Landfill and Surcharging Report (V5)

H A M P S H I R E

CITIES OF PORTSMOUTH & SOUTHAMPTON AND NEW FOREST & SOUTH DOWNS NATIONAL PARKS

Hampshire Minerals & Waste Plan

ASSESSMENT OF NEED FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES IN HAMPSHIRE:

LANDFILL AND SURCHARGING REPORT

Version 5 (Submission)

February 2012

Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Executive Summary 4 1 Introduction 7 1.1 Purpose of the report 7 1.2 Objective of the report 7 1.3 Structure of the report 8 2 Policy Context and Legislation 10 2.1 Local planning policy 10 2.2 National planning policy 10 2.3 Relevant Legislation 13 3 What is Landfill? 16 3.1 What is Landfill? 16 3.2 What is Surcharging and Land Raising? 19 4 Landfill requirements in Hampshire 21 4.1 The need for landfill 21 4.2 Hampshire's current waste arisings requiring landfill 22 4.3 Waste from outside Hampshire landfilled in Hampshire 28 4.3.1 London's Waste 29 4.4 Total waste requiring landfill in Hampshire 31 5 Destination of Hampshire's waste which requires landfill 32 5.1 Location of landfill in Hampshire 33 5.2 Landfill capacity in Hampshire 38 5.3 Location of landfill outside Hampshire 41 5.4 Landfill capacity outside Hampshire 45 6 Site requirements and potential impacts 48 6.1 Landfill site requirements 48 6.2 Potential impacts from landfill 48 6.3 Licensing and operation of Hampshire's landfills 50 6.4 Opportunities associated with landfill development 51 7 Locational constraints and opportunities 53 7.1 Proximity to sensitive receptors 54 7.2 Water resources 55 7.3 Designated conservation areas 57 7.4 Landscape 58 7.5 Access 59 7.6 Summary of locational constriants 60 8 Opportunites for landfill in Hampshire (sieve analysis) 61 8.1 Identifying opportunities for landfill in Hampshire 61 8.2 Sites previously considered 64 8.3 Other potential opportunities for landfill 65 9 Estimating landfill depletion 66 9.1 Landfill depletion scenarios 66 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

10 Conclusions 71 10.1 Estimated arisings requiring landfill 71 10.2 Possible locations for non-hazardous landfill in Hampshire 71 10.3 Assessment of estimating future waste arisings requiring landfill 72 10.4 Summary 74 Glossary 75 Appendices 1 Constraint Details 77 2 Sites considered for landfill 86 3 List of referenced documents 98 Figures Figure 1 The Waste Hierarchy 12 Figure 2 Destination of Hampshire's landfilled waste by Local Authority (2009) 23 Figure 3 Amount of Hampshire's waste landfilled in Hampshire or elsewhere in 2009 26 Figure 4 Non-hazardous landfill depletion scenarios (2011-2030) 68 Figure 5 Non-hazardous landfill depletion scenarios (2011-2030) including additional void 69 at Squabb Wood Figure 6 Non-hazardous landfill depletion scenarios (2011-2030) including additional void 70 at Squabb Wood & Purple Haze Maps Map 1 Permitted landfill & inert fill sites in Hampshire in 2011 33 Map 2 Inactive landfill & inert fill sites in Hampshire (2011) 35 Map 3 Non-hazardous landfill locations in nearby local authorities 43 Map 4 Sensitive Receptors: Hampshire Urban Areas 54 Map 5 Water Resources: Principal Groundwater Aquifer 55 Map 6 Water Resources: Groundwater Source Protection Zones I - III 56 Map 7 Water Resources: Surface Water Floodplain and High Probability Flood Zone 56 Map 8 Designated Conservation Areas: International and National Conservation Designations 57 Map 9 National Landscape and Heritage Designations 58 Map 10 Access: Strategic, Primary and Local Road/Route Networks and Rail Network 59 Map 11 Total Constrained Area in Hampshire 61 Map 12 Total Hampshire Constraints with unconstrained Landfill Sites presented 62 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Tables Table 2.3.1 Targets set by the EU Landfill Directive and what this means for Hampshire 14 Table 4.2.1 Amount of Hampshire's waste which is landfilled (by landfill type) in 2009 22 Table 4.2.2 Amount of Hampshire's waste which is landfilled (by landfill type) in 2010 24 Table 4.2.3 Hazardous waste exported for landfill from Hampshire (2010) 24 Table 4.2.4 Hazardous waste types exported from Hampshire for landfill (2010) 25 Table 4.2.5 Recorded amount of Hampshire's waste landfilled (by waste type) in 2009 26 Table 4.2.6 Recorded amount of Hampshire's waste landfilled (by waste type) in 2010 27 Table 4.3.1 Waste deposited in Hampshire by origin and landfill type (2009) 28 Table 4.3.2 Hazardous waste imported to Hampshire for landfill (2010) 29 Table 4.3.1.1 Landfill Provision to be made for London's Waste 29 Table 4.3.1.2 Active Hampshire Landfill sites accepting non-hazardous waste 30 Table 4.3.1.3 The volume of London's waste deposited in Hampshire (2006-2009) 30 Table 4.3.1.4 Type of waste facility that dealt with London's waste (2006-2009) 30 Table 5.1.1 Permitted landfill / inert fill sites in Hampshire (Dec 2011) 34 Table 5.1.2 Inactive landfill & inert fill in Hampshire 36 Table 5.1.3 Gas and Leachate management at landfills in Hampshire 37 Table 5.2.1 Non-hazardous landfill void capacity - existing and potential 38 Table 5.2.2 Inert fill void capacity - existing and potential 39 Table 5.3.1 Location of landfills in nearby local authorities 41 Table 5.3.2 Location of nearest hazardous landfills to Hampshire 44 Table 5.4.1 Landfill void capacity in Hampshire and nearby Local Authorities (31/12/10) 45 Table 5.4.2 Non-hazardous landfill void, waste input and estimated landfill life (31/12/10) 45 Table 5.4.3 Landfill deposits of Hampshire's waste in 2009 by WPA (tonnes) 46 Table 5.4.4 Landfill deposits of Hampshire's waste in 2009 by WPA (percent) 46 Table 7.0.1 Summary of considerations and opportunities from the EU Landfill Directive 53 Table 8.1.1 List of landfills in Hampshire, potentially suitable for surcharging 62 Table 9.1.1 Landfill capacity requirement for Hampshire's waste 67 Table 10.2.1 Summary of opportunities for Non-hazardous landfill or surcharging in 72 Hampshire Table 10.3.1 Estimated non-hazardous waste destined for landfill in Hampshire 73 Table 10.3.2 Estimated additional non-hazardous landfill capacity required to 2030 73 Table 10.3.3 Identified additional non-hazardous landfill capacity 74 75 Table A.1 Urban Areas in Hampshire 78 Table A.2 Designated Principal Aquifers in Hampshire 79 Table A.3 International Conservation Designations in Hampshire 80 Table A.4 National Conservation Designations in Hampshire 81 Table A.5 National Landscape Designations in Hampshire 82 Table A.6 National Heritage Designations in Hampshire (A) 83 Table A.7 National Heritage Designations in Hampshire (B) 84 Table A.8 Access Constraints: Hampshire Minerals and Waste Lorry Routes 85 Table A.9 Sites nominated for disposal to land (listed by relevant district) 87 4 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Executive Summary

What is the purpose of this report?

This report is one of several background documents prepared as supporting evidence for the Hampshire Minerals and Waste Plan. The Plan will indicate what additional waste management infrastructure will be required up to 2030 and therefore needs to be underpinned by an 'assessment of need'. This assessment should be based on an understanding of Hampshire's waste management baseline and how this is likely to change.

The purpose of this report is to present findings from research and data analysis undertaken by Hampshire County Council which is based on information available from a number of sources. The key sources of information include the Environment Agency and commerce and industry.

How much waste requiring landfill is currently generated in Hampshire?

The recorded arisings of waste landfilled in 2009 was approximately 600,000 tonnes. However this figure includes inert waste used in the restoration of old quarries in Hampshire. This a beneficial use of waste and not regarded as landfill but 'recovery'. The total amount of Hampshire's non-hazardous waste(1) landfilled in 2009 was 414,000 tonnes. In 2010, this figure fell to 353,000 tonnes(2).

Where is Hampshire's waste landfilled?

Hampshire's waste that requires landfill is disposed both within and outside Hampshire and is dependent on the location of the appropriate treatment or disposal facility. In Hampshire, waste is landfilled at Blue Haze (near Ringwood), Squabb Wood (near Romsey) and Pound Bottom (Redlynch). The principal destinations in recent years outside Hampshire have been to landfills in the neighbouring waste planning authorities of Dorset (21% of total waste to non-hazardous landfill), Berkshire (12%), Wiltshire (10%), West Sussex (7%) and Surrey (6%)(3).

The Waste Planning Authority has no control over the treatment of non-municipal wastes and thus waste often moves across administrative boundaries for commercial reasons. One of the key market drivers in this case is the 'gate fee' at landfill sites.

How much waste can the existing landfills in Hampshire manage?

If Hampshire's waste for landfill was only landfilled in Hampshire, the capacity of the existing permitted non-hazardous landfill infrastructure in Hampshire is thought to be sufficient until around 2018/2019 based upon an averaged amount of recent waste deposits from 2007-2010.

However, market conditions are likely to affect the choice of landfill destination, both within and outside Hampshire, in the coming years so the amount landfilled in Hampshire may increase or decrease which would change the estimated date above.

1 Classified as household, commercial and industrial wastes 2 This is a figure based upon the latest Environment Agency data available for 2009 and 2010. 3 As recorded by the Environment Agency in 2009 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 5

Will waste requiring landfill still be required by the year 2030?

Yes, there is likely to be some waste (such as waste treatment residues) that require landfill even if recycling and recovery of waste continues to increase, but it is expected that this will be reduced to less than 5% of total waste arisings. The amount of waste requiring landfill will also depend on future waste arisings. Factors such as economic growth and the likely increase in population (and households) can influence waste production and the amount of waste that requires landfilling.

Current and future legislation will also have a bearing on the number and type of waste facilities required. The European Union revised Waste Framework Directive (2008) and Water Framework Directive are likely to be the main drivers in this regard - as well as the UK's landfill tax escalator. There is the possibility that these drivers could completely eliminate the need for landfill. There are technologies which can convert all waste residues to beneficial products and as landfill costs rise and opportunities decline this could be competitive. However, it is unwise to plan for 0% landfill and 95% recycling and recovery rate is a realistic assumption on which to base future requirements.

What landfill facilities will be required to manage Hampshire's waste in future

There is a need for additional capacity to deal with Hampshire's non-hazardous waste destined for landfill. This need could be met by surcharging existing landfills and/or the development of a suitable new area for landfill. It is expected that waste destined for landfill will continue to move across administrative boundaries so landfills in neighbouring areas will continue to play a part in dealing with Hampshire's landfill requirements. Nevertheless, virtually all Hampshire's needs can be planned within Hampshire. Alternatively, additional recycling/recovery capacity can be planned if the need is demonstrated to compensate for landfill export. Either approach will allow Hampshire to achieve net self sufficiency.

In addition, landfill void (or a 'cell' within a non-hazardous landfill) for asbestos (a stable non-reactive hazardous waste) is estimated to be required over the plan period.

Next steps

This document forms part of the evidence base supporting the approach laid out in the Hampshire Minerals & Waste Plan. The Plan contains a number of policies specific to the location and type of waste facilities, which have been informed by the information in this document. The Hampshire Minerals & Waste Plan will be subject to a consultation on its 'soundness' and an Examination by a Planning Inspector. Following that Examination, the Inspector will report his findings and state whether the Plan (possibly with amendments) is 'sound' (or fit for purpose) and can proceed towards 'adoption' (by the planning authorities).

Further Information

For a summary on all wastes managed in Hampshire, please see the Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Waste Data Summary Report.

To view a report on the need for specialist wastes facilities in Hampshire, please see the Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Specialist Waste Facilities Report.

For further information on this study, the Minerals and Waste Plan and supporting documents, please see:

visit the website at: http://www3.hants.gov.uk/planning-policy-home.htm visit the consultation portal at: http://consult.hants.gov.uk/portal 6 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Planning Policy County Planning Economy, Transport & Environment Department Hampshire County Council Floor 1, Elizabeth II Court West Winchester SO23 8UD Email: [email protected] Tel: 0845 603 5634 (Contact Centre - Hantsdirect) or 01962 845517

All plans reproduced within this document meet copyright of the data suppliers Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. HCC 100019180 2011. © Environment Agency Copyright 2010. All rights reserved. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 7

1 Introduction

1.0.1 Hampshire County Council (HCC), Portsmouth City Council (PCC), Southampton City Council (SCC),the New Forest National Park Authority (NFNPA) and the South Downs National Park Authority (SDNPA) - hereafter referred to as 'Hampshire' - are jointly preparing the Hampshire Minerals and Waste Plan (HMWP). The HMWP comprises a suite of documents that consists of a central plan, which is supported by evidence studies, such as this. The HMWP sets out the long term spatial vision of delivering minerals and waste planning in Hampshire.

1.0.2 Over recent history, Hampshire has built up an excellent reputation of dealing with household waste sustainably in terms of improvements to recycling, using unavoidable waste to recover energy and diverting waste from landfill. Hampshire already diverts around 90% of its municipal waste (which is mostly household waste) from landfill and aims to play its part in meeting the national diversion from landfill targets. A key policy component of the HMWP is to minimise landfill within the county.

1.0.3 In addition, Planning Policy Statement 10; Planning for Sustainable Waste Management (PPS10)(4)refers to the key planning objective of 'helping to deliver sustainable development through driving waste management up the waste hierarchy', addressing waste as a resource and looking to disposal (landfill) as the last option, though an option that must still be adequately catered for. However, even with Hampshire's high diversion rates, landfill is still required to deal with the residual wastes which cannot be reused, recycled or recovered. Therefore, landfill still has a part to play in the management of waste in Hampshire, albeit a small one.

1.0.4 It was previously envisaged that the adopted Hampshire Minerals and Waste Core Strategy (2007), would be supported by two separate documents (i.e. the Hampshire Waste Plan and Hampshire Minerals Plan) this is now being replaced by the Hampshire Minerals and Waste Plan (HMWP). This Plan includes spatial policies on the control and location of minerals and waste developments up to 2030 in a single combined document.

1.1 Purpose of the report

1.1.1 This study focuses on issues associated with planning for landfills, surcharging and land raising, and identifies where these activities already taken place in Hampshire, consideration of site requirements, potential impacts and the locational constraints associated with this type of development. The study also seeks to identify what opportunities there are for landfilling, landraising and surcharging based on the constraints identified in this study.

1.2 Objective of the report

1. To help demonstrate that the management of waste destined for landfill is an important planning issue locally and that some types of wastes destined for landfill are of greater significance in the Hampshire context than others.

2. To provide information on how landfill sites are planned for, regulated and controlled.

3. To report findings following an assessment of the need for different types of landfill facilities in Hampshire.

4. To make recommendations as to how any shortfalls in provision may be addressed to encourage Hampshire to be net self-sufficient in the disposal of waste.

4 Planning Policy Statement 10 Planning for Sustainable Waste Management (PPS10) - http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/planningandbuilding/planningpolicystatement10 8 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

1.3 Structure of the report

1.3.1 This study is one of several background documents prepared as supporting evidence for the Hampshire Minerals & Waste Plan. All background evidence that has been prepared is available online at http://consult.hants.gov.uk/portal.

1.3.2 This report has been prepared by Hampshire County Council's Planning Officers in co-operation with the joint member Authorities. The report summarises data analysed from a number of sources, and is covered in more detail in other evidence studies which will be signposted as appropriate.

1.3.3 Following the introductory section, this report is structured as follows.

Section 2 explains the policy context and legislation from a local, regional and European position which influence how landfill facilities are planned for, controlled and managed.

Sections 3-5 provide an overview of landfill, surcharging and land raising. It also set out the existing requirement for landfill provision for managing Hampshire's waste arisings as well as the imports and exports of waste for landfill.

Sections 6-7 set out the site requirements and potential impacts of landfill. These sections also looks at locational constraints and opportunities for landfill in Hampshire.

Section 8 explains the 'sieve analysis' that was undertaken to identify opportunities for landfill, land raise and surcharging in Hampshire.

Section 9 shows a number of landfill depletion scenarios.

Finally, Section 10 summarises the study findings and recommends how the findings could be taken into account in plan preparation.

1.3.4 Various technical terms are referred to throughout this report and key definitions will be provided where necessary. A glossary is also provided at the end of this report.

1.3.5 It is important that an appropriate and proportionate amount of evidence is available to support the Hampshire Minerals & Waste Plan. It is important that the evidence is as up-to-date as practical, having regard to what may have changed since the evidence was collected(5).

When will the information be updated? Waste data is regularly being reviewed and updated by other organisations and therefore this report has undergone revision in light of improved data availability. In the longer term, Hampshire's landfill provision will continue to be analysed and reported by Hampshire County Council in the Minerals and Waste Annual Monitoring Reports and/or at www.hants.gov.uk/county-planning.

5 DCLG (2009) Planning Policy Statement 12: creating strong safe and prosperous communities through Local Spatial Planning. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 9

What geographic area does the waste data cover?

Hampshire County Council in partnership with Southampton City Council, Portsmouth City Council and the New Forest and South Downs National Park Authorities are the 'Joint Plan Making Authorities' responsible for producing the Hampshire Minerals and Waste Plan. Any reference to 'Hampshire' can be taken to mean the 'plan area' unless specifically identified as the Local Authority.

Data for 'Hampshire' shown throughout this report is that which applies to the plan area described above (unless stated otherwise). Secondary data sources do not typically provide data for the geographic areas defined for the purposes of planning, and often the data has been manipulated for this purpose. 10 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

2 Policy Context and Legislation

2.0.1 The move away from the landfill of waste has been supported by recent European and national legislation and guidance which has been designed to avert its use as a waste management method in favour of more sustainable resource efficient methods.

2.0.2 The policies, plans and programmes commonly refer only to landfill, however it should be noted that their provisions are also relevant in most instances to the land raising and surcharging of waste.

2.1 Local planning policy

2.1.1 This evidence study has helped to inform the policy approach taken in the Hampshire Minerals and Waste Plan . As such, the Plan should be referred to in order to view how the information contained in this document has shaped the Plan. The relevant policies are;

Policy 24: Sustainable waste management development Policy 26: Capacity requirements for waste management development Policy 29: Construction, demolition and excavation waste development Policy 31: Non-hazardous waste landfill Policy 32: Hazardous waste landfill

2.2 National planning policy

National and regional strategy and planning policy

2.2.1 National and regional planning policy for waste is currently contained in Planning Policy Statements (PPSs), but these are being reviewed. The National Waste Management Plan(6) which carries out the requirements of the revised Waste Framework Directive (see below) currently comprises the following:

Planning for Sustainable Waste Management - Planning Policy 10 (PPS10), Waste Strategy 2007 The National Waste Prevention Plan National Policy Statements (on Hazardous Waste and Waste Water) All Waste Development Plan Documents

2.2.2 The key regulations (on landfill), national and regional strategies and national planning policy are shown below. There are a number of national policies, regulations and strategy which guide local policies and also implement European Union 'Directives' (explained later).

Government review of waste policy

2.2.3 The Government has undertaken a review and produced a report(7) and Action Plan(8) into the existing waste policy which may lead to changes in the National Waste Management Plan. In respect of landfill policy, it states:

Continuation of the landfill tax escalator towards a ceiling of £80 per tonne in 2014/15; A consultation (in 2012) to introducing a restriction on the landfilling of wood waste;

6 Defra will be taking forward work to produce a National Waste Management Plan for England which will replace WS2007 as the “national waste management plan” ... From the Government Review of Waste Policy in England 2011 - Action Plan - http://www.defra.gov.uk/publications/files/pb13542-action-plan-.pdf 7 Government Review of Waste Policy in England 2011 (published June 2011) - http://www.defra.gov.uk/publications/files/pb13540-waste-policy-review110614.pdf 8 Government Review of Waste Policy in England 2011: Action Plan - http://www.defra.gov.uk/publications/files/pb13542-action-plan-.pdf Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 11

A review of the case to restrict on sending other materials to landfill, primariliy biodegradeable waste and textiles. An end to the Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme (LATS) after completion of the 2012/13 scheme year

2.2.4 The draft National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)(9) was published in July 2011, and although light on specific references to waste policy, it is likely to have some impact on waste policy when it published in its final form. Until the National Waste Management Plan is adopted in 2013, Planning for Sustainable Waste Management (PPS10) is in place.

2.2.5 The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) consulted on draft guidance on the legal definition of waste and its application to help stakeholders decide whether a substance has become waste or not, and when a substance can be considered recovered, i.e. has ceased to be waste, according to case law(10).

Planning Policy Statement 10: Planning for Sustainable Waste Management

2.2.6 Planning Policy Statement 10 (PPS10): Planning for Sustainable Waste Management (2005, amended March 2011)(11) sets out the Governments policy to be taken into account by Minerals and Waste Planning Authorities and forms part of the National Waste Management Plan. PPS10 aims to provide clarity on what is required at local levels to help ensure the delivery of sustainable waste management.

