidnon.' 94 CASTRO, 1st Lit. Delf in.S. G-1, -AI3RSO 1rs Ball Military area, 17 Bulacan. CASTRO. Manuel de LAPUS sent in application for co }mission-for this man;,:Sorsogon. CATtrBLAS, 1st L.t. Pedro Early guerrilla leader' on Cuyo; 'hasa served as Bn 0 for the 6th I~ under M.vaj. 1J GU and later underMa j. MUYCO. Reported to be reliable, trustworthy, and conscientious. CAUSING, lIt. Col. Juan Former C/S, to KAGLON; guerrilla 607,8 leader 'iiusouthern Samnar. CENTINO', Maj.. Ciriaco With guerrillas in North Leyte. W'as 102 in command' of Boraibod, Leyte, garrison in Mvay 1943. Had othe* rmen at Jaro, Gapas, and Santa Cruz. CENTINO, Maj. Isabelo CO of a guerrilla unit. Reported. in 1 North Leyte in sum~mer of 1943. _Son of Ciriaco CENTINO. CMBEIN, R.... Cpl,;. SMC., active in securing supplies; 103 evacuated 1943. CH.APiANI Lit. Gerald S. USA. Ca~de man at radio station on Leyte in March 1944. CRAVES, 3rd Lit. Diondadio C. S--4," 3rd Combat Team, Panay .53 OHAVES, Lit. Col Julian .Asst Ex 0 to Lt.- Col. 46,47,52,53.,55 TJNI'A. 0HAVES,. Capt. ILuisde Senior' off icer Pq,OG, Batangas.. CH ECA, Cap;.. Gabriel Fix 0, end Bn, 65th Combat Team., Panay. 54 CHICANO, Espulastico Auditor, Provincial. Board,. Samar'. 6 CRIER, }Iuang Cot-Chinese anti-Japanese' guerrilla 17 force, central Luzon. CHILDRESS, Lit. Col. Clyde Active in early history 110th D~iv; 95, 96, 99 CO,- 107th Div until evacuation. 100 January 1945,, CHRISTIE, Gen. TS4FXE Comdr 61st PA Div, Panay, 46 C~xYNOWETH, Gen. (iSA, US4FFE Commander at Cebu, captured.. 34 Purp rtedly commissioned FNTON and ordered htm ABELL4NA and ~MOIDS (?i) not to .surrpender duo. to their anti- Japanese activities.

_. 113- Page QID, Cipriano Ex 0 of Antonio FRANCISCO guerrilla 10,18 unit in Zambales and connected with s'.P. CINCO,. Col. Antonio C. Discharged USAF'FE soldier. Worked for 1,4 Japesas informant till Japs heard he was a soldier. Escaped fr'om them and. reported a guerrilla leader in north Leyte near Tanauan in spring 1943. CIO-12 Alias; see Francisco de los RtEYHS. ClIIO, Sgt. David PC, escaped from Mindanao and became 73 one of early guerrilla loaders in southern Negros. CIARIN, Capt. Luis T. CC, Engr Dn, Bohol Force, 1944. 82 CIARIN, 1st Lt. Teodoro S,4, 3rd B84, 63rd Combat Team, Panay. 54 CLARK, fDanielJ A mestizo who formerly owned a ranch rear Puerto Princesa9' Was with Dr. IvNDZ's guerrillas in the Tinabog area, Helpful to some American PW who esscaped .fx'om Puerto Princesa, Palawan. CIAUDIO, Anselmo 1'ian'ila business manager connected with 18 Free Philippines, COBB, Alfred The Q0BB brothers, Alfred and Paul., 63964 American mestizos and.-cattle ranchers on D wmaran island, were the first goer- 411la leaders in the aawan area. Persuaded M~4aj. ivI4.NG UL~ to organize the members of the PC into a guerrilla unite 4~lfxed.tilld. MVaj. MA$IADvA in June 1943. COB.B, Paul See discussion above. Paul is be-- 63,64 Hived to have been lost at sea during a storm while going to Panay in Dec 1943. C0LLA4D0, )Lt. Pedro Constabulary Pfc, guerrilla near Balin-- '94 gasag, Mis. Or. COLONEL, 1st I.t. floinador N'ative of' Bulacan, only judge left in Sulu at outbreak of' war. Now JAG Sulu Area Command. CONCENGCO, 2nd Lt. Iernando Ts civil engineer anid. Ex 0 of' the ngr unit of Palawan Special Battalion. CONCEPOION, 3rd. Lt. Juan C. S-.2 of the Palwan Special, Battalion. 65 CONCEPCION, Norberte Connected. with Free Philippines, 18 0NFES0R, Tornas Governor of' Frecry Panay. 46t56,57 CONSTANTINO, 3rd Lt. P3aterno CC, ''D"t Co. Marinduque guerrillas. 59 CONTOY, Capt. Ex 0, 115th R.egt, Zamboanga, 1944. 88 COOPER An America mestizo reported to have been active with guerrilla forces around San Jose,,D'Mindoro, in 1942. CORDERO, Capt, Manuel C. 5,4, 76th lnf, central Negros Sector. 78 CORhIELIO, Ma j A. Ex Q, 63rd. Combat Team, Panay.... 53 C0RIMIL, Col. Former 1JS1FFE officer in comrmand ILeyte*- Samar area. Surrendered to Jars. W Leyte Provincial Regiment (TSAFFE)., 2,30 1942. CO ELLA, 2nd Lt. Eduardo Present commander Siquijor guerrillas. 75 CORPIN, Capt. Cresencio Was USMFFE soldier on Bataan. Organ- 2,3 ized. guerrilla unit on Biliran Island. Later Joined with PA v TIAN.' on North Lecyte. Asst. G-3 to IK\TG'EON\ in summer 1943. C0RALES, Capt. A. CO, 3rd. District, M~iA.EARIKA, central 45

COR.TEZ, Maj. 45 years old, Sector 00, northern Negros,

-114,- Page a- CORTO1N, Capt. Filomeno Former engineering student at SI1limane Guer~rilla CaPt''r comnmanding the area around LIeyte, C'TGON Tin spring 1944. 'eported .pro-American, hard-~ working and. courageous. COSTELIJI,OP rimitivo Guerri~lla leader on Mindoro retorted 6: surrendered in. Sep 2942. CRANE, Capt . G: E 24th .V., with MRR LL, Zambales 1 CRESPO, 2n d.It. Torribio 4d~j & S-2,j 1st Cobat Team, Panay; 5< sent from SWPA in May 1943. CRItSOSTOMO, Maj.Carlos' L~eader of Highlanders, assoiciated with 1' MARKINGS CRUMB, 1st Lt.t. obert QM.~ 10th' D guerrillas. 8r *CRUZ, Gabriel Civilian liaison officer for HUflTT.h CRtUZ, Maj.. J4 S. ORS-,o111th Regt, Bukidnon. 94 CRUZ, ILt,-Juan de la M0R&ANT appointed. CO Ganassi, Lanao, 21943. Probably no~t there now, COTJZ, Moses d~e la Head. of the Christian tribes-in the Bolo Battalion on the west cast of Palawani between Cape Buliluyan and AJlfonso XIII. CRUIZ, Pasqiuale itesides at Tabud, southern Palawan, tra- veiled. with IERS0N as guide and. inter-. preter; knows the Palawan-Borneo waters and. the native dialects. Reported to be thoroughly trustworthy. CRUZ, 1st L1t. Pedro 0. d~e la 6th MvDBataan Intel agent. CRUZ, Mai Pelagio PA C/S of A.4AERS~t s Ball. Militgi'y Area, 11 Pulacan. CRUZ, 1st lt. Remigio C. 6th MD Pampanga Intel agent. 6r An old. man, reported. to be mentally unbalanced; organizer of Pulahanes, unfriendly guerrilla group on Samar, CLUBAS, Maj. Alipio CO 2nd. Sector under VOIICKMA1N?, 4 CTJDIaLA, Capt..A4 Sent to Ilar induque by PI ATTA in 1943, 5 0UENTCO,'Miguel Co~ngressmian from Cebu. Was in Macrohon, Leyte, as of .October 1943, Was reported as the high counselor 'of

CUNA TAN, Ma j, Benito (Hugo?) Formerly CO S cquijorth1 guerrillas,eie.'g now 75,.qGadH89 PS. GUNANA1N, Gapt. Hugo ( enit o? ) Reportedly left 'EBNTON in mid-1943 to, organize, unit on Siqojjor Island. dater attempted. to lure, CTSHING men to his organi-zation under influence of MO &AN on Mindanao. CU ITTIINOGAM, Mr. American old. timer connected with RR. 48 on Panay. Started guerrilla activity on Panay?. Evacuated to Australia 1944. CIJRAMING, Ma j. Amando Early gu.errilla in Lanao, now G-.2, 92 108th Dor OUP41l, Alh ert Escaped, PW, with ANDER$ON T yabe.... GUSHING&, Maj.. Charles Brother of James. For'mer Luzon .guerril~ la, captured by Japs in June 1943. Wrote public appeal ,to James to sure. render. CUSHIN~G, Lt. Col..,James CO Cebu Area Command. 34-38,81. CUSHING, Maj., Walter Guerrilla leader of remnants of the 39 121st Inf in the Ilocos until his capture in September 1942:

DACANAY, Maj, Jaime, C, G-4,. 72nd Division, N~egros 0cc. 78 DADUTA, D4 Guerrilla on Leyte in July' l943, DAEP r May or TAPtJS follower; Sorsogon ?Prov. Former mayor of Bulaoan; loyal.

i.1 1:6 DA.CAA'GIT,' Datu Kay1kay k'oro guerrilla leader near Tajnpar'an, Lado flACTUTh, Lt.,. Bn. Sig 0-under Maj..RTJF'Y.:, 3elieved 61 to be. still with: PUFFY, IvMindoro. DALENDEG Former teacher. at Brooke'-s -Point and. now a. guerrilla with a good record. DlALTONT, Lt. Cod;. Primo 1LIN~G -guerrillas, central .uzon. DAMIAN~, 1st Lt. Avelino E. S 3'd Combat. Team, Panay,. 53 DANGUA, Capt. Bad~o G-4 for .VOLCIvI\T, 44 DANTE Alias; I{U~h IAJAP CO, Bulacan and. Pampunga.. DAROSIN, Lt. Alberto Co,. let IJ Bn, Bohol, June 1944. 81 DAT ILIES , .Lt . 4. Guerrilla leader Luuc (Jobo) sec-. 10 ,103 tor. DATOR, Lt. Col.. Luis~ P. Far y PFR.AIJTA com~bat leader, little heard of sine; at PFRALTA ts lHq. Has good paper ability bu~t no fighting spirit, DAVIS, .Pvt. Wi.th PRAEGE., PFebruary 1943; 40 DAYNAYANG Woman, leader of.HI BALAJAP Lighting 14 group in Pampanga; recently reported. killed., DAYRIT, Amado Connected with Free Philipp ines. 18 DEOOLONGCN, Emilio J. Connected with the Palawan.Special Battalion as Provost Inspector. DeORACIA, Maj. C0 2nd, Bn,- 94th R.egt, Bat o, Leyte. 4 DEL~GADO, Jose Puppet governor of:.Qebu from Feb 1943.. 36 DELGO, Lt. IA~PUS officer, bayonetted. to de~ath by Japs, Sorsogon, DEtvtTERIO, Bernardino Son of loya~l Governor; was residing at Maasin, Leyte, Oct 1943, DEMETERIO, Salvador X~. 1Anointed Civil Governor of Zeyte by KAGLF0I'Tin winter 31943; resided ct 1aasin. In spring ],944, was reported caght by Japs and confined.. KA.NI'TON assumed control of the Provincial govt. One re-port states that BEZTERI surrendered to Jao-s pand. pledgod to support them. DESTAJO, Maj . at. AC of S, 0-3, 10th MD~ guerrillas.. 85 DIANSELA, Capt.-fDianasco Guerrilla leader of Camp 23,24,25,26,27 Tinawagan unit of Camarines DIAZ, Capt. l'acario Sur. Guorrilla in Surigao, Narch 1943. 95 DII4 TAIAT, Datu Mantil Moro, early guerrilla leader, 97,98 Cctabato, DIhAITOANG, Datu Guerrilla datu., active in Tamparan ares., 12anao, 1 DINO, Capt. Anacleto Formerly G-2 " A« Corps, western Mindanao. DINO, Teodosio Under-secretary of National Defense. Loyal; IAPUS backer, .Sorsogon Prcv. DIONALDO, Maj. Luis One of GADOR's relatives placed by 73 him in his organization as(-4. DIONISIO., Mai. Bart olome With G-2, 72nd Div, December 1943, Negros Occidental. DIP .TUAN, Aguam Sultan sa &Ganassi, Moro guerrilla [eader at Ganassi,.Lanao, DIPtTTADO,. 2nd Lt. Apolonia B. S--2, 75th Inf, sothi-Negros Sector. 79 DIRA, Dr. Vicente Senior member,Provivial Board Samar: 6,8 DISCAYA, 3rd Ljt. N'icasio LAPTS officer, Sorsogon Province., DISMAL, Capt. Joacquin. Early' guerrilla leader Misamis 0cc. 87 DOBERVICH, Maj. M. Davao PW escapee; guerrilla leader 95: 114th Regt, Surigao;..,evacuated. 1943. DOMINADO, Ma j.. Juan 25 years, law student and Des Officer, 79 Fx 0, 74th Inf , south Negros -Sector.

-116 - DOMI1\ADO, iMaj. ito 26 years; was the best officer in 77,78 the 75th Regt u.~nder Lit. Col, ALSEJO, Is Res PA officer and. new District F'ield. Inspector, 7th E. D0INATO, Capt. Manuel Gerrilla leader on Masbate, was53,57,5 8 ,S 9 Ex Q to TN$SIONTGCO and. recently set uip independent guerrilla unit. DONG1LiC, Rosai rio CO, 110th Pegiment, Agusan Province. 9599E DOREGA, Capt. Primo Ex 0, 2nd B n, 63rd. Com~bat Team, Panay, 53. DJOUJGLAS,Lit. Andrew AC, captured. in Bagio, Januxary 1944. 42 T)RUD41N, Father, Patrick Catholic priest, Cebui City executed 37 by .FENTON. DTJCENIO, Lit. Fausto G-2, 110th Div, Agu.san Pr'ovince 96 DUL0, Lit. Saturnino PMa 1944, now *ith M'aNRIQUJEZ, norther'n 42 Ljuz on. DIJRANO, Capt. Ramon FENTONs assistant- G--2; believed. eze- 36 outed. September 1943 with FENTON, Cebui.

