Index

Note: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.

A-Team, The (2010) 101 African Americans 48, 139, 176, 177, nationalist 123 Abadan 25 314, 316 Allen, Richard 179n(6) Abbas, K.A. 166 film about and for 319 Allende, Salvador 339–40, 341, 354 Abbot and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948) women 19 Alsino and the Condor (1982) 354 37, 213 youth 65 Althusser, Louis 19 ABC television 119, 120 African slaves Altman, Rick 37, 38, 154, 210, 251n(8) ABCDs (American Born Confused descendants of 221, 336 Altman, Robert 107, 138, 139, 140, 141, 147, Desis) 175 importation of 337, 346 149, 155 Abominable Dr Phibes, The (1971) 231, 249 After Life (1999) 260 Amar Akbar Anthony (1977) 165, 167 Abu-Assad, Hany 143, 144, 156 Aguila, Sissy 41n(16) Amarcord (1973) 377 Academy Awards 89, 162, 170, 188, 377 Ainu people 51 Amazon rainforests 336, 353, 357, 359, 387 Aces Go Places (1982) 67, 73 AIP (American International Pictures) 226, ambient sound 15, 232, 392 action scenes 60, 69 229, 231 Amelio, Gianni 322–3, 331 new kind of 59 Aja, Alexandre 243 Amenábar, Alejandro 241, 283 social context of 47 Akhtar, Javed 113, 116 American Civil War 88 thrilling 57 Akira (1988) 264, 265, 266 American Pie (1999) 137 adaptations 291n(6), 392 Alaska 360 American Wedding (2003) 137, 147 Adlon, Percy 314, 333 Aldrich, Robert 383 American Werewolf in London, An (1981) Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, Alfonsín, Raúl 340, 349 235, 249 The (1994) 294, 317, 318 Alfredson, Tomas 212, 213, 250 Amityville Horror (1979) 234, 266 aerial shots 13, 178, 314, 318, 392 Algeria 322 Amores Perros (2001) 24, 340, 355, 361, 389 Afghanistan 159, 240, 326 Alice in the Cities (1973) 310 Amorim, Vicente 360 Africa 6, 316, 325, 377 Alice in Wondertown (1991) 351 Amritsar 177 creating new markets in 82 COPYRIGHTEDAlien (1979) 231, 249, 369 MATERIALanalog information 11 establishing colonies in 27 Aljure, Felipe 356 anamorphic lens 392, 394 imported slaves 337 All the Wrong Clues (1981) 67, 73 Anand, Dev 165, 169 numbers of people and languages 325 Allahabad 167 And So It Is (1966) 353 polygamy 152 allegory 25, 198, 235, 245, 306, 310, 312, 321, Andaaz (1971) 116 Soviet influence in 23 325, 347, 357, 376, 392 Andalusian Dog, An (1929) 18 see also Francophone Africa; South Africa; avoiding 356 Andaz (1949) 163 sub-Saharan Africa Cold War 223 Anderson, Benedict 26, 27, 87

World Cinema through Global Genres, First Edition. William V. Costanzo. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Anderson, J.L. 76n(7) art cinema 28, 38, 241, 273 mainstream 90, 176 Andes Mountains 336, 341, 348, 353, 354, Art Deco 279 mass 56, 160, 259 387, 388 Arya, Sameer 187, 189 meanings unfamiliar to 117(Q1) Andrade, Joaquim Pedro de 347 Asani Sanket (1973) 164 middle-class 20, 163, 349 Andrew, Dudley 300, 333n(5), 383, 384nn(1, 4) Ashanti (Shequoiya Douglas) 177, 178 multicultural 194 Andrews, Naveen 177 Ashoka 165 national 227 Angelopoulos, Theo 321, 322, 331, 365 Asia 4, 6, 246, 316 native 170; see also local audiences Anglo-America see Bermuda; Canada; establishing colonies in 27 niche 185, 186(Q5), 316 United States genre films 38 one culture appropriates another and animation 4, 263, 319, 343, 351, 392 Soviet influence in 23 adapts for 50 altered craft of 11 see also Central Asia; East Asia; South popular 28, 64, 228, 317 relatively crude 264 Asia; Southeast Asia questions about 129 unique form of 259 Asian fiscal crisis 68 rapport with 132 Animatrix (2003) 265 Asoka (2001) 177 reactions of 137, 209 anime 259, 263–6, 392 aspect ratio 17, 393, 394, 398 regional 225, 352 Annaprasan 169 Asrani 113, 115 response of 372, 383 Anthroposophical Society 277 Assault on Precinct 13 (1976) 273 Spanish-speaking, deliberately targeting 343 Antín, Manuel 349 assembly cut 393, 395 struggling between tradition and anti-trust legislation 3, 4 rough 8 modernity 173 Antônio das Mortes (1969) 347 assistant directors 7, 259, 382, 393 sympathetic characters for 214, 237 Aparajito (1956) 164 Astro Boy (1963–6) 259, 264 tastes of, response to 68 Apennine Mountains 376 Atlântida Studio 346 theme with special resonance for 116 Appadurai, Arjun 26, 41n(12) Attack of the Crab Monsters (1957) 223 youthful/young 234, 241, 245 Appiah, Kwame Anthony 28, 41nn(15–16) audiences see also local audiences; Western Apu trilogy (1950s) 164 adolescent 239 audiences Apur Sansar (1959) 164 aggressive images to shock 210 Audition (1999) 234, 243, 250, 260 Arab films 152 appeals to 169, 220, 239, 256, 381, 394 Auschwitz 323 Araki, Gregg 317 art house 89 Austen, Jane 176, 177, 178 Arau, Alfonso 356 attention focused on 225 Australia 2, 4, 65 Arbeláez, Ramiro 366n(12) black 393 horror films 204, 206, 234, 240, 246, 250 archetypes 40, 105n, 215, 272, 392 bolder steps to shock 218 road movies 294, 307, 317, 318, 333 pre-existing 207 brash young talents and the new 309 wedding films 127, 139–40, 155, 189 Argentina 344, 348 broader outlines of character and story Austrians 49, 209 co-production 390 recognizable to 36 auteurs 82, 103, 164, 312, 321, 346, 380, 393 dance of choice in 343 change in setting brings the story closer artistic aspirations of 38 Dirty War (1976–83) 340, 349, 350 to 184 independent-minded 3, 28 drive for ideologically committed political common denominator that speaks to all 90 industrial 355 cinema 352 courting 89 influential 300 DVD distributors 4 cult 68 Automobile Accident, The (1901) 303 films of liberation 347 diaspora 176 avant-garde film 18, 211, 218, 346, 393 independent-minded directors 356 distinction between spectators and Avenging Conscience, The (1914) 218 road movies 294, 329, 333, 332, 341, 357, 19, 403 Awaara (1951) 115, 161, 163, 166, 167, 191 358, 361, 365 encouraged to make connections to Aztecs 336 Third Cinema 18 current events 229 see also Alfonsín; Borges; Buenos Aires; expectations of 273, 384(Q1) B-movie aesthetics 273 Getino; INCAA; Mar del Plata; fact-based ethnographic research about 20 Baaz, Maria Eriksson 334n(18) Patagonia; Santaolalla; Solanas; tangos female 154 Babel (2006) 355 Argento, Dario 229, 249, 274, 276, 277–81, 289 foreign 33, 34, 87 Bachchan, Amitabh 113, 114, 165, 167, 169, 175 Argento, Salvatore 278 general 256, 344 Bachmann, Gideon 375, 377 Aristotle 168 genre that aims to horrify 37 Back to the Future (1985) 233, 313, 316, 331 Arizona 306, 370 global 151, 361 Bad Day at Black Rock (1955) 103 Arnaz, Desi 298, 307 impact of subgenre on 57 Badham, John 213, 249 Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station, The international 178, 195(Q4) Badlands (1973) 308, 310, 311, 312, 319, 330 (1896) 15, 303, 304 lower-class 163 Bagdad Café (1987) 314, 316, 331

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Bahl, Mohnish 171 Belton, John 41nn(3–4) blaxploitation films 231, 393 Bail, Charles 312 Bemberg, María Luisa 349 Bledel, Alexis 177 Baker, Rick 235 Bend It Films 177 blockbusters 68, 83 Balfour, Ian 41n(17) Bend It Like Beckham (2002) 97, 176, 178 epic 328 Bali 305 Benedek, Laslo 330 escapist franchises 233 Balint, Eszter 315 Benegal, Dev 326 blocking 111, 393 Balkans 221 Bengal 164 Blood: The Last Vampire (2000) 266 Ball, Anna 201n(2) Benjamin, Walter 19 Blood of the Beasts, The (1948) 226 Ball, Lucille 298, 307 Bennett, Joan 276, 277 Blood of the Condor (1969) 339, 353 Bambara people 325 Beowulf (2007) 39 Blue Angel, The (1930) 33 Bambi (1942) 264 Berges, Paul Mayeda 177 Blue Lobster, The (1954) 352 Bancho Sarayashiki (folk tale) 288 Bergman, Ingmar 300, 310, 330 body horror 208, 209 Bangalore 116 Berkeley, Busby 95 extravagant instances of 231 Bangkok Dangerous (2008) 243 Berlin 5 paranoiac vision of 235 Bangladesh 79, 159, 165 fall of the Wall (1989) 23, 232 terrifying vision of 266 Banzer, Hugo 339, 341 Bermuda 336 Body Snatcher, The (1957) 226 Barbie Nation: An Unauthorized Tour Bermúdez Barrios, Nayibe 366n(20) Bodyguard (1961) see Yojimbo (1998) 131 Bernstein, Elmer 104 Boetticher, Budd 382–3 Barcelona 66, 241 Bernstein, Walter 100 Bogart, Humphrey 297, 305–6, 381, 383 Barefoot Gen (1983) 259 Bertolucci, Bernardo 278 Bogdanovich, Peter 225 Barjatya, Sooraj R. 155, 162, 173, 175 best boy role 7, 393 Bohsie, Asha 169 Barnard, Timothy 366n(15) Betsy’s Wedding (1990) 155 Bolivia 335, 339, 341, 353–4, 387 Baron, Caroline 189 Better Tomorrow, A (1986) 68 films of liberation 347 Barren Lives (1963) 347 Beyond Re-Animator (2003) 241 Bollywood 28, 171–5, 176, 326, 327 Barreto, Bruno 348 Beyond the Road (2010) 365 colorful spectacle 178 Barro, João de 338 BFI (British Film Institute) 110, 123n(1), directors 160, 189 Barrymore, Drew 317 179n(3), 372, 373n(7) distinctive character 170 Bartók, Béla 315 Bhaduri, Jaya 113, 116 frequent references to 67 Basehart, Richard 374, 375, 376 Bhajans 169 global 179 Batista, Fulgencio 350 Bhaskar, Ira 179n(6) Hollywood and 177 Battle Angel (1993) 266 Bhubaneswar 188 lyrics learned by heart from latest feature 23 Battle Creek Brawl (1980) 66, 73 Bhutan 327 native aesthetics 167–8 Battle of Chile, The (1975–1980) 340, 354 Bicycle Thieves (1948) 18, 170, 323, 377 producers 160 Battle Royale (2000) 243 Bielinsky, Fabián 355 proliferation of inexpensively made battle scenes Big Boss, The (1971) 64, 73, 76–7n(15), 120 videos that nearly rivals 246 climactic 70 Big Road, The (1934) 80, 84 song and dance 114, 116, 117(Q5), 160, fierce 108 Billy the Kid vs. Dracula (1966) 213 169, 190, 191, 236 Battleship Potemkin (1925) 16, 17 Bird with the Crystal Plumage, The (1970) 278 Bologna 322 Baumbach, Noah 139, 156 Birds, The (1963) 231 Bombay 170 Bava, Mario 229, 277 Black Cannon Incident, The (1986) 81 see also Mumbai Bayona, J.A. 242, 250 black comedy 129 Bombay Talkies (studio) 163 Beast from 20,000 Fathoms, The (1953) 223 and dysfunctional families 138–42 Bond films 88–9 Beatty, Warren 298, 308, 311 political 238 spoof on 67 Beauregard, Georges de 381 semi-neorealist 314 Bondanella, Peter 378nn(1–3) Behind the Sun (2001) 389 Black God, White Devil (1964) 347 Bong Joon-ho 245 Beijing 58, 63, 79, 89, 95 Black Market (1956) 167 Bonjour Tristesse (1958) 381 Olympics (2008) opening ceremony 5 Black Rain (1989) 369 Bonnaire, Sandrine 321 Beijing Bastards (1993) 81, 86 Black Sabbath (1963) 229 Bonnie and Clyde (1967) 273, 298, 299, 308, Beijing Bicycles (2001) 81 Black Sunday (1961) 229 309, 310, 311, 316, 319, 330, 371, 383 Beijing Film Academy 81, 85, 397 Blacula (1972) 212, 213, 231, 248 boom shots 12, 13, 393 Belgium 4, 27, 142, 198, 365 Blade Runner (1982) 369 Boone, Daniel 51 see also INSAS Blair, Linda 208 Borat (2006) 329 Belize 335, 336 Blair Witch Project, The (1999) 204, 209, Bordwell, David 64, 67, 69, 76n(14), Bellocchio, Marco 141, 156 239, 250 77nn(16, 19–21) Belmondo, Jean-Paul 300, 381 Blake, Linnie 291n(1) Borges, Jorge Luis 337, 389

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Borom Sarret (1963) 24 X-rating for horror 225 California 2, 10, 304 bossa nova 337 see also BFI see also Long Beach; Los Angeles; Botero, Fernando 337 British Broadcasting Corporation 369 Pasadena; San Francisco Boxer Rebellion (China 1900) 72 British colonialism 115 Caméflex camera 382 Boyle, Danny 162, 170, 205, 206, 250 see also Hong Kong; India; Malaysia; camera obscura 10, 393 Boys on the Side (1995) 317 Palestine; Singapore; South Africa; Sri camera operators 7, 12, 393, 403 Boyz n the Hood (1991) 41 Lanka Cameron, James 225 Branagh, Kenneth 239, 249 Brittany 323 Camila (1984) 349 Brandauer, Klaus Maria 4 Brokeback Mountain (2005) 88, 195(Q5), Campbell, Joseph 39–40, 41, 92–3, 98, 144, Brando, Marlon 303, 307, 311 196n(2) 299, 399 Brasilia 346 Bronson, Charles 100, 101, 104, 318 Canada 4, 27, 33, 127, 177, 184, 189, 235 Brasseur, Pierre 381 Brooks, Mel 213 box office revenue for US films 5 Braudy, Leo 76n(3) Brotherhood of the Wolf (2001) 242 horror films 204, 249, 284, 291(Q2) Brave Heart Will Take the Bride see DDLJ Browning, Tod 211, 212, 247 road movies 336 Brazil 3, 335, 344, 390 Brundson, Charlotte 19 Canavese, Peter 369 directors 347, 387, 390 Brutal Gang (1933) 346 Cancún 360 drive for ideologically committed political Brynner, Yul 46, 47, 100, 101, 104 Candy, John 313 cinema 352 Bucharest 321 Cangaceiro (1953) 346 DVD distributors 4 Buchholz, Horst 100, 101, 104 Cannes Film Festival 5, 89, 189, 200, 246 horror films 229, 238, 278 Bucket of Blood, A (1959) 225 Cannibal Man, The (1974) 241 military coup (1964) 339, 341 Budapest 4 Cannonball Run, The (1981) 66, 312, 331 official language of 336 Buddhism 58, 214, 256, 263, 266 Cannonball Run II (1984) 312 production companies 346 cautionary tales 224 Cantinflas, Mario 344 response to barrage of foreign films 346 Tibetan 327 Cantonese language 57, 67, 72, 84, 119, 120, road movies 24, 294, 329, 331–3, 338, 340, Buenos Aires 335, 342, 357, 358, 387 179, 214, 225 342, 356–7, 358, 359, 360, 361, 365 expressing longing for life in 349 strong comeback 82 see also bossa nova; chanchada; Cinema Bumiller, Elisabeth 191nn(1–2) Cantor, Joanne 251n(4) Novo; Collor; Embrafilme; Goulart; Bunraku drama 259, 260 Cape Town 134 Luxardo; Rio de Janeiro; Rocha; Salles Buñuel, Luis 18, 218, 338, 344, 352–3, 404 Capote (2005) 189 Breathless (1960) 18, 300, 301, 312, 330, 379, Burkina Faso 24, 325, 332 Capra, Frank 146, 305, 329 380–5 Burma see Myanmar Capricious Young Man (1936) 52, 73 Brenhouse, Hillary 180n(12) Burnam, R.D. 116 Caribbean islands 221, 336, 357 Brest, Martin 331 Burning of the Red Lotus Temple (1928) 44, 56, merengue 337 Bride and Prejudice (2004) 126, 156, 172, 57, 75, 84 see also Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti; 176–7, 178, 179 Burr, Raymond 262 Puerto Rico; Trinidad Bride of Chucky (1998) 239 Burton, Tim 218 carnivalesque mode 195, 265, 393 Bride of Frankenstein (1935) 219, 220, 248 Buscombe, Edward 41n(14) Carpenter, John 229, 231–2, 249, 270, 271–5, 280 Bride Wars (2009) 130, 131, 136, 137, 145, Bush, George (Snr) 315 Carradine, David 54, 120 146, 147, 154, 156 Bushido code 52, 54, 109, 261, 393 Carrera, Carlos 356 Brides of Dracula, The (1960) 213 strict 51, 256, 402 Carreras, James 225 Brightness (1987) 331 Buud Yam (1997) 325 Carrie (1976) 210 Britain 3, 4, 27, 28, 89, 174, 341, 390 Bye Bye Brazil (1980) 348, 358, 359 cartoons 259, 313 box office records broken 176 Byrds, The 298 Castelli, Jean 89, 90 conservatism (1980s) 232 Castle, Nick 273, 274 co-production 349 cabarateras 345 Castle, William 225, 229, 248 horror films 204, 212, 214, 220, 225, Cabinet of Dr Caligari, The 18, 217, 218, Castle in the Sky (1986) 259 227–9, 231, 241, 247, 248–51 220, 247 Castle of Otranto, The (Walpole) 215, 285 Indians living in 175 Cablevision 185 Castle Rock Entertainment 185 international cooperation between US Caetano, Israel Adrián 356 Castro, Fidel 23, 339, 350, 351, 352, 387 and 26 Cage, Nicolas 313 Cat o’ Nine Tails, The (1971) 278 literary heritage 225 Cagney, James 383 Cat People (1942) 221, 222, 248 road movies 329, 331–2, 380, 390 Cahiers du Cinéma (journal) 380, 382–3, Category III films 238 sci-fi movies 262 384n(2) Catholic Church 280, 285, 336, 356 wedding films 126, 155, 156, 177 Calabria 323 Cavalcanti, Alberto 346 Westerns 74 Calcutta 159, 160, 163, 188 Cave of the Spider-Spirit, The (1927) 57