2.2.7 The key planning objectives include:

greater emphasis on the Waste Hierarchy; provision of facilities to meet the communities needs; implementing legislation and targets; the delivery of waste management without endangering human health or harming the environment; ensure that waste is disposed of as close as possible to its source.

2.2.8 PPS10 also seeks to ensure that the interests of business, the community and collection authorities are reflected and the potential benefits of sustainable waste management are taken into consideration through the consideration of planning applications.

Waste Strategy 2000 (updated 2007)

2.2.9 The government vision for sustainable waste management - Waste Strategy (2007)(12) - sets out the changes required to deliver more sustainable development for waste, and a number of key waste management principles which should underpin waste management decision, these included:

9 Draft National Planning Policy Framework (July 2011) - http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/planningandbuilding/draftframework 10 This new guidance will substitute the obsolete DOE Circular 11/94, which had offered interpretation on the European Directives definition of waste before subsequent European Court of Justice rulings. The consultation closed on 12 April 2010 See www.defra.gov.uk for further details 11 Planning Policy Statement 10 (PPS10): Planning for Sustainable Waste Management -http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/1876202.pdf 12 Waste Strategy (2007) - http://archive.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/strategy/strategy07/documents/waste07-strategy.pdf 12 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

The Waste Hierarchy: The Waste Hierarchy sets out the preference for different waste management approaches. The intention is that decision makers on waste management will give greater weight to those methods at the top of the hierarchy. Proximity principle: The proximity principle emphasises that waste should be managed as close as possible to its source, to minimise the environmental impacts caused by the transportation of waste; and Regional self sufficiency: Regional self sufficiency aims to ensure that waste is managed within the region that it arises, by providing sufficient facilities to manage the capacity for at least 10 years.

Figure 1 The Waste Hierarchy

2.2.10 The Waste Strategy (2007) also sets a number of targets to increase the recycling of municipal(13) waste. These targets are shown below along with the previous targets from Waste Strategy 2000 shown in brackets:

To recycle and compost at least (25%) of household waste by 2005; To recycle and compost at least 40% (30%) of household waste by 2010; To recycle and compost at least 45% (33%) of household waste by 2015. To recycle and compost at least 50% of household waste by 2020.

The South East Plan (Regional Spatial Strategy)

2.2.11 The South East Plan (2009)(14)contains a number of policies which relate to the landfilling of waste, particularly the requirement to accept a portion of London's waste, destined for landfill, from 2016.

2.2.12 Hampshire acknowledges that it is the Government's intention to revoke Regional Spatial Strategies through the Localism Bill (2010), and as a result, the regional policies which guided landfill requirements will be considered obsolete. National policy will then guide policy development on this issue. However, until this occurs, the regional policies are still relevant to Hampshire.

13 The definition of 'municipal' waste was changed in 2010 to better define the proportions of waste collected from households and that from businesses by Local Authorities - these terms are now referred to as Local Authority Collected Municipal Waste (LACMW) and Local Authority Collected Waste (LACW) - see Defra's website for further details about Local Authority collected waste (Definition of Terms) - http://www.defra.gov.uk/statistics/environment/waste/la-definition/ 14 The South East Plan (2009)- http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100528142817/http://www.gos.gov.uk/gose/planning/regionalPlanning/815640/ Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 13

2.3 Relevant Legislation

2.3.1 The European Union (EU) has adopted a number of Directives aimed at harmonising waste management and disposal policies throughout Europe and guaranteeing environmental protection. These Directives are being progressively implemented through UK legislation(15).

Waste Framework Directive

2.3.2 The Waste Framework Directive (WFD; Directive 2006/12/EC on waste) contains the definition of waste which is used to establish whether a material is a waste or not. The WFD also requires member states of the EU to establish both a network of disposal facilities and the competent authorities with responsibility for issuing waste management authorisations and licences. Member States may also introduce regulations which specify which waste recovery operations and businesses are exempt from the licensing regimes and the conditions for those exemptions.

2.3.3 In December 2008, the new, revised Waste Framework Directive (rWFD; Directive 2008/98/EC) came into force, amending some articles of the Waste Framework Directive 2006/12/EC. The revised WFD has been largely implemented in the UK through the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (as amended), the Duty of Care and Carriers and Brokers regimes and regulations, and the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010. Technical Guidance on the planning implications is expected to be published soon.

Landfill Directive

2.3.4 The Landfill Directive (Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste) supplements the requirements of the WFD by specifying uniform technical standards at European Community level and sets out requirements for the location, management, engineering, closure and monitoring for landfills. The Directive also includes requirements relating to the characteristics of the waste to be landfilled; these are supplemented by Council Decision 03/33/EC, which establishes criteria and procedures for the acceptance of waste at landfills. The Landfill Directive and Council Decision 2003/33/EC are implemented by Schedule 10 of the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations (EPR) 2010.

2.3.5 The main aim of the directive was to prevent and reduce, as far as possible, the negative effects on the environment, and to human health, from the landfilling of waste. The directive seeks to achieve this by requiring higher engineering standards for the design and operation of landfills, whilst and prohibiting a number of waste materials (e.g. hazardous liquids, flammable, corrosive and explosive waste and infectious wastes) from being landfilled.

15 Further information is available from Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and the Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) websites 14 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

2.3.6 The Directive also introduced clear classification of landfill (hazardous, non hazardous and inert) and requires that almost all waste is treated prior to landfill, through reducing its volume or hazardous nature, facilitating its handling, or enhancing its recovery. The Directive set a number of targets to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal waste landfilled. These are shown in the following table;

Table 2.3.1 Targets set by the EU Landfill Directive and what this means for Hampshire

Target What this means for Hampshire

By 2010 reduce biodegradable municipal waste landfilled to Reduce waste landfilled to 351,052 tonnes 75% of that produced in 1995

By 2013 reduce biodegradable municipal waste landfilled to Reduce waste landfilled to 233,826 tonnes 50% of that produced in 1995

By 2020 reduce biodegradable municipal waste landfilled to Reduce waste landfilled to 163,615 tonnes 35% of that produced in 1995

2.3.7 The European Union (EU) has adopted a number of Directives aimed at harmonising waste management and disposal policies throughout Europe and guaranteeing environmental protection. These Directives are being progressively implemented through UK legislation(16).

Landfill (England and Wales) Regulations 2002

2.3.8 The EU's Landfill Directive was transposed into the Landfill (England and Wales) Regulations 2002(17). One of the legislative tools driving compliance with the directive is the Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme (LATS) which was brought in under the Waste and Emissions Trading (WET) Act 2004(18).

2.3.9 This provided specific tonnage reduction targets for biodegradable wastes that local waste disposal authorities (such as Hampshire) send to landfill and a permit trading scheme that penalised authorities who do not meet their targets, but reward those who do.

2.3.10 The Landfill Directive is also supported by taxation of each tonne of material landfilled - Landfill Tax. In the UK, the landfill tax escalator is set to continue to increase by £8 per tonne per year until at least 2014/15(19). The rate for the 2011/2012 tax year for Landfill Tax is:

£56 per tonnes for 'active' waste (biodegradable e.g. food, plastics, wood, etc.) £2.50 per tonne for 'inactive' or inert waste (concrete, brick, glass, soil, clay, gravel, etc.)

2.3.11 The landfill site operator is responsible for paying landfill tax, however, this cost is passed on to businesses and local councils on top of normal landfill fees. The 'gate fee' which includes both the landfill tax and the disposal costs has become the 'key driver' encouraging more waste away from landfill year on year. This gate fee (including landfill tax) is currently between £68 and £111, typically around £80(20) per tonne.

16 Further information is available from the Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) and Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) websites) 17 The Landfill (England and Wales) Regulations 2002 - http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1559/contents/made 18 Waste and Emissions Trading (WET) Act 2004 - this legislation put measures introduced by the EC Landfill Directive into effect in the UK. The act established the need for a national strategy for the reduction of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) sent to landfill - http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/33/contents 19 This will mean that landfill tax will be £64 in 2012, £72 in 2013, and £80 in 2014. 20 2011 Gate Fees Report - Comparing the cost of alternative waste treatment options - http://www.wrap.org.uk/recycling_industry/publications/wrap_gate_fees.html Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 15

Environmental Protection Legislation

2.3.12 The Environmental Protection Act 1990 Part II, provides the basis for licensing controls and other provisions aimed at ensuring that waste handling, disposal and recovery options do not harm the environment. It also states that responsibility for waste rests on all parties involved in its management; from the original producer to everybody who handles it up until its full recovery or disposal. To this end it introduced the 'Duty of Care'. The Waste Management (England and Wales) Regulations 2006 (SI 2006 No. 937) introduced amendments to the Act, including an extension of the definition of industrial waste to include agricultural and mining and quarrying waste, which therefore become controlled wastes.

2.3.13 The Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Regulations 1991, as amended, require anyone who produces, imports, carries, keeps, treats or disposes of controlled waste from business or industry or acts as a waste broker in this respect has a duty to ensure that any waste produced is handled safely and in accordance with the law. The Regulations have been amended by the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 and 2010 to introduce the new environmental permitting terminology.

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive

2.3.14 The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (the IPPC Directive; Directive 2008/1/EC) aims to minimise pollution to air, water and soil from various industrial sources throughout the European Union. Operators of industrial and waste installations covered by Annex I of the IPPC Directive are required to obtain an authorisation (environmental permit) from the authorities in the EU countries. The regulators set permit conditions to achieve a high level of protection for the environment. The conditions are based on 'Best Available Techniques', which take into account costs to the operators versus benefits to the environment. The IPPC Directive is implemented in England and Wales by the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010. The most polluting activities (i.e. Part A(1) activities) are regulated by the Environment Agency, while less polluting activities (Part A(2) and Part (B)) are regulated by Local Authorities. 16 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

3 What is Landfill?

3.1 What is Landfill?

3.1.1 The landfill of waste involves the controlled infilling of voids in the ground, which have usually been created through the extraction of minerals, such as sand and gravel. In the majority of cases, landfills in Hampshire are located at sites where mineral extraction has previously taken place, with landfill used as part of the process to restore these sites.

3.1.2 The landfill of waste requires planning consent from the Waste Planning Authority before they can be operated, as well an Environmental Permit from the Environment Agency. Prior to the current classification of landfill wastes, as implemented by the Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC(21), landfills were less restricted over the types of waste that they could accept. Commonly, landfills would either be 'inert' or 'non-inert', with 'non-inert' potentially containing any waste that was not inert. The current classifications for landfill are now split into three types; inert, non-hazardous or hazardous.

3.1.3 A landfill is defined in the The Landfill (England and Wales) Regulations 2002(22) as a waste disposal site for the deposit of waste into or onto land. The regulations define three types of landfill:

Inert: for waste which is chemically inert, non-combustible, non-biodegradable, and not likely to given rise to environmental pollution or harm to humans. Inert waste typically includes glass, concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics, soils and stones.

Picture 1 Inert Landfill at Hunts Farm, Timsbury (TV066)

21 Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC - http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31999L0031:EN:HTML&lang=_e 22 The Landfill (England and Wales) Regulations 2002 - http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1559/contents/made Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 17

Non-hazardous: for wastes that are non-inert, mostly biodegradeable (it will break down and decompose over time), but which are not hazardous. Non-hazardous waste typically contains a very wide range of mixed wastes, often containing plastics, food, green waste, paper, metals and wood, where these have not been removed through recycling. In some non-hazardous landfills, specific areas, or cells, can be allocated for stabilised non-reactive hazardous waste (SNRHW), such as asbestos.

Picture 2 Squabb Wood Landfill, Shootash (TV072) - Cell preparation before landfilling of non-hazardous wastes

Picture 3 Chatsworth / Blue Haze Landfill (NF105) Landfilling of non-hazardous waste

18 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Hazardous: Hazardous waste landfills are specially licensed to accept hazardous wastes. Controls are enforced to deal with risks specific to the waste types accepted. Hazardous wastes include clinical waste, asbestos, organic and inorganic chemicals, oils, paints, adhesives and contaminated soils. Hazardous waste landfills do not however take waste such as animal carcasses, waste from mineral working or decommissioned explosives.

Picture 4 Cell being prepared for the landfilling of hazardous wastes (asbestos only) - Pound Bottom Landfill, Redlynch - (Stable Non-Reactive) (NFNP001)

3.1.4 Historically, the disposal of waste to landfill was a relatively cheap method of disposing of waste. However, landfill as a method of waste management is now less acceptable in terms of social and environmental acceptability than it once was. This has been supported by recent European and National legislation and guidance (covered in 2 'Policy Context and Legislation') which has promoted more sustainable waste management practice in line with the Waste Hierarchy.

3.1.5 Current standard land disposal practice in the UK involves waste being compacted and tipped into prepared/ lined landfill cells. Modern landfills are engineered to a high specification to take into account local geology, groundwater, water courses, adjacent land uses and landscape.

3.1.6 When non-hazardous wastes are landfilled, they breakdown and decompose, producing landfill gas (mostly methane) and soluble chemicals which, when mixed with water, produce leachate. Although all modern non-hazardous landfills are lined to prevent leachate from leaving the site, they still require active management to extract and treat this leachate.

3.1.7 The gas from non-hazardous landfill sites also requires careful monitoring and management due to the inherent asphyxiation and explosion risks that it poses. Methane gas is a significant greenhouse gas, which, if released into the the atmosphere can have a long term impact on the global climate. For these reasons, the landfill gas is captured via a network of pipes that run across the site (see picture 5) and burnt in a controlled on-site engine, in order to generate electricity for use on site or for input to the national grid. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 19

Picture 5 Landfill gas capture system at Pound Bottom Landfill, Redlynch (NFNP001)

3.1.8 The management of leachate and landfill gas from closed non-hazardous landfill sites may be required long after the landfill has been completed, as part of a restoration and aftercare plan. In contrast, the landfill of inert wastes does not produce gas or soluble chemicals and hence no long term monitoring or management is required at closed inert landfills.

3.1.9 Once a landfill has been completed, the site is covered with appropriate depths of restoration soils, taking into account any settlement which may occur. In Hampshire, restoration has commonly been for agriculture, amenity and recreational uses.

3.2 What is Surcharging and Land Raising?

Surcharging

3.2.1 Surcharging is a form of landfill involving disposal of waste above 'final contours' - over those previously agreed level for the settlement of waste. The use of existing or previously used landfill to provide more void space, at appropriate locations can be preferable over a new landfill as many issues with operating a landfill have already been addressed. However, the increased height of final contours on a surcharged site may be a controversial issue, as the site will often then differ from the surrounding topography. To minimise these impacts, it is essential that surcharging should only take place where the development fits into the surrounding landscape, local landforms or other features.

3.2.2 The surcharging of existing landfills requires planning consent from the relevant Waste Planning Authority (WPA), as well as an Environmental Permit from the Environment Agency.

3.2.3 The existing landfills at Blue Haze in Ringwood Forest and Squabb Wood in Shootash were previously identified as sites where surcharging may be acceptable through the draft Hampshire Minerals Plan (HMP). Although the draft HMP has now been rescinded, it gives an indication of the existing landfill facilities that have previously been considered. 20 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Land Raising

3.2.4 Land raising is a form of landfill that involves the deposit of waste to land, not previously used as landfill, to form engineered mounds or artificial landforms above the general level of the surrounding land.

Picture 6 Agricultural Land Raising, Ramsdell, Tadley

3.2.5 Land raising opportunities can range from large artificial disposal areas, down to the creation of bunds or raised areas, however usually exclusively through the placement of inert waste. The final contours of land raised sites can often be a controversial issue, as the final site contours often differ significantly from the surrounding topography.

3.2.6 Land raising, through the depositing of waste, requires planning consent from the Waste Planning Authority (WPA) as well as permit from the Environment Agency.

3.2.7 Due to the landscape issues created by land raising, the constraints that are present in Hampshire (see section 7), and the fact that land raising is almost entirely used for the deposit of waste, with limited benefits through restoration of unspoiled land, it is judged that it is not a suitable form of waste management for Hampshire. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 21

4 Landfill requirements in Hampshire

4.1 The need for landfill

4.1.1 The need for landfill stems from the requirement to deal primarily with non-hazardous wastes. Inert waste, which is 'disposed to land', is not considered 'landfill' as, in general, it is 'recovered' in some beneficial way, such as on development sites, in quarry restoration, landscaping (for instance at locations such as sporting venues - golf courses, cricket venues and race tracks), or in non-hazardous landfill engineering (for daily cover or other uses).

4.1.2 Landfill is a form of waste disposal which historically provided the main 'solution' to dealing with waste arisings in the UK. Treatment of waste in this way is now diminishing due to a number of reasons including cost and legislative changes, and the ability to recycle and recover waste, which is now recognised as a material resource. Waste management has now evolved to include a wide range of treatments for waste with much more recycling and recovery of 'waste' in modern waste management facilities.

4.1.3 The use of Energy Recovery Facilities (ERFs) in Hampshire highlight how waste management technologies can deliver more sustainable waste management solutions which push waste up the waste hierarchy, from the bottom (landfill) towards the top (re-use). This has led to Hampshire being the leading Waste Disposal Authority in terms of diverting household waste from landfill with only around 10% of waste arisings now being landfilled.

4.1.4 The waste management industry is continually evolving with many of the larger operators starting to plan beyond landfill, re-positioning themselves in the market so they no longer operate landfills, instead opting for waste management solutions higher up the Waste Hierarchy(23). One of the main drivers in this regard is the amount of investment required to engineer the void to be suitable to hold non-hazardous wastes and the uncertainty of the payback period in a climate where the amount of waste going to landfill is going down year on year(24).This uncertainty, along with the increasing costs from the landfill tax escalator, means the outlook for landfill as a from of waste management is changing. Although the use of landfill has continued to decrease, the opinion of leading observers in the waste industry is that there will always be a need for landfill, and the general view was about 5-7% of the UK's residual waste would be managed in this way(25).

4.1.5 In the longer term there are two main views on the need for landfill. One view is there will always be a need for residues from other forms of waste management e.g. air pollution control residues (fly ash) from Energy Recovery Facilities or incinerators. The estimate is that this (need for landfill) would be about 5-7% of the UK's residual waste arisings. The other view is that there is no long term need for landfill i.e. 100% diversion from landfill will be achieved(26).

4.1.6 Even though higher forms of waste management (other than landfill) have helped to reduce the amount of Hampshire's waste that is landfilled, there is still likely to be a need for a small amount of landfill for waste in the Plan period. This reduction in the amounts of waste landfilled in recent years has meant the estimated lifespan (the point at which a landfill capacity in Hampshire is considered full) of existing non-hazardous landfill sites in Hampshire have lengthened. However, it is still considered insufficient to meet the planned growth in waste arisings up to 2030.

23 From comments received in discussions with waste management operators 24 Defra waste statistics on UK waste management- http://www.defra.gov.uk/statistics/environment/waste/wrfg01-annsector/ 25 The Future of Waste – A Continuing Opportunity – section on The future for landfill in the UK (Tolvik Consulting/Norton Rose, November 2011). 26 The future of waste - http://www.tolvik.com/company/2011-Waste-Survey-The-Future-of-Waste.pdf 22 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

4.2 Hampshire's current waste arisings requiring landfill

4.2.1 Although Hampshire diverts more household waste than any other major Waste Disposal Authority (around 90%), there is still some residual waste which currently cannot be dealt with cost effectively by any means other than landfill. There are also greater volumes of C&I wastes than MSW, where diversion from landfill is currently lower than MSW and which requires disposal to landfill.

4.2.2 The move towards greater recycling and recovery rates and the higher cost from landfill 'gate' fees (to allow the disposal of waste at landfills) has diverted increasingly greater amounts of waste away from landfill. Additionally, waste destined for landfill is subject to 'market forces' and will therefore often travel to where it is cheapest for the waste operator to dispose of its waste. Although waste deposited at landfill in Hampshire has fallen in recent years, there is some anecdotal evidence that cross border movements of waste has increased, encouraged by cheaper gate fees elsewhere.

4.2.3 In the longer term, as new waste recovery infrastructure is built (e.g. energy recovery facilities) to handle waste which would have previously been sent to landfill, the options in treatment and destination are likely to increase. Hence, from year to year, the amount of waste going to any particular landfill site will change due to the choice of disposal routes and variation in the gate fees.

4.2.4 The amount of waste that is deposited in landfills is recorded by the Environment Agency (EA) . As stated above, the disposal of inert waste to land is not considered landfill in Hampshire as it has a beneficial use, however the EA who regulate these facilities use the classification 'inert landfill' in line with the regulations(27), even though in most cases these sites are old quarries that require restoration.

4.2.5 It is important to note that non-hazardous landfills also accept inert waste which is used as daily cover or for engineering/restoration purposes.

4.2.6 In 2009, the EA recorded that 600,013 tonnes of Hampshire's waste was landfilled - 45% in Hampshire while the rest (55%) was landfilled outside Hampshire. The full breakdown is shown in the chart below. All figures are in tonnes.

