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ICC-01/14-01/18-282-Anxb1-Red 18-09-2019 1/164 SL PT ICC-01/14-01/18-282-AnxB1-Red 18-09-2019 1/164 SL PT Original: English No.: ICC-01/14-01/18 Date: 18 September 2019 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER II Before: Judge Antoine Kesia-Mbe Mindua, Presiding Judge Judge Tomoko Akane Judge Rosario Salvatore Aitala SITUATION IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC II IN THE CASE OF THE PROSECUTOR V. PATRICE-EDOUARD NGAÏSSONA AND ALFRED YEKATOM Public Annex B1 Public redacted version of “Document Containing the Charges”, ICC-01-14/01-18-282-Conf-AnxB1, 19 August 2019 Source: Office of the Prosecutor ICC-01/14-01/18 1/164 18 September 2019 ICC-01/14-01/18-282-AnxB1-Red 18-09-2019 2/164 SL PT Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 9 II. THE SUSPECTS ...................................................................................................................... 12 A. PATRICE-EDOUARD NGAISSONA ............................................................................................ 12 B. ALFRED YEKATOM ................................................................................................................ 14 III. OVERVIEW OF THE ANTI-BALAKA ................................................................................... 15 A. GENERAL CONTEXT .......................................................................................................... 15 B. ORIGINS OF THE ANTI-BALAKA ...................................................................................... 17 a) CAMEROON-group .......................................................................................................... 17 b) ZONGO-group .................................................................................................................. 18 c) KALANGOI-group ............................................................................................................ 19 d) FRANCE-group ................................................................................................................ 19 C. THE ANTI-BALAKA AND SELEKA WERE ENGAGED IN AN ARMED CONFLICT IN WESTERN CAR ........................................................................................................................... 20 D. 5 DECEMBER 2013 ATTACKS IN BANGUI AND OTHER LOCATIONS ............................ 21 E. RESIGNATION OF PRESIDENT DJOTODIA AND ELECTION OF INTERIM-PRESIDENT SAMBA-PANZA........................................................................................................................... 22 F. FORMALISATION OF THE ANTI-BALAKA UNDER NGAISSONA .................................... 22 a) Structure of the Anti-Balaka .............................................................................................. 22 b) Coordination and Reporting .............................................................................................. 24 c) Discipline, the Police Militaire and ‘Fake’ Anti-Balaka ..................................................... 25 d) Money, Support, and Weapons ........................................................................................... 26 e) Training ........................................................................................................................... 27 f) Group Identity .................................................................................................................. 27 G. WIDESPREAD AND SYSTEMATIC ATTACKS AGAINST THE CIVILIAN POPULATION . 28 a) Policy of targeting the Muslim population in western CAR ................................................. 28 b) Destruction of Mosques ..................................................................................................... 30 c) Pillaging and Destruction of Muslim property .................................................................... 31 d) Expulsion of the Muslim population ................................................................................... 31 e) Recruitment and use of children in hostilities ..................................................................... 33 H. THE ARMED CONFLICT LASTED UNTIL AT LEAST THE END OF 2014 ......................... 33 IV. OVERVIEW OF THE CHARGED CRIMES .......................................................................... 34 V. INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF NGAISSONA ......................................... 35 A. OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 35 B. ARTICLE 25(3)(A) ............................................................................................................... 36 C. ARTICLE 25(3)(C) ............................................................................................................... 37 D. ARTICLE 25(3)(D) ............................................................................................................... 37 E. NGAISSONA’S CONTRIBUTIONS ...................................................................................... 37 a) NGAISSONA participated in developing the Strategic Common Plan and/or the Common Purpose and in the strategies to implement them ........................................................................ 38 b) NGAISSONA participated in the formation, organisation, and development of the Anti -Balaka 38 c) NGAISSONA coordinated, controlled, directed, and/or instructed the Anti-Balaka in at least five western Prefectures of CAR and in and around BANGUI, including by planning, monitoring, ensuring cooperation, issuing approvals, authorisations, and orders ........................................... 39 d) NGAISSONA provided the Anti-Balaka with means and/or money directly or indirectly, including for the preparation of attacks and purchase of weapons ............................................... 43 e) NGAISSONA procured, stored, and/or otherwise made ammunition available to the Anti- Balaka through its personnel or structures, including the National Coordination, or in other ways 44 f) NGAISSONA assisted in formulating, supporting, encouraging, and promoting the Anti- Balaka’s national policies, objectives, and agendas including by disseminating propaganda to the Anti-Balaka and others to achieve the criminal objectives of the Strategic Common Plan and/or Common Purpose that promoted an atmosphere of fear and hatred towards CAR Muslims ........... 44 ICC-01/14-01/18 2/164 18 September 2019 ICC-01/14-01/18-282-AnxB1-Red 18-09-2019 3/164 SL PT g) NGAISSONA falsely denied, justified, and/or provided misleading information about Anti- Balaka crimes against Muslim civilians to the international community, the CAR government, the media and the public ................................................................................................................. 45 h) NGAISSONA permitted, condoned, ratified, or encouraged the Anti-Balaka’s use or threatened use of force, coercion, and/or intimidation to unlawfully create, maintain or contribute to the persistence of enclaves in western CAR and the unconscionable living conditions of Muslim civilians within them, and to restrict or interfere with their access to, or the pro vision of, humanitarian aid and assistance ................................................................................................ 45 i) NGAISSONA tolerated, accepted, recognised, and/or promoted members of the Anti-Balaka who harboured anti-Muslim animus or had committed, or intended to, commit violent acts against Muslim civilians ........................................................................................................................ 46 j) NGAISSONA deployed, assigned, and/or maintained members of the Anti-Balaka in or around Muslim civilian areas and locations, who were undisciplined, harboured anti-Muslim animus, or intended to commit violent acts against Muslims......................................................................... 47 k) NGAISSONA failed to take action within his ability to impede, obstruct, or frustrate the Anti - Balaka’s commission of crimes against Muslim civilians ............................................................. 47 F. NGAISSONA HAD THE REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND INTENT .................................... 49 VI. INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF YEKATOM ............................................ 53 A. OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 53 B. ARTICLE 25(3)(A) .................................................................................................................. 53 C. ARTICLE 25(3)(B) .................................................................................................................. 55 D. ARTICLE 25(3)(C) .................................................................................................................. 55 E. ARTICLE 25(3)(D) .................................................................................................................. 55 F. ARTICLE 28 ........................................................................................................................... 56 G. YEKATOM’S CONTRIBUTIONS ......................................................................................... 57 a) YEKATOM participated in developing the Operational Common Plan and the Common Purpose and strategies to implement them .................................................................................. 57 i. The Common Purpose ..................................................................................................
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