Gerrilla leader in the Taradungan area;. .is considered. tru.stworthy though he has causedi some internal dissension within the. guerrillas in.this area (Palawan) EDWAPDS, Thomas American planter at Brooke's Point, re-- 65 centaly evacuate d.., EILCCION, 2nd Lit. eminiano M.4 Adj; 72nd. ".e14 Arty Regt, East Negros 78 Se~tor ELITOANOLi, 1st Lt. Salvador S-4, 1st Bn, 63rd. Combat Team, Panay 53 3rd. Lt. Emilio Former government employee. Reported. to be reliable and resourceful;1 Act- ing S-4 of PEai.awan Special 3attalion. ELiIZAIDE, Don Pedro 44 years old; Siranish, mestizo; .pre-war work in Bureau~ of :kinance niow Treas- urer Negros Isand V\auable man, not interested In political future. EhLLSWORTR, "General"! Edgr Su~pposedl1y re121acpd. Col, STRAUGHN as 19 head. of FAIT, central Liuzon goier- rillas , ESOUDEBO claimed. "authori- zation'' from him, Nothing known of background. E TCALiLADO, Lit. Nicholas Early leader, north coast .Lanao~ ENsCISO, Cesar LiAPUS reomnmen~.d for a coaission, Sorsogon Province ENRIQYEZ, Lit. Alfonso Bn, C0, 121stb Regt mid-1943, Zamboanga. 87 EITIQtJEZ, Lit: Col. Manuel Commanded. remnants of 14th Inf 41,42,43,44 PA, after captuare of Co:?. NAKAI 1 Captured iLa Manila- Jan 1944; 1.aber killed in Fort Santiago. ERASMUS, Lit, Benindicto Leader of unidentified guerrilla group 45 in Nueva Vizaya. ERNI, Maj4. Patricio Locader of Texans, associated with M4AR.KINGS , at e , ESCUDERO, Antonio Sn of %Go'rnor ESCUDERO and. 28031 appoizws-dDeputy Governor of 1st District, Soesogcon, by him. ES CUTERO, Manolo Son of Governor ESCUDO. Alleged. by LiAPUS to have been implicated in several c: imesr. ESCYDERO, Salvador, Goy. Lioyal "pre-war Governor of 18,23,24,28,29 Sorsogon and. leader of 30,31,3233 guerr.i.as t",were-,

-117 - P, e tSPZ1NAST tt.Sergi Smal: unit leadetr associated. with SA.NDtOO whom LAMYS tried. to coerce into joining with _him.. ESPIRITI, Maj. Rogaciano CO 85th Znf Regt, Cebu.; fearless 37 1,:38 fighter and. much liked, by his men: 29 years old; formerly 3rd Lt, PA:: ESPIA2,ADA, Ca~t~ \Signal officer in a CUSIIING Regt, Cebu. BSQT~fl..~ Cpt ,(sp) G-3;, BRAI$BY organization, central Luzi6n. ESTACION, Capt. Silliman instruct or.; Was with' de ASIS, than CADO?; present activities unknown. ESTARES, se on CO HTJBA 4JAP Scm 25, Nueva E cija. ESTEA3A, Y. Senior off icer PQOG, Batangas;~ Naj..Xnocencio 1 ESTIOKO, Capt,. C F,"o, C 1st Combat 'Team, Panay. ESTOBESS 3rd. Lt:. elipe :Ex 0, 1411 0o, )1st Combat Team,, Pan~ay: ESTRADA, 45 years; former high school teacher', Dumaguete Res Officer; early guterr- vilJla leader in Negros Or; :was Rn, Co, 75 th Inf; now in 7th MnEq. FSTBELIA., Justiniano HtYN\TER 00, San I'ecro, Tuason--Calanan, LXagutna. ESTREI., IA..Col. 'Ricardo Conmmended, East Cebu~ Sector and. later 35 ',37 was d/8. to F TONh-CUSHI I 'Com~mand; had. FENTTO1N executed duri g absence of CUSINGTC; later killed. Seaw action on Mindanao as a 'Captain. ELTSTACXO, Vicente HU1 'R 00, Tiaong-Ati onan, Tya ias, 21 EVANTGE ISTA, Cassanto On HUIBILj.A Staff. 15 Reported to be with N~JQUEZ in Moonm*- tam Province,. 1944;

FARELL0NT, 3rd.Lt .Claudio Bn S*-.$ uider.,JU ADO, Mindo~ro: 62 FARBIA, Inocanc io G-4, EhRS.. , 21 FAJAR.DO, Lt.: R. ESGUT)ERO officer, irsogon Prov* FALLA.RIA, Ma Inocenci~o 00, 64th -Combat Team, 'anay 54 FABBETTA, Lt. Aljvin US mining engr from Bagu~io,, with TEQJBVP 1942,. with I{UI3ALLUJAS, and. then to ANDERSO11.- Went to Samar early 1944 and, returned to ,PEBRSON Ju~ly .1944, FE:INTTEIN, Aaron Real name of Harry FENTON\, Cebu; FELEO, Juan CO JJs .JAPS armed..jforces 1315 FEZIZADQ, Lt~. Reported. "still. on' duty"t probably 43. ,n th.e Baguio area, March 1944. Active on Mindoro in March 1.943; probably as an intelligence officer for the 6th M0 FINTON,Betty Filipino wife of Harry :F+ENTO1N. FENTON, . it, Cal. Harry Early dual . commander with. 34,3.5,36,37,38 GUSHINGT; executed by ESTBIiLIL during CUSEINW'Ts absence. FERMII, Lt. 'N .colas Assiamod name for Isaac AZA.C.RRA, Mas'- bate guerrilla. FEYNM&f DZ, M/Sgt. Alfred.o USA., organized, guerrilla. =its at 95 Mal itbog,. Disamis 'Or,. FERN~ANDEZ, ILt.-Cel-so Early guerrilla leader~ Zamboa-nga City. 86: FEPJANDEZ, lot I. oi inador .S-2~ 2nd. Rn, 66th Combat Team, Panay,. 55 guerrilla, on. Leyte in August 1943; 3 FER TA TJJEZ, Cadpt. Gi. Judge Advocate. F'ormer dentist at,.Ciyo9 In the Uedical Corps of "R" Co0.0Is well known, well li1e'd, and. wo'ld. be available source f-off "information concerning people. on *yo and. Palawan. FE A D , Capt. Zidefonso B,, Director of Luzon Intel olganization 67 f'or 6th PO March 1943, now x0 of' same. FLR± ER, Juan ito HI1J1'EF CO, Panay, : atero s-.Nunt ingluga, 21. Rizal . A mer c n 41 ing engineer, Masbate, 48 61st Div. Army Officer, CO Panay .District: Engineers (guerrilla) -until evacuated, to Australia 1944, F TTGCol. Wendell. Wt. CO, 10th NIA; has at- .3,6,12,18,22,37,38 temppd. to have 47, 69, 72, 74, 75,76,83.102 .ebu put uhder his command . FETALVRO, Maj. Felipe PC, active in guerrilla affairs, north 87, coastTLanao 1942; 105th Div. FLO:R, Capt. austino .Formerly with PADTJA unit. 24,25, 26,27,29 Now- leader of smal.l unit. in ,Albay. Pre-war Corporals PA.. FLOi , Capt. Julian Formerly with brother, Fatisti no, Now 26 leader -ofsmall uit 'inAlbay FLORES, Lt. LAPT officer.. Was at. conference with: B$CtJDERO, April 1944, as representative. FI.OBZS, Col. Alias of BA ILLIAN. FL0RS, Jose Memnber of L.O.D. Organization, Manila, 22 FLORE2S, Maj. Ieon L. Former fumaguete s hoot teacher, . early 73 guerrilla leader in sovuthern Negros;1 now CO iq'Vn, 75th Inc. *FLORES, Maj. (Manuel?) G-.3 of ENI\RQTJEZ's staf'f in Iianila. .43 FLORES $ 3rd Lt; 6ergio In the Medical Unit in "D"' Co. at Broo1ke's Point, Palawan, Disliked by some people because he sold. ata- brine and other medicines believed sent from SUPA. FQflDA, Capt. Joaquin 27 years; Ex 0 77th Prov Regt, Negros 79 Or; .Silliman student'. FORD, Mr & Mrs. T. A.-. Pre-war, man.ager Asteria Sugar 48 Central 1loiio. Great guerrilla supporters. Evacuated 1944.. FORT., Brig. ,Gen. Guy 00, USAFE,. 81st Div on 88,90,'97,102. Mindoro 'bef'ore surrender. FORT I CH., l'Wue 1. Pre-war Bukidnon Assemblyman, assisted 93 early, Bukidnon. guerr ill'as. FORTTJ$, "Lt. Got officer under Najq RUYF'Y believed 61 to be still with ItJW'FY. Mindoro. FRA3NCIA, L~t. Col, Amos M4. 6th Iv Signal.O ficer. 5 FRANCISCO, cap to CO f'H AT4JAP #6 Squadron; 16 FRAICSO0, Maj.' Guerrilla on Leyte in Aug 1943. 3 FRANCISCO, Antonio Guerrilla. leader, Castille jos-San -10 Marcell1. mo, Zembal est FRANC SCO, Protaclo Former mnember of' PC, and. presently with the guerrillas in south Palawan. Lives at Bala'bac. Consider'ed untrustworthy by loQcal populace, FRAN\CISCO, 'Lt~Prudenite Mar Bn S-3° and commander of .p3"BCo under 61 Miaj, PUJFFY, elieved to be still wi th T 'Y: Mindoro, FBRDEIUC IS, Lt. S--3, 115Sth Refit., Zambaonga, 1944. 88 FEGINAL, I . In tAHAM area, Nueva Ec ja, May 1944. FBIVALDO, Sgt. Anct ~SRO man;' alleged to have been beaten by some ZLAPUS men'. , FRIYAILDO, M/Sgt. Camarines 1Norte 6thI. i ntel agent., 66 FUTAIOU, Lit. L. tT$ offi.cer. ccused of' crimes by ESCTDRO.

GABO', 3.rd4 t4 Jose Les in the Tumarb~ig Area. GABO, ee s io F'orm~er-employee in the Bureau of Lands at Puerto- Prinicesa; is now .with the guerrillas at Qaramay, Palawan. GABQ, Perfecto Has had. little education but has con- duxcted himself, meritoriously as a 'gerrilla, G'ABtINA, Jam. Niholas Gut~erila lead.er in Bukd.non wi th 98 PDAT3N: now C/S 106th Div. GAflOR, Lt. Gol. Gabriel. Leader of obstructionist 70171.73,74915 0-1050, PA guerrillas in Negros Or until 76, 81,82, 89 1943 when he fled, to Bohol,. GALAN, Tit. 6thD Bataan -intal agent. 66 GALATG', Capt.. Probably "iformer CUSHI1NG officer, Cebu. GALA1U&, Capt. _]Ricardo Member of 'PIiLLIPS' pa'ty; -now with 12 GAILEB.&, 3rd. Lt. fDomingo 4.,rears ,education at Unive'rsity of PhilE- ippines. Reported to be energetic and rel iabl e; Palawan. G'AIIA, 'Capt. Juan Ad jutant, 4ohol' Command, Junze 1944. 81, 82 GALLARDO, 'Capt. Lotero A.C. of $.,G-4, Bohol QommandJune 1944, G'ALVBZ, i4aj. Ceferino 33 years;, graduate PISA. 1937; Camp 77,79 0-1547, _PA Muirhy Inf School, 1940; reg con mission 1939, Captured: by Japs as 1st .Lt, and. placed. in BC. Escaped late' 1943 and. is now C0, 73rd Prov, Dliv. in Negros Or. GAIvBOA, Capt. Leon 1st.Bn C. 2nd. Combat Team, Panay. 53,57;58 GANABAN, Maj. J.arcus Vl. 00 neazr Sllayan, July 1943; now 72nd Dliv. F0, Negros 0cc, Possible correct spelling 'for GACIAR, GARC IA. 'it. S-2, 115th Pegt, Zamboanga, 1944. 88 GARO IA. Capt. Under ZABAT. Was &ispatched. by ZABAT 29' to force IRA1MA "into line", Albay. GARCIA, Naj Guerrilla leader in central Su~rigao. 95 GARCIA, Antonio Alias Tony SBACOC1Y;. with B]NRIQ,J Z 42,43 guerrillas. GARCIA, Capt. Bald omero It. 2nd. it ..of the PC. Is a cotusin of 64,65 Col, GARCIA on Panay. As E1x 0 under raj. MNIGQEX$, he became a bitious, caused dissension, organized his-own unit; had. considerable trouble with the Americans. in this area, 8and atten- pted to get himself mnad~e CO of' the Palawan forces. IS now Ex 0 under Ma~j NU 'C0 and. is highly rega'ded. by Col PEI TA~ GARCIA, Senator Carlos P. Pre-war Bohol Senator; loyal and. with 81, guerrillas., GARCIA, Lt. -Col. Cirilo CO 1st Combat Team on Panayr; 469'48j52,55. fearless, unifriendly to Ameri-- 59, 60,,64 cans, but highly regarded. as a. leader GA.RC IA, Clemente Guerril.la in the Danlig area,, Palawan. G-ARC IA, Lt. Smilo ~arly guerrilla leader Zamboanga City. 86 GARCIA, it.. Enrique $arly guerrilla leader Zamboanga City. 86 0-ARC IA, Jose Guerrilla leader around 3iulalacao in 61 *.62, 1942.. GUflIA, Dr.. Jos~e 37 years; prew doctor in Thaiaguete 74, 79 valuable service to guerrillas., now Capt,- and 73rd. Prov D)iv MO.; loyal:, energetic" and. reliable. GARC IA,. Capt.. 3.. F.Uiptno , A--st AG',,"A11 Corps.,' Western Mindanao. GARC IA:, Capt. Santiago CUSHIN~G regimental officer, Cebu. GABDER,12nd.I t, !4oJ. 31st : nf , with IRIITL, Zambaleas.,, GAflLASI", at..Jae s signal Corp 10th DIDIguerrillas. 85 1'esent CO105h Tiv.D 88R