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Cecilia (1982) 351, 352 Chiang Kai-shek 80, 81, 84, 225 business of 2–6 Celebration (1998) 324 chiaroscuro 92, 388 globalization of 26 celluloid film 8, 393, 398 Chicago 5, 184, 218 Islamized 25 limitations of 11 Child’s Play (1988) 235 multinational 26, 177 undeveloped 397 Children of Desired Sex (1987) 188, 191(Q1) social side of 18–20 censorship 116, 117(Q3), 161, 188, 218, 349 Children of Men (2006) 355 technology of 6–11 classifying films for different age groups Chile 335, 345, 387, 388–9, 390 see also art cinema; global cinema; instead of 229 see also Allende; Guzmán; Patagonia; mainstream cinema festivals offer alternatives to 5 Pinochet; Santiago Cinema City Studio 67, 68 government 166, 244 China 12, 44, 79, 80–99, 120, 159, 160, 294, 333 Cinema Law (Colombia 2003) 353 local 103, 104(Q4) cannibalistic practices 238 Cinema Novo 18, 24, 339, 346, 393 military 107, 259 Communist Revolution 56 one of the pioneers of 358 protectionism and 81 earthquakes 240 opening a new direction for 347 state 81 economic growth/reform 23–4, 234, 238 surrealistic moments in 359 way for the industry to avoid 401 horror films 206, 243, 254, 255 cinéma vérité 139, 190, 389, 394 Central America 336, 341, 354 images of feudal past 58 CinemaScope 3, 11, 103, 394 see also Belize; El Salvador; Guatemala; Japan’s military victories against 256 cinematic style 29, 68, 70, 71, 127, 153, 323, Nicaragua; Panama language and identity in a global culture 86–7 328, 384(Q6), 397 Central Asia 26 martial arts films 39, 56, 80 native 365 see also Kazakhstan new moderating leadership 230 Cinématographe 2 Central Station (1998) 329, 336, 359, 360, 389 pilgrimage to India 302 cinematographers 7, 12–13, 29, 30, 32, 89, CGI (Computer-Generated Imagery) 11, political power 23–4 116, 177, 189, 274, 344, 345, 370, 389, 394, 401 ranked among world’s top three movie 394, 397 Chabrol, Claude 380 makers 179 fluid camerawork by 298 Chadha, Gurinder 156, 176, 177, 178 scaring audiences in 235–6 inspired imagery of 310 Chan, Jackie 63, 65–7, 71, 73, 82, 83, 85, 88, shift to independent companies 233 Cinerama 3, 11, 312, 394 123(Q3–Q4) superstitious tales/supernatural fears 58, Cissé, Souleymane 23, 325, 331 feats of kinetic engineering 69 214, 225, 237 Citizen Kane (1941) 7–8, 8–9, 12, 13, 14, 30, first big kung fu film 89 Warring States period 62 31–2, 33 playful fighting style 237 wedding rituals 153 City of God (2002) 24, 341, 355 Chan Kong Sang see Chan (Jackie) see also Beijing; Chiang Kai-shek; City of God (2011) 355 Chanan, Michael 350–1, 366n(8–9;11) Confucianism; Fifth Generation; City of Sadness (1989) 82 chanbara 51 Foshan; Guangzhou; Hong Kong; Lee Claire’s Knee (1970) 324 chanchada 338, 343, 346 (Ang); Li; Macau; Mao; Ming dynasty; clapboard 7 Chandragupta 165 Shanghai; Sino-Japanese War; Taiwan; classical Hollywood style 16, 163, Chaney, Lon 219 wushia; Yunnan; Zhang Yimou 260, 288, 383 Chang Cheh 58, 75 Chinatowns (North America) 63, 68 hallmark of 394 Chang Chen 88, 91 Chinese Americans 63, 83, 98, 193 Clayton, Jack 228, 248 Chang Yao Chung 118 Chinese Ghost Story, A (1987) 204, 237–8, 249 Cleveland 315 Changeling, The (1980) 249, 289 Ching Siu-tung 237, 249 Clinton, Bill 316 Chaos (2000) 290 Chocolate (1988) 243 close-ups 12, 15, 16, 46, 70, 95, 96, 102, Chaplin, Charles 50, 66, 115, 163, 169, 170 Choi, Jinhee 252n(27), 268n(4) 278–9, 290, 342, 363, 394 Chapman, James 41n(7) Chomet, Sylvain 4 abrupt match cut to 32 character development 6, 61, 405 Chopin, Frédéric 383 aggressive 355 charango guitar 390 Chopra, Aditya 162, 175 bewildering momentum of 228 Charlotte et son Jules (1960) 381 Chopra, Anupama 114, 117n edgy 139 Chaucer, Geoffrey 301 Chopra, Deepak 177 extreme 13, 50, 308 Chekhov, Anton 135, 188 Chow, Raymond 67, 118, 120 frequent 153, 173, 190 Chen Kaige 81, 85 Chow, Stephen 68, 86 intense 357 Cheng Pei-Pei 58, 59, 88, 90 Chow Yun-Fat 55, 88, 89, 90 long shots alternating with 50, 153, 173 Chengde 79, 89 Chuquicamata 388–9 long takes uninterrupted by 260 Cherokees 51 Chushingura (1962) 52, 53, 74 reaction caught in 34 Chesak, Laura 366n(12) CIA (US Central Intelligence Agency) 353 spectacular panorama shots alternate Cheung, Leslie 237 cinema with 311 Chiang, David 214 art of 12–18, 98 sudden 278

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telephoto lens 404 acrobatic 50 international 49 tight 295 adolescent 231 multinational 72 travel 336, 388 blaxploitation 231 paving the way for cross-national zoom shot to long shot 405 broad 137 cooperation and 23 Closed Door, The (1990) 236 cross-country racing 296, 312–15, 329 pioneering 67 Clouse, Robert 64, 73, 122 dark 244, 313 Corbett, John 184 Clouzot, Henri-Georges 300, 301, 310, 330 direct-to-cable 184 Cordoso, Patricia 353 Clover, Carol 252n(25), 272, 275n(5) Elizabethan 134 Corman, Roger 225, 226, 229, 248, 307, 308, Cobb, Lee J. 54 exploiting the conventions of 50 309, 330 Coburn, James 46, 100, 101, 104 horror 213, 214, 238 cosmopolitanism 25, 28, 63, 175, 189, 266, 288 Coen, Ethan 313 kung-fu 65–6, 67 Costner, Kevin 48, 75 Coen, Joel 313, 331 light 139, 145 Country Wedding (2008) 156 Cohan, Steven 305, 333n(1, 3, 10) lighthearted 133, 296 Coutard, Raoul 382 Cohen, Herman 225–6, 229 literary 178 Cowboys and Aliens (2011) 398 Cohen, Larry 231 messages about family and tradition Crain, William 212, 248 Cohen, Marshall 76n(3) through 185(Q2) crane shots 17, 393 Colbert, Claudette 297–8, 304, 305 musical 351, 384 see also boom shots Cold Fever (1995) 328 ranch 338, 343 Crane-Iron Pentalogy (1938–1942) 92 Cold War (1945–1990) 20, 21–2, 23, 53, 228, 341 screwball 97, 154, 311, 369–70, 402 Craven, Wes 230, 233, 239, 249 creature features and 222–6 sex 136, 138 Creed, Barbara 234, 252n(24) effectively ending 232, 238 tango 338, 343 Cria! (1976) 241, 283 nuclear power and its role in 262 teen 137, 138 Crime of Father Amaro, The (2002) 356 replaced with a new form travel 305, 307 Cripple Creek Bar-Room (1899) 47 of combat 240 war 128 Cronenberg, David 218, 231, 235, 249, 289 showing signs of thawing 230 see also black comedy; romantic comedy; Cronos (1993) 204, 249, 285 collaborative authorship 29 slapstick Crosby, Bing 297, 305, 359 multicultural 89 Complete History of the Revolution (1910– cross-cutting 370, 394, 400 see also scripts (collaborative) 1915) 342 perfected 15 Collins, Ava Preacher 373n(2) Concord Production Company 64 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) 33, 44, Collins, Jim 373n(2) Confucianism 97–8, 195, 256, 261 55, 58, 59, 66, 76, 86, 87, 88, 89–90, Collor de Mello, Fernando 347–8 Congo 387 91–4, 95–8, 195 Colombia Connecticut 88 Cruise, Tom 313 horror films 204, 249 Connery, Sean 4 Cuarón, Alfonso 25, 332, 341, 345, 354–5, international prestige 355 Conservative Party (UK) 232 360, 361 road movies 294, 329, 333, 335, 338, 340, Constant Gardener, The (2005) 25 Cuba 294, 332, 335, 338, 354, 356, 361–2, 365 341, 352–3, 356, 361, 362–3, 365, 387 Constantine, Michael 184 drive for ideologically committed political violent history 364 Constructivist drawings 337 cinema 352 see also FOCINE continuity editing 357, 394 First International Festival of New Latin colonialism 87, 337, 394, 404 breaking the rules of 380 American Cinema (1979) 340 after-effects of 27 master shot 399 Missile Crisis (1962) 339, 350 British, hilarious lampoon of 115 mastery of 16 Revolution (1959) 339, 344, 350, 387 camera as gun, aiming at 347 see also narrative continuity Third World Film School 351 European, legacy of 336 Cooder, Ry 314 see also Batista; Castro; Díaz Torres; see also British colonialism; Coogan’s Bluff (1968) 54, 75 Guevara; Gutiérrez Alea; Solás; Tabío postcolonialism Coontz, Stephanie 316 Cuban Americans 188 Columbia Pictures 2, 6, 106 Cooper, Brenda 373nn(1, 6) Cukor, George 146 Columbine High School massacre (1999) 239 Cooper, Gary 48, 58 Cultural Revolution (China 1966–76) 60, 81, Columbus, Christopher 336, 350 Cooper, James Fenimore 47 85, 397 Comanche Indians 49 Coppola, Francis Ford 107, 225, 239, 249, Cundey, Dean 274 Come Drink With Me (1966) 44, 56, 58, 59, 66, 309, 310 Cunningham, Sean 233, 249 75, 85, 96 co-productions 4, 64, 68, 87, 121, 177, 241, Cup Final (1992) 142 comedy 17, 37, 82, 93, 110, 182, 194, 195, 328, 349, 352, 390 curry Westerns 50, 165 236, 245, 259, 274, 317, 346, 349, 356, Chinese-Japanese 328 first 114 358, 375 exoticizing impulses of 347 Curse of Frankenstein, The (1957) 225 absurdist 323, 362 government agency encouraging 355 Curse of the Golden Flower (2006) 68, 76, 328

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Curtis, Jamie Lee 234, 270, 273, 274 deep-focus photography 30, 31–2, 109 diaspora 153, 395, 188, 246 Cushing, Peter 214, 225, 273 Deep Red (1975) 278 Chinese 63, 82, 83, 88 cut-ins 15, 395, 398 Deewaar (1975) 165, 167 Indian 160, 175–6, 189, 191(Q6) cutaways 15–16, 260, 394, 396 Delaney, Diane Meier 146, 157n(7) Diaz, Cameron 137 cuts see assembly cut; director’s cut; fine cut Deleuze, Gilles 321 Díaz López, Marina 366n(13) Cuzco 389 Delhi 159, 189, 190, 191(Q5) Díaz Torres, Daniel 351 cyborgs 263, 266 see also New Delhi DiCillo, Tom 314–15 cycles 38, 154, 209, 215, 247 Delhi University 188 diegetic sound 15, 395 important, political black comedies 238 del Rio, Dolores 344 Diegues, Carlos 366n(7), 347, 348, 358, 359 kung fu 72 Demme, Jonathan 156, 225, 239 digital information 11 seasonal 151 Denis, Claire 243 Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayeng (1995) 162, 175 successful horror-comedy 214 Denmark 156, 211, 212, 324, 396 Dim Sum: A Little Bit of Heart (1984) 83 Czech Republic 5, 23, 294, 323, 333 Deol, Dharmendra 113, 114 Diogenes 28 Czechoslovakia 3, 4, 23, 323 depth of field 395, 404, 405 directors 14, 29, 32, 45, 129, 131, 138, 194, shallower 12 200(Q1), 213, 215, 220, 274, 286(Q3), Daguerre, Louis 10, 395 Deruddere, Dominique 140, 141, 156 312, 315, 319, 354, 365 Daguerreotype 395 desaparecidos 350 A-level 225 Dahlman, Carl T. 41n(13) Desser, David 52–3, 76nn(8–9), 111–12(Q2) African 50, 325 Daiei Studio 257, 259 Detour (1945) 299, 302, 305, 306, 330, 371 American 229, 299, 310, 343 dailies see rushes Detroit 303 Argentine 404, 347, 349, 356, 357 Dakar 152–3 development patterns 210 art film 243 Dalí, Salvador 18, 218, 404 development stages 6–7, 395 auteur 38, 82 Daljeet, Dr 179n(7) predicable 213 Bolivian 347 Dances with Wolves (1990) 48, 75 symbolic 238 Bollywood 160, 189 Danna, Mychael 187, 189 see also character development; script border-crossing 87 Dante, Joe 229, 249, 280 development Brazilian 347, 387, 390 Dante (Alighieri) 229, 277 Devil’s Backbone, The (2001) 209, 241–2, 250, British 228 Danzón (1991) 356, 360 282, 283–6 Canadian 33 Daoism 57, 62, 97–8, 214, 237 Dexter, Brad 100, 101 Chinese 5, 83, 86, 179, 195 Dark Star (1974) 273 Dhawan, Sabrina 187, 189 Chinese-American 63 Dark Water (2002) 290 dialogue 6, 19, 29, 30, 36, 37, 137, 260, Colombian 353 Dark Water (2005) 25 280(Q6), 383, 388, 395, 396, 399, 405 Cuban 347, 351, 352, 361 Das, Vasundhara 187, 189 added in post-production studio 8 Danish 211 Davis, Geena 298, 368, 369, 373n(4) automated replacement 393 diaspora 188 Davis, Ossie 319 central focus on 319 documentary 176, 346 Dawley, J. Searle 218 characters defined/revealed through 46, 261 drift toward more self-conscious Dawn of Justice, The (1927) 352 clipped 69 parody 239 Dawn of the Dead (1978) 229, 249, 280 common complaints among Chinese enabling to come from any EEC member DDLJ (Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, 1995) 162, viewers about 90 country 4 174, 175, 176 differences in culture reflected in 213 expressionism and influence on 218 De Chirico, Giorgio 279 distinction between voice-over and 15 Finnish 314 De Forest, Lee 10 dubbed later 376, 382 French 15, 18, 242, 298, 321, 324, 381, 383 De Lys, Claudia 147, 157nn(8–9) four languages 328 German 310, 314 De Niro, Robert 297 improvised day by day 382 Greek 321 De Palma, Brian 249 inauthentic 90 Hollywood 47, 103, 104(Q5), 298, 317, De Quincey, Thomas 277 intertitle cards 33 384(Q3) De Sica, Vittorio 18, 170, 299, 323, 377 keeping track during shooting 7, 394 Hong Kong 65, 67, 68 Dead Alive (1992) 239 mixing English phrases with Hindi 169 Icelandic 328 Deadly Bees, The (1966) 231 more attention to visual qualities and independent-minded 356 Dean, James 165, 311 music than to 50 Indian 116, 163, 169, 170, 175, 176–7, 326 Dear Diary (1993) 322 no need for 96 internationally recognized 260 Death at Dawn (1977) 353 out-of-sync 301 Iranian 25, 326 Death of a Bureaucrat (1966) 351 overlapping 139 Italian 18, 141, 278, 280, 322, 323, 375–6, 377 Decugis, Cécile 382 standard method for shooting 402 Japanese 50, 51, 107, 108, 224, 259–62, 328 Deep Crimson (1996) 356 textual versions of 404 major influence on 277