Table 4.2.1 Amount of Hampshire's waste which is landfilled (by landfill type) in 2009

Type of landfill Amount landfilled in Amount landfilled Total landfilled Percentage landfilled in Hampshire outside Hampshire Hampshire

Non-hazardous1,2 217,110 267,705 484,896 45%

Inert3 50,596 63,764 114,360 44%

Hazardous 0 758 758 0%

Total (tonnes) 267,786 332,227 600,013 45%

Notes: 1) Inert waste is also deposited at non-hazardous landfills which is used as daily cover or for engineering/restoration purposes. In 2009, this inert waste contributed 10% of the total amount of waste deposited at non-hazardous landfills. 2) A small amount of hazardous waste deposited in Stabilised Non Reactive Hazardous Waste cells is included. 3) Inert waste is primarily used to restore old mineral quarries and this is considered a recovery operation but the Environment Agency classify old quarries as inert landfill for restoration purposes. Source: Environment Agency 2009 waste data

27 The Landfill (England & Wales) Regulations 2002 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 23

4.2.7 In terms of the type and destination of landfill for Hampshire's wastes in 2009:

81% was deposited at non-hazardous landfills (around 45% was deposited in Hampshire landfills); 19% went to inert landfills (around 45% was deposited in Hampshire); 0.1% went to hazardous landfills (all was to hazardous landfills outside Hampshire).

4.2.8 The destination of Hampshire's waste that was sent for landfill in 2009 is summarised in the following chart;

Figure 2 Destination of Hampshire's landfilled waste by Local Authority (2009)

Oxfordshire Buckinghamshire Other Destination of 10,287 7,120 1,796 Hampshire's landfilled waste 2% 1% 0% in 2009 West Sussex (shown in tonnes and percent) 30,011 5% Surrey Source: Environment Agency 36,701 2009 Waste Data Interrogator 6%

Wiltshire 54,324 9% Note: The waste deposited at the Pound Bottom landfill site in Wiltshire is Hampshire included under Hampshire figures as it 267,786 falls within the Hampshire plan area due 45% to its location within the New Forest National Park.

Dorset 92,915 15%

Berkshire 99,072 17% 24 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

4.2.9 For comparison, in 2010, 827,246 tonnes of Hampshire's waste was landfilled - 57% in Hampshire, while the reminder (43%) was landfilled outside of Hampshire.

Table 4.2.2 Amount of Hampshire's waste which is landfilled (by landfill type) in 2010

Type of landfill Amount landfilled in Amount landfilled Total landfilled Percentage landfilled in Hampshire outside Hampshire Hampshire

Non-hazardous1,2 278,543 212,156 490,699 57%

Inert3 126,241 207,720 333,961 38%

Hazardous 0 2,586 2,586 0%

Total 404,784 422,462 827,246 49%

Notes: 1) Inert waste is also deposited at non-hazardous landfills which is used as daily cover or for engineering/restoration purposes. In 2010, this inert waste contributed 27% of the total amount of waste deposited at non-hazardous landfills. 2) A small amount of hazardous waste deposited in Stabilised Non Reactive Hazardous Waste cells is included. 3) Inert waste is primarily used to restore old mineral quarries and this is considered a recovery operation but the Environment Agency classify old quarries as inert landfill for restoration purposes. Source: Environment Agency 2010 waste data

4.2.10 In terms of the type and destination of landfill for Hampshire's wastes in 2010:

60% was deposited at non-hazardous landfills (around 57% was deposited in Hampshire landfills); 40% went to inert landfills (around 38% was deposited in Hampshire); 0.1% went to hazardous landfills (all was to hazardous landfills outside Hampshire).

4.2.11 As stated above, non-hazardous landfills also accept inert waste which is used as daily cover or for engineering/restoration purposes. Some non-hazardous landfills can also accept specific hazardous wastes - referred to as Stabilised Non Reactive hazardous Waste - in special cells within the landfill.

4.2.12 To show the amount and destination of Hampshire's hazardous waste to landfill, the following table shows the amount that was exported from Hampshire for landfill in 2010.

Table 4.2.3 Hazardous waste exported for landfill from Hampshire (2010)

Export location Tonnes

Wiltshire1 4,226

Kent 809

Oxfordshire 781

Gloucestershire 222

Suffolk 56

Peterborough 40

Somerset 34 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 25

Export location Tonnes

Warwickshire 31

Essex 24

Stockton-on-Tees 11

North Lincolnshire 2

Northamptonshire 1

Surrey 1

Devon <1

Total 6,237

Source: Environment Agency 2010 Waste Data Interrogator and Environment Agency 2010 Hazardous Waste Data Interrogator Note: 1) this excludes hazardous waste sent to Pound Bottom landfill which is part of the Hampshire Plan area

4.2.13 The hazardous waste types exported in 2010 for landfill predominantly consisted of Construction and Demolition waste & asbestos. This can be seen in the following table below.

Table 4.2.4 Hazardous waste types exported from Hampshire for landfill (2010)

Waste Type 1 Tonnes

C&D Waste and Asbestos 8,592

Shaping/Treatment of Metals and Plastics 249

Waste/Water Treatment and Water Industry 222

Packaging, Cloths, Filter Materials 7

Not Otherwise Specified <1

Total 9,070

Source: Environment Agency 2010 Hazardous Waste Data Interrogator. Note: 1) The waste types are based on the European Waste Catalogue coding, as used by the Environment Agency.

4.2.14 To determine the amount of waste managed by non-hazardous landfills, it is important to indicate the actual type of waste deposited as inert and some hazardous wastes are deposited. The Environment Agency classify waste by its source and properties and use the terms;

construction, demolition and excavation (CDE) / Inert; household, commercial and industrial (HCI); and hazardous.

4.2.15 To work out how much waste was diverted from landfill, it is necessary to work out the type of waste deposited. For instance, in the case of non-hazardous landfills it is necessary to subtract the inert (and minor amounts of hazardous waste) material that is also landfilled. The type and amount of waste deposited and percentage of waste landfilled is shown below along with the estimated arisings for 2009. 26 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Table 4.2.5 Recorded amount of Hampshire's waste landfilled (by waste type) in 2009

Type of Estimated Amount landfilled Amount landfilled Total Percentage Percentage waste annual in Hampshire outside landfilled landfilled (of diverted from arisings Hampshire arisings) landfill (31.12.10)

HCI1 2,300,000 191,767 222,431 414,197 18% 82%

CDE/Inert2 2,380,000 72,1863 107,6734 179,859 8% 92%

Hazardous 130,000 3,834 2,1235 5,9576 5% 95%

Total 4,810,000 267,787 332,227 600,013

Notes: 1) HCI = Household, Commercial & Industrial (mainly non-hazardous waste) 2) CDE = Construction, demolition and excavation (mainly inert waste). The landfill figure also includes a proportion of inert material which is used at non-hazardous landfills. 3) Total inert landfill (50,596) + inert waste used at non-hazardous landfill (21,590) in Hampshire. 4) Total inert landfill (63,764) + inert waste used at non-hazardous landfill (43,909) outside Hampshire. 5) Total haz landfill (1,365) + inert waste used at non-hazardous landfill (758) outside Hampshire. 6) Includes specific hazardous waste that is suitable for landfill at non-hazardous landfills (e.g. Asbestos) Source: Environment Agency 2009 waste data

4.2.16 Looking at the 2009 data tables above it can be shown that of the total amount of waste deposited at non-hazardous landfill - 484,896 tonnes - only 414,197 tonnes (or 85%) was actually non-hazardous waste.

4.2.17 The amounts and location of Hampshire's waste deposited in landfill in 2009 is shown in the chart below.

Figure 3 Amount of Hampshire's waste landfilled in Hampshire or elsewhere in 2009

450,000 Amount and location of Hampshire's waste deposited at non- hazardous landfills in 2009 400,000 Note: 1) Types of waste as below: HIC = Household, Industrial and Commercial wastes; 350,000 Inert/cd = Inert / construction, demolition, excavation wastes (most likely soils/clays); Haz = Hazardous wastes

2) Hazardous waste deposited in Hampshire is limited to asbestos only at Pound Bottom non- 300,000 hazardous landfill

3) Pound Bottom landfill (in Wiltshire) is included as part of Hampshire.

250,000

Deposited outside

Tonnes Hampshire 200,000 Deposited in Hampshire

150,000

100,000

50,000

0 HIC Inert/cd Haz Waste type Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 27

4.2.18 To work out how much waste was diverted from landfill in 2010, the amount and percentage of waste landfilled is shown below along with the estimated arisings.

Table 4.2.6 Recorded amount of Hampshire's waste landfilled (by waste type) in 2010

HCI1 2,300,000 227,100 125,536 352,636 15% 85%

CDE/Inert2 2,380,000 174,8523 292,9084 467,760 20% 80%

Hazardous 130,000 2,832 4,0185 6,8506 3% 97%

Total 4,810,000 404,784 422,462 827,246

Notes: 1) HCI = Household, Commercial & Industrial (mainly non-hazardous waste) 2) CDE = Construction, demolition and excavation (mainly inert waste). The landfill figure also includes a proportion of inert material which is used at non-hazardous landfills. 3) Total inert landfill (126,241) + inert waste used at non-hazardous landfill (48,611) in Hampshire. 4) Total inert landfill (207,720) + inert waste used at non-hazardous landfill (85,188) outside Hampshire. 5) Total haz landfill (2,586) + inert waste used at non-hazardous landfill (1,432) outside Hampshire. 6) Includes specific hazardous waste that is suitable for landfill at non-hazardous landfills (e.g. Asbestos) Source: Environment Agency 2010 waste data

4.2.19 Looking at the 2010 data tables above it can be shown that of the total amount of waste deposited at non-hazardous landfill - 490,699 tonnes - only 352,636 tonnes (or 71%) was actually non-hazardous waste.

4.2.20 The data shown in the tables above for 2009 and 2010 also indicate the amount of household, commercial and industrial (non-hazardous) waste landfilled in relation to the estimated non-hazardous waste arisings of 2.3 million tonnes per annum. This indicates the diversion from landfill increased from 82% (in 2009) to 85% in 2010.

4.2.21 In terms of the waste being deposited at non-hazardous landfills, 85% was household, commercial and industrial (HCI) 14% was construction, demolition and excavation (CDE) (primarily excavation wastes such as soils, clay etc) and 1% was hazardous (in stabilised non-reactive hazardous waste 'cells' for specified hazardous wastes). 28 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

4.3 Waste from outside Hampshire landfilled in Hampshire

4.3.1 In addition to Hampshire's waste which requires landfill, commercial waste from outside Hampshire is imported for landfill disposal. The Environment Agency publish data collected from waste operators on waste deposit amounts, and its origin. This information can be useful in determining the 'flow of waste' from its origin to the landfill destination.

4.3.2 In 2009, the total amount of waste deposited in Hampshire landfills was 375,788 tonnes - 71% (267,786 tonnes) was from Hampshire while 29% (108,001 tonnes(28)) was imported. Of the imported waste, 87,578 tonnes was received at non-hazardous landfills while 20,424 tonnes was deposited at inert landfills (for recovery at quarry restoration). The split between non-hazardous and inert landfills in Hampshire was:

304,768 tonnes (81%) was deposited to non-hazardous landfill; 71,020 tonnes (19%) was deposited to inert landfill.

4.3.3 In terms of self sufficiency, the section above showed in 2009 Hampshire exported 222,431 tonnes of non-hazardous(29) waste for landfill outside Hampshire. The amount of non-hazardous waste imported for landfill was 87,578 tonnes, therefore in terms of the 'balance' of landfill movements, a net export of non-hazardous waste for landfill of 134,853 tonnes occurred in 2009.

4.3.4 The sources of imported waste destined for landfill in Hampshire in 2009 and their percentage of the total imported waste is shown in the table below:

Table 4.3.1 Waste deposited in Hampshire by origin and landfill type (2009)

Origin Non-hazardous Inert Total

Dorset 54,849 (18%) 3,982 (6%) 58,831

Wiltshire 18,529 (6%) 519 (<1%) 19,048

West Sussex 12,638 (4%) 12,638

Surrey 307 (<1%) 307

All other areas 1,254 (<1%) 1,254

Note codeable 15,923 (22%) 15,923

Hampshire1 217,190 (71%) 50,596 (71%) 267,786

Total deposits to Hampshire 304,768 (100%) 71,020 (100%) 375,788 landfills

Source: Environment Agency 2009 Waste Data Interrogator Note: 1) Pound Bottom landfill figures are included in Hampshire

4.3.5 The following table shows the total amount of hazardous waste imported to Hampshire for landfill in 2010. Please note the Pound Bottom landfill is the only landfill in Hampshire that can accept hazardous waste (in the form of asbestos).

28 Analysis of 2009 Environment Agency 2009 waste data 29 See household, commercial and industrial waste (HCI) landfilled outside Hampshire Table 4.2.5 'Recorded amount of Hampshire's waste landfilled (by waste type) in 2009' Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 29

Table 4.3.2 Hazardous waste imported to Hampshire for landfill (2010)

Origin of imported waste Tonnes

Wiltshire1 4865

Dorset 994

Poole UA 555

Bath & North East Somerset UA 360

Isle of Wight UA 311

Bournemouth UA 273

West Sussex 222

Surrey 154

Devon 98

Somerset 73

East Sussex 42

Other2 201

Total 8,148

Source: Environment Agency 2010 Waste Data Interrogator and Environment Agency 2010 Hazardous Waste Data Interrogator. Note: 1) this does not include waste sent to Pound Bottom landfill from Hampshire as Pound Bottom is within the Hampshire Plan area. 2) The figure from 'other' is made up of 26 waste planning authority areas.

4.3.1 London's Waste

4.3.1.1 Under the Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) - The South East Plan (2007), Hampshire is required to make provision for the landfill of London's waste, as London, as an urban area, is unable to provide sufficient landfill capacity to meet its disposal demand. The provision that Hampshire is required to make is detailed in the following table taken from policy W3 of The South East Plan. Accordingly the provision is nil until 2016 and approximately 57,000 tonnes per annum thereafter.

Table 4.3.1.1 Landfill Provision to be made for London's Waste

2006-2015 2016-2025 Waste Authority Area Apportionment (%) Million tonnes Apportionment (%) Million tonnes

Hampshire 0 0 7.8 0.57

Note: Taken from 'Policy W3: Regional Self-Strategy' of The South East Plan - Regional Spatial Strategy for the South East.

4.3.1.2 Hampshire recognises that the Government is intending to revoke Regional Spatial Strategies through the Localism Bill. This will mean that the policies considered relevant to the Hampshire Minerals and Waste Plan will become obsolete. However, until this process has been completed, the RSS and its policies are still considered to be a material consideration 30 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Planning for London's Waste

4.3.1.3 Hampshire argues that it does not currently have, and will not plan to have in the future, any non-hazardous landfill sites that are suitably located for the purposes of accepting London's waste. It is argued that any landfill accepting London's waste would need to be located in the north-east of Hampshire (within 40km of London) in order to ensure transport miles and the carbon impact of transporting waste from London, is kept to an acceptable level.

4.3.1.4 The following table shows the current situation with regards to Hampshire's active landfills which accept non-hazardous waste - municipal (mostly household), commercial and industrial waste - and their distance from London.

Table 4.3.1.2 Active Hampshire Landfill sites accepting non-hazardous waste

Permitted Landfill Site Distance from London Borough boundary

Pound Bottom, Redlynch* 90km

Squabb Wood, Shootash 100km

Chatsworth / Blue Haze, Ringwood Forest 115km

Notes: * Pound Bottom also has a hazardous 'cell' for the disposal of stable non-reactive hazardous wastes (i.e. asbestos).

'Waste Received' from London

4.3.1.5 The Environment Agency's Waste Data Interrogators (2006-2009) were queried to find out how much waste arrived or was received (deposited) at Hampshire's waste facilities as well as the type of waste deposited in the last 4 years. This information is shown in the two tables below. All figures are in tonnes.

Table 4.3.1.3 The volume of London's waste deposited in Hampshire (2006-2009)

2006 2007 2008 2009

Household, Commercial & Industrial waste 2,836 4,056 13,498 4,505

Inert, Construction & Demolition waste 58 374 320 273

Hazardous waste 66 91 309 34

Total (tonnes) 2,960 4,521 14,128 4,813

Table 4.3.1.4 Type of waste facility that dealt with London's waste (2006-2009)

2006 2007 2008 2009

Treatment sites 1,511 4,219 13,837 4,434

Transfer Stations 15 170 291 327

Landfill 1,434 132 9 51

Total (tonnes) 2,960 4,521 14,128 4,813

4.3.1.6 As can be seen in the table above, in 2009, waste imports to Hampshire from London Boroughs totalled 4813 tonnes, which comprised of over 90% household,commercial & industrial waste. However, only 51 tonnes was disposed of to landfill while the majority was received at treatment sites. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 31

4.3.1.7 The quantity disposed of to landfill per annum from London between 2006 and 2009 represents just 0.01-2.5% of the per annum capacity (57,000 tonnes) that Hampshire is required to plan for post-2016, under The South East Plan Policy W3. As such, based on recent trends, Hampshire argues that new landfill capacity specifically for London's waste is not necessary because:

the continuing fall in non-hazardous landfill deposits; and there is very limited availability of suitable landfill capacity in the County and what is available is required to meet Hampshire’s needs over the plan period; and the limited landfill capacity in Hampshire is not sustainable for deposits of London’s waste because it is located in the west of the county, a long distance from London and not accessible by rail; and the small amount of imported waste from London that has historically been landfilled in Hampshire show that, in practice, there is little demand for landfill facilities in Hampshire; [landfill disposal] does not comprise a sustainable form of waste management.

4.3.1.8 As such, in consideration of the above, the Plan makes no landfill policy provision for London's waste.

4.4 Total waste requiring landfill in Hampshire

4.4.1 Landfill in Hampshire has historically dealt with waste produced from Hampshire and elsewhere. In 2009, about 376,000 tonnes of waste sent to non-hazardous landfills in Hampshire, with around 29% from outside Hampshire. The waste deposited to landfill in 2009, comprised of 305,000 tonnes to non-hazardous landfill and 71,000 tonnes recovered in quarry restoration (classified as inert landfill) or used for landfill engineering.

4.4.2 In 2010, about 568,000 tonnes of waste sent to landfill at sites in Hampshire, with, again, around 29% from outside Hampshire. The waste deposited to landfill in 2010, comprised of 409,000 tonnes to non-hazardous landfill and 156,000 tonnes recovered in quarry restoration (classified as inert landfill) or used for landfill engineering.

4.4.3 The actual amounts of hazardous waste(30)deposited in non-hazardous landfills shown in Table 4.2.1 'Amount of Hampshire's waste which is landfilled (by landfill type) in 2009' and Table 4.2.2 'Amount of Hampshire's waste which is landfilled (by landfill type) in 2010'indicate that the averaged amount landfilled in 2009 and 2010 (414,000 and 352,000 tonnes) is about 383,000 tonnes.

30 Recorded as household, commercial and industrial waste 32 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

5 Destination of Hampshire's waste which requires landfill

5.0.1 Hampshire's waste for landfill has been dealt within and outside Hampshire. Due to the increasing diversion of waste from landfill and the increasing disposal costs, driven primarily by the landfill tax escalator, there are fewer non-hazardous landfills in operation and hence they are becoming more important from a regional viewpoint.

5.0.2 Exported waste for landfill, has mainly travelled to neighbouring local authorities but sometimes further afield (normally in the case of hazardous waste for landfill). As waste is mainly dealt with by commercial operators, market forces often have a bearing on its treatment or final disposal.

5.0.3 The location of suitable landfills is particularly changeable compared with built facilities as landfills are normally associated with voids created by quarries. The location of available landfill (void capacity) changes over time as quarry voids are filled and new quarries (which may become landfills) become operational elsewhere.

5.0.4 The landfill of waste requires planning consent from the relevant Waste Planning Authority before such an operation can take place. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 33

5.1 Location of landfill in Hampshire

5.1.1 Hampshire has 17 permitted sites where inert or non-hazardous (non-inert) waste can be deposited. The majority of these are inert fill sites, with only three non-hazardous landfills now operational. The location of these sites are presented in the following map and table.

Map 1 Permitted landfill & inert fill sites in Hampshire in 2011 34 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Table 5.1.1 Permitted landfill / inert fill sites in Hampshire (Dec 2011)

Site Name Waste accepted (purpose) Date to complete restoration (or cessation Code of planning permission)

BA031 Apsley Farm, Hurstbourne Priors, Inert (quarry restoration) 31/08/2012 - restoration soils only for Whitchurch reprofiling of former landfill

BA054 Manor Farm Chalk Pit, Monk Sherbourne, Inert (quarry restoration) New application for further extraction but Basingstoke infill not expected to start until about 2017

EH003 Butser Hill Lime Quarry, Buriton, Petersfield Inert (dormant) No end date

EH025 Kingsley Quarry, Kingsley, Bordon Inert (quarry restoration) No infilling has begun - still extracting

EH121 Frithend Quarry, Sleaford, Bordon Inert (quarry restoration) 31/12/2018 No infilling has begun - still extracting

EH159 Pennally Farm, Liphook Inert (land spreading) By end 2012

FA032 Rookery Farm, Swanwick, Fareham Inert (land raising) 30/06/2021 Virtually no infilling going on

HR037 River Valley Lake, Yateley Inert (engineering) 31/3/0212

HV046 Bedhampton Landfill, Havant Inert Limited infill of 1,130 tonnes per annum (from EA permit) - no end date

NF042 Manor Farm, Pennington, Lymington Inert (quarry restoration) 31/12/2012 - final restoration underway

NF091 Bleak Hill, Harbridge, Ringwood Inert (quarry restoration) 30/06/2019 (mineral extraction to finish by 31/12/2018)

NF105 Blue Haze / Chatsworth Landfill, Ringwood Non-hazardous (quarry restoration) 22/03/2020

NF172 Bury Farm, Marchwood, Southampton Inert (quarry restoration) 31/12/2012

NF186 Ibsley Quarry, Mockbeggar, Ringwood Inert (quarry restoration) Further restoration planned but subject to legal agreement

NFNP001 Pound Bottom Landfill, Redlynch1 Non-hazardous (quarry restoration) No end date

TV009 Thruxton Airfield, Thruxton, Andover Inert (engineering/land-raising) 30/05/2016

TV072 Squabb Wood Landfill, Awbridge, Romsey Non-hazardous (quarry restoration) 31/11/2013

1. This site can also accept Stable Non-Reactive Hazardous Waste (asbestos only)

5.1.2 Hampshire only has one landfill which can accept specific hazardous waste, which is located at Pound Bottom in the New Forest National Park (NFNP). This site accepts stabilised non-reactive hazardous wastes, in the form of asbestos only, in a separate landfill cell to the the other wastes that it accepts. This site was given planning permission by Wiltshire County Council before the establishment of the NFNP Authority. The environmental and highway constraints associated with the site mean that further expansion is unlikely to be permitted. However, it is also recognised that the authorities wish to see the completion of landfilling and associated restoration at the site. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 35

5.1.3 There are 41 inactive inert fill and non-hazardous/non-inert, landfill sites in Hampshire. Although broadly defined as inactive, these sites may be at differing post-completion stages:

Ceased: Site has planning permission, but is not operational. Restored: Site may be fully restored and undergoing monitoring, or it may be more recently completed and undergoing active restoration. Lapsed: Site had planning permission, but permission expired before the commencement of operations.

