UKBOTUH 1991 RESOURCES, PRODUCTION and DEMAND H%A I»O \S» - ***'

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W TRN : Hiii\loki±%.m Destination . 1,1+D.D UKBOTUH 1991 RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND h%A i»o \S» - ***' A JOINT REPORT BY THE OECD NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY AND THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY 1® ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPf AAT.ON AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION r~— ~ AND DEVELOPMENT " Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall proatote policies designed: " '—'" ld~achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; — to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and — to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium,Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971) and New Zealand (29th May 1973). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) was established on 1st February 1958 under the name of the OEEC European Nuclear Energy Agency. It received its present designation on 20th April 1972, when Japan became its first non- European full Member. NEA membership today consists of all European Member countries of OECD as well as Australia, Canada, Japan and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the Agency. The primary objective of NEA is to promote co-operation among the governments of its participating countries in furthering the development of nuclear power as a safe, environmentally acceptable and economic energy source. This is achieved by: — encouraging harmonization of national regulatory policies and practices, with particular reference to the safety of nuclear installations, protection of man against ionising radiation and preservation of the environment, radioactive waste management, and nuclear third party liability and insurance; — assessing the contribution of nuclear power to the overall energy supply by keeping under review the technical and economic aspects of nuclear power growth and forecasting demand and supply for the different phases of the nuclear fuel cycle; — developing exchanges of scientific and technical information particularly through participation in common services; — setting up international research and development programmes and joint undertakings. In these and related task., NEA works in dose collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, with which it has concluded a Co-operation Agreement, as well as with other international organisations in the nuclear field. Public en franfaii «ou» le utrc : LRANIUM IWI KESSOURCES. PRODUCTION ET DEMANDE RappcKI ctaNi rim|<iinlcmcnl par l.'AGFNCF DE L'Ot'DF. POI.tR I FNFRCHF M'n.F.AIRF. ETLA<;F:NCF PNTFRNAT^ONAI.F OF. L I^FROIE ATOMIOI'F ©OECD 1992 Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this publication should be made to: Head of Publications Service, OECD 2, rue Andr6-Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16. France PREFACE Since the mid-1960s, with the co-operation of their Member countries, the OECD Nuclear Energy- Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), have periodically published joint reports on world uranium resources, production and demand, commonly known as the'Red Book". This 1991 Interim Edition is the fourteenth in the series. It is based on information up to 1991. The previous publication was the 1989 Main Edition. The Main Edition of the Red Book is produced once every four years. It presents a comprehensive assessment of the uranium supply and demand situation at present and over the long-term (about 40 years). The basis for the assessment consists of estimates of uranium resources in several categories of assurance of existence and economic attractiveness, and projections of production capability, installed nuclear capacity, and related reactor requirements. Annual statistical data are included on exploration expenditures, uranium production, employment, and levels of uranium stocks. In addition to the global analysis, detailed national reports are provided concerning uranium resources, exploration, production activities, and relevant uranium policies. The shorter version of the Red Book, known as the Interim Edition, is also produced once every four years but is timed to come out two years after the Main Edition. Thus, one version of the Red Book is published every two years. The Interim Edition updates uranium resource estimates and the statistical information. Additionally, it provides a re-assessment of the uranium supply and demand situation. The re-assessment focuses on developments over the previous two-year period that impact on the short-term outlook (about 15 years). Data and information related to the long-term assessment are not included. The contents of this publication have been prepared on the basis of data solicited through questionnaires sent by NEA to its Member Countries and by the IAEA to those of its Member States. Although some countries prepared comprehensive national reports which are presented essentially in their original form (Chapter VI), a number of these reports were prepared by each Agency on the basis of the questionnaire responses it had received. Preparation of the remaining chapters of the report was divided equally between the two Agencies, with the NEA's responsibilities being carried out under the general guidance of the NEA Uranium Group. This report reviews the uranium supply position throughout the world by evaluating and compiling data on uranium resources, past and present production, and plans for future production. The data, provided by over 40 countries, are then compared with possible future reactor related uranium requirements. Recent levels of exploration for uranium are also reported and analysed. Some information on short-term uranium demand has been provided by national authorities in response to the questionnaires up to the year 2010. Longer-term projections of uranium demand were covered in the 1989 Main Edition of the report and will be addressed again in 1993. 3 Finally, it should be noted that in December 1991, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was established when the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) ceased to exist. The CIS is composed of the following 11 countries of the former USSR: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kirgiztan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzebekistan. Reference is also made to the Newly Independent States (NIS) in certain sections of the text concerning uranium demand. The NIS includes all areas that were commonly referred to in the past as the USSR, including Lativia, Lithuania, and Estonia which are not members of the CIS. A Statistical Update report, confirming the historical data and updating the short-term forecasts will be published in 1992. The reader will find an order form at the end of the report with which to request a free copy of this report. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Nuclear Energy Agency of OECD (NEA), Paris, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, would like to acknowledge the co-operation of those organisations (see Annex 2), which replied to the questionnaire submitted to them. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 13 I. URANIUM RESOURCES 20 A. Known Conventional Resources 20 B. Undiscovered Conventional Resources 25 C. Unconventional and By-product Resources 27 D. Resources in Non-Reponing Countries 29 II. URANIUM EXPLORATION 30 Introduction 30 A. Current Activities and Recent Developments 30 B. Exploration Expenditure Trends 36 III. URANIUM PRODUCTION 37 Background 37 A. Present Status of the Production Industry 37 B. Future Production Possibilities 44 C. Projected Production Capabilities 46 IV. URANIUM DEMAND 50 Background 50 A. Current Nuclear Generating Capacity Programmes and Reactor-Related Uranium Requirements 52 B. Nuclear Power Growth to 2010, and Projected Related Uranium Requirements 58 5 URANIUM SUPPLY AND DEMAND RELATIONSHIPS 62 A. Current Trends 62 B. Outlook to 2010 69 C. The Impact of Recent Developments on the Long-Term Perspective 72 NATIONAL REPORTS ON URANIUM EXPLORATION, RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION 74 Argentina 75 Australia 78 Belgium 85 Brazil 88 Bulgaria 91 Canada 94 Chile 107 China 109 Cuba 115 Denmark 116 Egypt 117 Finland 119 France 124 Germany 130 Greece 146 Hungary 149 India 152 Indonesia 154 Ireland 156 Italy 156 Japan 158 Jordan 162 Korea, Republic of 163 Malaysia 166 Mexico 166 Netherlands 169 Niger 171 Norway 173 Peru 173 Portugal 175 Romania 181 South Africa 183 Spain 186 Sweden 190 Switzerland 194 Thailand 197 Turkey 198 United Kingdom 201 United Stales 206 USSR 216 6 Viet Nam 227 Yugoslavia 232 Zambia 235 Zimbabwe 236 ANNEXES 1. Members

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