12l~. GABRRUCHO. Ca t.Ipeter A. S--2, 1st Combat Team, Panay.. 52 GAIUAR, Maj. Guerrilla leader in the Ilocos. 45 .GEBUSSION\, Capt. Rafael 27 years; Res Officer., .now assigned to- G-3, 7th M IHq, Negros. GELLADA. 2nd. Lt'. Leon $-2, 3rd Combat. Team, Panlay. 53 G441ILLAN, Cas long: Or iginaj PUKIRNG (?),.Negro s. Or.. GMLAN, qrgarito Present. CO PURING guerrillas, pr'ob- 71~ ably brother to PUK.ING; was pre-war ex-.convict. GENPFERE, tCol, Will iam Swiss. citizen, 6th 14D QJit now in 51 A'ustbra).ia. GENGUYON', 2nd Lt. G.G. 5-3,, 3rd. Bn,. 63rd Combat Team, Panay. 54 GENOSAI Capt. tlio Adj, 76th Inf, Central Negros Sector. 78 GEPTE, Lt. West Point graduate,. prisoner in Fort 43 Santiago early 1944. Later freed. GEflARDNZ.~Cand 1st Lt. ido P. 6th 1W Pa gas inan intel agent. 67 GERONILL.A. 3rd. Lb:.-Francisco. Servedr as 1st $gt. on Bataan.. Joined Dr.. 4E]NDOZA' s mnit near Puerto 'rincesa. Reported to be a good man, on Cu~yo Td-. GHENT,. George US, with 7th KD Hq, Negros. GINSON. Capt. COC sub sector near Bacolod, one of most active comnat~d.ers,;. .conscientious anid exceptionally honest. GLEW, 2nd Lt. rrold T. ,l erican who took active part: in guer- 64 ril~1a activities until killed by Pedro PONCE DE LEON, ,Mayor of Cuyo, in M~ay 1943, Reported to. have been a cold- blooded murderer,. GO, Capt. C4, snauth Luzon Chinese anti-,Jap ;guer-13,17 rilla force. GOLEZ, Capt.- Ernesto P. C0:, 2nd Bn, 63rd Combat Teapn, Panay. 53 GOLEZ, Capt. Luis U. Exc 0, 1st Bn, 65th Combat Team', Panay. 54 GOLEZ, 1st Lb. ,Manu4a. S-2 , 3rd.IBn, 63rd Combat Team, Panay. 53 GOIMfEZ Gregorio Chief of "Propaganda Section" -6f 15 I{U1BALJAPS. GOMvIZ, 2nd. Lt. ,Modesto S-'4, 75th Inf, South Negros Sector. 79 GONZAGA, Anselmo. Attached Hq HUNTERS. GONZ.ALES, Agusto Advisor, HUNTERS. 21 GOODE1 Sam One of first leaders of 114th Regt, 95 Su~rigao; in calaboose 10th 10L. GORDENKER American. Cited~ by OR.OBIA as being a bandit leader. Now thought to be wi th DIAN~ZA, Albay Prov. GORDON, 1st Lb. Alexadder Formerly with GAJDQR, now wi th G-2.. 7th 73 M' Ha:.,, Negros. GORIR, Lb. Wilhianm S5-4, 114th Regt, Suvigap 4Australian. 96;. GOTICO, .2nd ,Lt. Napoleon S-29, 'st Bn, 63rd Cobat Team,. Panay, 53 GOZON, Remigio Junior -Officer, EMUTMS hq., tizal; college 1942. GRASPARIIflSLt. eCol.. V.V, C0,, 66th Combat, Team, P'anay. 51,55 G.RI1\ADOT, Sgt. H.C. With ?RAI GER, Feb 1943. 40 GRINSTEAD, Lb.,Go).. James 00, 109th Div., Bu1kid.non. 94 GRID-. 2nd Lb. B.,A. S--4, ,2nd Bn, 63rd Combat TCeam, Pa.y 53 Pre-war American. Airline, engineer." 48, Joined PanIay guerrillas ad assigned Sara Air Base Squ~adron. rvacuat ed 1944. GUAN, Yi1k Chinese mestizo, former mayor of 14,15 Arayat, Pampanga., GUAIAY, Naguib Prenwar. mayor of IMaabang, Lanao, 91 active with guerrillas. GUARDIANO, 3rd. Lt.. Juna Ips a graduate of Far. Eastern University. ,pcting F'inance Officer, of. Palawan Special 3attaliontr GUARtIN, Pacifico I're--war. mayor of Juban;d loyal. GUARINIA, Capt. Mario Dyed in wool politician' concerned 48,-60 with personal glory, close friend to Cirilo GARCI was CO of Roa-, blons :guerrillas, present assign. Maent uncertain. GTJBAI1IA, Qapt Macario PC, gu~errilla leader western Cotabato. 98 GtXCHtYCO. 1st Lit..iRicard~o ~'orierd ,strict Surge n: ath D.. -Ws: With L.APTJS.- Sent to Leyte and never_ heard from again.. GTJMCO, Jose Guerrilla leader in Carani on Lumaz'an Islad GTJJP.A, Pvt.: Nueva Vizcaya 6th IMD Intel agent. 66 GUFB3RO ~Alias; see BORRQM, ILt. Col. iio. 19 GTJHER3RO, Honorio Jr Officer, EUNTERS Rq ROTC at Jose Rizal QCo)ege 194?, GtT,L N4, Capt. Jose 38 years , es Officer now G-3, 73rd 79 Prov Djv, 1Negros. O. &IJI,IGADO, 3rd lIt. Engracio Native of Painpanga, half brother of SU;AP ,Z. NTow CO part Sulu Area Com- mand aid. authenticates mergency Currency, Free Sulu. &UtI,$S, aul inq Puppet commissioner of Viseyas, GTJTIEBBEZ, 2nd. Lt. -Augusto Important in L US unit, Sorsogon Prov. GUZMAN, 2n.d Lt, 'F6ortunat o,, Jr' G-2," M.BL 3 KAguerrillas. 45 GUZMIAN, Jose De~ urrilla leader in Pangasinan. 22

.. ..

HAEACAN,. Capt. Eusebio Off icer courier to M~indanao for CUSEHIG. IABLiERO, 1st Lit. Li. CO., "B" Co, l st Combat Teat~, Panay, 52 I ~GGEBTY. Father B~ecto' at the Ateneo de Cagayan before 93 the war,. of- great assistance to guerrillas; recently evacuated for hospitalization. EAGONOS, Capt. Zeile C0, 2nd. Bn Bohol Force, June 1944. 81 HAIGflT, Capt, V.. Formr TUS P Officer joined Panay 48 guerrilla district engineers. ,Evacuated 1944. HALE, Maj. Ber'nard CO, 88 th. nf 'Regt; American imes- 35,37,38 tizo about 29 years-old. Good 1eader add well liked, HaAMIID, Cap t. Moro, Ex 0, 121st Regt, Zam~boanga, mid- 86 1943. HAJINR, Capt.. Jordan, ,. W~ent- to Ai stralia from Iv ndariao with 84,102 G.M. SITE in 194?; zreturned to Tawi Tawi in 1943, evacuated early 1944 to Australi.a, HAMO', :Lit.. Francisco S. GOerrtlla 00, Dapitan, Zamboanga area early 1943. HANSEN, Capt. querralla at Surigao 114th Regt. liARATIC, Lit. Anton CO, 11 th 'rov Bn Agusan. 96,100 HARDER, 'M/Sgt. Benjamin Member of PHILIPS' party; with RAIMSEY 12 wnear Manila. HASIM, .Carlos 41lias ; leader of Ht 1BA J,P organ i- zation in Laguna (Nr 12) near San Antonio. HAWKI1NS, Maj. Jack Davao PW escapee, guerrilla leader 114th 95 Regt , $urtigao ; evacuated 1943.: HAWEY, Lit, Col. Mv., Former- U5 'FOffijcer, 61st 'Div. , 48 Panay joined guerrillas, valuable to Peralta. Evacuated 1944 and. returned later same year with sabotage party. HEDlGES, Lit. Col. Charles C0, 108th 3iv, Lanao, 85,91,92 HEMINQWAY, Lt. Truman, Jr. From Vermont; belonged to 14th Bomb .3 Sq. 19th Group. Member of Mindanao guerrilla forces in. 19431. Reported acting with ST JO~ih .at' r~dio station in Lieyte, M~arch 1944?

-1.22 HENDRS0N American Negro mestizo and. guerrilla leader in the Lilian area, Palawan. HENDRICKSON, Pfc Albert S. Sig C,. LA'HAM guerrilla .eade =western 10 Tarlac,- arl 13l44; assured. i Capt. HERMAN, Capt. J. With, Panay guerriila i str ct 48 engineers...Killed .,,by Japs. HEBNOUA, Lorenzo Member of the PC, and connected wi thLt, 'O 4AG'A at - rooke's Point. Accused. of -looting _and. abusing his conec'tion with the Army. HERNA1WEZ. Capt... f'ornmer guerrilla leader, possibly of Camarines Norte. Would. not. join ZABAT. Said. to have been- execute .. by Jars. IR14ANlEZ,. 3rd. Lt. AIlfred~o -CO of - ngr Corps, Palawan Special Bn; reported to be energetic, and dependable. HI C1KK, .Sgt. Charles USA, or ani ed early Marinduque guer-- 59 rillas.; since evacuated.. USAFFE commander at 'abrica, Negros' 69,70 0cc; surrendered. HtN0LAN, 1st Lt. Roberto S-2.Z 2nd. Combat ,Team, Panay. 53 IINTO, $Sgt. in LAPUS 1 unit. Emissary of ILAPTJS. 30 LiAPLTS has applied for a cmmission for this man, RIPE, .Leo Filipino,. was G--.2, to FERT IG in~ 1943. Not part icularly well educated., used primarily in compiling)ireports. flid. good job in confused~ period fo1)owing. Jap attack-on Zvisamis, June 1943. P'1 on Luzon and. later released.. RIPE, Maj. Onofre AC of 5S,G-4, 10th I : guerrillas,, 85 HITALI,, t. AdSj, 115th *Regt, Zamboanga, 1944. OSON, H. J.' Alias for Capt. T. F1HA1MDIZ. .67 HOFE , Lt,.. Swiss Filipino,. guerrilla on south coast Lanao, HOLLERO, DMaj . Benjamin 42 years; ,G-4 District iq.7th, MD; re- 77- ported hoarding-medical supplies re- ce ived' f rom SWPA. HONTANOSAS., Gov. Agapito Pre-.war governor and. Puppet governor" 80 of Bohol, HONTIVZROS, Capt. Alejandro CO, Thtel .Echelon,* and. Combat Team,-50,5=3,66 :Panay. H0NA.SOI 1 l1st Tot. ?Romeo $-2, with LAPUS unit in $orsogjon.', HORAN, Col. John P. Post Commander of 43rd.Infentry:, Luzon; 40 surrendered 'in'May 1942(?) . HO0RTII,0OSAt Capt. Cirilo B1x 0, 3rd. Bn, 66th Combat Team, Panay,.- 55 I4UA, Chal Chian ~Vice CO Chinese Anti-Japanese,.guerrilla 17 force. HUBILLA, Bafael Prominent TLAPUS sympathizer, Sorsogon. HIJEVOS, Andres Parominent W US sywp. thizer, allegedly. ,".hot by FS CUDERO' s..men.. HfLME., Capt. E. Zngl ih former manager. song F~ong 48 Bank',.Iloilo. Assigned" Finance Off ice,. Panay guerrillas. Evacuated. 19~44. HUNT, Sgt. Ra~y G..Jr. 21st Pursuit Sqn; repor'ted first 1942. 10 then in early 1944 with LAPH.AM gue r- rillas. Assured. rank Capt.. HUSSIN,LtA. 1ot Bn, S Ubian, Sulu.10

00 of EUXTBALAJAP #22 Squadron. Iik'-A0, Lt.. Abdulrahim Moro guerrilla leader ZambQanga 86,101,103 Cty at:-r guerrilla.leader in Smlu.~. 1'st Bn, Suba Luson1 Tawj Tawi. INTFAN~TE,, Capt.. Melchor A, 74th Inf , Northweast Negros Sectort 78,

123. INGENILRO, Iaj. Ismael P. Commander, Bohol Area Command. 72,80-82 INGL S,,-Gustavo Ex--PM~A, Ad jutan t of HtJNTRS. , 20 INSERTO, 2nd- Lt. Sancho Y. Adji and S-2, 2nd Combat. Team, Panay. 53 INTENGAN. Lt. Cola Romeo A. 30, years; graduate UP 1936; 'went to 77,78 0-537 PA. speci.al army school in Baguio; perms ma ent c ommis s ion'i41939. Now District Finance Officer, -7th ' IROQUIN, (IRUG4YIN?) Col._ CO Carmona-Bacor area,-Cavite. 22 ITti"L, 3rd Lt. Pajawa On duty, 15th 3zn, Sulu.area Com~mand, former school teacher and ROTC grad-- at e; former $-29 125th Inf (Sulu),