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Mexican 241, 242, 283, 285, 343, 344, 345, 355 Downey, Robert 320 see also China; Hong Kong; Japan; Korea; neorealist 375 Downey, Wallace 338 Macau; Taiwan new generation of 309, 345, 349 DPs (directors of photography) see East Germany 310 New Wave 298, 324 cinematographers old state-owned DEFA facilities 23 Palestinian 143 Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1908, 1931, 1941) 210, East India Company 165 Polish 141 218, 220, 247 East Jerusalem 201 political agendas of 166 Dr Jekyll and Sister Hyde (1972) 231 Eastern Europe 151, 232, 314 postmodern 316 Dr Lamb (1992) 238 Soviet Bloc countries 23 resourceful 352 Dr Phibes Rises Again (1972) 231 Eastmancolor 10 rushes viewed next day by 395 Drabo, Adama 246 Eastwood, Clint 45, 48, 50, 75, 123(Q5) Russian 343 Dracul (chivalric Order of the Easy Rider (1969) 294, 296, 308, 309, 310, 312, Sixth Generation 81 Dragon) 214 315, 316, 329, 330, 387 socially conscious 164 Dracula (1931) 33, 209, 211, 212, 213, 219, classical blueprint exemplified by 371 Soviet 399 247, 251n(10) comparing Motorcycle Diaries to specialists working in consultation with 396 Dracula (1979) 213, 249 390(Q7) Swedish 300 Dracula (1992) 239, 249 exemplar of the road movie 295, 296–8 TV 182 Dracula: Dead and Loving It (1995) 213 grand myth of the open road celebrated Western 289, 306, 382–3 Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966) 213 in 321 see also assistant directors; Dracula Has Risen From the Grave (1968) 212, hallucinatory drug montage 359 cinematographers 213, 248 homage to its Western origins 306 Dirty Dozen, The (1967) 101 Dracula’s Daughter (1936) 213, 219 imagery always close at hand 388 discourse 12, 337, 395 Dragon Gate Inn (1966) 59, 75 line of motorcycle movies leading up to feminist 144 Dream House (2009) 234 and beyond 307 Disney 264, 279 Dreyer, Carl Theodor 211, 212, 247 literary path to 301–3 Dissanayake, Wimal 117(Q7) drug cartels 352 Eat Drink Man Woman (1994) 86, 88, 193 dissolve effect 8, 12, 132, 370, 395, 400, 404 Drunken Master (1978) 44, 66, 69–70, 71, 73 eco-horror 231 auditory equivalent of 402 Drunken Master II (1994) 83 economic development 243 lap 109 dubbing 8, 33, 50, 118, 163, 226, 233, 276, Ecuador 333, 335, 361, 363–4 distribution 2, 5, 26, 87, 185, 267, 304, 365, 405 278, 376, 382, 383, 396 see also Quito control of 351, 403 Dubey, Neha 189 Edison, Thomas 2, 10, 15, 218, 342, 398 decisions about 129 Duellists, The (1977) 369 Edison Trust 3 East Asian hub for 82 Dumplings (2004) 238 editor’s cut see assembly cut foreign, in emerging markets 160 Dunaway, Faye 298, 308 editors 7, 8, 29, 69, 70, 273, 379, 382, 393, international 241 Dutt, Guru 161, 163, 169, 191 395, 396, 402 more flexible approach to 67 Dutt, Nargis 116, 163, 169 story 89 new trends in 4 Dutton, Charles 319 Edo Japan (1603–1867) 51, 52, 54, 55, 256, process of making a movie that precedes 401 Duvall, Shelley 235 257, 263, 264, 288 studios became involved in 3 DVDs (digital video disks) 4, 5, 28, 81, 103, Edson, Richard 315 sums needed for advertising and 4 136, 157n(11), 176, 180n(11), 184, EEC (European Economic Community) 4 supported by central government agency 348 186n(1), 191, 194, 196n(1), 251n(10), Egoyan, Atom 33, 41n(17) transnational 355 275n(6), 281n(1), 286n(2), 323, 333n(5), Egypt 143, 200, 301 distributors 37, 200, 243, 395 334n(14), 366n(14), 369, 373nn(3–4), Eisenstein, Sergei 16, 17, 23, 338, 343, 399 DVD 4 384nn(5–7), 396, 404 El colombian dream (2005) 356 moveable shopping mall for 5 chapter format of 267 El Norte (1983) 354 Divecha, Dwarka 113, 116 distributing potential of new El Salvador 240, 335, 354 Django Unchained (2012) 44, 75 technologies 243 see also San Salvador Do the Right Thing (1989) 70 new titles sold to local markets and El Santo 345 Doane, Mary Anne 19–20 diaspora 246 El Vampiro (1957) 213, 226 Dogme manifesto 324, 396 outselling prerecorded videos 11 Elena, Alberto 366n(13) dolly shots 12–13, 298, 396, 403, 404 rentals and sales 89 Elliott, Stephan 317, 331 Dominican Republic 335, 354 Dwyer, Jim 366n(16) Ellwood, Alison 302 Doña Bárbara (1943) 344 Dylan, Bob 298 Elopement, The (1907) 303 Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands (1976) 348 Elsaesser, Thomas 251n(16) Doña Herlinda and Her Son (1985) 345 Earp, Wyatt 51 Embassy Pictures 262 Double Suicide (1969) 259 East Asia 80, 82, 120, 122, 243, 400 Embrafilme 348, 355, 359

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emotional development 122 Fall of the House of Usher, The (1928) 18, 248 Fischer, Terence 225 Enevold, Jessica 373n(2) Famous Monsters of Filmland (magazine) 229 Fist, Peter 366n(15) England 4, 205, 213, 225, 303, 369 Fan Xuepeng 57 Fistful of Dollars, A (1964) 45, 49, 74, 107 Anglo-Saxon 39 Fantastic Factory, The (production unit) 241 Fists of Fury (1972) 64, 66, 76–7n(15), 120 class conflict 177 Farmer, Gary 318 Five Vengeful Girls (1928) 57 eighteenth-century 88 Farnsworth, Richard 320 flashbacks 12, 30, 60, 114, 132, 182, 184, 221, 327 fourteenth-century 301 Farrakhan, Louis 319 black and white 290, 371–2, 389 nuptial rites 127 Fate of Lee Khan, The (1973) 59, 76 childhood 320 English language connections 336 Father Knows Best (TV show) 316 events typically presented in 222 Enter the Dragon (1973) 57, 64–5, 73, 77n(15), Father of the Bride (1950/1991) 126, 127, 128, journey intercut with 318 122–3 131, 132, 133, 146, 155 Fleming, Victor 329 Epstein, Jean 18 Faust: Love of the Damned (2001) 241 Fletcher, Anne 156 Eraserhead (1977) 231 Fearless Vampire Killers, The (1967) 213 Florida 297, 315, 350 Erice, Victor 241, 248, 283 Federal Aid Highway Act (US 1925) 303 focal length 12, 405 Escher, M.C. 279 Félix, María 344 long/short 397 essentialism 19, 396 Fellini, Federico 299, 310, 330, 374, 375–8 Focillon, Henri 210, 211, 213 establishing shots 16, 396 Female Knight-Errant, The (1925) 57 FOCINE (Colombian state-funded broad 69 Female Pirate, The (1929) 57 company) 352, 355 ethnography 19, 150, 198, 396 feminism 98(Q9), 129, 144, 229, 233, 266, Foley editing 8, 397 fact-based research about audiences 20 272, 278, 372 Fonda, Henry 115 ethnoscapes 26 misrepresented 369 Fonda, Jane 137 Eurocentric bias 26 theorists 19, 397 Fonda, Peter 295, 296, 307, 308 Euro-horror 227 third-wave 20 For a Few Dollars More (1965) 49 Europe 6, 342, 354 turning point in filmmaking 316 Forbidden Planet (1956) 271 genre films 38 see also postfeminism Ford, John 51, 54, 74, 107, 165, 261, 306, 314, 329 European Union 22 femmes fatales 211, 371 foreign films 33–6, 80 exhibition 2, 37, 63, 129, 266, 304, 351, 396, Ferguson, Leon 281n(3) Brazilian response to barrage of 346 397, 403, 405 Fernández, Emilio 344, 345 Forest Gump (1994) 83 first city to host new films from other Ferreyra, José 349 formal analysis 30 countries 5 Fertile Memory (1980) 200 Foshan 70 local 343, 349 FESPACO (Pan-African Film Festival) 24 Foster, Jody 239 process of making a movie that precedes 401 Fiddler on the Roof (1971) 151, 152, 155 Four Flies on Grey Velvet (1971) 278 special efforts to appeal to women 20 Fifth Generation (China) 81, 85, 86, 397 Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) 126, 127, studios became involved in 3 fight scenes 57, 58, 69, 95, 238, 363 135, 149–50, 155 tent theatres and playhouses 160–3 rock ‘n’ roll music added to 226 Fowkes, Ben 251n(11) transnational 355 Figueroa, Gabriel 344 Fowler, Gene 248 turning TVs into hubs for movies 11 Fiji 175 Fox, James 4 Exorcist, The (1973) 208, 228, 232, 248 film festivals 25, 244 Fox, Vivica A. 54 exoticism 191n(4), 396 international 164 Fox Talbot, William Henry 10 expressionism 18, 217–18, 229, 280(Q3) see also Cannes; FESPACO; Mar del Plata; frames 13, 30, 51, 96, 102, 132, 268, 274, 278, realism abandoned for 164 Tours 349, 380, 388, 389, 395, 398, 399 see also German Expressionism film noir 221, 222, 296, 305, 309, 395, 397 darkening or lightening 396 Eye, The (2002) 243 distinctive qualities of 306 expanding 298 eye-level shots 13, 396 femmes fatales 371 meticulously composed 260 eyeline matches 16, 396 playing with conventions of 383 moved out of position 402–3 Eyes Without a Face (1960) 204, 218, 226, 227, film text 1, 29–30, 37, 129 see also freeze frames 242, 248 final scenes 201(Q7), 289 France 3, 33, 51, 189, 227, 336, 338, 344, 351, 390 Eyre, Chris 318, 332 narrative subplots resolved in 190 box office revenue for US films 5 fine cut 8, 397 budget for an art film 4 400 Blows, The (1959) 380 Finkiel, Emmanuel 323 Colonial Period 341 fade effects 8, 371, 396, 400, 404 Finland 294, 333 complex flows of Chinese talent, funding, superimposing 395 see also Kaurismäki imagery and themes 87 Fairbanks, Douglas 169, 173 Fireworks (1997) 260 co-productions 4, 89 Faithfull, Marianne 370 First Artists 312 horror films 204, 211, 218, 226, 234, 241, Falkland Islands 335, 349 First Blood (1982) 57 242, 248, 250, 277

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poetic realism 400 Gandhi, Indira 116, 162, 166, 167 Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster road movies 294, 303, 304, 321–4, 330–3, 382 Gandhi, Mohandas K. (Mahatma) 161, 165, 166 (1965) 261 see also Brittany; Cannes; Chabrol; Gandhi, Rajiv 166 Ghost in the Shell (1995) 263, 265 Daguerre; French New Wave; French Ganga Zumba (1963) 347 Ghost in the Shell 2 (2004) 260 surrealism; Godard; Lumière; New gangster films 39, 128, 209, 300, 309, 397 Ghost Story of Yotsuya, The (1959) 224, 248 French Extremity; Paris; Pathé; classical 37 Ghost Woman of the Old Mansion (1949) 225 Resnais; Rivette; Rohmer; Tours; Gans, Christophe 242 giallo films 229, 236, 240, 277, 278, 280 Truffaut; Varda Garcia Bernal, Gael 361, 389 Gibney, Alex 302 Franco, Gen. Francisco 241, 283, 340 García Espinosa, Julio 351 Gieri, Manuela 378nn(1–3) Francophone Africa 24 García Márquez, Gabriel 352 Gillies, Daniel 177 Franju, Georges 218, 226, 227, 242, 248 Gateword, Frances 252n(28) Gilmartin, Mary 41n(13) Frankenstein (1910) 218 Gatlif, Tony 321, 322 Girl Bandit (1930) 57 Frankenstein (1931) 37, 204, 209, 220, 247 Gauguin, Paul 280(Q3) global cinema 1, 67, 87, 97, 101, 365 Frankenstein (1994) 239, 249 Gautier, Eric 389 art of 98 Frankenstein and The Mummy (1932) 219 Gaviria, Víctor 352 evolution of 90, 172 Freaks (1932) 247 Gaynor, Gloria 317 inventions of 8 Fred Ott’s Sneeze (1894) 15 Gaza Strip 198, 200 Japanese films among the most engaging Freddy vs. Jason (2003) 240 gendai-geki 52 topics of 268 Freeman, Morgan 48 Genji Japan 107 globalism 17, 24, 25, 27, 28, 94, 172, 343, 398 freeze frames 115, 371, 397 genres, evolution of 37–8, 48, 52, 57, 67, commercially oriented 352 Freiburg 277 154, 210–11, 310, 315–16 cultural implications of 26 French New Wave 18, 25, 27, 298, 299, 301, genrification 38 reflecting the broad trend toward 20 309, 347, 377, 397 Gere, Richard 135 road movie and 354–65 cinematographer admirer of 389 German Expressionism 27, 170, 218, 220, globalization 3, 25, 26, 39, 57, 356, 365, 390, film widely studied as manifesto of the 247, 288, 384(Q6), 396 398, 405 style 383 adapting 346 new era of 348 hallmarks of 382 borrowings from 222 rise of 341–2 one of the original directors 324 distorted aesthetics of 217 Go (Chinese board game) 61 origins and influence of 384(Q5) Germany 3, 4, 33, 44, 49, 72, 126, 169, 189, Gobi Desert 89 rising crest of 380 200, 377 Goblin (rock band) 279 subjects, stories, themes, and cinematic divided after World War II 23 Godard, Jean-Luc 18, 299, 300–1, 309, 310, styles 384(Q6) DVD distributors 4 314, 321, 330, 379, 380–5 French surrealism 218, 226, 247, 288 horror films 204, 206, 211, 212, 213, 217, Goddess, The 80–1 Freud, Sigmund 19, 40, 207, 215, 218, 221, 218, 220, 227, 229, 247, 277 Godfather, The (1972) 41, 128 222, 272, 362, 397, 401 Nazi 154, 221, 227, 280, 323 Godzilla (1954) 204, 223, 224, 248, 255, 258, Freund, Karl 247 road movies 314, 321 259, 261, 262 Frida, Still Life (1986) 345 Tri-Ergon Process 10 gofers 7, 398 Friday the 13th (1980) 233, 234, 249, 274, 289 see also Adlon; Berlin; Deruddere; Gold Circle Films 184, 186n(1) Fridriksson, Fridrik 328 Dreyer; East Germany; German Goldberg, Whoopi 317 Friedkin, William 248 Expressionism; Koenigsplatz; Murnau; Golden Harvest Studio 64, 66, 67, 68, 82, 85, Frontier, The (1991) 356 New German Cinema; Reini; Wenders; 118, 120, 121, 122 Frye, Northrop 40 Wiene Golem, The (1920) 217 Fuentes, Fernando de 343 Germi, Pietro 377 Gone with the Wind (1939) 346 Fuest, Robert 249 gestures 14, 108, 115, 178, 310, 383, 404 González Iñárritu, Alejandro 340, 345, 354, 355 Fugitive, The (1993) 69, 83 characters defined/revealed through 46, 261 Good, the Bad and the Ugly, The (1966) 44, 49, 75 Fulci, Lucio 229 exaggerated 217 Good, the Bad, the Weird, The (2008) 44, 50, 75 full shots 13, 397 free-wheeling 381 Good Men, Good Women (1995) 82 goodwill 198 Good Morning (1959) 259 Gable, Clark 297–8, 304 obscene 370 Good Neighbor Policy (US 1930s) 3, 338, Gabler, Neal 2, 41n(1) stylized 220, 264 341, 343 Gadjo Dilo (1997) 321–2 symbolic 295 Good Work (1999) 243 gaffers 7, 397 Get on the Bus (1996) 294, 316, 319, 332 Gordon, Stuart 249 Gallaher, Carolyn 41n(13) Getino, Octavio 24, 339, 349, 366n(8), 404 Gothic literature/films 216, 234, 239, 240, Game of Death (1973) 122 Ghana 23, 28, 155 241, 247, 285 Ganatra, Nitin Chandra 177 Ghatak, Ritwik 162, 163–5, 166 Goulart, João 341, 346, 347