5.1.4 The 41 inactive sites are presented in the following map and table.

Map 2 Inactive landfill & inert fill sites in Hampshire (2011) 36 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Table 5.1.2 Inactive landfill & inert fill in Hampshire

Site Code Name Type* Status

BA009 Newnham Common, Newnham, Hook Non-inert Restored

BA017 Apple Dell Inert Ceased

BA087 Tufton Manor Farm, Whitchurch Inert Ceased

BA115 Kennel Farm, Beggarwood Lane, Dummer Inert Restored

EA009 Westwood, Netley Non-inert Restored

EA015 Sunnybanks, Fair Oak Non-inert Restored

EA025 Mallards Moor, Hound, Netley Non-inert Restored

EA027 Netley Farm, Netley Non-inert Restored

EA032 Abbey Fruit Farm, Netley Non-inert Restored

EA083 East Horton Farm, Fair Oak Non-hazardous Restoration

EH015 Selbourne Brickworks, Selbourne, Alton Inert Ceased

EH018 Southleigh Forest, Rowlands Castle Non-inert Ceased

EH027 Moorlands Sand Pit, Bordon Inert Lapsed

EH046 Bordon Landfill, Sleaford, Headley Non-inert Lapsed

EH142 Chapel Farm, Oakhanger, Bordon Inert Ceased

EH145 Venthams Farm, Froxfield Green, Petersfield Inert Ceased

FA017 Hook Lane Landfill, Warsash, Fareham Non-inert Restored

FA025 Warren Farm, Portsdown Hill, Fareham Inert Ceased

FA071 Woodleigh Farm, Funtley, Fareham Inert Restored

HR019 Bramshill Landfill, Bramshill, Hartley Wintney Non-hazardous Restored

HR090 Former Minley Wood Landfill, Fleet Non-inert Restored

NF021 Somerley Landfill, Ellingham, Ringwood Non-inert Restored

NF045 Holbury Landfill, Fawley, Southampton Non-inert Restored

NF075 Ambervale Farm, Sway, Lymington Inert Restored

NF225 Keeping Marsh, Buckler's Hard, Beaulieu Non-inert Restored

NF239 Rushcroft, Sway, Lymington Inert Restored

NF240 The Old Brickyard, East Wellow, Romsey Inert Ceased

NF051 Ridge Farm, Romsey Inert & Non-inert Ceased

PT001 Paulsgrove Landfill, Portsmouth Non-inert Ceased

TV015 Former Casbrook Landfill, Timsbury, Romsey Non-hazardous Restored

TV061 Woodington Farm, East Wellow, Romsey Inert Restored Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 37

Site Code Name Type* Status

TV065 Bunny Lane, Romsey Inert Ceased

TV106 Birchwood House Farm, Sherfield English, Romsey Non-inert Restored

TV112 Chapel Farm, Lockerley, Romsey Inert Restored

TV119 Manor Farm, North Baddesley, Romsey Inert Restored

TV208 How Park Farm, Kings Somborne, Stockbridge Inert Restored

WR086 Funtley Tip, Wickham, Fareham Non-inert Restored

WR105 Raglington Farm, Shedfield, Fareham Inert Restored

WR137 Frith Lane, Wickham, Fareham Non-hazardous Restored

WR178 Newhouse Farm, Northington, Alresford Inert Ceased

WR185 Pest Cottages, West Meon Non-inert Restored

Note: Non-inert refer to a previous classification of landfill

5.1.5 In Hampshire, leachate and landfill gas treatment takes place at the following sites;

Table 5.1.3 Gas and Leachate management at landfills in Hampshire

Site Code Name Landfill Gas Leachate management

BA009 Newnham Common, Newnham, Hook Yes

BA031 Apsley Farm, Hurstbourne Priors, Whitchurch Gas recovery

EA009 Westwood, Netley Gas recovery via pipeline to EA027

EA015 Sunnybanks, Fair Oak Venting

EA025 Mallards Moor, Hound, Netley

EA027 Netley Farm, Netley Gas recovery

EA032 Abbey Fruit Farm, Netley Venting

EA083 East Horton Farm, Fair Oak Gas recovery Yes

EH018 Southleigh Forest, Rowlands Castle Gas recovery

FA017 Hook Lane Landfill, Warsash, Fareham Flare Yes

HR019 Bramshill Landfill, Bramshill, Hartley Wintney Gas recovery Yes

HR090 Former Minley Wood Landfill, Fleet Pumping

NF021 Somerley Landfill, Ellingham, Ringwood Gas recovery Yes

NF042 Manor Farm, Efford Gas recovery Treatment plant

NF045 Holbury Landfill, Fawley, Southampton Flare 38 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Site Code Name Landfill Gas Leachate management

NF105 Blue Haze/Chatsworth Landfill, Ringwood Forest Gas recovery, flare and scrubbing Treatment plant equipment

NFNP001 Pound Bottom landfill, Redlynch Gas recovery & flare Storage tank & lagoon

PT001 Paulsgrove Landfill, Portsmouth Gas recovery Yes

TV072 Squabb Wood Landfil, Romsey Gas recovery & flare Storage tank

TV106 Birchwood House Farm, Sherfield English Flare

TV119 Manor Farm, Romsey Leachate tank

TV163 Casbrook Landfill, Timsbury Gas recovery

WR086 Funtley Tip, Wickham, Fareham Flare Yes

WR137 Frith Lane, Wickham, Fareham N/A - contaminated soils only

5.2 Landfill capacity in Hampshire

Non-hazardous landfill capacity

5.2.1 Permitted non-hazardous landfills in Hampshire have an estimated remaining overall void suitable for approximately 2.5 million tonnes (31 December 2010.) This equates to approximately a further 8 years of capacity based upon recent (averaged) annual inputs(31). This gives an estimated end date for non-hazardous landfill in Hampshire of about 2018/2019.

5.2.2 There are limited opportunities for future non-hazardous landfill in Hampshire. There is one existing, active, non-hazardous landfill sites where additional void capacity could be provided through surcharging or an extension. There is also one soft sand quarry (Purple Haze) proposal which would require restoration materials ('fill') and which could be suitable for non-hazardous wastes.

5.2.3 The amount of non-hazardous void that could be available from the proposed areas is shown in the following table. It must be noted that this void is dependent on a suitable planning application coming forward and then being approved within the plan period.

Table 5.2.1 Non-hazardous landfill void capacity - existing and potential

Existing active sites Remaining capacity at 31.12.10 Estimated further landfill void (tonnes) (tonnes)

Chatsworth/Blue Haze, Ringwood Forest Confidential N/A

Squabb Wood, Shootash Confidential 400,000

Purple Haze, Ringwood Forest Not an active landfill 4,000,000

2,500,000 4,400,000

31 Based on averaged annual inputs of Hampshire's waste deposited at non-hazardous landfills in Hampshire from 2007, 2008 and 2009 of 300,000 tonnes per annum. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 39

Inert land disposal capacity

5.2.4 The permitted infill of inert wastes at former quarries occurs at five sites in Hampshire that are either accepting or permitted to accept, inert material in Hampshire. These have an estimated remaining overall void of over 3 million tonnes (31 December 2010). This equates to approximately a further 11 years of capacity based upon recent (averaged) annual inputs(32). This does not include 11 permitted quarries that are also likely to require restoration material when they are exhausted.

5.2.5 It is acknowledged that some inert waste from Hampshire is deposited outside Hampshire and this has been hard to verify as many locations are exempt from an Environment Permit and thus do not need to record the volumes deposited. However, there are a number of sand and gravel quarries proposals which will require inert restoration materials ('fill'). The expected sand and gravel yield in tonnes from these proposed areas has been estimated as the approximate tonnage available for inert fill on the basis that inert wastes are similar in weight to sand and gravel. These void spaces have been taken into account in determining the future available void space for inert wastes.

5.2.6 There are three proposed quarries that will require restoration material in the Plan period that have an estimated total void of about 5 million tonnes. Together, the existing and planned void capacity equates to over 8 million tonnes, which provides sufficient capacity well beyond the plan period based upon recent averaged inputs(33). There are also four other proposals where inert material is not specified for restoration which may have capacity for over 6 million tonnes. However, it is recognised this is a potential capacity and restoration requirements could be modified according to market needs or other planning factors. In conclusion, there is no shortage of opportunity for using inert waste in a beneficial manner which negates the need to provide purpose designed inert landfills.

5.2.7 The amount of inert waste that could potentially infill the mineral voids is shown in the following table. It must be noted that this void in the proposed areas is dependent on a suitable planning application coming forward and then being approved within the plan period.

Table 5.2.2 Inert fill void capacity - existing and potential

Site name Estimated void (31.12.10)

Permitted sites Rookery Farm, Fareham Confidential

Bury Farm, Marchwood Confidential

Bleak Hill, Ringwood Forest Confidential

Manor Farm Chalk Pit, Monk Sherborne Confidential

Apsley Farm, Hurstbourne Priors(34) Confidential

Lode Farm, Kingsley(35) Confidential

Frith End, Sleaford(36) Confidential

32 Based on average annual inputs of Hampshire's inert wastes deposited at sites designated as inert landfills by the Environment Agency in 2008, 2009 and 2010 of approximately 275,000 tonnes per annum. 33 Based on average of inert wastes deposited at sites designated as inert landfills by the Environment Agency in 2008, 2009 and 2010 of approximately 275,000 tonnes per annum. 34 Restoration at the site is for non inert landfill although restoration activities at the site has included restoration with inert material 35 The westerly part of the site has been restored with inert. The permission to restore the easterly extension has lapsed 36 Restoration using non hazardous contaminated soils 40 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Site name Estimated void (31.12.10)

Mortimer Quarry (including Benyon's Inclosure), Mortimer West Confidential for the original site. 2,000,000 tonnes End for the site permitted as part of planning permission at Benyons Inclosure(37)

Downton Quarry, Milton-on-sea 810,000(38)

Roke Manor Quarry, Shootash 780,000(39)

Sub-total (tonnes) >3,000,000

Proposed sites in Bleak Hill Quarry Extension 500,000 the Minerals and Waste Plan where Forest Lodge Farm 570,000 inert restoration is (40) specified Purple Haze 4,000,000

Sub-total (tonnes) 5,070,000

Proposed sites in Bramshill Quarry Extension (Yateley Heath Wood) 1,000,000 the Minerals and Waste Plan where Cutty Brow 1,000,000 inert restoration is not currently Hamble Airfield 1,500,000 specified Roeshot 3,000,000

Sub-total (tonnes) 6,500,000

TOTAL 14,570,000

Hazardous landfill capacity

5.2.8 Hampshire has no hazardous landfill, however it does have one non-hazardous landfill which can accept specific hazardous wastes, located at Pound Bottom in the New Forest National Park. This landfill primarily accepts non-hazardous waste, but has a separate 'cell' in which it is permitted to dispose of stable non-reactive hazardous wastes, in the form of asbestos.

5.2.9 The overall void remaining at Pound Bottom is limited and not expected to be sufficient until 2030 based upon recent inputs. As the hazardous waste cell is part of this overall void, there is a need to find replacement capacity. However, due to the relatively small amounts of asbestos(41) requiring disposal this new capacity could be outside Hampshire.

37 Restoration to use on site mineral waste and other on site materials 38 Based on figures contained in planning permission 06/87884. The site has been not implemented to date. 39 Based on figures contained in planning permission 07/02771/CMAS. The site has been not implemented to date. 40 Inert restoration will be required if the site is not used for non hazardous landfill (only identified as a reserve site) 41 Estimated at about 8,000 tonnes - see the Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire - Specialist Waste Facilities Report - section 3.4 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 41

5.3 Location of landfill outside Hampshire

Non-hazardous landfill

5.3.1 There are a number of operational landfills in neighbouring or nearby authorities which could accept Hampshire's waste in the plan period. This is of particular importance as the overall capacity both within and outside Hampshire is limited and diminishing.

5.3.2 There were 20 non-hazardous landfills permitted and operational in nearby waste planning authority areas as of December 2010. Some non-hazardous landfills have a dedicated 'cell' for Stable Non Reactive Hazardous Wastes (SNRHW) - usually a small part of the overall capacity of the site - others have restrictions limiting the origin of the waste input to defined areas. The location of these sites are shown below in the following table and map.

Table 5.3.1 Location of landfills in nearby local authorities

Local Landfill site Operator SNRHW Estimated end date for filling / comment1 Authority cell

Dorset Trigon Hill Viridor Waste Planning permission: 26/03/2027 Management Ltd.

Beacon Hill, Corfe Mullen Sita UK Planning permission: 31/12/2019

Wiltshire Lower Compton, Calne Hills Waste Solutions Planning permission: 2022 Limited

Sands Farm Viridor Waste Planning permission: 16/10/2022 Management Ltd.

Chapel Farm Hills Waste Solutions Planning permission: 30/09/2012.Pending Limited Yes application to extend lifetime of site to 31 December 2017.

Parkgate Farm Hills Waste Solutions Planning permission: 2024 Yes Limited

Park Grounds Farm Crapper & Sons (Landfill) Planning permission: 31/12/2020 Ltd.

Berkshire Sutton Lane, Colnbrook Biffa Waste Services Ltd Planning permission: 31/12/2012

Star Works, Knowl Hill Grundon Waste Planning permission: January 2016 Management Ltd

Surrey Patterson Court, Nutfield Biffa Waste Services Ltd Yes Estimated completion: 2030

Shere Road, Albury Sita UK Estimated completion: March 2012

Alton Farm CEMEX UK Operations Not currently operational but has limited planning Ltd permission for 2.6mt non-haz infill.

West Sussex Brookhurst Wood, nr Biffa Waste Services Ltd Estimated completion: 2016. Proposed extension Horsham of 1 million cubic metres extension to existing non-inert landfill

Lidsey, nr Woodgate Veolia Environmental Estimated completion: 2016/17 Services & Sita UK

Oxfordshire Finmere Quarry Premier Aggregates Estimated completion: 2035 42 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Local Landfill site Operator SNRHW Estimated end date for filling / comment1 Authority cell

Ardley2 Viridor Waste Estimated completion: 2027 Yes Management Ltd.

Slape Hill J Sheehan (Oxford) Ltd Estimated completion: 2019

Dix Pit Waste Recycling Group Estimated completion: 2028 Limited (WRG)

Sutton Courtenay2 Waste Recycling Group Estimated completion: 2030 Limited (WRG)

Alkerton Sita UK Estimated completion: 2014

1 Estimated / planning permission end date as advised by planning officers or from published documentation available on the local authority website.

2 Geographic restriction on waste inputs: Sutton Courtenay: a S106 agreement restricts the site (amongst other things) to not being able to import waste by road unless that waste originates from within a defined hinterland (the whole of Oxfordshire and the Unitary authority areas of West Berkshire, Reading, Wokingham and Bracknell Forest). Finmere Quarry operates under a S106 agreement with a roughly circular hinterland taking in Oxford, High Wycombe, Luton, Milton Keynes, Northampton and Banbury. The southernmost point of the defined area is several miles north of Reading. The agreement allows waste from outside the hinterland, provided this amounts to no more than 25% of the total (measured annually). Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 43

Map 3 Non-hazardous landfill locations in nearby local authorities 44 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Hazardous landfill

5.3.3 There are only a limited number of operational hazardous landfills near Hampshire, the closest ones being located in Wiltshire. Most are located further afield which reflect the regional need for these types of facilities.

Table 5.3.2 Location of nearest hazardous landfills to Hampshire

Local Authority Landfill site Operator Permitted Annual Comment Inputs1

Wiltshire Parkgate Farm Hills Waste Solutions 55,000 Planning permission until 2024. Limited

South East London Tripcock Point Tilfen Land Limited 150,000

Gloucestershire Wingmoor Farm S Grundon (Waste) Ltd 150,000 Planning permission until 2030

Somerset Southwood Landfill Site Southwood Skip Hire 25,000 Planning permission until 2019 Limited

Kent Pinden Quarry Pinden Ltd N/a2 Planning permission until 2042 Asbestos contaminated waste only. Void was 581,000m3 in July 2011.

Northamptonshire Kings Cliffe Augean 249,999 August 2013. New applications for extension of time to 2016 and extension of void (1mt) to run until 2026.

1 Environment Agency 2010 waste infrastructure - permitted annual inputs. 2 The total permitted annual inputs to the site are 233,200 tonnes but this includes waste to other facilities. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 45

5.4 Landfill capacity outside Hampshire

5.4.1 The Environment Agency annually publish(42) the landfill capacity at the end of the calender year by landfill type and local authority. The latest data for the 2010 year is shown in the table below in thousand cubic metres.

Table 5.4.1 Landfill void capacity in Hampshire and nearby Local Authorities (31/12/10)

Landfill type Wiltshire Dorset Berkshire Oxfordshire Surrey West Sussex Hampshire

Non-hazardous with 2,203 - - 2,716 6,250 135 - SNRHW cell1

Non-hazardous 6,882 3,040 485 8,717 625 2,060 2,870

TOTAL (in thousand 9,085 3,040 485 11,433 6,875 2,195 2,870 cubic metres)

1Some non-hazardous sites can accept some Stable Non Reactive Hazardous Wastes (SNRHW) into a dedicated cell, but this is usually a small part of the overall capacity of the site.

5.4.2 Taking the non-hazardous element and comparing it with the waste input at both non-hazardous and non-hazardous (SNRHW) landfills in 2010, as recorded by the Environment Agency(43), a very approximate 'lifetime' for the total landfill in each authorities area can be estimated based upon the same level of waste input for the remaining years. Waste inputs to landfill over the coming years are expected to fall due to the twin effects of the landfill tax escalator and the increase in the number and/or capacity of built facilities which recycle and recover non-hazardous wastes so these lifetimes could be longer than that estimated below.

Table 5.4.2 Non-hazardous landfill void, waste input and estimated landfill life (31/12/10)

Wiltshire* Dorset Berkshire Oxfordshire Surrey West Sussex Hampshire*

Non-hazardous void 9,085 3,040 485 11,433 6,875 2,195 2,870 (thousand m3)**

Non-hazardous void 7,268 2,432 388 9,146 5,500 1,756 2,296 (thousand tonnes)**

Waste input (thousand 782 331 384 1,253 1,032 832 352 tonnes)#

Life time 9 7 1 7 5 2 7 (void/inputs)

Notes: The lifetime of the sites is based upon the same level of deposits continuing (including imports and exports). * Pound Bottom is included under Wiltshire ** To convert the void space from cubic metres to tonnes, a conversion factor of 0.8 tonnes per cubic metres has been applied. # Waste input to both non-hazardous landfill and non hazardous landfill with SNRHW cell.

5.4.3 In 2009, about half of Hampshire's non-hazardous waste for landfill was landfilled outside Hampshire(44). The locations where Hampshire's waste which went to landfill in 2009 is shown below.