J-

JABBLOSA. Maj. IMartin G-4, to KAN&LEON In August 1943, Leyte. 3 JAIM~'E, Maj. A3 .fonso, CO, 97th mI in eastern Samnar; former 5 Constabulary officer. J.A.INh Maj. Porf trio Be. Guerrilla on Leyte in August 1943. ,3. JAX It.., Abukaka Guerrilla leader reported surr'endered. 61, in September 1943, Mindoro. JAK0SA4,MLt. Col Luis Former CO of south Cebu. under CUSHING. 35 Captured 'by JTaps in Ma 1943 and induced, into making p.ro-Jap appeals. JALDC- ON, Maj. Manuel 0. Was CO of 72nd I; gr Corps truing to~ 79 improve it. NTow CO of the Northeast Negros Sector.. JAIDON. k~ jManuel. fD, Guerrilla leader Tubura ., Lanao, 86,87,93 Jan "1943 and CO 121st Regt,' Zambo- anga, MIay 1943. JAMILA, Cape. Sergio Finance Officer, Bohol Command,June 44. 81 JAvM1E.AWR. Lt. Juan In Pangasinan, captured June 1943.' JAMOIHA, Capt. Xrenao H. S-2, 65th Combat Tear, Panay, ,54 JANTZEN. Arno P. Danish, employee Insular Lumber Col Fabrica Negros Occidental. JAYMEI, 1Maj. Alfonso G-3 to , GJON in Aug 1943, Leyte. 3 JELLESON, 'p. 31st mI, in L.APH4I- 'comAmand. JENOZA, Capt. Negros guierrilla who attempted to hinder CUS HING from reaching VjLIAMOR in August 1943. CUSII1TG finance officer, Cebu. JIZittJ1NDO, Capt. Jesus 1M. CO. end aBn, 66th Combat Team, Panay. 5 JOHNSON,. Fred American mestizo in qot'abato. 98 JOHNSON, Lb. William Guerrilla leader and intelligence officer $WDavao Gulf . JOI KIPL I Datu Narrazid Most influential M'or'o leader in 65 southaern Palawan. JOMIA~IBSA, Maj. Jose 'abrtca; joined guerrillas in northern 78 Negros. Adis 72nd Div. JONES, Capt. Edmond With MEI I~jn Zambal es, 10 JONEWS, Gen. Z. R. Assumed name used by 4aj, Edwi~n P. Pk i'iSEY, JONSON, Lb.: Tiburcic CO 93rd WFA1t in northern Samar; former 5 Constabulary officer. JORThALS, Victor Sill ian student, joined AUSEJO in 73 mid-1l942, Negrosa Or. JOSED, -Pacifico G-1, EtJNT'IR. 21 JUAN:- Sgt. Antonio Guerrilla ,unit -commander on Leyte. JUMADIL, Lb. Guerrill1a lPder in 3rd Bn, Ipil, Jobo. 10C 1 UNTILLA, Capt. Al iplio M. MORGAN associate in Bulli nozi early 1043. Present acti vities .uncertain. JURADO, Lb. Col. Enri.que L-t Former off icer of the PI Off' 48,50;59 Shore Patrol. Now acting as 6O,6266 Intel supervisor and actual guerrilla coznmader* of Mindoro for PIDB44TA. JUTBAO, lot Lt, A.P. 8*-3, '1st tat 63rd Combat Team, Panay. 53

_124 -Ic-.

KADAVERO, Pro ceso Provincial Auditor of 9th ML . EBnergency Currency Board.. Appointed Prov. Treasurer~ by KANGLEON in winter 1943. KAflEL, Capt. R. C. Ordnance, with MRILL, Zambales. KALAW, Maj. Busran *Mgro, early guerrilla leader in Lanao, 91 associate of MORGAN, now CO 126th Regt. IANGLEON, Ool Thperto IK. CO, Leyte Area Command. 1-5, 6,7-,49 IAYAN.Ab. Maj. Corsono C. -Left ABCEDE to 'join GA1JOR; was 73,81 &GADl0 flegt CO near Tan jay and later fled to Bohol with GAID0R. KEBLY, Lt. 10th Sig Ser Co; in I.APHM area mid- 1944. IcERS0N, Venn T. American who organized guerrillas 64,65 and civil govern~ment at Brooke 1s Point. 'Later removed because of Filipino desire to run the show. Ha ,been evacuated since. ZIB0fR, Casat. Khalil CO o-f the 113th Regt. Area, Agusan. 95,96 I IhUL$'.C. Guerrilla on Leyte in July 1943. IIRAM. Lt, Guerrila leader in 3rd Bn. Lumapid-- 103 marsh, Job . IIRAM, . Sultan Jamalul Sultan, Borneo & Sulu; died 1936. 101 CITCHO Local political and guerrilla leader in the Rizal area, Palawan. XMTORTCZ, Capt. William Leader .in 113th'Refit, drowned Sep 95,96 1943, KO, Capt. On HUKBALAJAP Staff. . 8;91 IctDER, Proxminent .Moro educator, assisted Mrsfdward Vii guerrillas as Civil Administrator, Lanao, until evacuated in late 1943. KWC0, Lt. Albert I.N. Organaizer ari leader of Chinese .104 guerrilla band in Jesselton, North Borneo. Killed 1944.

LABINAI?0, lest Lt..Teodori.co Intel 0, Tablas Island, Feb 1944. IACSAMANA, .1st Lt. Federico Native of La Union and graduate Santo' Tomas Medical. Schooal.. ' Now CO, Medical Co; # Sulu Area Command. LJ AHI T, lMaj. O, 86th Regt,. Bohol, Area Command, IDec '82 1944.V LLGAS, Francisco Local. political leader and guerrilla in Caramay, Palawan. LAGINDAB, fatu Moro f m."Gangssi., power behind the ' 91 throne. type, very reliable. LAGMAN P.S. Filipino,". 26. years old, intelligeint and discharged duties to beast..of ab iity,. but l imited by lack of experience. 1Was. AG, 10th lvr (with 1ZRTI'G) 1.943 LAGROZA, 3rd Lt. Donato Former school teacher; reported to be hard wwrkin ;, dependable, and resourceful ; Palawan. LrAGUAlflA, '1st Lt. Alverto 6th VMD Abra agent. 67 LAM01STE, Lb. Ilocos 6th. MD intel 'agent.V 66 LANrG, Lt. Gordon A. U.S. Navy man from Cebu; was-guerrilla i Capt. on Leyte with KANGLEON. In Mat~ch 1944 was. reported as 'Supply Officer for KXANGLEON. LAO See , IvLMA.INTA.. LAONG, 3rd. Lt, Paulino Has 11 years service as member o6f. PC; has. shown exceptional courage. Palawan guerrillas. LAPEAM, Capt.; Robert B. Guerrilla Leader ''in.Pangasinan, -9,10,43,44 0-379114, Cay Nueva Eci.,ja.

l2'12' LAJ'Pb, ;Maj. CO (?) 109th Regt , Mi sai ... Qr. 94 LAPURA.,Capt..Gavino Signal Officer. Bohol Com nd, June 1944 81. LA.PU$, Maj. Licerio FO mer.y PC head in S-or-x 23,24, 36,27, 2829 s0gon. Iow leader of 3Q,31,32,33,59,66 unit in 41b ay and . orsogon. LAPU$, Mai, Ismnael Contact in Manila and vicinity f,or 2 Pres. Queon' s Own Guerrllas. IaARA, Hilario Sce JAVA,, Francisco 1 LA ~ZA\, Capt.. Luis Former Q$v off icer, PA; E~x Q to I.FAUS, Sorsogon. L~A OT, Capt. Gregorio 42 years; fit. PA Res; teacher. at ' . 77 Gilungan, surr'xendered and escaped G1, jistrict Eq., 7th M!DR, ILA.SANSG, Salvador Was secretary to. Guipgona, good man and. knows how to keep mouth shut, Asst A,G. of $. , C-2, 10th ~, Oct 1944. LASAT, Capt, Faustino Senior Off icer., PQ.0G, Batangas. IaASOLAt, Na j Early guerrilla leader 1,15th Regtj 86 Zamboazga. LA.SSO, Capt. Command. of units in the vicinity of 45 Pasuquin, I1ocos Norte LASU.B, man Guerrilla -datu, active in Tamparan area, LanaQ. ~Ely guerrilla l.eader Davao Prov 97,100 C., BDiv. LA.VA, now 107th Francisco Said; to. have organized. HUIBGAJA.PS. 15 LAVA., Dr. Jesus. EITBA1AJAP- Political Director, Bulacan Province. LA.ID, Julio Guerrilla leader reported surrendered' 61 *in Sep 1943, Mindoro LA.V1LBS, Atty G, ~dited -guerrilla newspaper on Bohol. 80 L?AA, Ualdo P. Pre-war Provy reasurer,* Misaiis 0cc., 86 advising FRTIG on civil matters. LA.YO, Capt. Jose $-4, let Combat Team, Panay 52 LAXOG, lt. Cpl.. Basilio Senior Offcer, PQ,OG, Batangas. LECOUVR, It. Donald, C0, 121st ?.eg . , Zamboanga City 87,88 L.COUIP1,IE t. Leonard Brother to above, on duty 10th MD~ radio. LE ~D$,, Maj. Hiding western Zambales. earls 1944. IsELIS, Maj. Former small unit leader. Now G-3 27929 for ZABAT." I3OIN, CAPT. de G,-4. combined n~mTON-CUSHING command, 35 Cebu LEONy, Dioscorode CO western Nueva Fci ja, BCT.GA, 11 Governor of LEON, Lt. Francisco Ponce de Relative of FERNA1DEZ, puppet Palawan under the Japanese, and uncle' of Pedro Ponce de I10N, Mayor of Cuyo. Is suspected to have collaborated with the Japanese in the early part of 1942. Later taken into the guerrillas at the insistance of Capt. GARC:IA. LEBON, Col. Jose de 2nd in command of }fl7,At JAP', 2nd Regional 15 Command. LEON, Pedro Ponce de Mayor of Cuyrn. Reports are conflicting 64 as to his attitude towards Americans. 4ccused of mzurdering !it. GI4TW. IEUTERIO, Vicente Prominent civilian in Biuitidnon, assisted 93 early BWidnon guerrillas. LIGAN, Lt. Melanio Engineer, Bohol Command, June 1944. 81 LIMA, Lt. A. Intel. Q active in Mindoro in. March 1944, Pr'obably under t. Qol. JUBh.JDO. L1IM, King Fat t Of the Jesselton, Bor'neo, guerrilla 104 *unit; has contact with SUAEZ. LM, Capt. Mariano CO 98th Inf' in 11 Samar-, former 5 school teacher. MIM, 3rd Lt. Taurirxo 9 years with the PC;. described as

- 126 - Lli4, Gen.,lVicente Has assumed. the nwie of Col. JElliot P. LLStIQRT (i?). 19. LIiv±TNA, "Ij. Angeles Early ' uerrilta leader ,:Test of. 87,92 Cgayan de =is mi s. LIijI1OCO, 2nd. Lt. An~et,, Jr. Asst G'1. . Ak IiA2KA guerrillas. 4 LIiNDAYAGR Capt. Dioniclo, Ply; G4 AVD0i$N's Ball itLary Area, 17 BulaQan. LISII.'G, R. 4tor1 .ng t.ith Z3lJa UZ in centre] 43 Luzon. LIOIW2RA Reported attached to PUKING guerrilla 71 uit, Tiegros Or, further ide~ntity wikno1wn. LIZARDO. Lt. Col. Claro Regt.,CO. Located Ilocos, and is at the 42, sF'ie time the district BC inspector.. i4'anila. attachied JICLGA. Of wealthy,

LLIIRIAS-, ipaj . A. P. Formers PC officer. Nwr G.-2 of ZABAT' s 28 unit, Sorsogon, IJLUCEI Congressman $,-lvador T. {lost sub sten'~.l business men in Lanao, loyal to US.'X?','Civil Affairs Di- rector, succeeding BtDR, LOi:RO, Capt. Antonio Important officer' on 1,FU staff, Acused of murder of LSCLD5O man Q04STQCZ, A. Cotabato guerrilla. 98, LOP)i3.%a j. Tomas C. Exz0, 64th, Qombat 'Teami, Panay, 54 IORIL:,G. Lt. F. gre-war IJ.ilo business tan, Joined 48 P'anay guerrillas a~d assigned Air Base Squadron. Bvacuated 1944. LOZADA, 3rd Lt.. Ar'cacdio. 009; Sibuyan Id'guerrillas i~ar 1944, LU2ATZ0I, 4,aj. ielipe 00, 75th: 1nf', South..iVero s Sector. 79 LUC:RO, Capt. Aur el io "Gl, AJlI~XAguerrillas. 4 L IDUih:, Lt. A. Leader 'lst Bn, Languyon, Tawi Tawi. 103 ZUNA., aj. 1942;, Et1T:T R leader; central Luzon. Lt'lA, -a.j. wwanue1 hiedical. officer 14th QUTJS !-4G, Cebu. LUZ, Capt.. CO 110th .egt, Bling. _iay 1943. 94

i iUNGA, Capt Pedro Pangasinan guerrilla leader,. Captured June 1943. ilACA, 4ugeni o Guerrilla leader reported surrendered. 61 in Se-p 1943; hindoro. %iAC0L0R, 2nd Lt. Simeon Lx 0,- 'ellCo. Pal.awan Special. Battalion.' 53 Graduate of UP as mi n egineer Regarded as one of the better ,officers on Palawan. 'Guerrilla officer under Gov. ABLAi ; 45 captured irApdl 1943. iiAGALLAINUS, Isidro Appointed Cler . of Court of list, In- *stanc e by Kt GL0b in 1943. iiAGBA'UA pie aber of the, guerrillas in the Q~peyas area, Palawan. I-AGLIYA, iiaj .. fro .la G 1 fo~' VOLC i1,;4A, Northern Luzon. 44 bAGSA jY, Capt . Cotabato guerrila. 99 h1AGTA! 00OL, Col. Terry Alias;. a sued name of leader of 20 h t4T.:RS (See AD4VOS0,<1 :l euterio). i j I AY, -i~aj. Ruperto For'mer- COof Northeast .Cebu.Sector. £,iALCA O, Lt. Gerardo Barly guerrilla leader, Zamboanga City, 86 iiAILi, Capt. Domingo a. ST2. 64th-Combat Team, Pi y,,54 is.L-~rICTDI, 3rd Lt. r arie.no S-2. 3rd Bn, 66th CQombat Team, Panay. 55 ALI UvG, Cap t. iiart .n A. 4, 1slt Bn, Bohol Coimnand, June 1944. 81 iloro guerrilla of f cial under Ai4ARC0 , 86 Zanboanga,. 1.±AII, 3rd It. Artero CC, "w$Co, iiarinduquea guerrillas. 59

" 12.7 Renorted to, have..had . good. deal wt.lth iiAANG,..Cnt. L no) bxn ,in ; Lan .o Ioro.s into 108th.fliv L{ ,0ad ,.J., " st 1,4P -754,oho . o= r!21d, Jne .1944. Leader of-, onstrabulary remnntn~ctive39-,43 ueva: Vi z~aya. under B7RaI JJ Z in 1943; reported..ca.tured in r%'aili~a in early 194. i Lit. on ititel duties under L~t. Col, JD $?.0,