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Gowariker, Ashutosh 162 Hall, Stuart 19 cannibalism a popular motif in 238 Goya, Francisco 242, 284 Halloween (1978) 204, 231–2, 233, 234, 249, Hills Have Eyes, The (1977) 210, 230, 231, 235, Gramsci, Antonio 28 270, 271–5, 279, 289 238, 249 Granado, Alberto 387, 388, 389, 390(Q1) Hammer Studios 26, 213, 214, 225, 227, 228, Himalayas 327 Grand Canyon 370 229, 231, 237 Hinds, Anthony 225 Grand Guignol 206, 229, 238, 242, 247 Han Dynasty 68 Hinds, William 225 see also Théâtre du Grand Guignol hand-held cameras 188, 190, 309, 319, 358, Hindustani(s) 160, 175 Grand Illusion (1937) 383, 394 Hiroki, Ryuichi 328 Grant, Barry Keith 251n(5), 275n(1) shaky, tracking shot 232 Hiroshima 216, 223, 224, 257, 265, 289 Grant, Hugh 135 shooting on location with 324 Hispanics 65, 177, 343 Grapes of Wrath (1940) 302, 304, 329 hand-held devices 28, 29 historical development 255 Grave of the Fireflies (1988) 259 Handsome Serge, The (1958) 380 Hitchcock, Alfred 218, 226, 228, 230, 231, Grease (1978) 178 Haneke, Michael 242 240, 248, 273, 329, 330 Great Depression (1930s) 220, 298, 304, 308, Hanks, Tom 181, 184 Hite, Shere 316 309, 348, 376 Hara Kiri: Death of a Samurai (2011) 76 Hitler, Adolf 115, 280 Great Dictator, The (1940) 115 Harakiri (1962) 44, 53, 74 Ho, Leonard 67 Great Escape, The (1963) 103 Haraway, Donna 266, 268n(3) Ho Chi Minh 347 Great Kanto earthquake (Japan 1923) 257 Hard-Boiled (1992) 243 Hoffman, Dustin 297, 313 Great Train Robbery, The (1903) 15, 47, 74 Hardwicke, Catherine 212, 250 Hogan, P.J. 138, 139, 155 Great Woman, The (1929) 57 Hare Rama Hare Krishna (1971) 165 Holi festival 169 Greek Orthodox Church 183 Hark, Ina Rae 333n(1, 3, 10) Holland 351 see also My Big Fat Greek Wedding Harper, Jessica 276, 277 Hollywood 23, 26, 37, 66, 72, 89, 93, 97, 119, Green Hornet, The (ABC TV show) 119 Harrelson, Woody 319 122, 139, 160, 166, 182, 184, 186, 188, Grey Automobile, The (1919) 342 Harry Potter movies 11, 25, 39, 354 211, 285, 319, 359, 369, 381, 384n(3) Griffith, D.W. 15–16, 218 Hart, William S. 50 antithesis of 323 Grimes, Ronald 150–1, 157n(10) Harvard 188 artists who emigrated to (1930s/1940s) grips 7, 398 Hathaway, Anne 136, 139 218–19 Grodin, Charles 297 Havana 351, 389 assembly-line methods 303 Guangzhou 79, 89 Hawks, Howard 273 big studios as parts of conglomerates 5–6 Guantanamera (1995) 294, 332, 336, 352, Hawn, Goldie 310 Bollywood and 177 361–2, 365 HBO (Home Box Office) 184, 185, 186n(1), 353 borrowings from 309, 342 Guard, Charles 245 HDTV (high-definition television) 398 challenges of television 259 Guatemala 183, 335, 341, 354, 387 Hearn, Lafcadio 262 chase scenes and special effects 246 Guattari, Félix 321 Heaton, Louis 105n(2) cinema free of influence of 244 Guernica 284 Heigl, Katherine 147–9 continuity editing 16, 357, 394, 399 Guerra, Ciro 356, 362, 363, 364, 366n(18) Hell Without Limits (1977) 345 co-production with Hong Kong 64, 67 Gueuns, Jean-Pierre 41n(8) Hellboy franchise 285 cost of average feature 4 Guevara, Alfredo 351 Hellman, Monte 314, 330 created 2 Guevara de la Serna, Ernesto (Che) 339, 347, Henderson, Martin 177, 290 credible characters 357 353, 386, 387–91 Hendrix, Jimi 298 critics of 28 Guinea 325 Hepworth, Cecil 303 cutting 69 Gumball Rally (1976) 312 Hermida, Tania 363 decline of big studios 273 Gun Crazy (1950) 308, 319, 371 Hermosillo, Jaime Humberto 345 easier and cheaper to import movies Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957) 103, 104 Hero (2002) 33, 59–61, 62, 86–7, 328 from 343 Guns of the Magnificent Seven (1969) 104 Hidden (2005) 242 emphasis on stars and genres 3 Gutiérrez Alea, Tomás 24, 332, 339, 351, Hidden Fortress, The (1958) 107 enormous budgets 5 352, 361 high-angle shots 13, 14, 121, 398 exotic setting for productions 351 Guyana 175, 335 extreme 279 film movement opposed to 404 Guzmán, Patricio 340, 354 high-key lighting 14, 309, 398 financial resources 346 High Noon (1952) 44, 48, 58, 74 German cinema replaced by 310 HAHK (Hum Aapke Hain Koun...! 1994) 126, High Tension (2003) 234, 242–3 historical dominance of 206 151, 153, 155, 162, 171–2, 173, 174–5, Higuchinsky 291 Indians’ marked preference for 170 176, 179, 188 Hill, Lee 295 lost audience 229 Haiti 23, 240, 335, 338, 341 hillbilly horror 208, 209, 230 mainstream running out of steam 380

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major advances in color photography 10–11 co-productions 64, 67, 89 Huang Jianxin 81 media hegemony 28 cultural identity 80 Hudson, Kate 136 Motion Picture Production Code 401 directors 65, 67, 68 Hughes, John 313, 331 outsourcing and offshoring 4 exporting Cantonese opera 82 Hui, Sam 67 remakes 243, 245, 290 expression of Cantonese pride 72 Hulk (2003) 88, 195 search for new niche audiences 316 fears of being devoured by motherland Humanity and Paper Balloons (1937) 44, 52, 73 size of domestic market 5 238 Humphries, Reynold 251n(19), 272, 275n(3) star system 3, 169 film industry dominated by Shaw Hunchback of Notre Dame, The (1924) 219 stock icons 236 Brothers 120 Hung Kam-Bo, Sammo 67, 73, 212, 214, tangled plots of 134 geong si figure revived 214–15 237, 249 triumph of small-time independent horror films 204 Hungary 315 filmmaking over 185 kung fu 9, 28, 44, 62–3, 71, 72, 73, 83, 89, Hunter, Holly 313 war declared on imitations of 347 119, 237 Huston, John 107, 383 watching classical films 19 largest producer in 56 hybridity 17, 25, 36, 39, 63, 82, 128, 154, 170, see also Hollywood genres; Hollywood new generation coming of age 56–7 179, 194, 213, 215, 225, 246, 337, 342, style; studio system popular figure in martial arts films 384, 398 Hollywood genres 3, 39, 103, 300, 383 (1960s) 88 contemporary 255 action films 69 third largest film industry in the world 82 global 226 action movies 168 top movie studio in 67 unique 90, 345 blockbusters 68, 83, 233 visceral scenes 69 Hyderabad 159, 179 cross-country racing comedies 312 wuxia 44, 58, 63, 75–6 features 4 see also Cantonese language; Chan I Vitelloni (1953) 375 film noir 222 (Jackie); Chiang (David); Cinema City; I Walked with a Zombie (1943) 204, 221–2, 248 films influenced by 349 Golden Harvest; Lee (Bruce); Lo Wei; I Was a Teenage Frankenstein (1957) 225–6 horror 220, 223, 237, 239, 240, 243, 245, Shaw Brothers I Was a Teenage Werewolf (1957) 225–6, 248 247, 255, 262 Hooda, Randeep 189 Iaccino, James 272, 275n(4) light entertainment 305 Hooper, Tobe 230, 248, 249 Ibarra, Mirtha 362 melodrama 154, 317 Hope, Bob 297, 305 Ibermedia 352 nostalgia market 232–3 Hopkins, Anthony 239 ICAIC (Cuban Institute of Cinematographic patriotic showbiz movies 305 Hopper, Dennis 295, 296, 298, 299, 300, 306, Art and Industry) 351 road movies 316, 321, 329, 376 308, 309, 311, 330, 365, 388 Ice Station Zebra (1968) 103 romantic comedies 144 horror films 205–92 Ice Storm, The (1997) 88, 195 travel comedies 305, 307 see also body horror; eco-horror; Grand Iceland 127, 135, 156, 328 Westerns 47–50, 51, 54, 56, 101 Guignol; hillbilly horror; recreational ideology 18, 41, 104(Q3), 128, 155, 222, 321, 337 white wedding movies 146 horror; slasher films; stalker movies; ambiguous direction 223 Hollywood style 301, 346 techno-horror; zombie films capitalist 28 deliberate departures from 298 Horror of a Deformed Man (1969) 266 feminist theory and 397 wide appeal of 5 Horror of Dracula (1958) 213, 225 films committed to 351, 352 see also classical Hollywood style Horse Thief (1986) 81 flexible 175 Holocaust survivors 323–4 Horton, Andrew 41n(9) messages 19, 23, 39, 394, 403 Homer 39, 301 Hou Hsiao-Hsien 82 mobile 26 Honda, Ishiro 224, 248, 258, 259 House (1977) 266 questions of 129 Honeymooners, The (1950s American TV House of Flying Daggers (2004) 59, 68, 76, 328 road movie 316 show) 314 House on Haunted Hill (1959) 225 Idiots, The (1998) 324 Hong Kong 3, 78n(15), 79, 84–6, 123, 179, Housemaid, The (1960) 244, 245 IFC (Independent Film Channel) Films 185, 212, 234, 243, 249 How It Feels to be Run Over (1900) 303 281n(3) action films 69, 96 How Much Further (2006) 363–4 Illinois 5, 271, 273 administrative autonomy and control by How Tasty Was My Little Frenchman (1971) Im Sang-soo 244 mainland China 215 238, 339, 347, 348 Im Soon-rye 327 boom years 24 Howard, Ron 225 imagined communities 26, 27, 87 Chinese filmmakers directing movies Howling, The 235, 249 IMAX 11 in 82 Hu Jinquan see Hu (King) IMCINE (Instituto Mexicano de complex flows of Chinese talent, funding, Hu Die 57 Cinematografia) 355 imagery and themes 87 Hu, King 56, 58, 59, 66, 75–6, 85, 96 imdb.com 127

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imperialism 27, 72, 81, 235, 238 iris shots 342, 398 Sengoku (Warring States) period 108 cultural 28, 50 Iron Curtain 20–3 signs of social stress 239 impressionism 18, 280(Q3), 398 Irreversible (2002) 242 see also anime; Kabuki; Kurosawa; manga; In Blood: The Last Vampire (2000) 266 Islam 325 Meiji; Noh; samurai; Shinto; In the Realm of the Senses (1976) 259 fundamentalism 25 Sino-Japanese War; Sony; Toho; Inagaki, Hiroshi 52, 53, 74 poetry/imagery 168 Tokugawa; Tokyo INCAA (Argentinian Instituto Nacional de Israel 126, 142–3, 152, 154–6, 198, 199, 200, 301 Jarmusch, Jim 313–15, 331, 334n(14) Cine y Artes Audiovisuales) 349, 355 see also Palestine Jaws (1975) 231, 248 Incas 336, 357, 388, 389 Istanbul 326 Jazz Singer, The (1927) 10 Incite Mill, The (2010) 290 It Came from Beneath the Sea (1955) 223 Jeet Kune Do 63, 64, 119 India 3, 168–80, 294, 326, 330, 333, 377 It Happened One Night (1939) 146, 294, 297–8, Jewish Americans 139 bustling movie halls 20 304, 305, 329 Jewison, Norman 151, 155 classical cinema 160–5 Italian for Beginners (2000) 324 jidai-geki 52 history, politics, and film 165–7 Italian Neorealism 18, 27, 299, 323, 347, 375, Jinnah, Mohammed Ali 165 horror films 216, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 249 380, 384(Q6), 400 Jodorowsky, Alejandro 345 pilgrimage from China to 302 Italian Resistance 377 Johannesburg 355 wedding films 39 Italy 3, 4, 28, 74, 122, 189 Johar, Karan 155, 162, 175 see also Bengal; Bollywood; Calcutta; horror films 204, 206, 213, 227, 229, Johnson, Randal 346, 347, 366nn(6–7) Delhi; East India Company; Gandhi; 235–6, 241, 249, 274, 277–80 Joshi, S.T. 251n(1) Hyderabad; IPTA; Kapoor; Kashmir; road movies 294, 317, 322–3, 342, Journey to the Sun (1999) 325–6 Kochi; Madras; Mumbai; Nehru; 377, 383 Journey to the West (attr. Wu Cheng’en) Punjab wedding films 127, 141, 150, 156 301, 302 India Cabaret (1985) 188 see also Amelio; Bologna; Calabria; De Joy Luck Club, The (1993) 83 Indian Communist party 166 Sica; Fellini; Germi; Leone; Milan; Ju Dou (1990) 60 Indiana Jones (1981/1984/1989) 233 Rimini; Rome; Rossellini; Sicily; Jukti Takko Aar Gappo (1974) 165 indigenous languages 362 Tuscany; Venice; Visconti Juliá, Raúl 312 Indonesia 68, 355 Itami, Juzo 258, 260 Julian, Rupert 247 see also Bali Itami, Mansaku 52, 73 Juliette of the Spirits (1965) 377 Infernal Affairs (2002) 243 It’s a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) 312, 330 jump cuts 12, 298, 299, 301, 383, 398 Innocents, The (1961) 228, 232, 248 It’s Alive (1974) 231 famous 382 INSAS (Belgian Institut National Supérieur Ivens, Joris 351 stylish 309 des Arts du Spectacle) 200 Jung, Carl Gustav 40, 62, 207–8, 215, inserts 117(Q5), 169, 262 Jaa, Tony 123(Q4-Q5) 251n(3), 272, 392–3 see also cut-ins; cutaways Jackson, Peter 239 Ju-on: The Grudge (2002) 204, 250, 255, 266, Inside Track 177 Jacobean dramas 277 267, 291 International Brigade 283 Jain, P.C. 179n(7) international cinema 25 Jakarta 355 Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959) 183 International Festival of New Latin Jambrina, P.P. 352 Kaboré, Gaston 32 American Cinema 351 James, Henry 228 Kabuki theatre 51, 52, 224, 256, 258, 259, International Monetary Fund 342 Jameson, Fredric 208 260, 262, 263, 254, 288 Internationale, The (left-wing anthem) 238 Japan 2, 3, 51, 62, 240, 328, 332, 377 samurai women 54 Internet 20, 176, 243, 266, 267 Allied Occupation (1945–1952) Kahlo, Frida 337 intertextuality 37, 128, 247, 398, 401 52, 107 Kaidan (2007) 290 rich connections 89 budget for an art film 4 Kairen, Xian 56 self-conscious 191 co-productions 89 Kalatozov, Mikhail 351 intertitles 33, 404 feudal 101, 103, 224 Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love (1996) 188, 189, Intervista (1987) 377 horror films 28, 39, 179, 204, 205, 206, 191(Q1) Intifada 200 216, 223, 224, 226, 229, 234, 241, 243, Kaplan, Rose 384n(2) Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) 204, 248–50, 254, 255–69, 287, 288–92 Kapoor, Raj 115, 161, 163, 165, 166, 167, 169, 223, 248 invasions by 24, 84, 87, 119 170, 171, 187, 191 Iowa 320, 381 Kanto Plain 51 Kapoor, Shammi 165 IPTA (Indian People’s Theatre Association) 166 karate experts 120, 122 Karachi 116 Iran 3, 5, 18, 325, 326, 377, 404 new waves 18, 233 Karloff, Boris 205, 219, 220, 229 Islamic revolution (1979) 25 pact that made Cold War ally of US 53 Kashmir 159, 161, 166, 175 Ireland 262 prosperity 230, 232 Kaur, Raminder 179n(9)