42 Waste data and information - http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/library/data/34169.aspx 43 Environment Agency Waste Data Tables 2010 - http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/library/data/132647.aspx 44 Analysis of the 2009 EA Waste Data Interrogator 46 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Table 5.4.3 Landfill deposits of Hampshire's waste in 2009 by WPA (tonnes)

Landfill Destination Non Haz LF Inert LF Non Haz Haz Merchant TOTAL (SNRHW2) LF LF

Hampshire 174,053 50,596 43,137 0 262,786

Berkshire 53,908 45,164 0 0 99,072

Dorset 92,915 0 0 0 92,915

Wiltshire1 45,886 8,438 0 0 54,324

Surrey 26,540 10,162 0 0 36,701

West Sussex 29,877 0 135 0 30,011

Oxfordshire 10,220 0 66 0 10,287

Buckinghamshire 7,120 0 0 0 7,120

All other locations 487 0 859 451 1,796

TOTAL 441,006 114,360 44,197 451 600,013

1 Wiltshire does not include the landfill site at Pound Bottom. 2 SNRHW = Stabilised non-reactive hazardous waste

Table 5.4.4 Landfill deposits of Hampshire's waste in 2009 by WPA (percent)

Landfill Destination Non Haz LF Inert LF Non Haz (SNRHW) Haz Merchant LF LF

Hampshire 39% 44% 98%

Berkshire 12% 39%

Dorset 21%

Wiltshire1 10% 7%

Surrey 6% 9%

West Sussex 7% <1%

Oxfordshire 2% <1%

Buckinghamshire 2%

All other locations <1% 2% 100%

TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100%

1 Wiltshire does not include the landfill site at Pound Bottom.

5.4.4 The tables above show Dorset, Wiltshire and Berkshire have been the most frequent destination for Hampshire's exported waste for landfill, particularly in the case of non-hazardous wastes in 2009. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 47

5.4.5 Looking forward, the planning permission end dates of landfills listed in Table 5.3.1 'Location of landfills in nearby local authorities' give some indication of the life of the site. In this respect, the landfills which may be able to accept Hampshire's waste in the future (with planning permission to 2030 or beyond) are located in Surrey and Oxfordshire. Other landfills with long planning permissions are in Dorset and Wiltshire. 48 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

6 Site requirements and potential impacts

6.0.1 This chapter considers the types of site which are required for the location of landfill sites, as well as the potential impacts and opportunities associated with the landfill of waste.

6.1 Landfill site requirements

6.1.1 The size and operational life of landfill sites can vary considerably, depending on the type of site, the waste market and the purpose of the site. For example, inert landfill sites can range from small scale projects lasting no more than a year to large scale restoration of a mineral working, which may be phased over the life of the mineral development (e.g. over 25 years for larger mineral extraction sites). The rate of disposal may also vary. Non-hazardous landfills tend to be larger due to the additional site preparation and engineering costs associated with this type of development.

6.1.2 The exact landfill site requirements will vary according to the type of waste being tipped. However, a combination of the following is likely to be required at most landfill sites in Hampshire:

Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) access; Weighbridge; Site office and associated facilities; Storage and maintenance area; Litter fencing; Mobile plant machinery to spread and compact waste; Wheelwash facilities; Landfill gas collection system; Electricity generating compound; Leachate collection systems; Odour management systems.

6.1.3 The site must also be geologically suitable for the type of waste. For example, for non hazardous waste, the need to protect important groundwater resources is a major constraint.

6.2 Potential impacts from landfill

6.2.1 The potential impacts associated with the landfill of waste will vary according to the type of waste and the size of the site. Small inert landfills are likely to have a smaller impact in comparison to major non hazardous landfill sites, which are much larger in scale, and will be active for a longer time period.

6.2.2 The main impacts are those caused by the operation itself, such as odour, litter and traffic, as well as other associated impacts such as the impact on biodiversity, landscape and heritage. The associated impacts will be largely site specific and potential impacts are summarised below.

Highway Impact - The impact on highways is largely as a result of traffic associated with the development, through congestion and potential noise. Other possible issues may also be associated with mud and debris on the highway. The number and frequency of vehicle movements associated with landfills can cause problems on surrounding roads if not effectively managed. However, this can be avoided through the use of wheel washing facilities and hard surfacing of internal haul roads and lorry routing agreements. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 49

Litter - Litter can be a major issue on non hazardous landfill sites, especially in adverse weather conditions. Litter catching fences and litter picking can be used to minimise this impact as well as the use of daily cover.

Picture 7 Litter fencing at Squabb Wood Landfill, Romsey (TV072)

Odour - Odour concerns are only associated with non-hazardous landfill sites. Odour is mainly caused by landfill gas and leachate which are produced as the waste decomposes. The collection of landfill gas and the management of leachate can minimise this issue, but there may also be issues if problems with the collection and management systems occur. Landfill gas emissions can release methane and carbon dioxide into the air.

Noise - Noise is largely generated through the tipping of waste and the use of mobile plant. The generators used to recover landfill gas can also be a source of noise. Most landfill sites will have conditioned noise limits which should not be exceeded.

Dust - Dust from vehicles and from the use of mobile plant can be a problem on landfill sites, but tends to be concentrated within the landfill site itself or highway adjacent to sites on occasion. Dust suppression schemes can be used to minimise this risk, in addition to wheel washing, sprays, and water bowsers. 50 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Public Health - Emissions to air, soil and water, and the possible presence of vermin associated with the disposal of waste to land all raise public concerns about health. Although some studies have suggested a possible link between landfill sites and increased rates of illness, there is no evidence to suggest that there is a direct link. Many of the studies which have been published have been based on older landfills, which are without the benefit of the modern stringent controls.

Flies, vermin and birds - This can be a potential problem at any site handling putrescible wastes. Compaction of waste and daily cover can minimise this risk, as well as bird scarring techniques.

Water - As leachate pass through decomposing wastes, a wide range of contaminants can be collected which can pollute surface or underlying groundwaters if not controlled. The Environment Agency places strict controls on the location of sites to avoid vulnerable groundwater resources. Comprehensive leachate collection systems are also required.

Visual impact - This will be directly linked to the size of the site and the surrounding topography. As the majority of landfill in Hampshire takes place within former mineral extraction sites, the majority of landfill will take place below ground level until the later stages of the levels, which may require a 'dome' like profile for drainage and settlement reasons. The operational impact of landfill can be managed through the phasing of development, which would allow only parts of the site to be active, and for phased restoration. However, the potential visual impact of land raising or surcharging developments is potentially greater than landfill as they will have more of an immediate impact due to the fact that the activity will take place above ground level. Mitigation measures can be used for all types of development to reduce the visual impact. These may include vegetation screening and the creation of bunds, however this is more difficult to effectively achieve for land raising and surcharging schemes. The phasing and restoration of a landfill, land raising or surcharging sites should take into account the surrounding landscape, to ensure that once restored it fits into the landscape.

6.3 Licensing and operation of Hampshire's landfills

6.3.1 The environmental regulation of landfills under the Environment Act(45) is undertaken by the Environment Agency, who regulate and monitor all landfill under an 'environmental permitting' system. Under the Environmental Permitting Regulations (England and Wales) 2010, all landfill require an Environmental Permit, which specify the types and quantities of wastes which can be disposed. The permits also include conditions relating to the sound preparation, engineering and management of all sites, for the monitoring of the operation and to ensure that the appropriate financial provisions are in place.

6.3.2 In Hampshire, all landfill sites are operated by private contractors, most of whom are also involved in the collection and transportation of waste, in addition to its final disposal at landfill.

45 Environment Act 1995 - http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/25/contents Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 51

6.4 Opportunities associated with landfill development

6.4.1 The restoration of landfill sites can provide an opportunity to enhance areas for ecological benefit as well as other benefits for amenity and community such as for public access.

Picture 8 Inert landfill restoration at Ridge Farm, Romsey (TV051)

6.4.2 Landfill sites can be restored to agriculture, areas of heathland, woodland or a combination of habitats to benefit wildlife as well as for recreational uses.

Picture 9 Heathland Restoration at Somerley Landfill, Ellingham (NF021)

52 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Picture 10 Lake and footpath restoration at Ibsley, near Ringwood (NF186) Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 53

7 Locational constraints and opportunities

7.0.1 There are a range of locational constraints and opportunities which need to be considered when determining whether a site is suitable for landfill, land raising or surcharging. The EU Landfill Directive identifies issues and considerations with regards to landfill and land raising. These are summarised in the following table;

Table 7.0.1 Summary of considerations and opportunities from the EU Landfill Directive

Issue Considerations Opportunities

Consideration Proximity to: Areas away from main population centres of local and Sensitive receptors (communities, hospitals, schools etc); Areas away from unspoiled landscapes; regional Sensitive uses (eg recreation); Expansion of existing landfills environmental Waterways and surface water; Areas that were formerly minerals workings characteristics Coastal waters; Areas with good transportation links Nature conservation designations; Areas with low groundwater table or poor Cultural heritage sites; groundwater quality Agricultural sites; Areas located outside of floodplains Transportation links. Site conditions should consider: Groundwater Geological conditions; Hydrogeolgical conditions; Flood and subsistence zones Areas vulnerable to landslide.

Water control Precipitation Areas with low ground water and leachate Surface water Areas not within close proximity to surface management Groundwater water Contaminated water collections and treatment Areas where there are not unusually high levels Leachate management of precipitation Areas where leachate can be managed.

Protection of Soils Areas with low agricultural quality soil and water Groundwater Poor groundwater quality Surface water Areas away from surface water courses

Nuisances and Odour Compatible land uses that help lessen the occurrences hazards Dust of nuisance include: Wind blown materials Restoration of active mineral workings; Noise Previous or existing industrial sites; Highway impact (traffic, mud and debris) Contaminated or derelict land Birds Land on or adjoining sewage treatment works; Vermin and insects Redundant farm building and their curtilage Formation of aerosols Fires

Land stability This should take into account the type of waste landfilled and Areas that are stable associated structures Areas that are not prone to settlement or slippage

7.0.2 In addition to the constraints and opportunities outlined above, there are a number of policy provisions with regards to the location of landfill which need to be taken into consideration. This is also supported by wider policies for example from the Environment Agency (EA) about the location of landfills. 54 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

7.0.3 The constraints are used to form the basis of a sieve analysis, as detailed in chapter 8 'Opportunites for landfill in Hampshire (sieve analysis)'

7.1 Proximity to sensitive receptors

7.1.1 Proximity to sensitive receptors: Urban areas with a 250 metre buffer are excluded as potential areas for landfill, as shown on the following map;

Map 4 Sensitive Receptors: Hampshire Urban Areas

0 10 20 km A 250m buffer has been applied to Urban Areas to

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission Urban Areas ensure areas are protected of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. HCC 100019180 2010 by any encroaching development Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 55

7.2 Water resources

7.2.1 Groundwater: The EA(46) has strict policy on the location of landfills. This states that the EA will object to any proposed landfill site within groundwater protection zones (GPZ) 1. For all other proposed landfill sites, a risk assessment must be conducted based on the nature and quantity of waste, and the natural setting and properties of the landfills location. If it is demonstrated that active long term management is essential to prevent long term groundwater pollution, the EA will object to the proposal.

7.2.2 All areas underlain by major aquifers and groundwater source protection zones II and III as well as flood risk zones 3a and 3b are excluded as possible locations for new landfill, as shown by the following maps; Map 5 'Water Resources: Principal Groundwater Aquifer' shows the location of principal and secondary groundwater aquifers; Map 6 'Water Resources: Groundwater Source Protection Zones I - III' shows the groundwater source protection zones I, II and III; and Map 7 'Water Resources: Surface Water Floodplain and High Probability Flood Zone' shows the flood risk zones 3a and 3b, in Hampshire.

Map 5 Water Resources: Principal Groundwater Aquifer

0 10 20 km

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission Principal Aquifer of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. HCC 100019180 2010

46 Environment Agency Regulatory Guidance Note 3 (Version 4.0 December 2002) Groundwater Protection: Locational Aspects of Landfills in Planning Consultation Responses and Permitted Decisions 56 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Map 6 Water Resources: Groundwater Source Protection Zones I - III

0 10 20 km Zone I - Inner Protection Zone Zone III - Total Catchment

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Zone II - Outer Protection Zone Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. HCC 100019180 2010

Map 7 Water Resources: Surface Water Floodplain and High Probability Flood Zone

0 10 20 km Environment Agency This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright Flood Zone 3 and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. HCC 100019180 2010 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 57

7.3 Designated conservation areas

7.3.1 Internationally and nationally important designated areas cover much of Hampshire, as shown on Map 8. There is a presumption for their protection, ruling these areas out as being suitable for landfill.

Map 8 Designated Conservation Areas: International and National Conservation Designations

0 10 20 km A 250m buffer has been applied to all constraints This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission Environmental Constraints of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery to ensure areas are protected Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. HCC 100019180 2010 by any encroaching development 58 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

7.4 Landscape

7.4.1 Map 9 shows the location of national important landscape designations; National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and heritage designations; Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings and National Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest and Registered Battlefields.

Map 9 National Landscape and Heritage Designations

0 10 20 km A 250m buffer has been applied to all constraints This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission Landscape Designations of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery to ensure areas are protected Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. HCC 100019180 2010 by any encroaching development Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 59

7.5 Access

7.5.1 Minerals and waste lorry movements are not restricted to a designated transport network across Hampshire, but are prompted to use a combination of different road networks;

Strategic Road Network (SRN), which comprises motorways and trunk roads; Primary Route Network (PRN), which comprises strategic primary A road routes, usually linking urban areas; Local Road Network (LRN), which comprises other A, B and unclassified routes which are located in urban areas, or provide important links to the SRN or PRN.

7.5.2 Access to these road networks, or the rail network within Hampshire, is an important locational factor when considering whether to grant permission for a site. Map 10 shows the road/route networks and rail network within Hampshire.

Map 10 Access: Strategic, Primary and Local Road/Route Networks and Rail Network

7.5.3 Typically, landfill sites are located in relatively rural locations with poor access, due to the presence of the prior mineral extraction in that location. Therefore, blanket restrictions, such as the prohibited use of unclassified class highways, are not appropriate for waste traffic. Instead, the historical, and indeed current approach, is to consider each proposed or new site, on its own merits, and on a case-by-case basis, considering issues such as daily lorry movements or routing to and from the site. 60 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

7.5.4 The general approach used to determine a site, in co-operation with the relevant highway authority is a hierarchical approach to routing. This means that the next highest class of road to that which the site is located on, should be reached as soon as is practicable, where suitable access and routing is available. This approach does not necessarily preclude any route, but aims to reduce the length, in terms of both distance and duration, spent on lower class roads.

7.5.5 Further to this, the general caveat for new landfill sites is for a transport assessment to be provided as part of a planning application for a site, which explores in detail the applicability of routing to a site, and the impact on the road network around that site.

7.6 Summary of locational constriants

7.6.1 The constraints applied in this section and presented in maps contained within this section indicate that Hampshire is heavily constrained with regards to identifying opportunities and planning for the deposit of waste. A number of constraints do however overlap each other and very little of rural Hampshire is free from environmental or landscape designations and does not impact groundwater or surface water.

7.6.2 In terms of size, the largest constraints is the groundwater aquifer, presented in Map 5 and the landscape designations, presented in Map 9. The groundwater constraint is a principal aquifer, a body of underground water present within the chalk geology across central Hampshire, and which supplies base flow to rivers such as the Meon, Itchen and Test, and also provides a source for our drinking water. The landscape constraint meanwhile is predominantly comprised of three major areas; the North Wessex Downs AONB, the South Downs National Park and the New Forest National Park. These designations rule out additional large areas of north west Hampshire, east Hampshire (where not already ruled out by the underlying aquifer constraint) and south west Hampshire.

7.6.3 In addition to these large constraints, there are all of the urban area constraints, surface water issues in south and south eastern Hampshire around the major rivers and harbour areas and further national and international conservation areas located across Hampshire. All of which, when combined and considered along with acceptable transport links, leave only a relatively small unconstrained area, which may be suitable for landfill and surcharging opportunities. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 61

8 Opportunites for landfill in Hampshire (sieve analysis)

8.0.1 The limited opportunities for landfill in Hampshire have been identified through the following processes:

Sieve analysis - this looks at the basic constraints for landfill and then highlights those sites (both active and restored) which may be suitable for landfill, landraise or surcharging Previously considered sites - sites which did not pass the sieve analysis but are considered acceptable upon further detailed analysis Other potential opportunities - previously nominated land for mineral extraction and the issue of dealing with London's waste

8.1 Identifying opportunities for landfill in Hampshire

8.1.1 The main constraints to the location of landfill and surcharging of sites are identified within Section 7 'Locational constraints and opportunities'. Further to the discussion in the summary of Section 6, if all of the constraints presented in maps 4 - 10 are applied together, the following map, Map 11 'Total Constrained Area in Hampshire', is produced.

Map 11 Total Constrained Area in Hampshire

0 10 20 km Environmental, Water and A 250m buffer has been applied to some constraints This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission Landscape & Heritage of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery to ensure areas are protected Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. HCC 100019180 2010 Constraints by any encroaching development

8.1.2 Map 11 'Total Constrained Area in Hampshire' shows that potential opportunities for landfill and surcharging mostly exist in north and north east Hampshire, in west and south Hampshire and in south west Hampshire, around the edge of the New Forest National Park. 62 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

8.1.3 If we then consider which current and former landfill sites in Hampshire, as listed in Section 5, are located in the non-constrained (light-green) area, we are presented with the following map;

Map 12 Total Hampshire Constraints with unconstrained Landfill Sites presented

BA009

TV015

WR105

NF105

NF021

8.1.4 Map 12 shows a total of five landfill sites, that are located in areas free from the applied constraints and as such, may potentially be suitable for surcharging. The details and status of these sites are presented in the following table.

Table 8.1.1 List of landfills in Hampshire, potentially suitable for surcharging

Site Name Type Status Opportunity for Code

BA009 Newnham Common, Newnham, Hook Non-inert Inactive: Restored Surcharging

NF021 Somerley Landfill, Ellingham, Ringwood Non-inert Inactive: Restored Surcharging

NF106 Blue Haze, Somerley Non-hazardous Active Surcharging

TV015 Former Casbrook Landfill, Timsbury, Romsey Non-hazardous Inactive: Restored Surcharging

WR105 Raglington Farm, Shedfield, Fareham Inert Inactive: Restored Surcharging Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 63

Newham Common (BA009)

Newham Common is an inactive former non inert landfill site which has been restored. The site closed in 1986 and is still subject to active leachate monitoring. The site is therefore not suitable for landfill as it has already been landfilled.

There may be some opportunity to surcharge the site but this may not be considered to be viable due to the length of time the site has been restored.

Somerley Landfill (NF021)

Somerley Landfill Common is an inactive former non inert landfill site which has been restored. The site is in aftercare. The site is therefore not suitable for landfill as it has already been landfilled.

There may be some opportunity to surcharge the site but this is unlikely to be supported or sustainable.

Blue Haze (NF106)

Blue Haze is an active non-hazardous landfill site which was also previously identified as a possible area for surcharging through the draft Minerals Plan. The site was a former soft sand extraction site which has now ceased. The restoration of the site is through the importation of controlled wastes, subject to legal agreements concerning lorry routing, access and highway improvements, management agreements for nature conservation and footpaths/access for public recreation, and to off-site heathland.

There may be some opportunity to surcharge the site, however the site has been withdrawn by the nominee on technical grounds, making such an opportunity unlikely.

Former Casbrook Landfill (TV015)

The former Casbrook Landfill site is an inactive former non inert landfill site which has been restored and is in aftercare. The site is not suitable for landfill as it has already been landfilled.

There may be some opportunity to surcharge the site but this is unlikely to be supported and sustainable as its located near homes and the capacity is limited. 64 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Raglington Landfill (WR105)

Raglington Landfill site is an inactive former non inert landfill site which has been restored. The site was subject to an application in 2007 for agricultural improvement by infilling with inert wastes (07/02980/HCS), variation of condition 2 of 07/02980/HCS to extend the time limit for tipping operations (08/02519/HCS) (until 28 August 2009). This was granted in January 2009 with restoration to agriculture by 2009. The site is not suitable for landfill as it has already been landfilled.

There may be some opportunity to surcharge the site but this is unlikely to be supported and sustainable as its located near homes and the capacity is limited.

8.2 Sites previously considered

The following sites were previously considered through the 2008 draft Hampshire Minerals Plan (dHMP) but were not considered above. Although the dHMP has now been rescinded, the information that it contained is shown below.

Bunny Lane

8.2.1 Bunny Lane (TV066) located near Timsbury, Romsey was previously identified as a site for non-hazardous landfill through the dHMP. The site had planning permission for inert landfill which lapsed. Discussion had taken place between the owner of the site, SITA (who had the option to landfill the site) and the County Council about the submission of a new application for the landfilling of non hazardous wastes at the site. However, a planning application was never received. It is assumed there is no longer any interest.

8.2.2 An application was recently refused by the County Council for a permanent recycling facility at Bunny Lane (10/02712/CMAS) which is currently being appealed.

8.2.3 Test Valley Borough Council granted planning permission for a number of new houses located at the Redlands Brickworks site, which is located adjacent to the site. The uncertainty attached to the proposed development of the site for landfill uses, as well as the fact that the site does not appear as an opportunity for landfill through the sieve analysis means that the site is no longer considered to be a viable or sustainable location for landfilling.

Squabb Wood

8.2.4 Squabb Wood landfill (TV072), located in Awbridge near Romsey, has previously been identified as a possible site for surcharging or lateral extension. However, this site has been identified as constrained by the sieve analysis in this study and was therefore not included within the above list.

8.2.5 The Squabb Wood site was ruled out on the basis of both a historic park and garden designation at Embley Park (Grade II) and three listed buildings at Embley Park, being located within 250 metres of the site. In this circumstance however, mitigation measures are already in place which sufficiently protect these historic designations from the current waste operations at Squabb Wood. As such, on this basis an extension or surcharging proposal is considered to be acceptable at Squabb Wood, subject to a number of development issues being satisfactorily addressed. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 65

8.3 Other potential opportunities for landfill

Purple Haze

8.3.1 Land at Purple Haze (which is close to the existing Blue Haze landfill site in Ringwood Forest) has been nominated for mineral extraction. The site is considered to be suitable for the landfill of waste as part of the process to restore the site if mineral extraction is permitted. This would be subject to a number of development control considerations. It is unclear however, when this site may be available for landfill as this will depend on the relevant planning permission being granted for such activities.