Jicol 6th A*DJintel agent. 66 Native of GaSi l Lnao, Active goer- rillleader on Gpna $si-..abang Rona,. iAI JA., 1st lIt. Jose 4xi.. Adj. to 3LxiTCAS, e scpped to Leyte and 80,81 formed. a guerril1la ,unit;. was an inspector .in Bohol Oo4mand, Jurne -1944. -IAii6JA, Caot. Jose Ad j, 107th 1,vv, ])ayao 100 iAG'AO I. 0 pt G, lO107th Dive .BPao. 1G0 r .AiGK1(0.' Col 'faud. Leader of B atnnguenos, associated 19 w,.ith AiII&x1 S. "A I&(j u , Capt. Aastaclo. CO, 2nd. 11P 3n1, Bo1~o1 Commxnn,. June 1944, 81 iv~lI U -;iviaj. 'Pedro Sogler Lit. andi 00 of P~C Detach- 63, 64 65 muent on Palawan. Organized. goer- r,illas., later- replaced by -iaj, iiUYCC. -Presentl~y in concentra.tion cam-) for refusa'l to cognerete with rLUYCO. Re&Prde& aPs being venk, ambtious 0o1,itic~11y one:pi'-e~ae.n . i wA.i I , aVd j Gwn.l i el 'x 0, 66th Combat Teamn, Panay. 5 LANE! 1 Lt. Ii' Forme r min ink eng nneer,, jQoined .'anay 48 guerrillas and assigned. District.. Bn ;ineers, 2Ev-.cuiated 1944. iiNJAG, Ia j. Pr imo Former m ,ster Ser'geant, 'A. Commanded Northwest Cebu Sector under com-_ bined Cebu commnr.nd * later replaced

6 RXI~h,iej.R. A. Probably active.. !i th northern 41-42944 4: Luzon guerrilla-s. since 1942; mey have' been 4tih EN4 1JEZ'4sorganiz~a- tion now section comnder 0 g yan, Apayao under VQLC~i,:. nd reported by one source, to ,command 300 men..'i liountai n Prov. with a man named 44T RA and P. Capt. fAI, Al so reported

SAI ZANQIo°Capt. Jame~s I~. G"!2 NP,'S0ST until 4 's" 31944. Sii~A~,td. lTh:rciso Connected zitb', l'ree Phi1 pines. 17,18 h AA, Col. Joe Lead s tro~p 125 i, PJ I GS in -Riza1," Laguna- .one Qof best b24hcod-; bat leaders; .pro-merican. R.Captt.x Qirico Del Former CJudge Avocate.iith.CS iI I 1 i3BA Ira j. CGuillermo ornwer 00of TV uit on lPPle a,. evc Ku- 4 ated to the hill s t time of. Japanese, occupation, and refu.sed 'to hove e thing to d Q 4th the gue'illas. Killed by Alfred 00BB, ?9 .Jne 1944, .llegedly in self defense. ROaAAXQLA,, Gapt.. ,Aipio CO-. Hq Battali.on, OUSi{PG unit; vie Sgt in PS* 4. COS, It.Cail. Perdinr'nd Leader, of the HA x .orgy n za t on, 22 45 active in northern _Luzon since :mid~ 1943..ean. ~indevocndent ors ni?.atiofl en¢cged largel:y in snbota ;e. i ARC0S, lst t't. rPc f.co ,: .d:X0 qZ- AA4KI.aL(.

... , , ;g; .. ,:. Page. MARtA.S, Maj. Alejandro las Formerly with GADOR, now with 7th MD ? 73 MARKINTG Central ILizon guerrilla leader. 9 MARQtUEZ, Lt. Igmedio On. IA~t1S -staff, MARSHPLjIi, Capt. Paul H. Davao PW escapee; CO 114th Regt, 96,97 and. now C0 110th fDiv, Agusan. MAT'A, Col, Leader '1.50 MABKINGS at Cardona, Rizal. Ex-convict? Well known Laguna and Ri zal and pro-American., MATA., Lt. Col. Ernesto S. Organized guerrillas in 69,70,76,7?,78 011.550 PA northern Jegros; now acting 00, 72nd Div and is 0/S in District Hq.. MA.TA, Lt. Col.Nsatvdad Camarines Sur guerrilla, 17,23,25 MATAS, Maj. Guerrilla leader in Cotabato--Le'bak 98 area, MA.TtAS, Capt. Reported to be with MANRIQUEZ in Mountain Prov, 1944, MA.TION\G, It. 6th MDl Cavite Intel agent. 66 MAUT., Lt. Saberalam On duty, Sulu Area Command, for'mer teacher and ROTC gr'aduate. MAYOR, Capt. Narizidad CO of' RD" Coq with E-q.at Brooke's 65 Point. Not generally liked by his men who are afraid of him. Claims to be a reserve Capt. in Us Army. McCARTEY, Capt. Fran~k Zarly guerrilla leader',' Zamboanga. 86,87 McCARTHY, Joe Div QM~, 107th Div, Davao, 95 McLI2SH, It. Col. Ernest E. 0 110th Div, evracuated Jan 89,95,96,97 1945. McGEE, Lt. Col. Fran'. GO, 106th Div, Cotabat-o. 98 McGTJIBE, Capt. Ralph Gterrtlla leader Zambales; killed 10,11 by natives 1943. Mc INTYBZ , James USAC, organized guerrilla units at 95 Olaveri a, Nisamis Or. McIKE'ZIE, Harry UJS Mining engr, Laguna; comisisioned L~t. by AN ERSON 1942, not confirmed. McIAUGHiIIN, Capt. William L. F. 00, 112th Regt, Bukidnon, 04 MEDINA, Lt. Governor ISCUflER0 leader. 31 MEDINA, Maj. .Agaton G,-2, CUSRHG unit; former 1st Lt. , 38 US AF; commander North Cebu Sector under combined. command; well liked by men and. civilians. MEDINA, Maj. Angel Believed, present 00, 115th Regt. 87,88' MEDINA, Capt. Tomas 00, "E1' Co.' Masbate guerrillas under 58 T SI ONGCQ. MEID:ER, Maj. M. Pre-war INAEC pilot. Joined guerrillas 48 and. assigned Sara Air Base Squadron.. To Negros and evacuated 1943. MELCHOR, Pe dr o Guerrilla leader reported surrendered 61' in Sep 1943; Mindoro, Guerrilla on IDeyte July 1943. MENDOZA-, Col. Leads KARINSG unit near Infanta, Tayabas; irresponsible and not liked. MENDOZA, Capt. Higino Reserve Capt. of PA. re-war .63, 64, 65. doctor at Puerto Pricesa and. former Gov, of Palawan. escaped to hills and organized guerrilla unit which assisted some American PW who escaped. from Puxerto Princesa. Was CO of' "A" Co. with Eq. at Malcaimpo when captured by the 'Japane se in January 1944. MANDOZA, 2nd Lt. Justiano Former Chief of the Quyo Hospital at Cuyo. Was generous to American so1~- diers and. is regarded as a capable man, MEhDOZ.A, 2nd It. Luci o P. S-4, 2nd Combat Team, Panay. 53 MERCADO, Ma j. ermenegildo Organized guerrillas in 70,71$72,73978

-129 iViRCAD0, Cap t. J. Former Asst Provincial 'Inspector, 27s28 Albay PC. - Now with ANICO. MIERCAfO, Jose,A Jr.. fotor; appointed 'Provi.ncia1 Health " ff.oer by ZAGL.E0N in.wj.ive~i3t MBREAS,. 3rd It.Mansuel S4 ].est a3n,-:65th Combat'.Ten 'Pana~y, 54 Amer'S.can..,northeast of $an. 4aroel .o,l, 4 Zaabales.. -42MEBRtTT',Oapt. Pedro V. Guerrilla leader in northern 501,7,$01-66 O--456, PA; METES,, 2nd' IA. Conrade L. 5--4, 3rd .Bn, 65th Combat Team,, Panay. 55 MIOAe.BEL, Lt,. Lorete - 0.,-.° to NGtLBON in Au~g., 1943. 3 MIGUEL Capt. Pate±cjo M. $?-2, 63rd.-Combat Team, Panay. 5 Adj and, S--1., 65thCombat Team, Panay, 54 Appointed. fDistrict .Provincial Auditor MIJAESCa. Gil M. by: in wiht er 1943. MILLTS, aPedro KA2NGL.EON Amnerican; .attached, M.RI1 G$, now with ANDElRSON, MILLS 28th Bom~b Group; ap Capt.'EDAWT0, Manalao Moro, prominent guerrilla leader, 91 ~CO:127th Rcgt. MZBAF ORES, Gregorio local guerrilla leader at J'angolasiton. Palawan!. NLIRAN2DA, Bras leadero f guerrilla unitt whioh con-- 294946 trolled territory 'frog Baybay to Palompon, Leyte. .Inwin~ter 1943.. H~ad. clashed w$.th KAWTGTFOI ts forces. ar oud. Baybay in 'whi ch a number of people.'were killed MIBAR A, Capt. Juan Former .Se'geant, PA. Leader 23 24, 25, 26 of u -it in-'amarinse Sur, 27, 29, 31, 66 Associated with LA~t S: MITflA, Assemblyman Bamon Connected. with ETRIQTjBZ, now Depu.ty 43 Governor.-ofbBaguio. IM40iANA Laud independent guerrilla leader, San M'ateo~a Laguna;. well known and like. MOLINTAS, Lt. L~ead.er of 'smallunit 'under ZABA&T. 29 M0MU0GA1 ,"Capt. Jose Former .00 N'orthern. Cebu Sector. leader. in :attack again t Butuan,. 95 .Agusan, in -Mayr 1943.. MOR0 ',.Maj. Celestino S.. 6th MD G-1 Officer. 51 IO1NSOfl, Godofred~o Governor. b Thxeva Ec3 ja; believed 13 advisor of HUALAJA'S. I OcTALvAN~, .Antonio Brother .to Je suo IWNT.AVA.; i s lugon At g e .Nn D. t - , a c 9 4 MO1TALV4N, cap t. Jesus J. Governor of Free Negros; pre-war ° 76,77 Governor of N'eros; Occ. - well kiked. M01NTt01T, .3rd. Lt. Tagalog, -f ozmer Deputy Treasurer, Sulu; now Free Sulu Govt~ Auditor anid authenticates Sulu Emergency_ :Currency. NMONTILLA, Leo Pre-war mayor of Jovel~lar. Loyal; had. 28' .small unit. N'ow with O0 B.A. MOiNTIN0LA, Lt. Col:._ 6th, MD Adjutant, 51 MORALES, .Qpt. ,edro 8-3,1st En, Bohol Coti, June 1944., 8l,9$ A. C, of. S., G-2, BM ISEY organization. Early guerrilla leader in '5,8' , 6-,87 Lanao, guerrilla organizer $9-9O,91,.013 and C/S 10th MD until Sep 1943. MORTEBA, Lt. Col.Oiriaco Form~erly CO 105th Div, now AG "tA" 88990 Corps. MOD~S, Lt. Col. rMartinA Former officer of the 11th Div, MA; 41,4~3 escap'ed frzom Bataan and. with .1OBLB, establi'shed a :coordinated. guerrilla commanvdin. northern Luzon. after the capture of' Col. NAZAR;- capte.b the Jp son "1 *Jun~e q'94?. MOSKA.IRA, Col Roger MOSQSLA., Lt. 6th MD southern Tayabas Intel agent. 66 MOX'A, Capt. Leon S-4, 74th Inf, Northwest Negros Sector, 78 MTJEGO, Senior Inspector; puppet Constabulary 82 CO in Tagbilaran, Bohol, IURIILLA, Lb. A. M. Guerrilla on Leyte in July 1943. MURPHY, Mr. American old timer on Panay with .48 Cninghar said to have started guerrilla activity on Panay. MURPHY, M~aj. Arthur P. Captain:, AUS. Also with VOLCXMv;ANN 44 0-334755 command, West Point class 1934. G-12, 11th Div on Bataan and escaped. Now VOLC1DAiTN s G-2. M~iaj. at date of surrender. MURPHY, Lit. Andrew American mestizo; early leader N. Lanao. MUXCO, Maj. Pablo Member of the 5-3 section of the 6th MD, 65' sent by Col PDBATO to organize the Palawan SpecieJ Battalion. Rsgarded as a good man but, is influp~enced to o much by, Capt. GARC IA. Has apparently done a good job of protecting the people and cooperating with the free civil government.