0002024551.INDD 418 10/12/2013 1:03:03 PM index 419

Kaurismäki, Aki 314, 315, 321, 331 Korean New Wave 18, 244 road films 39 Kawin, Bruce 41n(5), 179n(1), 208, 251n(5) Korean War (1950–3) 48, 222, 243 road movies 179, 316, 328–9, 336–67 Kazakhstan 23, 60, 79, 80 Kore-eda, Hirokazu 260 rural traveling theatres 20 Keaton, Buster 66 Kormákur, Baltasar 156 selling US movies throughout 3 Keita! Voice of the Griot (1996) 325, 332 Koshashvili, Dover 156 Soviet influence in 23 Keitel, Harvey 370 Kouyaté, Dani 325, 332 Third Cinema movement 28 Kelly, Gene 70 Kovacs, Laszlo 298 see also Central America; South America Kennedy, Robert 228 Kracauer, Siegfried 218, 251n(15) Latinos 314, 336, 357, 365, 390(Q3) Kentucky 273 Kragh-Jacobsen, Søren 324 sexually charged role regarded as Kenya 176, 177 Kramer, Stanley 312, 330 insulting by 188 Kerouac, Jack 302, 333n(6), 388 Kubitschek, Juscelino 346 Le Carré, John 4 Kesey, Ken 302 Kubrick, Stanley 235, 249 Le Figaro littéraire 380 key lights 12, 14, 397, 398 Kuhns, Annette 157n(14) Le Monde 380 see also high-key lighting; low-key Kumar, Dilip 169 Leaving Las Vegas (1995) 189 lighting Kumar, Sanjeev 113, 114 Lebanon 129 Khan, Amjad 113, 114, 115 Kung Fu Hustle (2004) 68 Leduc, Paul 345 Khan, Mehboob 153, 161, 163, 166 kung fu movies 17, 58, 62–7, 69–70, 72, 73, 76, Lee, Ang 33, 34, 35, 36, 55, 56, 58, 59, 83, 86, Khan, Salim 113, 116 80, 82, 86, 87, 120–1, 128, 144, 209, 214 87, 88, 89–90, 92, 94–8, 149, 153, 155, Khan, Salman 171 comparing with other films/practitioners 188, 192–5, 196nn(1–3) Khan, Shahrukh 175 123(Q3-Q4) Lee, Bruce 57, 63–7, 72, 73, 82, 85, 118, Khleifi, Michel 155, 197, 198–201 features incorporated into 57, 179 119–23 Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah 25 Hong Kong films 9, 28, 44, 71, 83, 119, 237 death of (1973) 65, 123(Q6), 214 Khouri, Callie 317, 368, 369, 371, 373n(4) Jackie Chan’s first big film 89 earnest intensity 237 Kiarostami, Abbas 25, 326 typical moments of stylized aggression 95 Lee, Christopher 213, 225, 273 Kidman, Nicole 241 Kuomintang 80, 81, 82, 84 Lee, Coco 89 Kill Bill series (2003–2004) 44, 54, 55, 57, 58, Kurosawa, Akira 45, 46, 47, 50–1, 52, 74, 100, Lee Jun Fan see Lee (Bruce) 66, 72, 74, 97, 255 101–12, 214, 255, 256, 257, 259, 260, 261 Lee, Linda 119 Killer, The (1989) 68 Kurosawa, Kiyoshi 291 Lee, Spike 70, 319, 332 Kim Jee-woon 50 Kwaidan (1964) 262, 248, 258, 262, 263 Leeds-Hurwitz, Wendy 146, 147, 157n(6) Kim Ji-woon 244, 245 Kwangju Massacre (1980) 244 Legend (1985) 369 Kim Ki-young 244 Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires, The (1974) King, John 366nn(5, 10) La Dolce Vita (1960) 377 214, 237 King, Martin Luther 228 La Paz 353 Leigh, Janet 205, 228, 234, 273 King, Stephen 207, 251n(2) La Strada (1954) 299, 300, 321, 330, 374, 375–8 leitmotifs 109, 112(Q5) King Kong (1933) 223, 255 Lacan, Jacques 19, 272, 401 Lelio, Sebastián 356 Kings of the Road (1976) 294, 310, 314, 330 Laderman, David 310, 333n(2), 334nn(11–13) Lemon Tree (2008) 142 Kintop Pictures 177 Laemmle, Carl 219 Leningrad Cowboys Go America (1989) 294, Kitano, Takeshi 260 Lagaan (2001) 162, 170 314, 315, 331 Kitses, Jim 49, 76n(4) L’amore (1948) 375 Lennon, John 345 KKHH (Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, 1998) 155, 162, Land in Anguish (1967) 347 Leonardo da Vinci 10 174, 175, 176 Landis, John 249 Leone, Sergio 45, 49–50, 72, 74, 75, 107, Klein, Christina 98n(3) Landowner’s Daughter, The (1953) 346 165, 278 Klinger, Barbara 295, 333n(1) Landscape in the Mist (1988) 294, 321, 322, 331 Les quatre cents coups (1959) 18 Klondike 305 Langella, Frank 213 Let the Right One In (2008) 204, 209, 212, Knight, Shirley 310 Langford, Barry 37, 38 213, 250 Koboyashi, Masaki 53, 74, 248, 258, 262, 263 Langtry 315 Lethal Weapon (1987) 57, 69 Kochi 355 Laozi (supposed founder of Daoism) 62 Leung, William 195(Q5) Koenigsplatz 279, 280 Larraín, Ricardo 356 Lev, Peter 41n(6) Koizumi, Yakumo see Hearn Last Samurai, The (2003) 74 Levinson, Barry 331 Kolmar, Wendy 157n(1) L’Atalante (1934) 18 Lewis, Juliette 319 Komandarev, Stephan 323 Late Marriage (2001) 126, 152, 154, 156 Lewis, Matthew 215 Kon, Satoshi 260 Latin America 6, 22, 335, 377 Lewton, Val 220, 221, 222 Korea 3, 19, 72, 80, 247 creating new markets in 82 Li, Grace 119 Japan annexes (1910) 257 lion’s share of commercial cinema Li Han Hsiang 65–6 see also North Korea; South Korea imported by US 226 Li Hoi Cheun 119

0002024551.INDD 419 10/12/2013 1:03:03 PM 420 index

Li, Jet 68, 70, 123(Q3-Q5) Lovell, Glen 105n(2) Malaysia 23, 68, 88, 175 Li Xiao Long see Lee (Bruce) low-angle shots 13, 14, 70, 102, 398 Mali 23, 246, 325, 331 License to Wed (2007) 145, 156 jumping between extreme high-angle and 279 Malick, Terrence 309–10, 311, 312, 330 Life of Christ, The (1910) 163 Lowenstein, Adam 216, 251nn(14, 22) Malini, Hema 113, 116 Life of Oharu, The (1952) 259 low-key lighting 14, 18, 92, 222, 395, 398 Ma’loul Celebrates Its Destruction (1984) 200 Life of Pi (2012) 88 nocturnal world of grainy visuals and 305 Mamoulian, Rouben 247 Life on a String (1991) 81 Loyal Forty-Seven Ronin, The (1962) 44, 52 Manchuria 84, 89, 97 Like Water for Chocolate (1992) 356 Lu, Sheldon Hsiao-peng 87, 98nn(1–2) manga 263–4, 288, 291(Q6) Lima 335, 389 Lucas, George 40–1, 107, 273 Mangeshkar, Lata 169 Limits (1931) 346 Lucía (1968) 351 Manhattan 16, 87, 223, 315 Littin, Miguel 354 Luckett, Moya 19 Plaza Hotel 130–1 Little Big Man (1970) 48, 75, 103 Lugosi, Bela 211–13, 219, 220 Mansfield, Jayne 49 Little Shop of Horrors, The (1960) 225 Luhrmann, Baz 170 Mao Zedong 80, 81, 84, 85, 167, 225, 397 Liu, Lucy 54, 55 Lumière brothers 2, 10, 15, 160, 303, 304, Great Leap Forward (1958–61) 238 Living End, The (1992) 317 342, 394 Mar del Plata International Film Festival 355 Lloyd, Harold 66 Luna, Diego 361 Marebito (2004) 250, 258, 267, 268 Lo Wei 73 Lung Sihung 90 Margot at the Wedding (2007) 139, 156 Lo Wei Studio 66 Luppi, Federico 285 María Candelaria (1943) 344, 345 Loafer (1973) 191(Q6) Lurie, John 315 Maria Full of Grace (2004) 353, 356 local/domestic audiences 67, 194, 317 Lust, Caution (2007) 195 Mariel 350 film popular with 350 Lust of a Vampire (1956) 213 Mark of the Werewolf (1967) 241 mixed popular genres and cultural styles Luxardo, Elda 278 Marker, Chris 351 for 244 Luz, Dora 343 Markos, Helena 277 movies about local issues using local Lyman, Rick 186n(2) Márquez, Gabriel García 337 talent 342 Lynch, David 231, 316, 319, 320, 332, 358, 365 Marshall, Garry 156 scenes that kept them coming back for Martel, Lucrecia 356 more 57 Ma Sheng-mei 195(Q5) Martin, Steve 131, 132, 133, 147, 313 success with 361 Ma Xiao Hui 89 Marvel comics 88 theme with appeal to 120 Ma Yo-Yo 89 Marx, Karl 208, 215, 251n(11), 399 Lombardi, Francisco 353 Macau 79, 87 Marx Brothers 67, 315 London 26, 163, 177, 355 Machiavelli, Niccolò 277 Marxists 19, 20, 28, 111, 377, 399 distributor of East Asian genre films 243 Mackey, Jill 140, 157n(5) brilliant intellectual 387 Southall 176, 178 Macunaíma (1969) 347 view of poverty 393 West End 170 Mad Max (1979) 294, 307, 331 Masina, Giulietta 299, 374, 375, 376, 377 Lone Wolf and Cub series (1972–1974) 53 Mad Max 3 (1985) 296 Maslin, Janet 369 Lonedale Operator, The (1911) 15 Madagascar 325 Mason, Marsha 177 Long Beach 312 Madras 159, 160, 179 Mast, Gerald 41n(5), 179n(1) long shots 16, 34, 36, 70, 382, 398, 405 Madsen, Michael 370 matching action 16, 399 close-ups alternating with 50, 153, 173 Magic Trip (2011) 302 Matrix, The (1999) 57, 66, 89, 95 continuous 399 Magnificent Seven, The (1960) 44, 45, 46, 74, Mauro, Humberto 346 extreme 13, 278, 308, 363 100–5, 107, 114, 115 Mayas 336, 360 graceful 96 Seven Samurai and 105(Q7), 117(Q7), 255 Mazierska, Ewa 321, 322, 324, 334nn(15–17) lyrical 295 Magnificent Seven Ride Again, The (1972) 104 McCarthyism 223 long takes 32, 260, 299, 380 Mahabharata 169 McCarty, John 252n(25) exceedingly 307 Mahanagar (1963) 164 McDonagh, Maitland 280(Q7), 281n(4) languid 308 Mahoney, James 4 McDonald, Christopher 370 Long, Long Trailer, The (1953) 298, 299, 307 Mai, Karl 49 McLean, Greg 250 López, Ana 342, 366n(4) Maid’s Bitter Story, A (1949) 225 McQueen, Steve 100, 101, 104 Lopez, Jennifer 135–6, 137, 147, 148 mainstream cinema 28, 193 Medellín 352–3 L’ordre du jour (1993) 200 Major, John 232 media hegemony 28 Los Angeles 63, 119, 122, 176, 177, 178, 184, major studios 38 medium shots 13, 36, 121, 132, 306, 335, 370 see also MGM; Paramount; RKO; 278–9, 382, 399 Love at First Bite (1979) 213 Twentieth-Century Fox; Warner Meet the Fockers (2004) 134 Love Eterne, The (1963) 65–6 Maka, Karl 67 Meghe Dhaka Tara (1961) 165 Lovecraft, H.P. 207, 251n(1) Makhmalbaf, Moshen 25 Meiji Japan 256, 257

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Meirelles, Fernando 25, 341, 355 Midnight Run (1988) 297, 331 opening title 319 Méliès, Georges 15 Midsummer Night’s Dream, A parallel 394, 400 Mellen, Joan 112n (Shakespeare) 134 rapid-fire 279, 309 melodrama 114, 128, 137, 138, 160, 173, 226, Mifune, Toshiro 54, 106, 108 send-up 313 236, 265, 313, 343, 349, 399 Mifune’s Last Song (1999) 324 sepia 312 brothel 345 Miike, Takashi 50, 75, 76, 250, 255, 258, 260 traveling 327, 370 commercial 351 Milan 322 see also Soviet montage exotic 346 Miller, George 331 Montana 311, 318 family 82, 244 Million Man March (Washington, DC, 1995) Montevideo 342 historical 81 319 Moonstruck (1987) 191(Q2) Hollywood 154, 317 Mills, Katie 303, 333nn(7–8), 373n(5) More, Kenneth 49 Italian 342 Milne, Tom 384n(3) Moretti, Nanni 322 melody in 169 Mimic (1997) 285 Morocco 23 mother of all genres in Indian cinema 168 Ming dynasty (1368–1644) 56 see also Road to Morocco operatic 94 Minimal Stories (2002) 357, 358 Morricone, Ennio 50 popular appeal in the service of nation Minnelli, Vincente 132, 146, 155, 330 Moscow 23 building 344 minor studios see Columbia; United Artists; Mother India (1957) 153, 161, 163, 170, 173 romantic 63 Universal Mothra (1961) 229, 261, 262 Melville, Jean-Pierre 379, 383 Miramar 388 motifs 40, 280(Q5), 284, 288, 301, 310, 317, Memento Mori (1999) 244, 245 Miramax 177 347, 393 Memories of Murder (2003) 245 Miranda, Aurora 343 bandit 102 Memories of Underdevelopment (1968) 341 Miranda, Carmen 343 consumer 238 Mendelssohn, Felix 146 mise-en-scène 14, 19, 30–2, 70, 137–8, 382, 399 journey 306 Méndez, Fernando 226 efforts to depict extreme mental states of motherhood 242 Merantau (2009) 355 characters through 18 musical 32, 383 Mercer, John 157n(13) meticulous attention to 245 phantom orphan 242 Mercosur 355 Mishra, Vijay 179n(2, 5, 8, 10) popular hillbilly horror 238 Méténier, Oscar 216 Mississippi Masala (1991) 188, 191(Q1) recurring 115, 284 method actors 399, 404 Misumi, Kenji 53, 74, 261 visual 297, 327, 378(Q2) Metro-Tartan 243 Mitchell, Elvis 97, 98n(9) wedding 140, 144 Mexican Insurrection (1911) 342 Mix, Tom 318 see also leitmotifs Mexican-American War (1846–1848) 338 Miyaguchi, Seiji 46–7, 106 Motion Picture Association of America see Mexico 24–5, 45, 48, 101–2, 103, 104, 114, Miyazaki, Hayao 260 MPAA 117(Q7), 176, 332, 335, 340–1, 345, 346, Mizoguchi, Kenji 248, 258, 259 Motorcycle Diaries, The (2004) 24, 294, 329, 351, 354, 356 MNR (Bolivian revolutionary force) 353 333, 336, 365, 386, 387–91 co-production 352 Moab 370 comparing Easy Rider to 390(Q7) horror films 204, 206, 213, 226, 241, 242, Modern Times (1936) 66 Moustapha, Alassane 50 249, 250, 282, 283–6, 345 Mojave Desert 314 Mouth of the Wolf, The (1988) 353 number of Spanish speakers 336 Mole, The (1970) 345 Mozart, W.A. 383 Revolution (1920–1921) 338 Mongolia 59, 79, 80, 152 MPAA (Motion Picture Association of road movies 294, 315, 329, 361 Monogram Pictures 383 America) 5, 179n(4), 229 Tlatelolco massacre (1968) 339 monomyth 39, 40–1, 399 MPH Entertainment 186n(1) see also IMCINE Monroe Doctrine (US 1825) 341 MPPC (Motion Picture Patents Company) 2 MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) 2, 6, 219, Monsoon Wedding (1994) 126, 127, 128, 151, Mr Vampire series 214 220, 346, 368 153, 156, 172, 187, 188–91 Mr Vampire (1985) 237 endearingly mindless ingredients 312 Monster-in-Law (2005) 137, 145 MTV 175, 243, 319, 355 MGM-Pathé 4 montage 7, 17, 137, 283, 304, 318, 357 Mu Fei 81, 84 Michelangelo 229, 277 acid trip 298 Mughal rule 168 Middle East 6, 27, 34, 160, 325 balletic 309 Müller, Robby 310 politics 37 dialectical 16, 399 Mulroney, Dermot 137 wedding films 127, 142, 144 falling-in-love 178 multiculturalism 89, 193, 194, 337, 399–400 see also Egypt; Iran; Israel; Lebanon; hallucinatory drug 359 multilanguage films 33 Palestine hitchhiking 306 multinational cinema 26, 177 Middle of the World, The (2003) 360 intellectual 16, 399 multiplex theatres 6, 20 Midnight Cowboy (1969) 297, 330 lover’s fantasy 169 Mulvey, Laura 19, 41n(10)