Other opportunities

8.3.2 No other areas have been nominated for non-hazardous landfill and this may be due to there being no new opportunities for landfill or potential operators are not prepared to invest in this form of waste management in Hampshire.

Provision for London's Waste

8.3.3 No provision is to be made for London's waste due to the issues discussed in 4.3.1 'London's Waste'. 66 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

9 Estimating landfill depletion

9.0.1 To estimate Hampshire's non-hazardous landfill capacity requirement over the Plan period the following criteria was used as a baseline:

the amount of non-hazardous waste landfilled in 2009; the estimated current landfill diversion rate of 82% (in 2009) the estimated current non-hazardous arisings of 2.4 million tonnes per annum. a small growth in non-hazardous waste arisings (of 0.5% per annum) over the plan period

9.0.2 This baseline information was used to project the amount of waste requiring landfill over the Plan period. The existing landfill void capacity was then subtracted from this amount to calculate the capacity gap.

9.0.3 Although a basic projection could just show all landfill waste being dealt with in Hampshire it has been shown above that Hampshire's waste for landfill has been dealt with in and outside Hampshire. Therefore it was considered appropriate to incorporate this aspect into the projections and estimate how this could have a bearing on Hampshire's requirement for landfill in the future as waste is likely to continue to cross administrative boundaries due to market forces.

9.0.4 The approach above is laid out in the Waste Data Summary Report(47) which includes the detailed information and calculation of tonnages in an Annex.

9.1 Landfill depletion scenarios

9.1.1 A number of diversion from landfill scenarios were considered with an estimated / planned growth rate of non-hazardous waste arisings of approximately 0.5% per annum and these scenarios are summarised below:

Baseline scenario - a 'business-as-usual' or 'baseline' scenario of 82% diversion. Improvement Scenario A - improved recycling & recovery with landfill diversion reaching 90% Improvement Scenario B - improved recycling & recovery with landfill diversion reaching 95% Improvement Scenario C - improved recycling & recovery with landfill diversion reaching 100%

9.1.2 The scenario that was considered to offer a higher diversion from landfill and increased recycling and recovery of waste but also realistic in that there will be landfill required from some waste treatment technologies such as energy recovery facilities, is Scenario B.

9.1.3 Under Scenario B with a low growth (0.5% per annum), a 95% diversion from landfill', the estimated tonnage requiring non-hazardous landfill disposal in the plan period is 3.91 million tonnes(48). The landfill void capacity (3.1 million cubic metres) in Hampshire is estimated to be sufficient for 2.5 million tonnes (as of 31 December 2010) and taking this into account means additional non-hazardous landfill capacity of 1.41 million tonnes is estimated to be required for the plan period. This requirement is based on the landfilling of Hampshire's waste only. This equates to a landfill void of approximately of 1.8 million cubic metres. This is summarised in the table below.

47 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Waste Data Summary Report 48 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Waste Data Summary Report Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 67

Table 9.1.1 Landfill capacity requirement for Hampshire's waste

Million tonnes

Estimated non-hazardous landfill void capacity (at 31.12.10) 2.5

Estimated arisings requiring landfill in plan period 3.91

Capacity gap 1.41

9.1.4 However, if recent trends in landfill disposal continue, approximately half of this waste would be landfilled outside Hampshire. Although there is no guarantee that past trends will continue, market forces are likely to result in waste for landfill continuing to cross administrative boundaries as long as the landfill sites are operational.

9.1.5 To show the need for non-hazardous landfill in Hampshire and how its depletion could vary by waste being landfilled elsewhere, a number of projections of landfill depletion from 2011-2030 have been estimated. The six projections are as follows:

If landfill deposits in Hampshire continue at an averaged rate (2007-2010) in Hampshire (with export) If only 57% of landfill deposits occur in Hampshire (as in 2010) and export elsewhere continues All Hampshires waste for landfill is deposited in Hampshire (100% ) Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with only 45% landfilled in Hampshire (as in 2009) Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with only 57% landfilled in Hampshire (as in 2010) Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with 100% landfilled in Hampshire

9.1.6 The remaining non-hazardous landfill capacity at 31 December 2010 was estimated to be approximately 2.5 million tonnes, and this is the starting point in the charts below. The chart above shows additional non-hazardous landfill capacity is estimated to be required from around 2018 / 2019 to the end of the plan period - if Hampshire deals with all its waste for landfill (i.e. Hampshire is self sufficient). 68 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

9.1.7 The existing situation based upon current landfill capacity in Hampshire and the various diversion from landfill scenarios described above is shown in the chart below.

Figure 4 Non-hazardous landfill depletion scenarios (2011-2030)

4,000,000

Non-hazardous Landfill Depletion Scenarios - based upon existing void capacity

2,000,000

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

-2,000,000 Notes:

Tonnes 1) Start point is 31/12/10 and no increases in waste arisings have been assumed except under the Scenario B projections when a 0.5% increase in waste arisings per annum is assumed and diversion of waste reaches 95% by 2020 and is maintained until 2030. 2) The Scenario B projections show three projections for the destination of -4,000,000 Hampshire's landfilled waste by the amount that is landfilled in Hampshire: 100%, (self-sufficient), 57% (as in 2010) or 46% (as in 2009). 3) No additional landfilled capacity

All Hampshires waste for landfill is deposited in Hampshire (100% ) If only 57% of landfill deposits occur in Hampshire (as in 2010) and export elsewhere continues -6,000,000 If landfill deposits in Hampshire continue at an averaged rate (2007-2010) in Hampshire (with export) Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with 100% landfilled in Hampshire Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with only 45% landfilled in Hampshire ( as in 2009) Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with only 57% landfilled in Hampshire (as in 2010) -8,000,000 Year Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 69

9.1.8 Additional non-hazardous landfill could be provided at Squabb Wood landfill with an assumtpion this is available from around 2016 and could deliver an estimated 400,000 tonnes of additional void capacity. The scenarios above have been used again but the additional void supplied by Squabb Wood have been included from 2016. The revised projections are shown in the chart below.

Figure 5 Non-hazardous landfill depletion scenarios (2011-2030) including additional void at Squabb Wood

4,000,000

Non-hazardous Landfill Depletion Scenarios - based upon existing and additional void capacity at Squabb Wood landfill from 2016 2,000,000

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

-2,000,000 Notes: Tonnes 1) Start point is 31/12/10 and no increases in waste arisings have been assumed except under the Scenario B projections when a 0.5% increase in waste arisings per annum is assumed and diversion of waste reaches 95% by 2020 and is maintained until 2030. 2) The Scenario B projections show three projections for the destination of -4,000,000 Hampshire's landfilled waste by the amount that is landfilled in Hampshire: 100%, (self-sufficient), 57% (as in 2010) or 46% (as in 2009). 3) Additional landfill capacity at Squabb Wood assumed from 2016.

If landfill deposits in Hampshire continue at an averaged rate (2007-2010) in Hampshire (with export)

-6,000,000 If only 57% of landfill deposits occur in Hampshire (as in 2010) and export elsewhere continues All Hampshires waste for landfill is deposited in Hampshire (100% ) Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with only 45% landfilled in Hampshire ( as in 2009) Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with only 57% landfilled in Hampshire (as in 2010) Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with 100% landfilled in Hampshire -8,000,000 Year

9.1.9 The chart above shows under Scenario B (100% landfilled in Hampshire) if all of Hampshire's waste for landfill was landfilled in Hampshire in the future, with the proposal for new capacity at Squabb Wood, additional non-hazardous landfill capacity is estimated to be required from around 2021/2022 to the end of the plan period. 70 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

9.1.10 Further additional non-hazardous landfill could also be provided at Purple Haze landfill. The estimated overall void capacity could be around 4,000,000 tonnes but for the purposes of this Plan it is assumed only around 1,500,000 tonnes could potentially be available from around 2025. The scenarios above have been used again but the additional void supplied by Purple Haze has been included from 2025. The revised projections are shown in the chart below.

Figure 6 Non-hazardous landfill depletion scenarios (2011-2030) including additional void at Squabb Wood & Purple Haze

4,000,000 Non-hazardous Landfill Depletion Scenarios - based upon existing and additional void capacity at Squabb Wood from 2016 and Purple Haze from 2025

2,000,000

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

-2,000,000 Tonnes Notes: 1) Start point is 31/12/10 and no increases in waste arisings have been assumed except under the Scenario B projections when a 0.5% increase in waste arisings per annum is assumed and diversion of waste reaches 95% by 2020 and is maintained until 2030. -4,000,000 2) The Scenario B projections show three projections for the destination of Hampshire's landfilled waste by the amount that is landfilled in Hampshire: 100%, (self- sufficient), 57% (as in 2010) or 46% (as in 2009). 3) Additional landfill capacity assumed at Squabb Wood from 2016 and Purple Haze from 2025. If landfill deposits in Hampshire continue at an averaged rate (2007-2010) in Hampshire (with export) -6,000,000 If only 57% of landfill deposits occur in Hampshire (as in 2010) and export elsewhere continues All Hampshires waste for landfill is deposited in Hampshire (100% ) Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with only 45% landfilled in Hampshire (2009) Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with only 57% landfilled in Hampshire (2010) Scenario B - Reaching 95% diversion by 2020 but with 100% landfilled in Hampshire -8,000,000 Year

9.1.11 The chart above shows under Scenario B (100% landfilled in Hampshire) if all of Hampshire's waste for landfill was landfilled in Hampshire in the future, with the proposals for new capacity at Squabb Wood and Purple Haze, there would still be a small gap in landfill capacity between 2021 and 2024. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 71

10 Conclusions

10.0.1 Hampshire has built up an excellent record for sustainably dealing with waste through diversion its from landfill. However, particularly in respect of non-municipal wastes, landfill still has a part to play in dealing with waste which cannot be managed in a more sustainable way in Hampshire, abeit a small one.

10.1 Estimated arisings requiring landfill

10.1.1 Approximately 600,000 tonnes of waste from Hampshire was landfilled or recoverd in quarry restoration in 2009. The majority of this was non-hazardous waste (approximately 414,000 tonnes), with most of the remaining amount comprising of inert waste (approximately 180,000 tonnes), and a very small amount of hazardous waste (approximately 5,000 tonnes).

10.1.2 In relation to non-hazardous landfill, the total amount deposited in 2009 (in Hampshire or elsewhere) was 485,000 tonnes, but only 85% (414,000 tonnes) was actually non-hazardous waste. The remainder was inert waste used as cover material or for engineering purposes and a very small amount of hazardous (asbestos) waste.

10.1.3 The amount of Hampshire's waste(49)that went into non-hazardous landfills in Hampshire in 2009 was 217,000 tonnes but only 192,000 tonnes (88%) was actually non-hazardous (household, commercial and industrial) waste. The remaining amount of Hampshire's waste deposited in non-hazardous landfills (268,000 tonnes) was outside Hampshire, and contained 222,000 tonnes (83%) of non-hazardous (household, commercial and industrial) waste.

10.1.4 In respect of the amount of inert waste that went into inert landfill (recovered in quarry restoration) in Hampshire during 2009, only 51,000 tonnes was deposited in Hampshire, the remainder (64,000 tonnes) was landfilled elsewhere.

10.2 Possible locations for non-hazardous landfill in Hampshire

10.2.1 The options to re-use or recover inert waste are far greater than those for non-hazardous wastes, as this type of waste is not biodegradable thus does not require special handling considerations and control of emissions. Inert waste can be used to restore mineral quarries, for landscaping, non-hazardous landfill engineering activities or other beneficial uses and thus locations for its uses are widespread so there is no need to make specific provision.

10.2.2 Finding areas suitable for disposal of non-hazardous wastes is difficult due to the large number of constraints which make many areas in Hampshire unsuitable for this type of landfill. The main constraints to the location of landfills and/or surcharging operations at existing landfill sites are the proximity to sensitive receptors such as urban areas, water resources, designated nature conservation areas, landscape and heritage sites and access.

10.2.3 The sieve analysis undertaken as part of this study indicates there to be little land that is totally free from the identified constraints. As a result, the main opportunities for non-hazardous landfill or surcharging operations in Hampshire, identified by the sieve analysis, suggests only five existing or restored sites are viable. Of these five sites identified, four are inactive sites and have already been restored, meaning that the only active site identified by the sieve analysis is the Blue Haze landfill site. However, this site has been withdrawn by the nominee as surcharging its not considered viable or deliverable by the current operator.

49 Recorded by the Environment Agency as household, commercial and industrial waste. 72 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

10.2.4 An additional active landfill site, Squabb Wood, was previously identified as a site that may potentially be suitable for an extension or surcharging, but was not identified by this sieve analysis on the basis of historical landscape constraints in the vicinity. However, it is clear on closer examination that the reasons for its exclusion should mean that the site is not completely ruled out, as mitigation against this constraint is already largely in place, as this is an existing operational site. Furthermore, this site would still be subject to rigorous assessment through the normal planning application process and therefore Squabb Wood is considered suitable for non-hazardous landfill surcharging subject to a number of development considerations.

10.2.5 The landfill of non-hazardous waste could also be considered through a proposal for mineral extraction at Purple Haze, should there be the need for this additional landfill void. Non-hazardous landfill could be used as part of the process to help restore this proposed mineral extraction site.

Table 10.2.1 Summary of opportunities for Non-hazardous landfill or surcharging in Hampshire

Name Status Opportunity for Blue Haze (Chatsworth) Active non-hazardous landfill Additional void through surcharging - nomination for Landfill, Ringwood Forest surcharging since withdrawn by nominee. Squabb Wood Landfill, Active non-hazardous landfill Additional void through lateral extension or Romsey surcharging at existing landfill Purple Haze, Ringwood Site has been nominated for mineral Potential new non-hazardous landfill following Forest extraction, with restoration to landfill mineral extraction

10.3 Assessment of estimating future waste arisings requiring landfill

10.3.1 The amount of waste requiring landfill in Hampshire in the future is difficult to predict as it is dependent on a number of variables such as the growth or shrinkage in waste arisings, the amount and type of new waste management facilities that begin operating, diverting waste from landfill, and the amount of commercial waste that is imported or exported due to market forces.

10.3.2 The Waste Data Summary Report(50) attempts to estimate the need for recycling, recovery and landfill facilities using an estimated growth figure in waste arisings of 0.5% across the plan period (up to 2030). There are a number of possible scenarios that could occur in the coming years but the aim to divert at least 95% of all waste arisings from landfill by 2020 (Scenario B) is realistic.

50 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Waste Data Summary Report Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 73

10.3.3 The following tables summarises the information from the Waste Data Summary Report and gives projections for the amount of waste that may be required to be disposed of to landfill (per annum) over the plan period. As Hampshire's waste has been landfilled outside Hampshire in the past, the table below shows two sets of projections based upon total self sufficency and continuation of waste exports. In 2009, approximately half of Hampshire's waste was landfilled in Hampshire and this figure has been applied to the data in the second protection. Both sets of data are based on a 0.5% waste growth figure and a 95% landfill diversion aim;

1. Hampshire planning for total self-sufficiency in landfill disposal capacity; 2. Hampshire continuing to export waste for landfill at approximately the same rate as in 2009;

Table 10.3.1 Estimated non-hazardous waste destined for landfill in Hampshire

Estimated landfill capacity required 2011-20 2021-30 Total (tonnes)

1. Self-sufficiency 2,632,000 1,281,000 3,913,000

2. Continuation of waste export1 1,850,000 576,000 1,761,000

Note: 1 Based upon 45% of non-hazardous waste requiring landfill being landfilled in Hampshire (as occurred in 2009).

Table 10.3.2 Estimated additional non-hazardous landfill capacity required to 2030

Scenario Landfill capacity Remaining void1 Balance Void required Requirement (tonnes) (tonnes) (m3)2 (tonnes)

1. Self-sufficiency 3,913,000 2,500,000 -1,413,000 -1,766,200 Deficit

2. Continuation of 1,761,000 2,500,000 +739,000 +924,000 Surplus waste export3

Notes: 1. Correct at end of December 2010. 2. Based on a conversion factor from tonnes to m3 of 0.8. 3. Based upon 45% of non-hazardous waste requiring landfill being landfilled in Hampshire (as occurred in 2009).

Non-hazardous landfill capacity required until 2030

The additional non-hazardous landfill capacity required up to 2030 for Hampshire to be self sufficient is estimated to be approximately 1,413,000 tonnes (1,766,000 cubic metres). 74 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

10.3.4 It should be noted that this requirement is based upon Hampshire being self sufficient in the provision of non-hazardous landfill - something which historically has not occurred. This total estimated need (void sufficient for 1,413,000 tonnes) could be provided by additional non-hazardous landfill capacity at the following two locations;

Table 10.3.3 Identified additional non-hazardous landfill capacity

Site Opportunity type Void (tonnes) Squabb Wood Extension or Surcharging at existing operational site Approx. 400,000 Purple Haze New site (dependent on prior mineral extraction) Approx. 4,000,000 Total Approx. 4,400,000

10.3.5 It is likely that non-hazardous waste for landfill will continue to be exported from Hampshire due to market forces, thus the requirement for landfill in Hampshire over the plan period could be lower than estimated above. However, there will be a continuing need for non-hazardous landfill in the Plan period. Along with the escalating costs for non-hazardous landfill, the ongoing diversion from landfill and the considerable start-up costs associated with engineering the void, it is considered that the size of the potential void (such as at Purple Haze) may not be required in the plan period.

10.3.6 The remaining inert fill void and/or locations for beneficial uses of inert waste to 2030 in Hampshire is estimated to be approximately 3 million tonnes at 31 December 2010. Based upon estimated future input levels of inert waste continuing at similar levels, and the potential void capacity from sand and gravel quarry proposals which will also require inert restoration material, it is considered that there is sufficient capacity to last beyond 2030. However, if this did prove to be insufficient in the long term, additional capacity is likely to be created by proposals for mineral extraction in the plan period. This potential void would require restoration with inert material and thus no additional inert landfill void is estimated to be required in the Plan period.

10.4 Summary

10.4.1 This study has identified a few areas which may be suitable for new landfill or surcharging of existing landfill. Although a sieve analysis has identified these sites as potentially suitable, on the basis that they are free from the major constraints considered, they would still be subject to a rigorous assessment via the planning application and determination process, and also require interest from suitable operators (hence the ruling out at this stage of surcharging at Blue Haze landfill).

10.4.2 Areas that have not been identified within the study as suitable, may also come forward providing that they can demonstrate sufficient mitigation against the constraint(s) which they are located within or adjacent to, and which caused them to be eliminated by this study. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 75

Glossary

Biological waste (bio-waste) Biological waste is waste containing mostly natural organic materials (remains of plants, animal excrement, biological sludge from waste-water treatment plants, etc.

Commercial Waste A legal definition relating to waste from premises used for trade, business, sport, recreation or entertainment, etc

Composting Aerobic decomposition of organic matter to produce compost for use as a fertiliser or soil conditioner.

Construction, Demolition & Waste generated by the construction, repair, maintenance and demolition of buildings and Excavation Wastes (CDE) structures. It mostly comprises brick, concrete, hardcore, subsoil and topsoil but can also include timber, metals and plastics.

Energy from Waste (EFW) Conversion of waste into a useable form of energy, either by incineration or by the production of gas.

Environmental Permit Anyone who proposes to deposit, recover or dispose of waste is required to have a permit. The permitting system is administrated by the Environment Agency and is separate from, but complementary to, the land-use planning system. The purpose of a permit and the conditions attached to it are to ensure that the waste operation which it authorises is carried out in a way that protects the environment and human health.

Hazardous waste Waste that contains hazardous properties that may render it harmful to human health or the environment. Hazardous wastes are listed in the European Waste Catalogue (EWC).

Household Waste Waste arising from domestic property which is used solely for the purposes of living, plus waste collected as litter from roads and other public paces.

Industrial Waste A legal definition relating to waste from any factory, industrial process (excluding mines and quarries) or premises used for services such as public transport or utilities, etc. Construction and demolition waste is classified as industrial waste.

Inert Waste Waste that does not normally require any significant physical, chemical or biological changes when deposited at a landfill site.

Landfill The deposit of waste into voids in the ground.

Low-level radioactive waste This is generally protective clothing, tools, equipment rags, filters, etc., that mostly contain (LLW) short-lived radioactivity. Although it does not need to be shielded, it needs to be disposed of in a different manner than when disposing of every-day rubbish.

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Solid waste collected by waste collection authorities, predominantly household waste.

Minerals Planning Authority The local planning authority (County and City Councils or National Park Authorities) responsible for planning control over mineral developments.

Non-hazardous landfill One of the three classifications of landfills made by the Landfill Directive, taking non-hazardous waste.

Non-hazardous waste Waste permitted for disposal at a non-hazardous landfill. It is not inert or hazardous and includes the majority of household and commercial wastes. 76 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Non-inert A material that can react chemically when mixed with others.

Physical Treatment Using physical means such as shredding, sieving or sterilisation to treat waste materials.

Recycling The series of activities by which discarded materials are collected, sorted, processed and converted into raw materials and used in the production of new products.