N'ASA, Capt. Jose Labor leader, Iloilo City, propaganda officer for guerrillas, good journal- istic abilities. Has m~en spotted throughout Iloilo City bu~t svrurces not fully utilized by 6th MD intel *section. ?'ACARlO, Capt. Organized small guerrilla group in 5 northern Samar; Mayor of Calbiga. NAC I O1'AI,S , 2n4 Lb. Dar iye s 0. 5- , 3rd Bn,, 65th Combat Team, Panay. 5 NAG.AL N, Dr. femetrio Medicalt G 3 Officer,ri:R I HUNTERS.Asg e il a .4 ,NAGTALON, lst Lit. Dlante Q. NAIN, Chief Guerrilla leader in 3rd Bn, Kla- 103% kulay, JQolo NAKCA., Ib. Col. Guillermo Z. Cowmanderof remnants o$ the l4t, 39;E441 Inf in Nueva Vizcaya. Established the first coordinated .guerrilla cam- mand in north central Luzon. Captured by the Japs in Sep 1942 and 'reported execu.ted shortly thereafter. 1'AANJO, Capt. Prominent guerrilla leader Mis. 0cc. 87 NAVALTA9 Lit. CTUSHING regimental- signal officer. NAVARRO, Lb. ~arly guerrilla leader at Compostela. 99 Davao, NAVARRO, Lb..Edmundo Attached to .Manila group and fled 41,42,43 to Negros with Col. BOBB.OD40. NAYLOR. Lit. Charles Li. FA, with TIH0 mid-1942. Possibly near Baler mid-1944. NAZARENO, Jose Reported commading guerrilla garri. 2, son-,between Tiloan and Cabalian, Leyte, ;April 1943. N1EEfaA.M, Capt. J. R. With P P~.at,ER Kabrgao., July 1943. 40 NEIGM, Cpl. Gotlieb 31st Inf, escaped PV~ attached MA.: ZING$ as Got. until April 1944, now with ANDERSON. NEPOMUrCEN0, Ricardo Judge, connected with Free Philippines. 18 NEPONUCENO, 3rd Lb. Vicente S. Graduate of ROTC school and is active under Capt. ,AIOBES in 11011 Co, Palawan Special Battalion, 1N1RA, Cabal ino I NTEP.$ CO. Santo Tomas, Batangas town. 21 1ERI, Lb. Loreto Asat G-2, Free Philippines. 18

- 1 4 NAY ti'Ztt.tManuel- $--4 .F RIQUEZ guerrillas. Was in I'anila '41 now in Nueva Eci ja, an .inactive ..released'-PW. NEBWMAN, CaptR Shelb.F., FormerlyMt.gebr.ary with 57th Inc;, with PP AG . 40' 0'.35l3 81 ~'eb1943. KnoQwn in 1944 to b~reeo~Zuzon, whereabouts not stated,. NICOLAS (alias EIeex ) Attorney; Socialist leader andpoliti~cal advisor -in,Thdacan, Former officer of th~e ,11th fliv,P; 41,43 esoaped from Bataan and.with MOSES, established a coor'dinated guq;rrilla command ntoNLuzon after the capture 0± Col. -NAK4R;' captured by the Jars o~ 1 June 1943. NOL4S0O, Maji t-:Ramon AC of S, G-5, '10th IvD guerrillas 85 N0RIEGA, Capt; Th4'ino 6th Mn anila agent. 67 NOVALjBS, Vicente Junior Qffic4'r JTTRS+ 1UAG, :Capt. Vicente K. C0, 85th _Regt, Bohol Command, Dec 81, 82

OCAT, Capti. Alfredo A : jutant General on ES0t5DB Staf'f. Z11,3 Me4mber of SAY0C-...CNDRIZ--OCAIPO clique. 0CAPO, Lt. Col. Emanuel -LTTT 00, Lumbang-Pallita, Laguna 2). area; former PA reserve; well known and. liked, OCR(U4, MajlIManuel 00 EEJBA1JA JAP #48 Squadron. -16 OCTAVIAI\O, 'Capt., Issuro S-3, 63rd. Combat Team,. Panay 53 0FFDAIL, Ca-pt, Ootabato guerrilla.' 99 OFFEMARIA, M~aj. Francisco -FormerlyCobtT C0O 63rd aPRegt ,P , nynow -C0 let Bn, 536r OLINQJ0, Lit.- Formerly joint leader with- It, CARO 5 of T.'.B. ederat .on guerr'il la unit. Now, with -PAflUA, Bicols.' OLIXVBxO, 2nd -Lt..' abino G-3, ,ATRSOW s Ball Military Area, - 17 ~ulacan. OLiIVESl , Sant iago CC, n""Co, Marinduxque guerrillas. 59' OLONfl IZManuel Formner-Sorsogon. civil officil. Now 31,33 G-4-.for ESCTJDEhO uni t. see AMILBA1N0SA. 102; OPINIONT, 3rd Lit, Glicerio, Jy. Asst G,-4, M HR iIIA guerrilla-s, 45 ORA.CION, Capt Timoteo S. G-4, ,73rd Prov fliv, Negros Or. - 79

- 0B3GOSQO, Capt. Joaquin V. S"-4, 65th Combat Team., Panay,. 54 ORCIlLQ, Capt.- . V'ct orino Former 3rd. lit. P.:?) USEZNG battalion C0,- Cebu.. OROBIA,._ "Gen'. Gerardo Former, itinerant artist. . Tow leader 24,28-

of unit in Albe.y. --

-ORTEGA, Col. Le~ader of McKlNIY Brigade, associated 20 with MAB.INGS. 0P.TE0AS, Lt it. Pedro S-2 to T. FA LLARIA, CC 64th Combat Team, 54 Panay, OWTIGAS, let -Lt. IResurrQoflo Ad j &, S-l, 2nd 3n, 2nd Combat- Team, 53 S Miasbate under TAISSIONGCO, 00, 3rd Combat Team, 'Panay, 53, 55 0USIHIN0 ordered SP RITU tpo.attempt - SM4.TA, Itt, Col." -Jlmilio to locate; killer bar NONmen in 1943.

Important off icer on flWN3' s, 26 WW3Lt.. staff-*. intel agent. 66 p. BLIIOA, ; oLt*:,eu~ 6th-MD Corregidor " u trrilla on Leyte in August x.943. '2,4

-~ PACAIN'A, Datu Mvoro -guerilla leader, at Tugaya, LIanao.. PADUA, Capt. TeofiliUo Leader of Camp Zeorog Unit 23,24,25,26' in Camarines Sur. Former coun-- 27929932 cillor with "ZBAT. The 3 PADUG'A brothers are members of the guerrillas in the 'Danlig area,. Palawan. PAGANTALA.N, Zacarias Guerrilla leader at }3acao on flmaran I sland.. PAGEB, Maj. Herbert CO, 116th Regt', Cotabato. 98,99 PAISO, M'Iarcelo T. Gov'ernor Ianao under guerrillas. 86 PALA1WA, 3rd Lit.-Antonio Son of Jose PALL N0A,. former Mvayor of Puerto Princesa. Early member' of Capt. N1N0ZA' s unit, Palawan. PALINGT , 3rd Lit. SaJrustinao S-.2, 72nd FA Regt, East Negros Sector. 78 PAUSTRE, lIt. Company officer un.der Iaj. R.UFFY; be- 61 lieved. to be still with Maj. RTJFFY, 'VIindoro. PAM~NIAN, Lt, Col. Felix In ivarch 1944 reported as IVaj. com~mand ~2 4 ing guerrillas from Carigara and Viler labas, Leyte, northwards icluding 31 iran Island, under KAG 1 . PANLIL1LO, Yay Woman, backbone 'of M X4NG guerrillas. 19 PANTAILON,Capt. iumalao Li. Ex 0, .st Bn, 66th Combat 'ream, Panay 55 PABAIJEJAS,. Capt. Rixstico Ex 0, ?2nd. FA Regt, East Negros Sector.. 78 PAREDES, Lt. Was former member of Constabulary. Actieve 'in the Leyte--Cebu area after Jap occp~pation. PAROJI, Lit. Leader, 1st Vin, Cawacawa, Tawi Tawi. 103 P'ARPAN, Ernesto Junior officer, WJNTBRS:; ROTC Phil School of Arts. PABICENS, Sgt, N~ueva Ecija 6th 1'D Intel agent. 66 PARSONS, Comdr C. GIQ; SWP'A, went to Mindanao in 84,85,93,98 *1943 for several months. ?ARUNGiiW, Lt. Pedro W'ith.EtH AI 4JAP #23 Squadr'on. 16 PATIGBAS, 1st Lt. Primo G~. Bohol liaison officer to M4indaao. 81 P.AUINIST, Juan Attorney connected with Free 18 Phil ippines. PAZ, .C. R. do la Purported civil engineer said to have .32 connections with STBAU0GN,- at present with 2ESCUDR0:. PEDRAYA, It. Javito Early guerrilla leader, now Ex 0, 18 1l1th 'Prow Bn, Davao. PEDROSA, Lorenzo E. Deputy Governor of Samar.. 6 PEN.ARA1DA, Cole Lucie x~-convict? Attached MA KING$ near Tanay, Riz4l; not liked. PBNDATIJN, Salipid~a Mvoro, early guerrilla939,89 leader Cotabato.~uidnon, now c0t 118th Regt,. Cotabato.o- PENGUIN, Col,. E. Assumed- name possibly used, by I 'aj-. Edwin P. flA~vSEY,. FffdIDA,. Capt.4 Guerr'illa.00, north of Bacolod. PEPITO, Lit, Eary guerrilla leader at Saug. Davao 9 PERALTA, Col, Macario CO, 6th I ,~ 6,11,18,21031,38,45946-62 64,65 PER Z, Angel 6th To anila agent. PEREZ, Capt. icard~o Leader of guerrilla group, "43rd Div"t on Luzon. PER ING, Maj Leads NARK.ING. band near~ Ant ipolo, Rizal. P'oT-American,, PETTITTI 2nd Lit. Bert B. US officer to M~indanao June 1944, still there; belongs ANDERSON commiand. PIA, ereso c/S, HtflT R. 21 PIANG, fDatu tugay '(Capt. ) Mdoro, guerrilla in 'Cotabato, joined 97,99 command 1943:

-133 ~a PIM, 3rd. Lt. -Geiaci.o Has had 6--years service as mnember' of the PC... Palawan guerrillas. PHtILLIPS, Maj.I awrence x, GHQ representative on Mindoro inr~ 12,61 ,62 late 1943, and early 1944W. S-2,: under ALAIRC01N, Zamboanga City 86 PIID ,.SLt,B~ area early 1943. Coastwatcher, Brookes Point, Palawan. 65 PIA&ATA, Ma.--Samuel C., C0, 3rd Bn, 66th Combat Team, Panay. 55 PLAINCA, Lt. Carlos Assistant G,-2, 52nd. Div, 5th MD, BicoLs. P0BIETS, Jose Alias Ma j. Jose BANAL;: ,HUKBAIJA?0CO Pampanga. On H JIKALA.JAP? Staff. 15 POLI CA.RPI©, Maj. 6th ID representative with-HUN'TTBS.- 20 POLXOAPIO, 'Silva RUJIA LAJAP Regimental Inspector INueva Ecija and, towns of' north Bulacan. PON\CE, Capt. GUSHIZNG regimental officer. PDOE, Capt. Whingtoni S.-?, 1st Bn, Boho'l Command, June .1944. 81 PORE, F. Guerrilla on Zeyte in July 1943. P'ORTTS, Capt. Jose R. K 0, 2nd. Combat Team, Panay, , 53 P0S0INCUY, Lt.. Palph J. Chinese mestiz~o at Carigara, teyte. G-2 to K.ALGEON, Aug 1943. PQTEWTE, Enrique Chairman of ILeyte.Emergency- Currency. ;Board in Sep 1943. Appointed ?rov Audit or of Leyte by IG0EN in winter 1943. POTAYCS, IA, Juan .MA UNGA,.Wit Pangasinan, captured June 1943. ?BAIEGER, Maj. Ralph T4. Officer of 111 Troop, 26th Cay, 40,41 '143 and leader of a guerrilla band fofrmed. around this unit in Ivountaini Prov, Captured by the Japs in Ak'g 1943. PRESF(TBE, iraM j. 00, Kaban alan. area, Negros 00c.1 PUGN14 Lt. 6t4 M Manila agent. 66 PU1KINGLtI. Gerril~a leader on Cuyo, Believed to be a relative of iiaj, Pedro PONCE ~EO PUKRING N\ame given to wild gtuerri.lia group in 471 mountains of east. central- N\egros.. Original CO this group also kiown as PVRING, now *killed,,

QUEJJAD4, Maj. (Fe lipe P..?) 00 (?), 108th Regt, Lanao, 92 QUE~ZQN, Mainel President of. the PI. In early 1943 86 created the Mindanao -Emergency Crrency Board. Q.UIIf3IQ, Lopez C. Judge of -First instance, Samar' Pro-r 6' vineial Board. QUINES., Honorio S-2,,i IQYEZ guerrillas,. lk 1942, 41,42 beheaded by Japanese in Pangasinan (1944? ) ~in~pector General to K TGLE03\T in 3 August 1943.

WANGAI, Gujlan Guerri .la leader in Caran, Thzmaran Id, RA Lt. Domingo Asst G-.2 to .KAGLE0 T in A-mg 1954.3 RAF0ILS, 3rd Lt, Rafael raduate of Officers Training Scho.. at Tarlac, He is Et C .of -1"A11.Co, Palawan Special Battalion.. FAM,: Capt, Mario PQQ officer ,. liaison with Mindanao RANMAS., Matz. G-3 Bohol Area Command, 1944. RBI IE,: Xo1: Con ectedwwith HtJ1TERS,

- 134 RA.MODO, Tt. Elpedio Guerri11a on ILeyte in Aug 1943. ,AICIS, Capt. CO of B coast 1Bn (Samnar) under V.a~. 7 EAIVIOS , Lt. Guerrilla at .Buenavista,. Agusan. PAMOS, Alfonso Me ber of ENRIQUZVs Manila organi-za,' 43 tiori. NSow in Albay. RADIOS, Gtalberto, 3rd It.. 5-4,WIt Bn 1UI~, Dec 1942, -Lanao. RAMIOS, Hiram Member of ?JJ RIQUtEZ s ~Manila -organization, 43 (brother to lf onso?) and now PQOG operative in Fort Santiago. RAMOS., Maj. Norberto G-.3;, MAIRLIKAA guerrillas, 45 .AMSBY, Edwin USA, guerrilla leader in cent~ral 9,11,12 Luzont, 13,16, 67 RA TGAS,TLt. Guerrilla on' Leyte in July' 1943. RA.TA@, Lt. Ismnael. G-2, Sulu Area Comman~d. 103 RAVAL, Capt. Constantino F'orpi'er co .ornblon guerrillas, later 60. 6th .MID .L.zon agent and now possibl~y killed. R:YVAL, Vicente 00, 1st District,1M 1RIA. :45 RAVENA, 2ndTLt. Cornelio p. 5--3, 65th Combat Team2, Panay. 54 I AYOI4A LTt. 6th SID Laguna intel agent. 66 RECOTE, Capt. EmUrio Leader of _small guerrilla group in 7 SW' Samar,. absorbed by ARTECBE . REDOR, Col. Ponciano Leader of Fil-.American Gue 'rtllas, 17 associated with MARiCINGS. REGMA DO, Ruf inO Chief Div of' Investigation,. tflBA aA 15 JAPS.; formerly-1"Mayor of Caluxnpit. Former Maj, USAT~, Chief of 30,32,46#47 Staff to PI4T. 6th M. 48,51,54 Chief of "Barrio Union4 Defense Corps" 14 in Central Luizon. REmvPILLO, Mayor Former. Mayor. of Oas, now officer on 28 ZABAT s staff. RESURRECCION, A. Worked with fNTPIQUEZ. 43 1:EYES , LTt FM.TIG. officer who met with Capt. GARCIA of CUSHhING unit in regard to Cebu situation in June 1943. BEYBS,. Capt. Alfredo de lqs 5-3 of Palawan Special Battalion. 65' CO HUWBALaAJAP #23 Squaadron. 16° REYBS, Ltt. Antonio' Tat,ADomin acor 'mportant" LA.PUS junior officer". REYES, C. Aide t o AMSEY, central Luzon, ?BYES, 1st. Tat. E. Franco Vera (CIO-.12) A-Filipino agent worldin for 42: REYES, the Jape.(?) Ricardo xz 0 of M.A' s guerrillas. 25 :3,'L. Attorney, connected with Free Philippnine .18 REYES, Jose Maj Rodolpho Former lawyer in Bacolod, now G--2, 7; RBYES, District Hq, 7th IMD. Guerrilla on leyte in July 1943. REYBS, Tat. V. T4 Int.e ligence officer of ABIANTguer- 45 rillas. MiEYN1SO, Capt. Nestor Captured in Manila, Feb 1944. 43 RIBO, Mamerto Appointed Asst Provincial Fiscal, Leoyte, by IaNGL0\T in winter 1943, RICHARDSON, 'Lt. Il.iff David. USS~R; M'T3 Sq N~o. S; sent to install' 3 large radio set for K4 0I ON in Feb 1944, Was reported tq act as Liaison Officer from ERTI& to