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Mumbai 67, 116, 159, 160, 176, 240 history of 27 New York Times, The 97, 186n(2), 188, 360, terrorist attacks by Pakistani-based ongoing debates over global and 97 369, 380 militants 162, 166 see also INC; international cinema; New Zealand 4, 5, 126, 156, 177 see also Bollywood multinational cinema; transnational News Corporation 6 Mummy, The (1959) 225 cinema Nicaragua 335, 341, 354 Mundan ceremony 169 Native Americans 48, 235, 314, 316, 317–18, 336 Nicholson, Jack 235, 297, 308 Murasaki, Shikibu, Lady 52 important role for 306 nickelodeons 20, 400 Muriel’s Wedding (1994) 127, 131, 133, 139, mistreated 234 Niger 50 140, 155 Natural Born Killers (1994) 308, 316, 319, Niger Fulani people 152 Murnau, F.W. 211, 212, 247 320, 331 Nigeria 23, 170 Murray, K. Gordon 226, 229 Navajos 51 see also Nollywood musical instruments 109, 112(Q5), 390 Nayar, Deepak 177 Night of the Living Dead (1968) 209, 228, 248 musical scores 89, 279, 376 Neal, Tom 306 Night of the Pencils (1986) 349–50 edgy 315 Necropia 285 night scenes 305 emotional 50 Needham, Hal 331 dimly illuminated 222 jazzy 383 negative imprint 10, 11, 401 eerie 221 moody 274 cost of 4, 400 evocative 317 romantic 383 Negra, Diane 19, 135–6, 157n(4) Nightmare on Elm Street, A (1984) 204, 233, soulful 314 Nehru, Jawaharlal 161, 162, 165, 166–7 234, 249, 274 musicals 3, 38, 59, 63, 95, 114, 191(Q3), 259 Neon Genesis Evangelion (1995–1996) 265 Nights of Cabiria (1957) 377 campy 231 neorealism 170, 323, 400 Nikkatsu (production company) 259 chanchada 338, 346 familiar techniques 344 Nine Queens (2000) 24, 340, 355 cowboy 343 hallmarks of aesthetics of 300 NLAC (New Latin American Cinema) 337, war 128 principles of 378(Q5) 340, 343, 365 Muslim League 165 work rooted in 377 Noé, Gaspar 242 Mussman, Toby 384n(2) see also Italian Neorealism; semi- Noh drama 260, 262, 264, 265, 288 Mussolini, Benito 283, 377 neorealism Nollywood 28, 67, 246 Mussolini Cup 5 Neruda, Pablo 337 Norbu, Khyentse 327, 332 Mutual 218 Netflix 127 Norris, Chuck 64, 118, 121, 123(Q4, Q7) Mutual Defense Pact (1960) 53 Neue Kino, Das see New German Cinema North Africa 22, 160, 325 Muybridge, Eadweard 10 Nevada 312 see also Algeria; Morocco My Best Friend’s Wedding (1997) 137, 138, 139, New Cinema movement 82, 164, 395 North America 22, 51, 86, 343, 350 154, 155 see also Cinema Novo Chinatowns 68 My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002) 5, 126, 127, New Delhi 188 Indians living in 175 129, 133, 134, 136, 151, 154, 156, 181, New French Extremity 243 see also Canada; Mexico; United States 182–6, 188–9, 191(Q2) New German Cinema 18, 310, 395 North by Northwest (1959) 330 My Own Private Idaho (1991) 316, 317, 319, 331 New Jersey 47, 130, 273 North Korea 48, 79, 232, 243, 244, 254 Myanmar/Burma 49, 79, 80, 240 New Line Cinema 185 Nosferatu (1922) 204, 206, 211, 212, 217, 247 Myrick, Daniel 250 New Mexico 306 Novaro, María 356, 360 mythical dimensions 39–41, 87 New Orleans 297 NRIs (Non Resident Indians) 175, 176 New Queer Cinema (1990s) 317 Nagasaki 223, 257 New Republic, The 380 Odessa steps see Battleship Potemkin Nair, Mira 152, 156, 176, 187, 188–91 New Theatres (studio) 163 Oedipal moment 272 Nakagawa, Nobuo 248 new waves 3, 18, 24, 111, 233, 259, 355 Official Story, The (1985) 349 Nakata, Hideo 243, 249, 258, 287, 288–92 see also French New Wave; Korean New offshoring 4, 400 Nang Nak (1999) 246 Wave Oh My Goddess! (2005–2006) 265 Napier, Susan 263, 268n(2) New York 2, 104, 176, 193, 306, 312, 365 Ohio 315 narcissism 19, 65, 122, 123, 139, 272, 311, Broadway 170 Okayama 290 361, 401 Bronx 218 Oklahoma 48, 304 narrative content 29 Brooklyn 188, 273 bombing (1995) 239 narrative continuity 218, 301 Columbia University 189 Old Mansion, The (1989) 236, 249 Nash, Jay Robert 105n(3) Harlem 213 Old Temple, The (1984) 236 national cinemas 26, 41, 167, 247, 283, 354 Long Island 177, 234 Oldboy (2003) 243, 246 creation of 342 Public Library 135 Oliver, Mary Beth 251n(4) growth of 3 see also Manhattan Olivera, Héctor 349

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Once Upon a Time in China series (1991–1997) Parallel Cinema 164, 165 Pfeiffer, Michelle 4 44, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 86 parallel editing see cross-cutting Phalke, Dhundiraj Govind (Dadasaheb) 161, Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) 49, 115, 278 Paramount 2, 6, 219, 220 163, 166 One and Eight (1983) 81 Hispanic films (1930s) 343 Phantom of the Opera, The (1925/1929/1943) One-Armed Swordsman (1967) 58, 75 Paranormal Activity (2007) 204, 209, 239, 250 210, 219, 220, 247 One Missed Call (2003) 250, 258, 263, 291(Q2) Paris 345 Phenakistoscope 10 Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior (2003) 44, 73 Cinémathèque 380, 381, 383 Philadelphia Story, The (1940) 146 Onibaba (1964) 204, 224, 229, 248, 262, 263, Sorbonne 381 Phobia 2 (2009) 246 288, 289 Paris, Je t’aime (2006) 355 Phoenix, River 317 Onin War (Japan 1467–1477) 108 Paris, Texas (1984) 310, 314, 333 Phoenix 318, 319 opening scenes 288, 320 Park Chan-wook 246 Phonofilm 10 cinematic horror moment 205, 206 Parker, Mary-Louise 317 photography credit 131 Parvulesco, Jean 383 color, major advances in 10–11 optical effects 10, 324, 400 Pasadena 273 deep-focus 30, 31–2, 109 Orientalism 27, 400 pastiche 400 directors of 7, 189, 394; see also Orissa/Odisha 188 intertextual 247 cinematographers Orphanage, The (2007) 242, 250, 285, 289 makeshift 401 out-of-focus 18 Oscars 89, 162, 239, 273, 317, 377 Patagonia 336, 348, 357, 387 three-dimensional 3, 11, 404 Argentina’s first winner 350 Pathé 2, 177 Picasso, Pablo 383 nominations for 170, 361, 369 see also MGM-Pathé Pick, Zuzana M. 337, 366n(3) Oshii, Mamoru 260, 263 Pather Panchali (1955) 164 Pinedo, Isabel Cristina 234, 252n(24) Oshima, Nagisa 259 patriarchy 19, 97, 109, 114, 129, 142, 151, Pinelli, Tullio 376 Óskarsdóttir, Valdís 156 190, 198, 199, 201(Q4), 230, 265, 280, Pinochet, Augusto 230, 340, 341, 354, 356 Ospina, Luis 352 289, 400 Pirates of the Caribbean franchise Others, The (2001) 241, 283 abusive 320 (2003–2007) 290 Otomo, Katsuhiro 264, 265 anchored in tradition 189 Pitt, Brad 370 Ouagadougou 325 avenging 272 Pizza, Beer, and Cigarettes (1998) 356 Our Family Wedding (2010) 127, 134, 156 law’s view 372 Planes, Trains, & Automobiles (1987) Our Lady of the Assassins (2000) 353, 356 stubborn insistence on control of family 360 312–13, 331 Out on the Big Ranch (1936) 343 traditional Arab 143 Pleasence, Donald 270, 271, 273 Outrage, The (1964) 45, 75, 107 weddings used to critique the evils of 133 Poe, Edgar Allan 218 outsourcing 4, 166, 400 Pau, Peter 89, 95 Poirier, Manuel 323 Ozu, Yasujiro 259 Pauline at the Beach (1982) 324 Poland 126, 127, 141–2, 155, 156, 229 Pawnee language 48 post-communist 324 Pacific Rim 22, 23 Peace Corps 353 Polanski, Roman 213, 248 Pack, The (1977) 231 Peckinpah, Sam 50, 107, 115, 272–3 Police Story (1985) 66, 73 Padrón, Juan 351 Peeping Tom (1960) 204, 209, 226, 227, 232, Polidori, John 211 Paisan (1946) 375 248, 267 Poltergeist (1982) 234, 235, 249 Pakistan 159, 160, 326 Peixoto, Mário 346 Portail, Michel 381–2 partition of India and 116, 161, 164, 165–6 Peking Opera 64 Porter, Edwin S. 15, 74 terrorist attacks by militants 162, 166 Peli, Oren 250 Porton, Richard 391n(2) troubled relationship between Penn, Arthur 48, 75, 272–3, 308, 309, 330, 383 Portugal 27, 343 India and 175 Pennebaker, D.A. 383, 384n(5) Colonial Period 338, 341 Palestine 27, 126, 133, 142–3, 155, 156, 198–201 Pereira dos Santos, Nelson 339, 347, 348 Portuguese language 336 first feature film made by an insider 198 Perez Family, The (1995) 188, 191(Q1) post-production 7, 8, 108, 116, 290, Palmberg, Mai 334n(18) Perón, Eva 348 401, 403 Pan’s Labyrinth (2006) 204, 218, 242, 250, Perón, Juan 348 automated dialogue replacement 393 283, 285 Perren, Alisa 185, 186(Q7), 186n(3) dubbing 33, 278 Panaglide gyroscopic camera 274 Perry, Commodore Matthew 255, 256, 257 filmmakers in Russia taking a very Panahi, Jafar 5, 25 Peru 335, 353, 390 different approach to 16 Panama 335, 352 Machu Picchu 357, 387, 389 negative cost 400 control of the Canal (1904) 341 San Pablo Leper Colony 387, 389, 390(Q2) sound effects created 15 panning shots 13, 121, 400 see also Lima postcolonialism 17, 401, 405 Paprika (2006) 260 Petersen, Wolfgang 39 postfeminism 20, 135 Paraguay 335, 354 Pfaff, Françoise 41n(11) historical shift from prefeminism to 136

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postmodernism 39, 67, 81, 101, 191, 239, reduced by half 68 Qawwalis 169 247, 266, 401 relocation to another country 400 Qin Dynasty 56, 62 index of 313 runaway 5, 402 Qin King 61–2 POV (point-of-view) editing 16, 400 slow 116 Qing Dynasty 63, 95 dynamic shots 298 slowed down 279 Quatermass Experiment, The (1953) 225 startling shots 222 soared 244 Quechua women 389 Powell, Michael 226, 227, 248 sound mixer 7 Quick and the Dead, The (1995) 48, 75 Powwow Highway (1989) 317–18 specialists who contribute to 29 Quiet Family, The (1998) 244, 245 Prabhat studio 163 stage 67, 213 Quinn, Anthony 104, 299, 374, 375, 376 Preminger, Otto 381 studio system 403 Quinn, Declan 189, 190 pre-production 7, 401 supported by central government Quito 335, 363–4 Price, Vincent 231 agency 348 quota-quickies 225 Prince, Stephen 252n(26) tracing the politics behind 1 Princess Mononoke (1997) 260 transnational 355, 405 Raaz, Vijay 187, 189 producers 2, 29, 65, 116, 184, 189, 214, 220, truly Pan-Latin American 390 Rachel Getting Married (2008) 133, 139, 156 278, 285, 381, 401 underground tactics 81 Radcliffe, Ann 215, 216, 251n(12) associate 104 unorthodox methods 382 Radner, Hilary 19, 373n(2) blueprint for 37 see also co-productions; post-production; Raft, George 297, 305–6 Bollywood 160 pre-production Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) 41 budget and shooting schedule 7 production companies 184 Raimi, Sam 48, 75 executive 97, 104, 389 Brazilian 346 Rain Man (1988) 313, 314, 331 expectation of reasonable return on Italian 49 Rain People, The (1969) 310 investment 210 major independent 258–9 Rains, Claude 220 independent 67, 129, 273 multinational 26 Raise the Red Lantern (1991) 60, 86 largest in Hong Kong 56 Spanish 49 Raising Arizona (1987) 313, 320, 331 leading 107 production costs 67, 83 Raja Harishchandra (1913) 161, 163 marketing their products 215 costs break-even 4 Rajadhyaksha, Ashish 179n(3) nation-based 28 production values Rajaonarivelo, Raymond 325 screen violence 225 high 4, 5, 220, 239–40, 244 Ramanagaram 116 sharing box-office receipts with 83 improved 67 Ramayana 169 smaller 67 low 58, 347 Ramsay, Tylsi & Shyam 236, 249 Welles’s notorious struggles with 32 raised 82 Rana’s Wedding (2002) 127, 133, 142, 143, production 2, 8, 23, 32, 49, 52, 87, 108, 111, 182, Project A (1983) 44, 66, 73 144, 152, 154, 156, 198 185, 186(Q7), 273, 304, 354, 375–6, 401 Propp, Vladimir 280(Q7) Rasa theory 168 anime 264 Prussia 141 Rascaroli, Laura 321, 322, 324, basis for making broader observations Psycho (1960) 204, 209, 226, 228, 234, 248, 273, 289 334nn(15–17) about 30 psychoanalysis 207, 228 Rashomon (1950) 45, 74, 107, 257, 259, censored 107 feminist critics and descendants turned 260, 261 commercial 349 away from 19 Rat Race (2001) 329 comparing 195(Q4) see also Freud; Jung; Lacan rationalism 216 control of 103, 351 psychoanalytic spectatorship theory 19, 20, 401 enemy of 236 decentralizing 355 psychological development 272 repressive 218 decisions about 129 Pu Songling 237 Ray, Nicholas 330, 383 East Asian hub for 82 Pudovkin, Vsevolod 16, 23 Ray, Satyajit 161, 163, 164, 330 exotic setting for 351 Puenzo, Luis 349 reaction shots 16, 46, 137, 401 government ban on 56 Puerto Rico 335, 354, 389, 390 Reagan, Ronald 232, 313, 314, 316 independent 234, 303, 345 pulp fiction 47, 56 Real Women Have Curves (2002) 353, 356 international 87, 89, 353 Pulp Fiction (1994) 355 realism 82, 111, 139, 167, 169, 208, 216, 218, interrupted by better offer 122 Pulse (2001) 266, 267, 291 228, 357 low-budget 188, 234 Punjab 153, 155, 159, 163, 173–4, 176, 178–9, abandoned for expressionism 164 Mandarin, with nationalist perspective 82 188–91 aesthetic tradition of 168 more flexible approach to 67 Puppetmaster, The (1993) 82 departures from 288 outsourcing part of the process 4 Pure Blood (1982) 352 distinction between ritual and 51 plummeted 244 Pushing Hands (1992) 88, 193 documentary 143, 188, 227, 315, 377 quantity of 160 Pyasaa (1957) 163 French 260

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literary 40 Road, The (2009) 329 Sacred Family, The (2005) 356 magical 337, 356 road movies 294, 295–391 Safety Last! (1923) 66 multi-plane cameras, adding depth and 264 Road to Morocco (1942) 297, 302, 305, 330 Sage Bharat 168 photographic 217 Roberta (1935) 147 Said, Edward 27, 400 poetic 18, 400 Roberts, Julia 135, 137 Saint Joan (1957) 381 psychological 138 Roberts, Shari 295, 333n(3) Salaam Bombay (1988) 188 social(ist) 81, 85, 259 Robotech (1985) 264 Salles, Walter 25, 332, 333, 356, 359, 360, supernatural 239 Rocha, Glauber 347, 393 366n(13), 386, 387, 388–9, 390(Q4–Q5) see also neorealism; surrealism Rockies 51 Salvador (1986) 354 Re-Animator (1985) 249, 266 Rocky Horror Picture Show, The (1975) 231 Samoan Wedding (2006) 126, 156 recreational horror 226 Rodan (1956) 261, 262 samurai 17, 44, 50–8, 62, 72, 73–4, 76, 80, 97, Red Cliff (2008) 44, 68, 76, 86 Rodrigo D: No future (1990) 352 123(Q5), 144, 179, 224, 259, 261, 262, Red Heroine (1929) 57 Rodriguez, Chema 157n(11) 265, 402 Red Sorghum (1987) 60, 153 Rohmer, Eric 324, 380 face-offs in movies 363 Reeves, Keanu 317 Rolling Family (2004) 204, 332, 341, 356, 358 Western hero and 45–7 Reinhart, John 343 Rolling Home with a Bull (2010) 327 see also Last Samurai; Seven Samurai Reini, Harald 74 Romance languages 336 Samurai Champloo (2004) 265 Rekha (female Indian star) 169 Romanian Gypsies 321–2 Samurai Trilogy (1954–1956) 53, 74 Rendón, Manuel 337 romantic comedy 138, 144, 154, 324, 397, 402 San Francisco 63, 89, 119, 223 Renoir, Jean 5, 170, 383 full of slapsticks and pratfalls 183 San Martín, José de 357 Renta, Oscar de la 147 lighter 127 San Salvador 341 Resident Evil (2003) 240 urban 351 San Sebastian 358 Resnais, Alain 299, 380 wedding movies as 133–6 Sánchez, Eduardo 250 Return of an Adventurer, The 50 Romanticism 216 Sandino, Catalina 353 Return of the Seven (1966) 104 Rome 64, 121, 278, 296, 322, 352, 376 Sanjinés, Jorge 339, 353 reverse-angle shots 16, 137, 278, 383, 402 Cinecittà Studios 49 Sanshiro Sugata (1942) 107 Revolutionary Girl (1999) 266 Rome: Open City (1945) 18, 375, 377 Sansho the Bailiff (1954) 259 Reygadas, Carlos 356 Romero, George 228–9, 240, 248, 249, 280 Santaolalla, Gustavo 386, 389–90 Richie, Donald 51, 76n(6) Roosevelt, Franklin D. 220, 308, 341, 343 Santiago 342 Ride, The (1994) 323 Roosevelt, Theodore 341 Santos see Pereira dos Santos Ride with the Devil (1999) 88 Rosas, Enrique 342 Sarandon, Susan 298, 368, 369, 373n(4) Riding Alone for Thousands of Miles (2005) 328 Rose, James 286n(1) Satyricon (1969) 377 Riklis, Eran 142, 144, 156 Rosemary’s Baby (1968) 228, 248 Saura, Carlos 241, 283 Rimini 375 Ross, Herbert 317 Savage, Ann 306 Ring (1998) 209, 243, 249, 255, 258, 263, 287, Ross, Stanley Ralph 105n(3) Sayles, John 225 288–92 Rossellini, Roberto 18, 299, 323, 330, 375, Scandinavia 3 Ring, The (2002) 288, 291 377, 383 see also Denmark; Finland; Sweden Ring 0: Birthday (2000) 290 Rota, Nino 376 SCAP (Supreme Command Allied Powers) Ring 2 (1999) 290 Rother, Larry 366n(17) 52, 259 Ring Two, The (2005) 290 Roy, Bimal 163, 166, 170 scenarios see screenplays Ring Virus, The (1999) 290 Royal College of Art 369 scenes 17, 402, 404, 405 Rio de Janeiro 305, 335, 342, 347, 355, 359 Ruan Lingyu 81 ambush 309 Corcovado Peak 360 Ruiz, Raúl 354 banquet 149, 195 favelas 343, 346 Runaway Bride (1999) 135, 146, 156 beach 376 Rio Grande (1950) 48, 74 rushes 7, 395, 402 bedroom 382 Rio Turbio 357 Russia 2, 16, 22, 26, 79, 80, 122, 254, bilingual 90 Ripstein, Arturo 345, 356 280(Q7), 393 bordering on erotic 194–5 Rissient, Pierre 382 Cold War 341 breakthrough 183 Ritt, Martin 45, 75, 107 horror films 204, 211, 229, 233, 250 building inductively 69 River, The (2003) 325 Japan’s military victories against 256 cemetery 302 Rivera, Diego 337, 343 road movies 294, 323, 332, 338, 343 chase 93, 246, 313 Rivera, José 389 wedding films 135, 141, 143, 151, 170 chilling 232 Rivette, Jacques 380 see also Moscow; Soviet Union climactic 211 RKO (Radio-Keith-Orpheum) 2, 103, 220, 223 Russia House, The (1990) 4 comic 67, 194 Road, Movie (2009) 326, 327 Rwandan genocide (1994) 239 comparable 46