Special Waste Any waste with hazardous properties that may render it harmful to human health or the environment, also referred to as hazardous waste.

Void Space Unused licensed capacity at a landfill site.

Waste The Waste Framework Directive 75/442 (as amended) defines waste as “any substance that the holder discards or intends or is required to discard”.

Waste arisings Waste generated within a specified area.

Waste Collection and DisposalLocal Authorities responsible for waste collection (e.g. District, Borough and City Councils) and Authorities waste disposal (e.g. County and City Councils).

Waste Collection Authority The authority (generally a unitary, district or borough council) responsible in law for the collection of household and other municipal waste.

Waste Data Interrogator The Environment Agency's annually released data which contains information on waste received, waste removed and waste moved between permitted waste operators by local authorities and regional areas.

Waste Disposal Authority The authority (generally a unitary or county council) responsible in law for arranging for the management of household and other municipal waste.

Waste Hierarchy The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste. The revised Waste Framework Directive introduces a changed hierarchy of options for managing waste. It gives top priority to preventing waste. When waste is created, it gives priority to preparing it for re-use, followed by recycling, then other recovery such as energy recovery, and finally disposal (for example landfill). The Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2011 apply the requirements for the waste hierarchy.

Waste Planning Authorities The local planning authority (County and City Councils or National Park Authorities) responsible for planning control over waste disposal and other management related development. Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5) 77

Appendix 1 Constraint Details

1 Table A.1 presents a list of the Hampshire urban areas that are used to form the built-area constraints in Map 4.

2 Table A.2 presents a list of the principal aquifers in Hampshire, which form the designated constraints in Map 5.

3 Table A.3 presents a list of the international natural conservation designations in Hampshire, which form the designated area constraints in Map 8.

4 Table A.4 presents a list of the national natural conservation designations in Hampshire, which form the designated area constraints in Map 8.

5 Table A.5 presents a list of the national landscape designations in Hampshire which form the landscape constraints in Map 9.

6 Tables A.6 and A.7 present a summary of the national heritage designations in Hampshire which form the heritage constraints in Map 9.

7 Table A.8 presents the list of highways which form the Strategic Road Network, Primary Route Network and Local Road Network and which are presented in Map 10. 78 Assessment Table A.1 Urban Areas in Hampshire

Abbotts Ann Crawley Hayling Island Monxton Sopley Aldershot Crondall Hazeley Mortimer West End South Warnborough of Alresford Crookham Village Hazeley Bottom Nether Wallop Southampton Alton Damerham Hazeley Lea New Milton Southsea Need Ampfield Denmead Headley Newnham Southwick

Amport Dibden Purlieu Heckfield Newtown Sparsholt for Andover Dogmersfield Hedge End North Baddeseley St.Mary Bourne Anna Valley Downton Highclere North Waltham Stockbridge W aste Appleshaw Dummer Highfield North Warnborough Stoke

Ashford Hill Dunbridge Hook Northington Stuckton Manag Ashurst East Cholderton Horndean Nursling & Rownhams Swanmore Ball Hill East End Horsebridge Oakley Sway

Barton on Sea East Meon Houghton Odiham Tadley ement Barton Stacey East Stratton Hound Green Old Basing Tangley Basing East Tytherley Hurstbourne Priors Otterbourne Thruxton F

Basingstoke East Wellow Hurstbourne Tarrant Over Wallop Tichborne acilities Baughurst Eastleigh Ibsley Overton Tidworth Beaulieu Easton Ibthorpe Ovington Timsbury Bentley Ecchinswell Itchen Abbas Ower Titchfield in Bentworth Emsworth Kent's Oak Owslebury Totton Hampshire: Bishop's Waltham Enham Alamein Kimpton Palestine Twyford Bishopstoke Eversley Centre King's Somborne Pamber Green Up Green Bordon Eversley Cross Kingsclere Penton Mewsey Up Somborne Botley Eversley Street Kingsley Penwood Upper Chute Braishfield Ewshot Langstone Petersfield Upper Clatford Landfill Bramdean Faccombe Leckford Picket Piece Upper Froyle Bramley Fair Oak Lee-On-The-Solent Pikes Hill Upton Bramshill Fareham Linwood Pilley Upton Grey Bransgore Farnborough Liphook Plaitford Valley Park and Broad Oak Fleet Liss Portchester Vernham Dean Broadgate Fordingbridge Little Ann Portsmouth Warsash Surc

Brockenhurst Forton Little London Preston Candover Waterlooville harging Broughton Fritham Lockerley Quarley Well Buckler's Hard Froxfield Lock's Heath Ramsdell Wellow Burghclere Fyfield Long Sutton Ringwood West Tytherley R

Buriton Goodworth Clatford Longparish Romsey Weyhill e Burley Gosport Longstock Rotherwick Wherwell por

Bursledon Grateley Lower Common Rowlands Castle Whitchurch t Cadnam Grateley Station Lymington Selbourne Whitsbury (v5) Chalton Greywell Lyndhurst Setley Wickham Chandler's Ford Hamble Mapledurwell Shawford Wildhern Charter Alley Hambledon Mattingley Shedfield Winchester Chawton Hannington Micheldever Sherborne St.John Winchfield Hurst

Cheriton Hartfordbridge Michelmersh Sherfield on Loddon Wolverton Assessment Chilbolton Hartley Wintney Middle Wallop Shipton Bellinger Woodlands Chilworth Hatherden Milford On Sea Silchester Woolton Hill Cliddesden Havant Minstead Smannell Wootton St.Lawrence Copythorne Hawley Monk Sherborne Soberton Yateley of

Table A.2 Designated Principal Aquifers in Hampshire Need

Geological Formation Type Bargate Sandstone Member Sandstone for

Culver Chalk Formation Chalk W

Folkestone Formation Sandstone aste Glauconitic Marl Member Glauconitic Sandstone Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation Chalk Manag Holywell Nodular & New Pit Chalk Formation (Undifferentiated) Chalk Hythe Formation Sandstone Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation Chalk ement Lewes Nodular, Seaford and Newhaven Chalk Formations (Undifferentiated) Chalk

New Pit Chalk Formation Chalk F

Newhaven Chalk Formation Chalk acilities Portsdown Chalk Formation Chalk Seaford Chalk Formation Chalk

Seaford Chalk & Newhaven Chalk Formation (Undifferentiated) Chalk in

Spetisbury Chalk Member Chalk Hampshire: Stockbridge Rock Member Chalk Tarrant Chalk Member Chalk Upper Greensand Formation Calcareous Sandstone & Siltstone West Melbury & Zig Zag Chalk Formation (Undifferentiated) Chalk

West Melbury Marly Chalk Formation Chalk Landfill Zig Zag Chalk Formation Chalk and Surc harging R e por t (v5) 79 80 Assessment Table A.3 International Conservation Designations in Hampshire

Ramsar Sites Special Areas of Conservation Special Protection Areas (SAC) (SPA) Portsmouth Harbour Solent & Isle of Wight Lagoons Avon Valley of Solent & Southampton Water Woolmer Forest Chichester & Langstone Harbours Dorset Heathlands Dorset Heaths Dorset Heathlands Need Avon Valley Emer Bog New Forest

Chichester & Langstone Harbours River Avon Porton Down for New Forest Salisbury Plain Portsmouth Harbour Shortheath Common Salisbury Plain W aste Mottisfont Bats Solent & Southampton Water

Solent Maritime Thames Basin Heaths Manag Butser Hill Wealden Heaths Phase II River Itchen

East Hampshire Hangers ement The New Forest F acilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surc harging R e por t (v5) Table A.4 National Conservation Designations in Hampshire

National Nature Reserves Sites of Special Scientific Interest Assessment (NNR) (SSSI) Ashford Hangers Alresford Pond Landford Heath Martin Down Ashford Hill Woods & Meadows Langley Wood & Homan's Copse Titchfield Haven Avon Valley (Bickton-Christchurch) Langstone Harbour

Beacon Hill Baddesley Common Lee-on-the Solent to Itchen Estuary of Old Winchester Hill Basingstoke Canal Lincegrove & Hackett's Marshes Need Castle Bottom Beacon Hill, Warnford Loosehanger Copse & Meadows North Solent Bentley Station Meadow Lower Test Valley

Ashford Hill Bentley Wood Lye Heath Marsh for Butser Hill Bere Mill Meadows Lymington River W

Kingston Great Common Binswood Lymington River Reed Beds aste Langley Wood Blackwater Valley Mapledurwell Fen

Botley Wood & Everett's & Mushes Copses Martin & Tidpit Downs Manag Boulsbury Wood Micheldever Spoil Heaps Bourley & Long Valley Moorgreen Meadows Bramshill Mottisfont Bats ement Bramshott & Ludshott Commons Noar Hill Bransbury Common Norley Copse & Meadow F

Breamore Marsh North Solent acilities Brickworth Down & Dean Hill Odiham Common with Bagwell Green & Shaw Brockley Warren Old Burghclere Lime Quarry

Broughton Down Old Winchester Hill in

Browndown Pamber Forest & Silchester Common Hampshire: Broxhead & Kingsley Commons Peake Wood Burghclere Beacon Poors Common Burton Common Porton Down Butser Hill Portsdown

Butter Wood Portsmouth Harbour Landfill Castle Bottom to Yateley & Hawley Commons Quarley Hill Fort Catherington Down Ratlake Meadows Cheesefoot Head River Avon System Chichester Harbour River Itchen and

Chilbolton Common River Test Surc Combe Wood & Linkenholt Hanging Ron Ward's Meadow with Tadley Pastures

Coombe Wood & The Lythe Roydon Woods harging Coulter's Dean Rushmore & Conholt Downs Crab Wood Salisbury Plain Cranborne Common Selborne Common R

Danebury Hill Shortheath Common e por Dibden Bay Sidley Wood

Downend Chalk Pit Sinah Common t (v5) Dunbridge Pit Southampton Common 81 82 Assessment National Nature Reserves Sites of Special Scientific Interest (NNR) (SSSI) Duncroft Farm Pit Sowley Pond East Aston Common St Catherine's Hill Ebblake Bog Stanford End Mill & River Loddon of Eelmoor Marsh Stockbridge Common Marsh Need Eling & Bury Marshes Stockbridge Down Fleet Pond Stockbridge Fen

Fletchwood Meadows The Moors, Bishop's Waltham for Foxlease & Ancell's Meadows The New Forest W

Galley Down Wood The Wild Grounds aste Gilkicker Lagoon Titchfield Haven

Greenham & Crookham Commons Toyd Down & Quarry Manag Greywell Fen Trodds Copse Greywell Tunnel (Basingstoke Canal) Upper Greensand Hangers: Empshott to Hawkley Hazeley Heath Upper Greensand Hangers: Wyck to Wheatley ement Heath Brow Upper Hamble Estuary & Woods Highclere Park Waltham Chase Meadows F

Highcliffe to Milford Cliffs Warblington Meadow acilities Hogs Hole Warnborough Green Hook Common & Bartley Heath Wealden Edge Hangers

Hook Heath Meadows West Minley Meadow in

Hurst Castle & Lymington River Estuary West Woodhay Down Hampshire: Hythe to Calshot Marshes Whiteparish Common Knighton Downs & Wood Wick Wood & Worldham Hangers Ladle Hill Woolmer Forest Landford Bog Landfill Table A.5 National Landscape Designations in Hampshire

National Parks Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and New Forest Cranborne Chase & West Wiltshire Downs Surc South Downs East Hampshire

North Wessex Downs harging R e por t (v5) Table A.6 National Heritage Designations in Hampshire (A)

Scheduled Ancient Monuments Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Registered Assessment (SAM) Historic Interest Battlefields (Listed Buildings) Total of 795 registrations Total of 14,151 listed buildings: Total of 1 registration: Not listed due to quantity. Grade I: 223 listings Battle of Cheriton 1644

Grade II*: 632 listings of Grade II: 13,296 listings Need Total of 3,720 local historic buildings for W aste Manag ement F acilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surc harging R e por t (v5) 83 84 Assessment Table A.7 National Heritage Designations in Hampshire (B)

National Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest (Total 57 registrations) Amport Park Little Boarhunt of Avington Park Magdalen Hill Cemetery Avon Tyrrell Marsh Court Need Awbridge Danes Military Cemetery, Aldershot

Basing House Minley Manor for Biddesden House Mottisfont Abbey Bramdean House Moundsmere Manor W aste Bramshill Park Old Alresford House

Breamore Pylewell Park Manag Broadlands Rhinefield House Brockenhurst Park Rotherfield Park

Cadland House Royal Victoria Country Park,Formerly Royal Victoria Military Hospital ement Central Parks, Southampton Sandleford Priory Chawton House Sir Harold Hillier Gardens & Arboretum F

Compton End Southampton Cemetery acilities Cranbury Park Southsea Common Dogmersfield Park Sparsholt Manor Garden Elvetham Hall Stansted Park in Embley Park Stratfield Saye Park Hampshire: Exbury House Stratton Park Hackwood Park The Grange, Northington Hale Park The Manor House, Upton Grey Heckfield Place The Royal Hospital, Haslar Herriard Park The Vyne Landfill Highclere Park The Wakes Houghton Lodge Townhill Park Hurstbourne Park Tylney Hall Kingston Cemetery Victoria Park and Lainston House Warbrook House Laverstoke Park Warnford Park Surc

Leigh Park (Staunton Country Park) Wilbury House harging R e por t (v5) Table A.8 Access Constraints: Hampshire Minerals and Waste Lorry Routes

Road Route Location Type Assessment M3 Chilworth to Hawley Motorway* M27 Cadnam to Cosham Motorway* A3(M) Catherington to Bedhampton Motorway* A3 Bramshott Chase to North Harbour & Landport to Old Porstmouth Trunk Road* A27 Cosham to Emsworth, Lowford to North Harbour & Sherfield English to Romsey Dual/ Single carriageway

A30 Blackwater to Hook & Hollam Down to Chilbolton Down via Stockbridge Single carriageway of A31 Bentley to Winchester & Ringwood to Cadnam Trunk Road* Need A32 Chawton to Gosport via Fareham Single carriageway A33 Riseley to Basingstoke & Chilworth to Redbridge via Southampton Single carriageway

A34 Wash Water to Winchester Trunk Road* for A35 Burton Common to Redbridge via Lyndhurst Single carriageway

A36 Plaitford to Ower Single carriageway W

A272 Chilbolton Down to Worthy Down & Chilcomb Down to Sheet via Petersfield Single carriageway aste A287 Bartley Heath to Ewshot Single carriageway

A288 Milton to Old Portsmouth via Southsea Single carriageway Manag A303 Parkhouse Corner to North Waltham Trunk Road* A323 Aldershot Single carriageway

A325 Farnborough to Aldershot & Holt Pound to Greatham via Bordon Single carriageway ement A326 Ower / Rushington to Holbury Single carriageway A327 Eversley to Farnborough via Yateley Common Single carriageway

A331 Farnborough to Aldershot Dual carriageway F A334 Shedfield to Wickham Single carriageway acilities A335 Swaythling to Bevois Valley (Southampton) Single carriageway A337 Cadnam to Highcliffe via Lyndhurst and Lymington Single carriageway A338 Shipton Bellinger to Cholderton & Downton to Ringwood via Fordingbridge Single carriageway in A339 Headley to Alton via Basingstoke Single carriageway A343 Wash Water to Roche Court Down via Andover Single carriageway Hampshire: A2030 Drayton to Milton Single carriageway A3024 Nichols Town (Southampton) To Lowford Single carriageway A3057 Andover to Upton via Stockbridge & Romsey Single carriageway A3090 Romsey to Wigley Single carriageway

A3093 Andover Single carriageway Landfill B2177 Fisher's Pond to Shedfield via Bishop's Waltham Single carriageway B3004 Alton to Sleaford Single carriageway B3053 Holbury to Calshot Single carriageway

B3081 Ebblake to Ashley Heath Single carriageway and B3349 Riseley to Bartley Heath via Hook Single carriageway

B3334 Titchfield to Elson (Gosport) Single carriageway Surc B3335 Twyford Single carriageway

B3354 Colden Common Single carriageway harging B3385 Fort Fareham to Lee-on-the-Solent Single carriageway B4640 Newtown to Tot Hill Single carriageway - Harbridge Drove and The Belt Single carriageway R e Part of the Strategic Road Network (SRN) managed by the Highways Agency for the Department of Transport. por t (v5) 85 86 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Appendix 2 Sites considered for landfill

The sites listed below have been nominated for their potential to provide additional disposal capacity (including landfill, land raising and surcharging). A large number of site options have been considered although it is apparent that feasible opportunities are very limited. The majority of the nominations have been considered less suitable at the initial stages due to environmental constraints or historic management or enforcement issues at the sites. One new site and one site currently permitted for landfill ('existing site') have been identified as potentially being suitable for providing additional non-hazardous landfill capacity however.

There are only a few existing sites considered to have potential at this stage (as explained in Summary of findings). To summarise, the site nominations are categorised below as either:

Nomination withdrawn Nomination considered less suitable Opportunities dependent on mineral extraction- inert infilling (this category applies to those nominations which could only provide for landfill of inert material, if mineral extraction took place in future- there is currently no landfill void). Please note mineral extraction is not currently being proposed at these sites. Existing site- opportunities for inert infilling (e.g to restore existing minerals workings at this location). Existing- opportunities for non-hazardous landfill. New site - new opportunity for non-hazardous landfill. Table A.9 Sites nominated for disposal to land (listed by relevant district)

Nominated Site Indicative landfill potential identified Site Considerations Assessment findings Assessment

Redlands Farm, Ashford Inert Landfill to raise levels following Proximity to sensitive receptors, need to assess access roads, impact on RoW Nomination not considered Hill (a-c) mineral extraction footpaths and bridleway. suitable Residential properties lie in close proximity to the east of the site.

Nomination Site Code: Ancient woodland and SSSI lies round the southern and western boundary of the of

BSD001 site. Need

Apsley Manor (b) Inert Landfill to raise levels following Hydrogeology - Overlying Principal Aquifer (EA Objection) and site lies within Nomination not considered for

mineral extraction Source Protection Zone 2. suitable W

[Nominated Feb 2006] Hurstbourne Priors Conservation Area lies under 1km to the east of the site. aste

Nomination Site Code: Manag BSD009 ement

Apsley Manor (c) Inert Landfill to raise levels following Hydrogeology - Overlying Principal Aquifer (EA Objection) and site lies within Nomination not considered

mineral extraction Source Protection Zone 2. suitable F [Nominated Feb 2006] A couple of residential properties lie under 0.40km south west of the site. acilities Hurstbourne Priors Conservation Area lies under 1km to the east of the site. Nomination Site Code: BSD010 in Hampshire:

Apsley Landfill Site Phase 3 New Landfill (Extension of existing Hydrogeology - Overlying Principal Aquifer (EA Objection) and site lies within Nomination not considered Landfill Site) Source Protection Zone 2. suitable [Nominated May 2005] Hurstbourne Priors Conservation Area lies under 1km to the east of the site. Landfill

Nomination Site Code: and BSD014 Surc

Grooms Farm Landfill, Extraction of gault clay and sand and Parts of site lie on a principal aquifer. Opportunities dependent on harging Frithend infilling of the resultant void (1.2 - 1.6 M Site lies adjacent to Site of Importance for Nature Conservation. mineral extraction - inert cu.m is anticipated) with non hazardous Two RoW footpaths run along the southern and western boundary as well as a infilling [Nominated Sept 2005] waste. R

By-way running along the eastern boundary of the site. e por Nomination Site Code: t

EHS002 (v5) 87 88 Assessment Nominated Site Indicative landfill potential identified Site Considerations Assessment findings

Drift Road Sand extraction & waste disposal infilling Site lies within 1km of the Bordon/Whitehill SDA area. Nomination not considered Site overlies principal aquifer. suitable [Nominated Feb 2006] Site lies within SDNP, and within 250m of AONB. Site lies adjacent to SPA and of

SSSI. Need Nomination Site Code: Lies adjacent to conservation area and historic buildings. EHS010 A school lies adjacent. for W

Hazleton Interchange Clay extraction and subsequent infill of Site overlies source protection zones. Nomination not considered aste (Existing site ref: EH130) waste Small section of the site may be at risk from flooding. suitable Manag [Nominated May 2005] Site lies adjacent to SDNP. Site lies adjacent to local nature designations. Nomination Site Code: ement EHS022 Good access to J2 of A3(M). Previous landfill proposal reject at appeal F

Land at Southleigh Forest Domed landform with after-use being Ancient woodland scattered about Blackbushe Copse. Nomination not considered acilities managed woodland/forestry Access is contentious. suitable [Nominated Dec 2002] Close to boundary of South Downs National Park in Visibility issue related to size of the site - Boundary of Area of Outstanding Natural Hampshire: Beauty and proposed South Downs National Park Nomination Site Code: EHS024 Landfill Mays Coppice, Southleigh The site was originally part of an Onyx Significant environmental factors preventing the site's use for landfill. Nomination not considered Forest, Rowlands Castle proposal for landfill, however it was There are visual issues in relation to the site as it is within the countryside, on a suitable

subsequently withdrawn. slope and there are views of the site from Rowlands Castle. and Nomination Site Code: There are also ancient woodland and nature conservation issues, such as the EHS025 Site was originally suggested for a landfill, surrounding woodland, an AONB within 250m and the South Downs National Surc however a number of significant issues Park located immediately north of the site. harging preventing this was identified. A section of the site overlies a Source Protection Zone 1 and there is relatively poor highways access. R e por Bordon Sandpit, Bordon Low level restoration with inert waste The site has a history of enforcement issues. Nomination not considered t