RIPAD, Freaerico 22 years; Silliman stud.ent ; early guerril.la leader in Negros Or; was- Bn 00, 75th Inf;; now in 7th I l{q. RXBEL, C. Guerrilla. on Leyte in July '1943. RIVEhA, Maj, !T.. Bx 0 and 'S-2, 130th Regt, Davao. 100 RIVERA, .'2nd Lt. lamon S"-4, 77th Prov Regt, Negros Or. 79 RIZA.LES, Capt. 6th MtD Iiuzon agent. RIZ4TAIIO, 1st TLt. . $-2,' 66th Combat Team, Panay. 55. CO, ROBI 1 BS, Ramon Alias;.. t=ALJAP Bulacan town 16, Page ROBLES, Capt. Mari ano CC,. 64th Combat Team, Panay, 54 ROCFS, Rafael, Jr. MVanla business manager connected with 18 F'ree Thilip-tines. ROflRIC'UEZ, 3rd Lt. Bruno H~as had 6 years service with the PA. Was on Bataan. R~egar'ded as a good man. Palawan. RODRIGUEZ, FeJloteo ge and, his brother, Fernando, are guerrilla leaders in the Del Pilar area, Palawan,. RODRIGUEZ, Fernando With brother, Feloteo, guerrilla leaders in Dl F ilar area, Palawan, RODRI'TUZ,~3rd .It.. Irmeo Former school teacher at Brooke's Point. 1cw wi.th the guerrillas in northern Palawan. ROOGERS, Col. E .die Former Secy to Adm. E~AT (?),. Good int el agent for MAKINGS in Mvanila. Pro-Ameri can. ROGRS4, 2nd It. Robert R. American mestizo in the mines at Coron. Was an early guerrilla leader-with Capt, AMOBtES. Reported to be dependable and, resourceful., RORIUS -Guerril~la leader reported ;surrendered 61 in Sep 1943; M)indoro~ ROMBERO, Lt.. V~. S-49,'121st Regt, mnid.-1943. 86 ROSA, Alfonso de la HUHB4JAP Political Director in 16

ROSA, Cbl. Armando de la, Contacted by Negros agents l943--; connected with Bt A.I1VAR; IC'of

ROSA, Lope do la. Member of W.litart' Committee HUKBA&LA.JAPS.15 ROSEL Early guerrilla leader off, Masbate, proe- 57 sent location unknown,,, ROSEN~QUIST,, Maj.' R. A. AC of S,G.2, 10th MD' guerrillas 85 ROWE,. Qomdr. George V. USN.R GHQ representative on Mindoro -since 62 mid-1944. RUFFY, Jose M., Maj. Pre.-war senior inspector of Constabu- 61,62 lacy. RUIVIVAR, Capt. A. Commands a ZABAT unit in 'iwi-Tabaco area, Alb ay, RTJIZ , Capt. H. V. Ex 0Q, 1st Combat Team,.Panay; good 52 friend. of Cirilo P&RIA.

SAAVEDRA., Filemon provincial Treasurer. of - eyte Emergency Curr~ency Boards. Appointed: Provincial Auditor by K'4ON~I winter 1943. Ex 0, 3rd Bn, 63rd Conmbpt Team, Panay. 54' SA.BAB ,'Maj., Anton io .EX.-Governor of Samar but was retired to perform special missions. ST , Lt.. From 14th Bomlb Sq, 19th G'p; was opera- 3 ting radio station on Leyte in spring .1944. SAIPJDI.N, Lt. Jucudin On duty, Sulu Area Command, f oi'mer teacher and ROTC graduate. SALiAZAR, a 4, °4Z ohol 4Area Command, 1944. 82 SALIA AR, Lt. Eugenic 6th 0- Manila agent. 67' SAIAZAR, -Maj. Jose Former 'Signal Off icer for GUJSHIN~G. SALIAZ.R, Mai.: Jose Formerly'' GA .ORs Signal -Officer,. 73, 77,'78' row 7th M'D Signal Officer.; SALCEDO, Maj.-Federico 6th MID Intel 0. 3, 51, SALVACION,: Lt.:. Felix CC, 11G11Co, Masbate guerrillas under 58 TANTSIONGCCO SALVADOR,, 'Col. Tefilio Z. Itt, , .Well known~ and liked in Cardona, Ritel Leads actve- band SARANG One of 5 controll1ing HUBALAJAPS SA'$IANO, fDatu Sultan se 3arura o,.on coast 'eastb of Malabaxxg, Lanao".. One 'of few clean handed Mores. on the coast, protects Christians, ,working with guerrillas. SAMPSON. Capt. CO in northiern Negros. S,YUID1, Maj.. Ad iano CO, 2nd. 3n,, 65th Combat Team, Panay. 54 SAN D.STIN, Maj. Antonio PQOG officer, Batangas. SAN AGUSTI N Lt a'Pri mi tivo PQOG officer, Batangas, liaison to 22 Mlindanaoc SANCHEZ, Col. 2nd in -comman.d of H ~LA.JAP 8th RegionalCommand.,. SANCHEZ, 3rd Lit. Andres cor'nier sc~ool teacher. e(. an protected several American soldiers in his home in %'y'o. Former Civil Affairs Officer for 35,38 GUSHING,' Now G-2 (1). Fcrmerly 1st Lit, USAFF; Commjtided Northeast Cebu Sector und~er ccambiied. oo Lancd, saw action on Mindanao as a 'Capt. SANDIC0, Maj. Francisco Former Prov1.noiaI Inspector 18,23,25,27 I'C,. Albay. Now leader of a 28, 30, 31,,32 guerrilla u~nit in Albay. SANflOVA%, 3rd Lit. Alberto Youvng doctor; Palawan guerrill.a. SANflOVAI~. Casiono Dr, connected with Free Phglippi.nes. 18 SAIWOVALj. olumibus Chinese"4'ilipino guerrilla mestizo on 'Cuyo. $ANGAR, Maj. Antonio CO UALAJAP #44 Squdron: 16 SANGUTILA, Joseph Ivoro from Mi may, W.d much to mainimize 91 Moro--Christian . outbreak~s' involved with M0IRGAN against ZRT G in 1~943. SANIN, Maj. J . . ZAB3AT officer. in command of a ".regiment'1; SAN JUAN, Col. A. MARKING&- egt C0, Cardona. Rizal ; pr& Amer ican. SAN JUAN, Francisco G-_?, HTIUB$..21 SAN JUA.N, Marcel Native of Cuyo, now with the "guerrillas at Caramay,, jalawan. SAN\TADA, Q,uinto 6th -N~anila intel agent. 67 SANT IAGO, A4rmand~o Mlember Ticao Isla .d oastwatcher party.58, 59 SANTIAGO, Estaolito (alias?) Sorn of Jesus A .AARA. 58 SANTIAGO: Maj. Juan Leader of Anilao. associated with 20, MARKINGS, S.ANTILiLA, Capt.'; 3.M. Officer with VLiGF, Zar4bales, SANTILLA1NA, Lit. Guerrilla in ?amboQanga City_ area 1943., 87, SANTOS, MaJ. Ale jo Guerrilla leader in Bul.acan Pror. x117 SANTO, PedroAbad HWBAIAJA Pleader. .34 .5 SAPON, Lit. CO, Cur'uan (Zamboanga) 'Sector, end 1942. SAPMJ, Lt. Juihari On duty, 15th Bn, .SuuArea Command, for ner 'taacher and ROTC graduate. SARILiE, 3rd. Lt. Bernardo SARROSA,, Capt. Francisco 0. 3, "C$75th;CMrnuqegerla, Inf , Sut Negros Sector* 799 SATJLOG CO Carmona-Nanez Area, Cavtte. 22 SAURAR, Capt.' ZA3BAT Staff. officer, Albay,. SAVALLON, Lt. CUS LING regimental: officer, Cebu.- SAYO, Lit. Cole lB. T. FIor mer PC medical Lit. Now . 30",31, 32 .33 Chief' of. Staff -to, IODERO. SC RILLiA, '2nd Lit. Juan E. G-2, .4\DB$ON's Ball Mlilita'y Area, 17 But. ac an SEGURA, Maj. Manuel AdZj for CUSiIN G was 2nd.Lit. USAFFE. _38 SEMBR~3AN0, 2nd Lit. Jesus A. Ad~j of Northeast INegros Sector.. SENEBES, -Col. Salvador Educated., with FAIT: with !TA, lING$ after capture of. STIAIUI{N; raises fund~s for MABINGS. G-2 to 'PE? A3jTA, ,6th MiD, ranay,: 28, 29, E+, 53 anti] March 1944.. 55,:58a66

131? SHIARP, Gen.;, William USAFF comander at fansalan, Lanao, 71 at time of surrender.. SHO F1ER, IMaj .. J. C. flavao PW escapee,-,'guerrilla leader 95 114t] Regt, now evacuated, SHORT, Sgt. Albert A. Reported still free tn Fe t 1944. 40 SIA, Guajlberto, Guerrilla leader Olongapo and 11 Botolan, Zambales SIA2ONGC .2nd Lt.-Bautista P. S-2' to 'Y. TYATAR, CC, 64th~ Combat Team, 54 Panay. SIBAILA, Capt. Galicano ZL. G -?,, 73rd Pray Div, Negras Or... 79 SIIL-vIAW, Robert B. Si111tman U~niv. Prof. of.a story, Dep Gov of southern N~egros Or. u~nder VILLAI'4OR 7th i D Command; evacuated early 1944.. SIItA, Policarpic D~egtl Inspector of I{UXBAIAJAP 8th 1.6 Regional Command. SILVER, Maj,. Bataan veteran, pro-American with MARKINGS. SIiP'I, 3rd Lt. Ursula G--3, Sulu Area Command. 101,103 SINAY, Capt. Oteo Chief Signal Officer for ;VOLIUK'L NN. 44 SI1\DAGA, Lt. 'D. Leader 1st Bn, Layya (7)s Tawi Tawl. 10.3 SIRUIGA, 2nd Lt E~ugenio S-w5, 2nd.?3n, 63rd Combat Team, Panay,, 53 S1IVAS04T, )st ,t.- Felix 6th VLD'Cavite--Batangas intel agent. 67. SMITH, Capt. O~hrles Hi American mestizo., and branch manager- 79 of International garve'ster. Co. in Bacolod before surrender. Joined guerrillas and is now Ez Ob, 1orth- west N~egros Sector. SMITH,. . Col. Charles II. Appointed. 00, Samar' Cod- 6,7,11,31,33,84 madid September 1944, SMITH, Lt. Ruell4 Howard Former Sgt 28th Bomb Sq; from Rapid City, S, -Dakota: Member of IMindanao guerrilla forces in 1943. Reported at radio station on Leyte in March 1944. SOLIDON, Leonardo Junior .Mem~ber' Samar Provincial Board. 86 SOLaIMANh Lt. PE. Guerrilla leader in northern Samar. 5 S0LIM1, aCol. Maros Graduate of Ft. Benning. CIS for .. 2 MIPAMA. Reported to have evacuated to northern island~s of Bohol in Jan-Feb 1944. SOLIV.,Maj. Fidel Chief of Police in Bacolad before 77,78 0-1042, SPA surrender, now Ad j, fistrict Hq, 7th M.~D Mixed in local politics, 1 SORIA}10, Capt. Doroteo G uierila in Bukidnon with M WAUTN,, 99 now G.4, 107th Div'isio'n:, Mindanao. SORIA1NO, Caol. Onezimo Educated, with FAIT: with P ZRINGS after capture of STRATGIHT; raises fu.nds for MARKINGS. SORO1.1I.,N, Cpt. ReynoldQ EIx 0, 1st Bn, 63rd Combat eam, Panay.. 53 SOTELfO, Alfonso Guerrilla leader 'reported surrendered 61 in 'Sep 1943. $PIEI,M1N, Lt. Robert Davao PIT escapee; guerrilla leader 96 114th Rest, Sui~igao. STERINBERG, Lt. Adclolph- Gu~errilla leader antid. intelligence 10 0 officer near. Davao City. STRATTAN, Sgt. leader, 1st Bn, Tehem, Tawi Tawi. 103 STBUATT1, Capt. Guy Food Administra~tor, Sul~u Area Command, former Deputy Governor of Sulu. STRATJ0'RN, Col. Rugh Original leader and founder 9,11,18 19 of' Filipino- Americani- Irregu. 20,22, 27,'32 lar Troops in centr~l Luzon: *Captured by Japanese. SUARBZ:,, Mao7. On duty, Hq Boho). Comim id, June 1944~. SUAREZ, Ccl..lJe janaro 00, Sulu Area Command. 84,92,102,103,104 SIJIJO'