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scenes (cont’d ) Schneider, Steven 251n(21) credit 173, 274, 283 conflict 112(Q5) Schreck, Max 211 dream 163, 169, 300 cultural information underlying 36 Schroeder Rodriguez, Paul 366n(19) electronic images as computer files death 243 scopophilia 19, 401 assembled into 395 dynamic rhythm between 15 Scorsese, Martin 107, 225, 280 fantasy 178 elaborate 277 Scotland 4 filmed according to the 180-degree rule 392 emotions of 12, 15, 60, 185(Q4) Scott, Ridley 231, 249, 316, 331, 365, 368, hallucinatory drug 308 explicit 361 369–73 lifted, repackaged and sold separately 153 famous 228, 309 Scream (1996) 239 montage 7–8, 298, 304 favorite 267 screenplays 6, 184, 187, 308, 317, 369, 379, 402 opening 274, 279, 283 fierce combat 64 approved concept for movie may be reversed chronological 242 graphic 216, 226–7 developed into 401 shot inserted into 398 grotesque 363 see also scripts shot/reverse-angle shot 16, 278, 402 hallucinatory 327 screenwriters 11, 63, 65, 97, 220, 273, 285, 375 surrealistic 300 intimate 91 handbook widely used by 41 Serial Experiments Lain (1998) 266 key 128, 131 see also scriptwriters setups 7, 402, 405 lighting of 12, 14 script development 6, 89 Seven Samurai (1954) 45, 46, 47, 50, 52, 101, memorable 128, 190, 223 script supervisors 7, 402 103, 106–12, 114, 214, 255, 256, 260 motel 371 scripts 4, 7, 87, 96, 113, 173, 189, 221, 278, idea of remaking 104 mysterious 376 402, 319–20, 360, 369 Magnificent Seven and 105(Q7), 117(Q7), 255 nerve-ratcheting 300 adding gags to 375 Sex and the City (2008) 19, 126, 135, 146, 147, party 14, 178 aficionados fond of quoting lines from 149, 154, 156, 184–5 poignant 320, 371, 376 104(Q6) Shah, Naseeruddin 189 pool 361 allegorical 25 Shahane, Renuka 171 predictable 210 altered after shooting 393 Shakespeare, William 134, 188, 277 proposal 146, 149, 154 bilingual 88, 90 Shanghai 24, 56, 63, 64, 79, 82, 84, 88, 120 psychological dimensions of 139 changed in deference 103 Shankman, Adam 130, 147, 156 rape 242 collaborative 89, 108, 111, 273, 276, 282, Shaolin Soccer (2001) 68 rearranged during intervals 403 374, 376 Shatner, William 273 recycled 102 comparing to original novel 94 Shaw Brothers Studio 56, 58, 67, 68, 82, 120, 214 rescue 136 designed to evoke nostalgia 131 Sheen, Martin 310, 311 revenge 115, 242 guidebook for 41 Shek, Dean 67 schoolroom 286(Q4) hybrid 90 Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft 216, 218, shortened 382 memorable lines in 105(Q6) 239, 249 shots assembled into 7 shooting 6, 376, 402 Sheriff of Fractured Jaw, The (1958) 44, shower 228 scriptwriters 29, 107, 129, 162, 166, 177, 181, 49, 74 silent 371 184, 189, 192, 193, 195(Q4), 270, 273, Shimizu, Takashi 250, 258, 267, 268, 291 sophisticated transitions between 15 287, 368, 377, 386, 389 Shimura, Takashi 47, 106, 108, 109 spectacular 266 structure for 37 Shindo, Kaneto 224, 248 stock 48 Searchers, The (1956) 41, 48–9, 74, 302–3, 306 Shining, The (1980) 210, 235, 249, 266 strengthening the regional identity of 390 Seattle 119, 290 Shinkokugeki 51 transformation 235 Seberg, Jean 381 Shinoda, Masahiro 259 understanding of 33 Seeta and Geeta (1972) 116 Shinto 256, 262–3, 265 visceral 69 Selig Polyscope Company 218 Shirmer Encyclopedia of Film 154 wordless 211 Selznick, David O. 103 Shivers (1975) 231 see also action scenes; battle scenes; fight Sembene, Ousmane 23, 24, 152, 155 Shochiku (production company) 259 scenes; final scenes; mise-en-scène; night semi-neorealism 314 Shohat, Ella 337, 366nn(1–2) scenes; opening scenes; wedding scenes Sen, Hiralal 163 Shohei Imamura (1997) 260 Schamus, James 89, 90, 97, 98nn(5, 7–8), 192 Senegal 126, 274, 325, 331 Sholay (1975) 44, 50, 75, 113, 114–17, 162, Schatz, Thomas 37–8, 47, 76n(1), 154, see also Dakar; Sembene; Xala 165, 167 157n(1), 210, 251n(9), 310, 315 Sengupta, Shombit 179n(4) Shome, Tilotama 187, 189–90 Scheider, Roy 4 Sense and Sensibility (1995) 88, 195 shooting schedule 7, 402 Schepisi, Fred 4 sequences 61, 65, 121, 135–7, 147, 291(Q7), 390 Shootist, The (1976) 49, 75 Scherfig, Lone 324 carefully composed shot 115 shots Schickel, Richard 369 continuous 10, 15, 396 assembled into scenes 7

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carefully composed 115 slapstick 183, 403 Southeast Asia 63, 65, 240 dynamic point-of-view 298 slasher films 209, 226, 230, 231, 234, 247 see also Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; inserted 398 American, prototype for 228 Singapore; Thailand; Vietnam zoom 405 staples of 274 Southern California 2 see also aerial shots; crane shots; teenage 233, 239 Soviet montage 16–18, 399 establishing shots; eye-level shots; full Slotkin, Richard 103, 105n(1) adapting 346 shots; high-angle shots; iris shots; long Slovak Republic 23 Soviet Union 21, 23, 141, 167 shots; low-angle shots; medium shots; slow motion 18, 96, 115, 309, 319, 398, 403 atomic weapons 223 panning shots; reaction shots; Slumdog Millionaire (2008) 162, 170 collapse/demise of Communism 20, 232, reverse-angle shots; tilt shots; tracking Smarzowski, Wojciech 133, 141, 142, 238, 320, 352 shots 150, 156 communist state modeled on 350 Shower (1999) 153 Smoke Signals (1998) 316, 318, 319, 332 new moderating leadership 230 Shree 420 (1955) 163, 166, 167, 170, 171 Snake in the Eagle’s Shadow (1978) 66, 89 Spacek, Sissy 310, 311, 320 Shumway, David 157n(12) Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) spaghetti Westerns 72, 74–5, 165, 278 shutters 398, 402–3 264, 279 most famous 49–50 moveable 10 So Far From India (1983) 188 Spain 27, 45, 49, 72, 358, 360, 361, 363 timed 10 socialist realism 81, 85 Colonial Period 338, 341, 350, 353, 389 Shyamalan, M. Night 239, 240, 250 Solanas, Fernando 24, 339, 349, 366n(8), 404 co-production 241, 352 Shyer, Charles 132, 146, 155 Solás, Humberto 24, 351 horror films 205–6, 213, 216, 227, 241–2, Sicily 141, 322, 323 Sometimes Things Do Happen see KKHH 248, 250, 251, 282, 283–6 Sideways (2001) 329 Son of Dracula (1943) 213 Latin American nations achieve Siegel, Don 54, 75, 223, 248 Son of Frankenstein (1939) 219 independence from 338 Siegel, Kristi 373n(2) Sony Pictures 6, 26, 282, 286n(2) resistance to Napoleon (1814) 284 Sierra Pelada 357 Sophocles 188 see also Buñuel; Dalí; Franco; Goya; Sight and Sound (magazine) 380 Sorín, Carlos 357, 366n(14) Guernica Sikh extremists 166 sound effects 15, 112(Q5), 123(Q7), 399, 403 Spanish-American War (1898) 350 Silence of the Lambs, The (1991) 239 breakthroughs in 68 Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) 216, 241, 242, silent films 15, 23, 57, 161, 211, 218 exaggerated 69 283, 286(Q6), 338 action intelligible without intertitle replaced with synchronized substitutes Spanish conquistadores 336 cards 33 8, 397 Spanish language 33, 213, 241, 282, 283, 336, American comedians of 66 soundtracks 8, 15, 112(Q5), 121, 123(Q1), 344, 354, 355, 362, 386, 387 early deaths in 210 190, 191, 274(Q4), 289, 295, 403 audiences deliberately targeted 343 narrators for 82 advantages of preserving the original 33 special effects 8, 67, 246, 273, 276, 285, 397, shift to synchronized sound 342 blending 399 399, 401, 403 useful skill for acting in 219 lending authenticity to 392 advances in 235 wuxia movies date back to early days optical 10 spectators 29, 51, 69, 127, 195, 210, 228, 353, 376 of 56 recorded music added to 402 distinction between audiences and 19, 403 Silent Light (2007) 356 words spoken/not spoken aloud 395, 405 female 19, 234 Silverstein, Shel 370 South Africa 126, 139, 156, 175, 294, 325, 333 identification with character 19, 168, 233 Singapore 63, 68, 87, 122, 175, 305 see also Cape Town; Johannesburg stand-in 137–8 Singin’ in the Rain (1952) 70 South America 336, 343 spectatorship 403 Sinha, Ajay 179n(9) see also Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; important issues about reception and 182 Sino-Japanese War Colombia; Ecuador; Guyana; inventing new forms of 267 First (1894–5) 83 Paraguay; Peru; Uruguay see also psychoanalytic spectatorship Second (1937–45) 80, 82, 84 South Asia 22 theory Sioux language 48 diaspora from 175 Speed Racer (1967) 259, 264 Sippy, G.P. 113, 114, 116, 117(Q7) Sholay a massive hit in 114 Spielberg, Steven 107, 309, 248, 309, 310 Sippy, Ramesh 50, 75, 113, 114, 116, 162, 165 see also Afghanistan; Bangladesh; India; Spiral (1998) 290, 291 Sirk, Douglas 173 Pakistan; Sri Lanka Spirit of the Beehive, The (1973) 241, 248, 283 Sivan, Santosh 177 South Dakota 311 Spirited Away (2001) 266 Sixth Sense, The (1999) 239–40, 250 South Korea 44, 48, 50, 68, 75, 79, 232, 290 Spooky Encounters (1980) 204, 212, 214, 249 Sjöström, Victor 300 chaebôl 244 spotlights 396, 403 Skal, David 219, 220, 251nn(17–18, 20) horror films 204, 206, 233, 239, 241, Spring in a Small Town (1948) 81, 84 Skirt Power (1997) 246 243–4, 245, 246, 250, 254 Squyres, Tim 95 Sky Crawlers, The (2008) 266 road movies 294, 327, 333 Sri Lanka 159, 166, 175

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Stacey, Jackie 19 see also cinematic style; Hollywood style 28 Days Later (2002) 204, 205, 206, 207, Stagecoach (1939) 44, 49, 74, 165, 306, 329 Suárez, Juana 365, 366nn(12, 20) 209, 250 Stagnaro, Bruno 356 subliminal messages 223 39 Steps, The (1935) 329 Stalin, Joseph 283 sub-Saharan Africa 18, 22, 24, 404 Tabío, Juan Carlos 351, 352, 361 stalker movies 209, 232, 233, 234 see also Burkina Faso; Ghana; Kenya; Taibo II, Paco Ignacio 389 hillbilly 208 Mali; Niger; Nigeria Taipei 83 teen 240 subtitles 48, 57, 106, 113, 187, 192, 197, 278, Taiwan 44, 56, 58–9, 63, 68, 78, 79, 82–9, 97, Stallone, Sylvester 123(Q5) 282, 358, 374, 379, 386, 404 126, 127, 155, 179, 193, 194 Stam, Robert 337, 346, 347, 366nn(1–2, 6–7) advice to see one movie a month with 28 cultural identity 80 Stamp, Shelley 19 barrier of 36 Japan takes over from China (1895) 257 Stand by Me (1986) 101 mandated by British law 82 migration of talent and money to 24 Stanton, Harry Dean 314, 320 no need for 96 Takakura, Ken 328 Star Partners III 4 why many viewers prefer 33 takes 382, 404 star system 3, 169, 403 Sugarland Express, The (1974) 310 best selected from day’s shoot 396 great studios which thrived on 163 Sukiyaki Western Django (2007) 44, 50, 75, 255 numbered 7 Star Wars series (1977–2005) 40–1, 107, 233 Sullivan’s Travels (1941) 302 shorter 102 Steadicam 13, 403 Summer’s Tale, A (1996) 324 single 15, 132, 315 precursor of 274 Sun Yu 80, 84 uninterrupted 132, 260 Steel Magnolias (1989) 317 Sundjata (African epic) 325 see also long takes Steiner, Rudolf 277 Super-16 camera 389 Taking Woodstock (2009) 195(Q5) Steppenwolf 295, 298 superimposition 18, 306, 395, 398, 400, 404 Taklamakan Plateau 89 stereoscopic effect 11 surrealism 18, 68, 141, 200, 235, 243, 259, Tale of the Three Lost Jewels (1995) 200 stereotypes 48, 103, 234, 277, 314 277, 279, 280(Q3), 300, 317, 359, 404 Tale of Two Sisters, A (2003) 243, 245 international 305 absorbed impulses of 345 Tale of Zatoichi, The (1962) 53, 74, 261 perpetuating 188, 280 celebrated 350 Tamborini, Ron 251n(4) sexist and racist 317 European tradition of 352 Tamil language film industry 179 Stern, Susan 131, 157n(1) influences from 291(Q7) Tamil Tigers 166 Stevenson, Robert Louis 216 populist 220 Tampopo (1985) 258, 260 Stockton, Dean 314 see also French surrealism Tan Dun 89 Stoker, Bram 211, 214, 215, 216, 239, 249 Suspiria 229, 232, 249, 274, 276, 277–81, 289 Tanaka, Tokuzo 54 see also Dracula (various) Suzuki, Koji 288, 290 Tandan, Loveleen 162 Stolen Children, The (1992) 322–3, 333 Sverák,̌ Jan 323 Tang Dynasty rebels 59 Stone, Oliver 316, 319, 320, 331 Swamp, The (2001) 356 Tango Bar (1933) 343 Stone, Sharon 48 Swap (1985) 351 tangos 337, 343, 349 Stoppard, Tom 4 Sweden 204, 211, 212, 213, 229, 250 comedy 338, 343 Straight Story, The (1999) 316, 320, see also Bergman mambos and 390 332, 358 Sweet Hereafter, The (1997) 189 Tangos (1985) 349 Stranger Than Paradise (1984) 313–15, 331 Sweet Home (1989) 266 Taoists see Daoism Strawberry and Chocolate (1993) 352 Switzerland 169, 175, 178, 277, 381 Tarantino, Quentin 54, 55, 58, 74, 75, 255 Strike (1925) 16 swordplay 53, 61, 72, 82, 144, 214 Tarantula (1955) 223, 261 Stritch, Elaine 137 swordplay analogy to 95 Tarantula Man (comic book) 271 structuralism 403 connection between writing and 91 Tartan see Metro-Tartan approach to cinema opposed to 395 one-armed 58 Tashigahara, Hiroshi 259 Studio Babelsberg 23 Swordswoman of Yellow River series Taxi Driver (1954) 167 studio system 38, 247, 298, 380, 403 (1929–32) 57 Technicolor 10, 279, 404 breakaway from classical conventions of Syde, Andrew 251n(21) techno-horror 209, 291(Q2) 272–3 Sympathy for Lady Vengeance (2005) 246 Teesri Manzil (1966) 165 Japan’s adoption of 258–9 Sympathy for Mr Vengeance (2002) 246 Tehran 326 success due to 2–3 synopsis 6, 404, 405 Tel Aviv 324 systems modeled on 243–4, 346 see also treatment Telegu language film industry 179 see also major studios; minor studios Syrian Bride, The (2004) 34, 126, 127, 142, telephoto lens 12, 109, 404, 405 Sturges, John 45, 74, 100, 101–5, 107, 255 144, 152, 156, 198–9 television 26, 27, 29, 119–20, 128, 182, 184, 267 Sturges, Preston 330 broadcasts of professional wrestling 226 Sturken, Marita 373n(7) 21 Grams (2003) 355 classic film inspiring a series and style 90, 244 27 Dresses (2008) 130, 149, 150, 156 sequels 104