(Existing site ref: EH046) (approx 0.5 million cubic metres) and There are problems concerning the nature conservation and restoration suitable (v5) [Nominated Feb 2007] associated recycling. SSSI, SPA and LNR lie south east of the site. Site lies on a principal aquifer and flood zones 2 and 3 run along the western boundary of the site. Nominated Site Indicative landfill potential identified Site Considerations Assessment findings

Nomination Site Code: Assessment EHS028

Pickwell Farm, Old Netley, Landfill with imported waste, to be Transportation Issues and traffic problems through Old Netley Opportunities dependent on

Hound, Eastleigh returned to existing agricultural land use. Priors Hill Brickwork and Priors Hill/Hound Grove, Site of Importance for Nature mineral extraction - inert of

Conservation lie adjacent to the site infilling Need [Nominated 2002] Residential properties lie adjacent to the site

A footpath lies within the site for Nomination Site Code:

ELH001 W aste

Land at Chilling Lane, Nominated for waste disposal infilling Access through Hook village would be unacceptable. Opportunities dependent on Manag Hook, Warsash following extraction. Was identified as an Adjacent to Lee-on-the-Solent to Itchen SSSI. mineral extraction - inert

omission site (i.e. previously ruled out) in Sites of wildlife interest developing on the site, a former gravel workings. infilling ement [Nominated Feburary 2006] Hampshire County Council's Local Plan Site adjacent to a Local Nature Reserve. Inquiry 1995 (Omission Site 38). The southern part of the site has ecological value. Nomination Site Code: F FHM002 acilities

Eversley Quarry Waste disposal (landfilling) of inert waste The site lies within an SSSI and SPA and Castle Bottom National Nature Reserve Existing site- opportunities in arisings. lies adjacent to the north boundary of the site for inert infilling Hampshire: [Nominated May 2005] Site is progressively restored to Heathland Forms part of preferred area two of the Minerals and Waste Local Plan. Nomination Site Code: To the north east Flood zones 2 and 3 lie close to the site. HRT004

A RoW bridleway and footpath run through the site Landfill

Bramshill Quarry Site has planning consent for land-won Good access via the A30 and A327 Existing site - opportunities

(Existing site ref: HR042) mineral extraction and processing, The site lies within SPA and SSSI for inert infilling and [Nominated May 2005] however it is nominated for waste disposal A RoW bridleway runs along the north side of the site (landfilling) of inert waste arisings. Surc A Scheduled Ancient Monument lies within the site Nomination Site Code: HRT005 The site lies on Thames Basin Heaths SPA and Bramshill and Castle Bottom to harging Yateley and Hawley Common SSSI's

Warren Hill Plantation 1 Waste recycling, secondary aggregate and Good site and good access. Nomination withdrawn R e inert waste disposal. Likely to be potential flooding and pollution issues. por Nomination Site Code: There are significant visual issues as the site is highly visible from a number of t HRT011 public vantage points. (v5) 89 90 Assessment Nominated Site Indicative landfill potential identified Site Considerations Assessment findings

The site is currently open agricultural land. Hart District Council would want to see the woodland cover retained. Need to avoid impact on Site of Importance for Nature Conservation. of Effects on soils, biodiversity and Hampshire parks and gardens. Need Residential properties within 250m.

Located in aerodrome safeguarding area. for W

Land adjacent to Busta Infill with inert waste Environmental designations SSSI, NNR and Thames Basin Heath (SPA) lie round Opportunities dependent on aste Farm, Eversley the site. mineral extraction - inert RoW footpath and bridleway lie south and north of the site. infilling Manag [Nominated Dec 2008] In Farnborough aerodrome safeguarding area. ement Nomination Site Code: HRT013 F acilities Little Ramley Farm Extraction of sand and gravel, possible Lies within New Forest National park. Nomination not considered waste disposal infilling Access problems. suitable Nomination Site Code: RoW footpath runs through the site in

NFT008 Hampshire: The closest residential properties lie along the north east boarder and to the south east of the site. Environmental designations New Forest SSSI and SAC lie to the south of the site.

Bleak Hill 3, Harbridge Site identified as was included in the This site would be considered to be an extension to existing permitted operations. Nomination not considered Landfill previous Hampshire, Portsmouth and Well enclosed and contained landscape, with minimal landscape sensitivities. suitable [Nominated Oct 2006] Southampton Minerals and Waste Local Plan Three residential properties adjacent to site, otherwise it is isolated. 1998 (Preferred Area 5) for sand and

Within aerodrome safeguarding area. and Nomination Site Code: gravel extraction. This would be an NFT009 extension to Hamer Warren, with possible Lack of landowner willingness to release land for extraction. Surc infilling with waste. harging R e por t (v5) Nominated Site Indicative landfill potential identified Site Considerations Assessment findings

Land at Verwood Road Extraction of sand followed by restoration The site is mostly coniferous plantation and part of Ringwood Forest area lying to Opportunities dependant Assessment (Purple Haze). Site located including provision of substantial the west of the River Avon and Ringwood Town itself. on mineral extraction - south of Blue Haze (existing non-hazardous landfill site or water The site extends to over 2 km but is relatively narrow. possible opportunities for landfill). features, which could have a nature Few local residents immediately adjacent to the site and is well screened by the non-hazardous landfill if conservation interest or extension to the coniferous plantations. other identified capacity [Nominated May 2005] Moors Valley Country Park. Restoration Large site with deep sand deposit, relatively remote from urban areas and residential does not come forward or of would be to original ground levels, but properties. is not sufficient. Need not likely to be operating until towards Nomination Site Code: Site can easily accommodate mitigation measures to offset development impacts. NFT011 the end of the plan period. Site lies on for the Hampshire / Dorset border to the Located within the Moors Valley Country Park.

west of the B3081 Verwood Road. European nature conservation designations (including Ramsar, Special Area of W

Conservation, Special Protection Area and Site of Special Scientific Interest) within aste 250m. Site is within Bournemouth Airport Safety Exclusion Zone- this affects but does Manag not rule out the use of this site for minerals/ waste development. ement

Forest Lodge Farm, Three areas nominated - A (5.6 ha), B & Need to protect the New Forest Site of Special Area of Conservation, Special Opportunities dependent on

Hardley, Hythe C (10.8 ha). Site A proposed for sand and Protection Area (SPA) and other nature conservation designations. mineral extraction - inert F acilities gravel extraction with restoration to a Appropriate measure necessary to protect underlying aquifer. infilling Nomination Site Code: combination of grazing and nature Need to safeguard Solent Way public right of way. conservation interest (comprising inert NFT018 Located near to residential properties. infilling to restore the site to original in levels). Hampshire: Landfill

Bickton Corner Extraction of sand and gravel, the amount Less that 1 km from New Forest National Park boundary. Nomination not considered

is to be determined. Site has potential for Special Protection Area/ Site of Special Scientific Interest/ Ramsar site within suitable and [Nominated Feb 2006] inert landfill restoration. Non-hazardous 250m. landfill restoration is unlikely due to the Site is within an Environmentally Sensitive Area. Surc Nomination Site Code: Avon Valley location.

Adjacent to residential properties, North Gorley village 500m to the east. harging NFT026 Within aerodrome safeguarding area R e por t (v5) 91 92 Assessment Nominated Site Indicative landfill potential identified Site Considerations Assessment findings

Cobley Wood Farm (a) Extraction of 2 million tonnes of sand and Elevated edge of terrace landform that is significantly sensitive- plateau terrace that Nomination not considered (Existing site ref: NF171) gravel, restoration by landfill (combined falls steeply into Avon Valley allowing long distance views into the site. suitable

[Nominated Feb 2006] with Cobley Wood Farm b). Up to Adjacent to Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation and surrounded by of

250,000 cubic metres of landfill void space woodlands, site itself is of limited value. Need Nomination Site Code: will be created (combined with Cobley Residential properties adjacent. NFT031 Wood Farm b). Site has potential for

Site is within aerodrome safeguarding zone. for non-hazardous landfill restoration and RoW footpath crosses site

inert landfill restoration. W aste Cobley Wood Farm (b) Extraction of 2 million tonnes of sand and Elevated edge of terrace landform that is significantly sensitive- plateau terrace that Nomination not considered

(Existing site ref: NF171) gravel, restoration by landfill (combined falls steeply into Avon Valley allowing long distance views into the site. suitable Manag [Nominated Feb 2006] with Cobley Wood Farm a). Up to 250,000 Adjacent to Site of Importance for Nature Conservation and surrounded by cubic metres of landfill void space will be woodlands, site itself is of limited value. ement Nomination Site Code: created (combined with Cobley Wood Has archaeological potential. NFT033 Farm a). Site has potential for Residential properties within 250m. non-hazardous landfill restoration and Site is within aerodrome safeguarding zone. F inert landfill restoration. acilities RoW footpath crosses site.

Ringwood Forest Extraction of sand and gravel. Site has Contains area of Site of Importance for Nature Conservation and Site of Special Nomination not considered in potential for non-hazardous landfill Scientific Interest. suitable Hampshire: [Nominated Feb 2006] restoration and inert landfill restoration. Contains ancient monuments and has archaeological potential. The volume is to be determined. Adjacent to residential properties, including urban area. Nomination Site Code: Within aerodrome safeguarding zone. NFT039 Two RoW bridleways cross site and recreational usage. Landfill

Batchley Farm Extraction of sand and gravel. Site has Access problems, through residential area to get to A337. Nomination not considered potential for non-hazardous landfill Road junctions aren't good. suitable and [Nominated Feb 2006] restoration and inert landfill restoration. Contains a Site of Importance for Nature Conservation and ancient woodland. The volume is to be determined. Sensitive visual receptors, high biodiversity and tranquility sensitivities. Surc Nomination Site Code: Site incorporates two Sites of Importance for Nature Conservations.

NFT044 harging Adjacent to residential properties, including urban areas. Crossed by a RoW bridleway, and possible recreation activity on site. R

Kings Farm Extraction of sand and gravel. Site has Access problems, through residential area to get to A337. Nomination not considered e potential for non-hazardous landfill Road junctions aren't good. suitable por

[Nominated Feb 2006] restoration and inert landfill restoration. Moderate visual sensitivity, mitigated by hedgerows. t The volume is to be determined. (v5) Adjacent to residential properties, including an urban area. Nomination Site Code: NFT045 Site crossed by RoW footpath, with informal recreation by surrounding urban areas. Nominated Site Indicative landfill potential identified Site Considerations Assessment findings

Hucklesbrook Farm (b) Extraction of approximately 2.3 million Next to New Forest National Park so may impact the setting of the National Park. Nomination not considered Assessment (Existing site ref: N105) tonnes of sand and gravel. Up to 920,000 Good site and best quality reserve that Hampshire has. suitable [Nominated Feb 2006] cubic metres of landfill void space will be River Avon SPA is a European Designation. created. Site has potential for inert landfill Need to consider impacts on hydrology. Nomination Site Code: restoration. Non-hazardous landfill

NFT046 restoration is unlikely due to the Avon Impacts may not just be local. Broad buffers would need to be established. of

Valley location and the high water table. Site adjacent to Site of Special Scientific Interest, with Special Area of Conservation, Need Special Protection Area and Ramsar site within 50m. Site contains listed buildings and is adjacent to listed buildings. for Potential flooding issues. Residential properties within and surrounding site. W aste Located within aerodrome safeguarding area.

Site crossed by RoW footpath, other recreational activity is possible. Manag

Blue Haze (North) Existing site nominated for sand Existing landfill area- access should be via the existing access onto the B3081. Existing Opportunities for ement Ringwood Forest extraction as an extension to the existing Proximity to European nature conservation designations to be considered. non -hazardous landfill - (Existing site ref: NF105) Blue Haze workings and non-hazardous Site lies within Ringwood forest and Home Wood SINC. though not currently [Nominated Dec 2005] waste disposal infilling. Existing supported by operator Protection of aquifer required. F operational site with approximately 2.5 acilities Nomination Site Code: million tonnes of permitted void capacity Visual impacts should be mitigated. NFT047 plus surcharging opportunities of approx. Site is within Bournemouth aerodrome safeguarding area (Airfield Birdstrike

400,000 tonnes over the existing site and Protection required). in

the adjacent restored Somerley landfill. RoW bridleway runs along the north part of the site (should continue to be Hampshire: Site located east of Ebblake and the B3081 safeguarded). and west of The Belt. Restoration to heathland would be required.

Gordleton Farm, Nr If this site is worked in conjunction with Adjacent to New Forest National Park. Nomination not considered Landfill Lymington Ramley Farm the site can yield a saleable Site is adjacent to active waste transfer station suitable resource of at least 435, 000 tonnes using Highway concerns. [Nominated Nov 2006] a conservation factor of 1.6 tonnes per cubic metres. and

Nomination Site Code: Surc NFT059 harging

Roeshot Hill, Christchurch Site nominated for sand and gravel Appropriate measures would be necessary to protect the New Forest National Park Opportunities dependent on (Hampshire-Dorest border, extraction and subsequently identified for and European Nature Conservation Designations. Mineral extraction - inert R north of the railway line) opportunities to deposit inert material to infilling e

Restoration should retain the openness of the South west Hampshire Green Belt por achieve restoration of the site. and contribute to landscape character. [Nominated February 2009] t Underlying aquifers. (v5) 93 94 Assessment Nominated Site Indicative landfill potential identified Site Considerations Assessment findings

Nomination Site Code: NFT061 of Need Glebe Farm Sand extraction - mineral is of a sufficient The site was put forward previously as an extension to Birchwood House which Nomination not considered quality to have wide range of uses; had lots of problems and lots of local opposition. suitable [Nominated Sept 2002] approx. 710,000 tonnes, allowing for Adjacent to listed buildings. for

margin of 10 m around site. Adjacent to residential properties. W Nomination Site Code: Further assessment of access required. aste TTV007

RoW footpath crosses the site. Manag Good access

Lee Lane, Nursling Waste disposal infilling Already worked and finished. Nomination not considered ement There is a recycling facility to the south east. suitable [Nominated Feb 2006] F acilities Nomination Site Code: TTV009 in Hampshire: Dunwood Nurseries, Inert landfill Site is adjacent to listed buildings. Opportunities dependent on Romsey Residential properties lie adjacent to the site. mineral extraction - inert The site is crossed by two RoW footpaths. infilling [Nominated 2005] Existing site access, but poor visibility due to the vertical alignment of the highway. Landfill Nomination Site Code: TTV010 and

Post Hill Farm Sand extraction (potential mineral void The site is opposite to the former Birchwood House Farm site, which had lots of Nomination not considered Surc 965,000 tonnes) with potential for inert local opposition. suitable

[Nominated Feb 2006] waste disposal infilling (665,000 tonnes). The site was a Preferred Area in a former Local Plan but had an Appeal Decision harging against it. Nomination Site Code: Site is likely to have landscape issues.

TTV011 Some visibility issues into site- further screening will be required. R e High potential for supporting protected species. por

Residential properties adjacent. t RoW footpath crosses site. (v5) Nominated Site Indicative landfill potential identified Site Considerations Assessment findings

Houghton Down Farm Expansion of Landfill Site overlies a principal aquifer and may be at some risk from flooding. Nomination not considered Assessment RoW exist close by. suitable [Nominated April 2007] Site lies within aerodrome safeguarding area.

Nomination Site Code: TTV014 of Need

Cutty Brow (a) Sand and gravel extraction and waste Visual issues. Nomination not considered for disposal infilling. Other suitable [Nominated Feb 2006] W aste

Nomination Site Code: Manag TTV015 ement Cutty Brow (b) Sand and gravel extraction and waste Visual issues. Nomination not considered disposal infilling. Ancient woodland lies adjacent on the western and northern side of the site. suitable

[Nominated Feb 2006] F

Two RoW footpaths run through the site. acilities

Nomination Site Code: TTV016 in Hampshire: Cutty Brow (c) Sand and gravel extraction and waste Poor quality - would be sold as hoggin. Nomination not considered disposal infilling. Well contained site. suitable [Nominated Feb 2006] May need better access.

Well screened site, but in a rural setting with no other extraction workings. Landfill One third of site is broad leaved woodland. Nomination Site Code: Overlies a principal aquifer.

TTV017 Adjacent to a farm complex, assumed to include a residential property. and Surc The Triangle, Ridge, Potential mineral yeld of 1.5 million Not financially viable to do the northern section (where the clay is) but may be Nomination not considered Romsey tonnes (planning application and suitable. suitable harging environmental statement - TVS 08924). Not feasible to implement southern section through (south of hedgerow). Nomination Site Code: Infilling of the area with waste materials Hydrological and ecology issues in the southern section. TTV019 will only be permitted provided that R Subject to appeal refusal e satisfactory restoration can be achieved. por

Infilling may be restricted to inert t

materials only. (v5) 95 96 Assessment Nominated Site Indicative landfill potential identified Site Considerations Assessment findings of

Ridge Quarry, Romsey Sand and Gravel quarry to be restored Restoring final phase (former processing and recycling area). Nomination not considered Need with backfill - inert. Restoration to be completed by September 2010. suitable [Nominated Dec 2005] for

Nomination Site Code: W

TTV023 aste Manag Shootash Wood Sand and Gravel extraction Access problems and are narrow lanes in the area. Nomination not considered suitable

Woodland may have nature conservation issues and drainage issues. ement [Nominated July 2006] There would need to be highway controls to stop access to the south. The junction to the north on the A27 is not good

Nomination Site Code: F TTV025 Likely to be hydrological issues acilities Inert landfilling has taken place in close proximity to the site at Woodington Farm.

Squabb Wood Area is situated to the south east of Existing landfill site- access should be via the existing access on the A27. Existing - Opportunities in

(Existing site ref: TV072) Shootash and north of the A27. RoW exist nearby (need to be safeguarded). for non-hazardous landfill Hampshire: [Nominated May 2006] Need to avoid impacts on Site of Importance for Nature Conservation adjacent to The operator has expressed that the site site and protect underlying aquifers. Nomination Site Code: is suitable for the expansion of the existing Need to mitigate against any adverse visual impacts including the setting of the TTV027 landfill void, potentially via an extension nearby listed building and the historic Embley Park. or surcharging on top of the existing void. Landfill Restoration to agriculture likely to be required. Site also nominated as suitable to accommodate other appropriate waste

technologies. and Surc harging Bunny Lane Landfill Nominated for non-hazardous waste Access could be via the existing access onto Bunny Lane (junction requires Nomination not considered landfill. Site located north of Romsey and upgrading). suitable

[Nominated Feb 2007] east of the A3057 (Timsbury). Site Site located within countryside location- impacts on landscape to be considered. R e

historically permitted for inert landfilling Adverse impacts on groundwater Source Protection Zones and aquifers should be por Nomination Site Code: and permission partially implemented. prevented. t

TTV032 Site largely owned by RF Salvidge Farms RoW through the site (need to be safeguarded- footpath runs along the northern (v5) Ltd. Other temporary waste management and western boundary of the site). activities are taking place within the Historic buildings lie adjacent to the site on the northern end vicinity. Nominated Site Indicative landfill potential identified Site Considerations Assessment findings

Appropriate measures would be required to protect residential amenity. Assessment Restoration to agriculture likely to be required. Permission for housing given by TVBC on adjacent Redlands brickworks site.

South Wonston railway Fulfilling of existing permission and Access problems. Opportunities dependent on of cutting completion of landfill of the site - to Restricted byway and RoW bridleway lie adjacent to the south of the site. mineral extraction - inert Need ensure that completion of the landfill is Site lies on a principal aquifer. infilling [Nominated Oct 2002] concluded within policy requirements. Residential properties lie within 300m to the west of the site. for

Nomination Site Code: W WCC013 aste Manag ement F acilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surc harging R e por t (v5) 97 98 Assessment of Need for Waste Management Facilities in Hampshire: Landfill and Surcharging Report (v5)

Appendix 3 List of referenced documents

European Union (EU)

Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste and repealing certain Directives. (2008)

Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC

Integrated Pollution, Prevention and Control Directive 2008/1/EC (2008)

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)

Government Review of Waste Policy in England - and its Action Plan (2011)

Waste Strategy (2007)

Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG)

Draft National Planning Policy Framework (2011)

Planning Policy Statement 10: Planning for Sustainable Waste Management (2010)

Planning Policy Statement 12: Creating strong safe and prosperous communities through Local Spatial Planning (2009)

Acts and Regulations

Environmental Protection Act (1990)

Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Regulations (1991)

Waste and Emissions Trading Act (2004)

Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations (2007 and 2010)

Others

The South East Plan (Regional Spatial Strategy for the South East) (2009)

WRAP Gate Fees Report (2011)

The Future of Waste – A Continuing Opportunity – Tolvik Consulting/Norton Rose (2011).

This document can be made available in large print, on audio media, in Braille or in some other languages.

For further information, please contact Planning Policy in the County Planning group:

Telephone: 0845 603 5634 or 01962 845517 Email: [email protected]

Write to: Planning Policy County Planning Economy, Transport & Environment Department Hampshire County Council Floor 1, Elizabeth II Court West Winchester SO23 8UD

Internet: www.hants.gov.uk/county-planning ______