- 1~8 SURIAN, Lit. TaibP;. Leader '3rd Bn Mt TLmantangis, _Jolo. 103 SY, Capt. Antollano P. Was GADOR' s AG. 73 5Y CI?, Mvanuel Chinese, Dumagiuete nearohaant; helped 74 guerrillas i.th supplies. TAALiA, Mateo C. Treasurec -Samar :Iprorin a1 oard# 6 TABI Political' and. guerrilla le'ad~er on Cu aran Island. on Burial Island. 24,29 TACBUA, Capttai Guerrilla leader -K Early guerrilla +in Lanaoi now G-3, 92 108th Div. 'AALOG, LPvt. Leacor .1st Bn=, Laum TAbanan, & tUbian,' 10" TAHIR, ILt. Pantaril On duty 2nd Bn, Sulu Area Command, former teacher and. ROTC graduate. VAECapt.:,.Iluminado fD. ;Ad j and S--1~, 73rd Prov Dliv, Negros O.~ 79 TAUBU1YONG, .flatu Moron, chief friendly l e~deri in eastern 102 'Jolo. TAv'tPtJCAO, 'atu Moro guerrilla leader at Tuburan, Lanao. TAN, 2nd Lt: Aton Saehool teacher and reserve off icer; 103 Cinese-4Moro mestizo from .$Vbu.tu; brother of Usop TAN, .puppet off .cial in Job; 00, Hq Service 00, Sulu 4rea 'Command°.. TAAD~A, Lorenzo Attorney, connected with Free Pilippines18: TANSIO1T1GCO, Maj. Vicente A. 6th 1VD backed commander of -Masbate 53,57,5,8 guerril~las in mid-1944 x'ow .on 59. Panay. TANTTYIOO, Francfiso Appointed ,Asst Prov incia1Treasurer and Cashier of Leyte by' NGEON in winter 1943, TAlNYAG, Lt. Col.-,B envenido S. Senior off ioer PQ/OG, Batangas. T4'ARA T, Col: CO Ternate-laragon4on River Area, Cavite. 22 TARUi,' Luis. One of 5 controlling HUJBIAAS 5 1 TATS1, Oap1i William Barly gue~rrilla leader:, Lanao 86,87,89 Prov,' assisted. MORGANT drive Japs from Misamis Ccc. TAYAG, Enrique fl. Membe~r of BNRIQUEZ's' Manila orgatzation.92 TAYAG, Maj. Hermeni ;ildo Contact In Central Luzoni fori!Pres. 22 Quezon'.s Own Guerrillas TE1ANO, Lt. Col. Justino PA, on staff 105thi Div, Mambo anga. 87,88 Jr BC Znspector , Boac, Maranduque, 59 TEJERO, Capt. Sta ~'ilomena, Junuary 1943. TERR&AA, Sgt. Guerrilla,.uni commander In Leyte, 2. *T~Va, Capt. Lorenzo 26 years; law Student ;G~nC-?, 7th10rq;. THOMAS, Maiji Chndler B. G"-2, 4. Corps (?),, weetern Mindanao, 92 THO~vi', ,Lit. Richard Foxer G 3, 110th Di&; ,now operates 96, C4 station on Camiguen Id. THORP, C0l. Claude. Central Luzon guerrilla ' eade± 9,10,,16,'202 captured 1942. TIMvBAN, 'Eeteria Ohi'e .of'. Management (Ch~ief- Supply 15 Officer) of EIjKBAILAJPS. Guerrilla officer on Cuy-. Was in Brookel s,Point, Palawan, for a time in 1943. TIC, Lit.. $onglam Early guerrilla leader Siasi Sector 102 now has weather station on Tawi Tawi. TOBIANOSA, P. 'Was nered by LA US as the Acting ~ng neer Off icer in a tetative _or- gan izat'ion plan for the 5th NvD. TCM]2fI1G , Capt. Guerrilla leader in ~Ianga, Surigao. " 95 TOD4AS, Bleuterio Appqinte& Provincial .Board. Member for Leyte by $ANGLEON in' Nov, 9 Re ported captured byr0 surrendered to Japanese in spring 1944. TORZO. 1st .Lt.'Maniuel r~th MDI~ la Union agent. 67. TORRE, ZLt'..Gomersind~o de;-ae Former Bn S--2 ,un.der Ma j, AMY and 61;>-6 pre sent commander of. "Btu Go, under Pa~ civilian in Negros 0cc, 69,77,78 TOflRES, Maj. Fnrique. Sr.. Former organized a guerrilla group near $ nalbagan, mid- 1942; and. joined XABCJ;DEV s comand, now in charge of H~q troops, 7th MvDDistrict Hq.. Sent' from SWA. mid-1-944 with supplies 10 for and' to assist LHid vi intelligence. now a guer- T0R3ES,: Fernando Former school teacher and, rilla &.eader in the IIalcampo area, Palawan a Bohol, TORECapt. Leonardo C. Pre-war Provincial inspector.PC, on duty uit. Bohol Commiand, June 1944. PTRI1NG guer- 71 TRS 0ONTE, Torribio Pre-war attorney; was with rillas but now surrendered; and puppet Mayor of Guihuingan. Reportedly very . 38 TBAZO, Maj. Abel. 00, 87th Znf Regt. ab~le; veteran of Corregidor; sur-' rendered., but' escaped. Command. 101,103 TtS' ELit. Alejandro Zx 0, $ulu Area TUBIN~G' guer- 72. TRINIDAD, Manuel P. :Pre-war' attorney, joined villas; surrendered Jan 1944. S: 2,. o .thern Cebu Sector. TRNDD Capt. Paternos 79 2nd Lit. Cesario Adj, 75th Inf, South Nehgros Sector. TUIBAT, with Z'RR.I~Li in TUGGLa~ UP mining promoter; ?ambale s. (Jobo) sect=w. 101 TTJLAWIB, Capt. Ar las Guerrilla leader Bilaan Guerilla )eader at Brook? s .oint, 64.,5 :alawn. Reported to have drowned. in Dec 1943.

otbao uerila 9,-8 'tDfT0G* Datu Matalam MAnP4LrJ leader, brother. in,-law to PN1flT1tN Mindoro UMAI, Ilt. Guerrillacoo m der of 1W (Sablayan to Ara de 4119~) in N~ov 1943. TNhALI, . Lt, Col. 'Godofredo Senior officer 'Q,OG. PQ0G. IMaj. Juanito Senior officer UWALT~i, PQOG. UlViiALI, MVaj. Mariana Senior officer s Own Guez'- 22;3.'43 ..UMAL, Vicente - lieder of I'res. Quezon' ril).as, ou~tstanding, IMFPA, Mabainit 1Noro from ivIadamba, courageous; one of Lit. Col. IDE~S; post trusted officers. U]T Qi', Salvador leader,' close 599, 60 UINTALAN\, Capt.. Sofronio .afar induque guerrilla friend of Cirilo GARCIA on Panay. on Leyte in July 194Q. IJRIBE, I3: Gurrilla Mvoro, helped SUAEZ escae:to Batolto in 1942; now on duty Sul.u Area Coin- maiMd, Ist Bn Basbas, Tawi Taw!.

VAGGAS, p.. -Silvestro H. 14th Zngr. , P. S. from aort2ern 74,t75,79 VAII i Capt. Louis American mestizo begros, assisted BELL in establishing radio contact with 'USA. and SIW'A; now Signal Officer, 73rd 'DivR Sector. 2nd Lit. INeme io S-4, N1'ortheast Negros VDEPA.MA, N .AKI GS, thoug h doubt.0d VAL)JEZ, Col. Ale jo Possibly~ with by .VtILLAMvOR. 42,145 I", G-41 K&IHAMLA GURRTLiLiS. VATLDEZ., Ma j ,Simeon Combat Team, Panay. 54 1st Lit., Bezjam i.4 M. $--2, let Bn, 65th VALiHNTE, NE Borneo.; now on 44,.10 VALER., Lit. Jose Hlad contact with special mission to northern Liuzon,

- 140Q VALIENT. Col. Eric B. Ag, FAIT. VAI4LE, Valeriano del Fiscal, Samar Provincial Board. 6 VALLEY, Manuel Organized guerrilla groutp in Samar; '3.7 attached. organization to KANGLEON. VAILMORES, Capt. Celso, G-1, 108th Div. Lanao, 92 VARGAS,' Capt. Worked with ETRIQUTEZ, central Luzon. 43 VASQUEZ, 3rd. Lt. Florente Co. officer under NJ.aj.RUEFY'. Mindoro.61,62 Nsow Bn S-4 under BELON~CIO, Mindoro, VPL~ARDE.' Capt. Joaquin Ex;0, 76th Inf', Central Negros .Sector. 78 VELXASCO, Mayor puppet mayor of hIbon. 29 VALASQUE.Z, -Jose HUNTERS representative to -Pangasinan 21 and. all "northern provinces. VEILASQTJYZ, 3rd Lt. Maximiano 'Ad'j (?), Sulu Area Comnmand, f'ormer supervising teacher i : Siasi,. VENhAN~CIO, Domingo de CO Eastern Thxlacan, ECLGA9 11 5fENTtJR, Lt. Raymundo CO0 Vita:Li (Zaiboanga) Sector,, late 1942, VER, Miguel Ex-'NA 1942, CO HUNERS. 20 VERA, tGen. " Gaudencia 'Leader of' guerrlla group, Bondoc 22

VERA. Ltiis de, Ord Lt. L$1PU$ oficer, Sorsogon Prov, VEYRA., F. De guerrilla on Leyte in July 1943, VILLJA, Col. C/S,: HINTERS; of wealth y Manila family; mnown and lice d. Ian la and. Rizal. VILIN'tT, Pedro 00, 4th Operational (Intel) District 67 off Luzon, PZRAAIntel organization. VIiLAMOR Guerrill~a leader betweenflavao. Gulf and 98 Sarangani'.Bay, Mvindanao, VILLAMOR.. Mai, Fernand~o Present G-3 for 0USHII . P,4A g'aduate;' 38 repo'ted good. f ighter* VILI4MOR, IVaj. Jesus A. Sent on. special mission by 36,37,42, 69,70 SWPA 'to I. was on so ,thern74, 75--76, 89, 93 Negro s from Jan to Oct 1943; temporary 7th YID- ommiander Mayi to July 1943. VIILLOJADA, Capt. Juan. Masbate guerrilla leader, rebelled' 57,58 against :'N ATA influence, filed in 2ucena, Tayabas, early 1944. VILLIABIN, ILt, Early guerrilla leader at Lingigi 100, Surigao. VXILILASIS-, 't. Col. Bravulio E'.' CO, 65th Combat Team Pa~iay. 46,54055' V ILaASUR , Capt. CCn I" Co, 1st Combat Team, 'anay. 52 VIIc0RIA, Maj 4 Benjamin w. 38 years; early Nehgros Or. O',er- 73, 74 rilla leader; 3nglish and ROTC Instructor at $illiman Univ. now Stationed at 7th MD Hcj. VIhSOINS, Hon. W. T. Former, governor of' Camarines N~orte, ' 24 founder of -V N$ONS Travelling Gi.uerT. r'.llas, originally in -Camarines Norte. VITO, Lt. Isabela 6th MD Intel 'agents 66 V0OCNIAIT, Lt. Col. Russell Ex--31 s~t Inf, active with PRAIGER 10, 44,45 in 1943 and now commander of' the leading guerrilla command in ,northern Luzon , )a gely remnants of the MOSES- 1NOBLE organization.

WARNER, Everett L,~ Maj. CO, '14th Infentry, surrendered May 1942.39, 4C WATERS, Lt. Lloyd Liv . near Oroc, TLeyte, in 'May 1943, Was on staff' of Col, IiOLISH., guerrilla on N"indanao. WHETLER , Mvaj. Nv. Lv USNR. DLC of' S, 10th 1MD guerrillas. 8 WICKS Ielen American attached. with MARINGS (7?). WILLS, Capt. Doniald G-3, "Alf Corps, western lvin.danao. 92 WILSONT, it., Gwen. CO, 111th 'rov. Bn, pavao. 100

141]. WILSON, Comndr' Samuel TSNR~i jpined BOvT'LL-h at Talakagr Sep 1942;,excellent officer and in-- va2~iabie tberv±de ypth Mvindanao Car- a ehi B~oard '. :vacuated to New Guinea and the US, Nov 1944 WILSON, Cepti Vl US.. Sgt,, and on "von 1 stabel" when she 71 was sunk, Joined PTJIUNG $gillas and was second, in command- evacuated to U&S. in 1944. WORCETER, Comndr. F. L. UN . krom.Zamboanga City, Joined i.indanao- guerrillas in 1942 and was G-2 until FLA-T IG moved from ivisamis Ccc in June 1943 and v~orcester Joined guerr'illas on ievr os v .vacuate . 1943..

- ',.

*S-3, 1st Comibat Team, Panay. YAP, Capt P."M. 54 YATAR, Maj. Pedro Y. CC, 64th Combat Team, Paniay. YATON, Maj. Pedro Y. S-4,_ 64th Combat Team, Pan~ay. YBANEZ; Maj. Jesus Formerly G-2 for CUSHING. Bataan veteran, 38 escaped after joining the BC at Cebu; cap able man. YMALA.Y, 1st Lt,. Palagio Sr-4, 72nd FA Regt, East Negros ,Sector. 78 YOUNG, Capt. Frank Assisting Col, SUAREZ, Sulu,. 102. YLJLO; 2nd Lt. Luis S-3, Northeast Negros Sector, YUSON, Capt. Francisco CC, "H" Co, Masbate guerrillas under TAN$IONGGO. YIJSON,, Re stitut o Dr, University of' SantoQTomas, connected with Free Philippines.

-°..z

ZABALA, Jose Reported, to be a trustworthy Spaniard with the guerrillas in the Cara'may area, Palawan. ZABAT, Lt. Col. M. M, Former PC Constabulary 23,24,25,26,27,2$, traffic Lt. New leader 29,30,31,32,59,66' of' unit in Albay. ZAFRA, Capt._ Filerneno CO, Bolo En, Bohol, June 1944. 81 ZAMORA, Juan C.- Puppet Ma~or of' Cebu City. ZAPANTA, C apt.# Vicente. Skipper of' "Athena", supply banca, Mindanao. 96, ZARAGOSA, ,1st Lt, Vito 5-3, 2nd En, .2nd Combat Team, Masbate =' 58 under TANSIONGCO.

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