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competing with movies for middle-class Time magazine 369 Tropicalismo 347 consumer dollars 307 Time Warner 6, 185 Trouble Every Day (2001) 243 consumer-oriented shows 155 Tingler, The (1959) 225, 248 Troy (2004) 39 coverage of conflicts 103 Titanic (1997) 68 Truffaut, François 18, 299, 379, 380, 381, early experiments with children’s Titas Ekti Nadir Naam (1973) 165 382, 384n(4) cartoons 259 Toho Studios 106, 107, 223, 257, 259, 287 Tsai Kuo Jung 89 film industry threatened by spread of 229 Tokugawa Japan 51, 62, 256, 257, 259 Tsang, Eric 67, 73 film that drew millions of viewers back see also Edo Tsotsi (2005) 355 into theatres 171 Tokyo 107, 254, 256, 259, 260, 262, 264, 267, 355 Tsui Hark 67, 68, 71, 73, 86, 237, 238 high-definition 398 eighteenth-century 52 Tulpan (2008) 152 Japan’s first animated series 264 first Japanese film screened in 257 Turkey 325–6 Latin American, popular fare in 358 subway Sarin gas attack (1995) 239, 258 Turner, Jann 134, 156, 325, 333 novel adapted for 291(Q5) Tokyo Story (1953) 259, 261 Tuscany 376 packaged products 185 Tolstoy, Leo 229 Twentieth-Century Fox 2, 6 replacing motion pictures 3 Tomei, Marisa 188 Twilight (2008) 212, 250 sci-fi serial adapted for big screen 225 Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) 89 Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Stars (1985) 67, 73 studios meet the challenges of 259 Toro, Guillermo del 218, 241, 242, 249, 250, Two-Lane Blacktop (1971) 314, 330 violent images from 320 282, 283–6, 345 Ten (2002) 326 Toronto 5 Ugetsu (1953) 224, 248, 258, 259, 262, 263, Ten Seconds to Hell (1959) 383 Torres, Gen. Juan José 339, 341 288, 289 Teo, Stephen 77n(17), 119, 122, 123nn Touch of Zen, A (1971) 44, 59, 76, 96 UK see Britain Tetsuo: The Iron Man (1989) 266 Touré, Moussa 325 Ukraine 23 Tetsuwan atomu see Astro Boy Tourneur, Jacques 221, 222, 248 Ulmer, Edgar 305, 330 Texas 239, 315, 260 Tours International Film Festival 24 Ulzana’s Raid (1972) 103 Texas Chain Saw Massacre, The (1974) 230, tracking shots 111, 148, 232, 404 Under Fire (1983) 354 231, 233, 235, 238 continuous 147 undercranking 319, 405 TGV Express, The (1997) 274, 325, 332 dizzying 278 Unforgiven (1992) 44, 48, 75 Thailand 44, 64, 68, 243, 246 long 299, 318 Uninvited, The 245 Thatcher, Margaret 230, 232 prolonged 30 United Artists 2, 100, 103, 104 Théâtre du Grand Guignol 216, 240 smooth 370 United States 23, 28, 34, 88 Thelma & Louise (1991) 294, 298, 316–17, ten-minute, notorious 301 art house audiences 89 319, 331, 360, 368, 369–73 uninterrupted 382 atomic weapons 223 Them! (1954) 223, 261 see also dolly shots box office revenues 5, 89 They Drive by Night (1940) 297, 299, 300, Tracy, Spencer 131, 132, 133, 146, 147 complex flows of Chinese talent, funding, 305, 330 Trans-Amazonian Highway 359 imagery and themes 87 Thing, The (1982) 273 transitions 8, 371, 404 co-production 349 Thing from Another World, The (1951) 262, gradual 402 creating new markets in 82 271, 273 sophisticated 15 DVD distributors 4 Third Cinema 18, 28, 347, 349, 404 transnational cinema 26, 405 editing technique 15 ideals closely allied to the goals of 337 Trapero, Pablo 332, 341, 356, 358 film titles with different names 64 transnational 343 trauma 219, 220, 223, 224, 288, 349 first ten years of motion pictures 20 Third World cinema 200 historical 208, 216, 217, 283 horror films 204, 241 Third Worldist militancy 337 national 242 international cooperation between This Is the Army (1943) 305 repressed 289 Britain and 26 Thornham, Sue 252n(24) unresolved 234 launching of the sound era 10 Three Caballeros (1944) 343 travel films 342 lion’s share of commercial Latin three-dimensional (3-D) photography 3, 11, 404 Travelers and Magicians (2003) 327, 332 American cinema imported by 226 Thulin, Ingrid 300 Travelling Players, The (1975) 321 manga following among young readers Thunder Over Mexico (1933) 343 Treasure of Silver Lake, The (1962) 44, 49, 74 in 264 Thurman, Uma 54, 55 treatment 6, 221, 379, 381, 382, 384n(4), 405 middle-class audience 20 Tiananmen Square events (China 1989) 81, 85 Trier, Lars von 324 output of films 6 Tibet 79, 89, 159, 327 Trinidad 175, 335 pact that made Japan a Cold War ally of 53 Tierney, Dolores 251n(21) Trip from the Mountains to the Sea (1910) 342 population and cars (1953) 307 Tierra del Fuego 360 Trip to the Moon, A (1902) 15 road movies 336 tilt shots 13, 404 Triplets of Belleville, The 4 sci-fi movies 262

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United States (cont’d ) Verbinski, Gore 250, 290–1 Warsaw 323 size of film industry 24, 82 Verdi, Giuseppe 277, 279 Warshow, Robert 39, 48, 76n(3) striking similarities between Brazil VHS (Video Home System) 11, 405 Watts, Naomi 290 and 346 Viacom 6 Way of the Dragon (1972) 44, 57, 64, 73, uneasy partnership between Japan and 266 Vibrator (2003) 328 77n(15), 118, 119–24 wedding films 127 video see VCRs; VHS Wayne, John 33, 48–9, 54, 83, 123n(5), 261, Western democracies allied with 23 video piracy 68 302–3, 306, 318 white wedding tradition 146 Videodrome (1983) 204, 210, 218, 235, 249, We’re Going to Eat You (1980) 238 youngsters excited by legends 51 266, 289, 291(Q2) Weaver, James 251n(4) see also African Americans; Chinese Vietnam 79, 80, 176, 347 Weaver, Sigourney 369 Americans; Clinton; Cold War; Vietnam war (1959–75) 48, 222, 229, 230, 266 Webber, Andrew Lloyd 170 Hollywood; Monroe Doctrine; MPAA; My Lai massacre and Tet Offensive (1968) Wedding, A (1978) 127, 138, 140, 147, 149, Native Americans; Reagan; Roosevelt; 103, 228 150, 155 Western hero; Westerns Vigo, Jean 18 Wedding, The (Smarzoski 2004) 126, 127, 133, Universal Studios 2, 6, 26, 37, 209, 211, 213, Villa, Pancho 342 141, 142, 150, 156 216, 221 Viña del Mar international festival (1967) 337 Wedding, The (Wajda 1973) 155 classic monsters 219–20, 224, 225, 232, Vinterberg, Thomas 324 Wedding Banquet, The (1993) 34, 35, 37, 247, 251n(10), 272 Visconti, Luchino 299, 377 88, 126, 127, 149, 151, 153, 155, 192, University of Guadalajara 285 Vitaphone 10 193–6 University of Southern California 273 Vivendi 6, 23 Wedding Crashers (2005) 34, 37, 136–7, University of Washington 119 Vlad III (the Impaler), Prince of 150, 154 Unknown Pleasures (2002) 81, 86 Romania 214 Wedding Director, The (2006) 126, 141, Untold Story, The (1993) 238 Vogler, Christopher 41, 98, 105(Q8), 144–5 154, 156 Urdu 160, 189 Vogler, Rüdiger 310 Wedding Dress, The (2001) 147 Uruguay 333, 335, 337, 341, 354, 356, 361, 365 voice-over narration 8, 149, 182, 222, 262, wedding films 36–7, 39, 365 see also Montevideo 388–9, 405 send-up montage of 313 Urumqi 79, 89 distinction between dialogue and 15 see also titles above and below prefixed USSR see Soviet Union Voight, Jon 297 Wedding; also under various titles, esp. Ustaoglu, Yesim 325 voodoo 221, 222 Chapter 2 (126–201) Utah 370 Voyage, The (1992) 333, 357, 365 Wedding in Galilee (1987) 126, 133, 142, 152, Voyage to Italy (1954) 299, 300, 321, 330, 383 155, 197, 198–201 Vacation (1983) 312 Voyages (1999) 323–4 Wedding Party, The (2005) 126, 140, 141, Vagabond, The (1951) see Awaara voyeurism 19, 168, 174, 227, 234, 272, 342, 154, 156 Vagabond, The (1985) 321, 331 365, 401 Wedding Planner, The (2001) 127, 130, 131, Valdés, Germán 344 Voytilla, Stuart 41 135–6, 147, 148, 156 Vallejo, Fernando 353 wedding scenes 153, 173 Valli, Alida 276, 277 Waco siege (1993) 239 memorable 128 Vampires in Havana (1985) 351 Wada-Marciano, Mitsuyo 252n(27), 268n(4) primal 130 Vampyr (1932) 211, 212, 247 Wages of Fear, The (1953) 294, 300, 301, 330 Wee, Valerie 291(Q7) Vampyros lesbos (1970) 213 Wajda, Andrzej 141, 155 Weekend (1967) 301, 330 Van Gogh, Vincent 280(Q3) Wallace, Tommy Lee 270, 273 Welles, Orson 8–9, 30, 32, 170, 343 Van Sant, Gus 317, 331 Wallach, Eli 100, 104 Wells, Paul 251n(13) Varda, Agnès 321, 331 Waller, Gregory 252n(25), 272, 275n(2) Wenders, Wim 300, 310, 314, 321, 330, 333, 365 Vardalos, Nia 127, 136, 181, 182, 184, 186(Q7) Walpole, Horace 215, 285 West Bank 198, 200 Vargas, Getúlio 346 Walsh, Raoul 74, 305, 330 Westbound (1959) 382 Variety Lights (1950) 375 Wanderer’s Shadow, The (2004) 356 Western (1997) 323, 332 Vaughn, Robert 100, 101, 104 Wang Dulu 89, 92 Western audiences 55, 98, 243 Vaughn, Vince 136 Wang Hui-lin 89 Chinese director accused of selling out to 61 VCRs (Video Cassette Recorders) 11, Wang, Wayne 83 desire to make an Eastern movie for 97 172, 405 Wang Xiaoshuai 81 English-speaking 17 Veerana: Vengeance of the Vampire (1988) 236 Warner Brothers 2, 6, 25, 64, 119, 122, 185, formulas/rituals familiar to 134, 143 Venezuela 335, 344, 354, 387 223, 312 Japanese director most readily embraced Venice 5, 324, 361 warrior hero movies 45–124, 128, 129, 144, by 261 Vera Cruz (film 1954) 104(Q4) 145, 179, 255 things that may be unfamiliar to 194 Vera Cruz (production company) 346, 347 global map of 44 Western hero 34, 47–50, 104(Q2), 123(Q5), 261

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new type of 101 Wild Angels, The (1966) 307, 330 main male characters 92 role assumed by choice 54–5 Wild at Heart (1990) 320 mainland aesthetics of earlier fiction 94 samurai and 45–7 Wild Bunch, The (1969) 101, 103, 273 style of the great masterpieces 90 Westerns 3, 38, 39, 44, 52, 56, 62, 80, 96, 104, Wild One, The (1953) 303, 307, 330 swordplay 72, 214 115, 117(Q2), 179, 209, 346 Wild Strawberries (1957) 300, 321, 330 typical moments of stylized aggression 95 aerial shot evoking 314 Wilding, Raelene 157n(3) woman warrior then and now 59 archetypal figures in 144 Willemen, Paul 179n(3) Wyler, William 103 comparing Bruce Lee to a gunslinger Williams, Robin 145 Wyoming 88 123(Q5) Williams, Tony 231, 251n(21), 252n(23), 272, Wyspianski, Stanislaw 141 contemporary 273 275n(1) cross-fertilization of samurai and 57 Williams, Van 119 X: The Unknown (1955) 262 debt of samurai movies to 255 Willis, Sharon 373n(2) Xala (1975) 152, 155 evolution from Ford to Tarantino 54 Wilson, Owen 136 Xica da Silva (1977) 348 face-offs in 363 Wilson, Rita 181, 184 Xochimilco 344 foundational beliefs in 105(Q8) Wind Journeys, The (2009) 362–3, 364 historical settings of samurai and 51 Winick, Gary 156 Y tu mamá también (2001) 25, 329, 332, 336, importance of 306 Winners and Sinners (1983) 67, 73 341, 354, 361, 389 inspirational 107 Winnetou films 49 Yablans, Irwin 273 mixture of science fiction and 398 Winnipeg 184 Yagher, Kevin 235 new type of 101 Winter’s Tale, A (1992) 324 Yamanaka, Sadao 52, 73, 259 nostalgic 302 wipes 404, 405 Yamomoto, Kajiro 107 popularity of 226 Wisconsin 320 Yang, Edward 82 self-conscious references to 311 Without a Trace (2000) 360 Yaqub, Nadia 199, 201(Q4), 201nn(3–4) sometimes used to comment on Vietnam Wittgenstein, Ludwig 209, 251n(7) Yedekar, Ram 116 war 103 Wizard of Oz, The (1939) 296, 299, 329 Yeelen (1987) 325 stage for acting out aggressive impulses 55 Wolf Creek (2005) 204, 208, 234, 250, 298 Yeh, Emilie Yueh-yu 87, 98n(2) typical 37, 101, 363 Wolf Man, The (1941) 219–20, 221, 248 Yellow Earth (1984) 81, 85 vampire 213 Wolfe, Tom 302 Yeoh, Michelle 88–9, 90 wedding movies contrasted to 128 Woman Basketball Player No. 5 (1957) 81 Yojimbo (1961) 45, 50, 74, 107, 261 see also curry Westerns; spaghetti Woman Bodyguard (1931) 57 You Only Live Once (1937) 371 Westerns Woman in the Dunes (1964) 259 Young and the Damned, The (1950) 344 Wet Haired Beauty (1961) 54 Women, The (1939) 147 Yu, Ronny 239 Whale, James 220, 247, 248 Wong Fei-hung 68, 70, 72 Yuen Woping 66, 71, 73, 89, 95 Whale Rider (2002) 97 Wong, Raymond 67 Yugoslavia 23, 49 What Lies Beneath (2000) 240, 250 Woo, John 68, 76, 83, 86 Yunnan 328 What’s Cooking? (2000) 176 Wood, Robin 252n(25) Yup, Tim 89 Wheels on Meals (1984) 66, 73 Worland, Rick 209, 251n(6) When the Stars Meet the Sea (1996) 325 World Bank 342 Zanzibar 305 Whispering Corridors (1998) 244, 245 World Is Big and Salvation Lurks Around the Zatoichi Blind Swordsman series 58 White Anglo-Saxon Protestant caricatures 183 Corner, The (2008) 323 Zemeckis, Robert 39, 240, 250, 331 White Night Wedding (2008) 126, 127, 135, 156 World Trade Organization 4 Zen Buddhists 53 White Sheik, The (1952) 375 World War II (1939–45) 3, 80, 103, 107, 241, Zhang Shichuan 57, 75 White Wedding (2009) 126, 134, 156, 294, 259, 305, 341, 349, 375, 381 Zhang Yang 153 325, 333 resurrecting the ghosts of 224 Zhang Yimou 5, 33, 58, 59–61, 62, 68, 72, 81, Who Am I to You? see HAHK Written in the Wind (1956) 173 86–7, 91, 153, 188, 328 wide-angle lens 12, 70, 405 Wrong Move (1974) 310 Zhang Ziyi 55, 58, 59, 88, 90 widescreen format 101, 103, 104(Q5), 394, Wu Lizhu 57 Zhangke Jia 81, 86 398, 400, 405 Wu Suxin 57 Zindeeq (2009) 200 super 11 Wu Yonggang 80–1 Zischler, Hanns 310 unsqueezing the image in a projector to wuxia 44, 55–6, 62, 63, 75–6, 80, 87, 123(Q5), Zoetrope 10 create an image 392 179, 405 zombie films 208, 221, 222, 228, 229, used to advantage 274 conventions of the genre 97 247, 248 Widow of Montiel, The (1979) 354 epic romance series 92 Zwick, Edward 74 Wiene, Robert 18, 217, 247 evolution of the hero 57–9 Zwick, Joel 156, 181

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