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Bulgaria Ministry of Environment and Water Fourth National Report 2005-2008 B U L G A R I A CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER 1 2 CONTENTS Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 4 Chapter 1 - Overview of the Biodiversity - Status, Trends, Threats...................................... 6 1.1. General data ................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.1. Flora .......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.2. Fauna ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1.3. Areas protection ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.1.4. Important Biological Resources ............................................................................................... 8 1.1.5. Genetic resources ...................................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Threats to the Biodiversity in Bulgaria ......................................................................... 9 CHAPITER 2: Current Status of National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans... 11 CHAPITER 3: Sectorial and Cross-sectorial Integration or Mainstreaming of Biodiversity ................................................................................................................. 14 3.1. FORESTSRY ............................................................................................................... 14 3.2. GAME MANAGEMENT AND HUNTING ............................................................... 17 3.3. AGRICULTURE ......................................................................................................... 18 3.4. FISHERY ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.5. WATER SECTOR ....................................................................................................... 24 3.6. ECONOMY, ENERGETICS, TRANSPORT, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ....... 25 3.7. TOURISM .................................................................................................................... 27 3.8. SCIENCE AND EDUCATION ................................................................................... 29 CHAPTER 4 - Conclusions: Progress towards the 2010 Target and Implementation of the Strategic Plan ......................................................................................................................... 31 4.1 Progress towards the 2010 Target ................................................................................ 31 4.2. Progress towards the Goals and Objectives of the Strategic Plan of the Convention 39 4.3. Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 43 Appendix I - Information concerning reporting Party and preparation of national report 45 Appendix II - Progress towards the Targets of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation and the Programme of Work on Protected Areas................................................................. 46 1. PROGRESS TOWARDS TARGETS OF THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION (2005-2008) ......................................................................................... 46 2. TARGETS PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS .......................... 55 Appendix III - List of contributing partners................................................................... 62 Appendix IV – Further sources of information .................................................................... 64 Appendix V - Information on National biodiversity monitoring system and application of Streamlining the European Biodiversity Indicators (SEBI 2010) ........................................ 67 3 Executive Summary The present report presents the enforcement of Convention on Biological Diversity by Republic of Bulgaria for the period 2005-2008. Chapter 1 provides general information about the biodiversity in the country and its status. On a territory of 111 000 sq. km. parts of 3 bio-geographic regions with different natural conditions are situated. This determines the rich species diversity, populations and natural habitats with high percentage of endemism. Bulgarian flora counts about 3900 vascular plants and 1300 lower plants; the fungi are around 5300 species, the lichens -709 species. 30369 animal species have been found. The vertebral fauna is represented by 210 fish species and sub-species, 18 species of amphibians, 37 species of reptiles, 428 bird species and 95 mammal species. The habitat diversity includes 977 habitat types at all hierarchy levels. At the end of 2008, the protected areas comprise 5.2 %, and the Ecological network NATURA 2000 comprises 33.89 % of the state territory, including 114 Special Protection Areas (SPA) in accordance with Bird Directive (20,3%) and 228 Sites of Community Importance (SCI) in accordance with Habitat Directive (29,5%). Chapter 2 provides an overview for National Strategy and National Biodiversity Conservation Plan (2005-2010). Long-term Strategic Goal and Strategic Target are presented, as well as Operative Targets and Priorities of the National BD Plan. The Plan includes 157 activities directed toward achievement of the said targets in the following directions: Working out of the biodiversity conservation legislative basis; National Strategies, Plans, Programmes and Methods; Increase of Capacity of the National Biodiversity Conservation Plan Enforcement; Development and Control of the National Ecological Network; Biodiversity Monitoring; Development of the Scientific Basis for the Biodiversity Conservation; Restoration and Maintenance Activities; Training and Public Informativeness Enhancement; Information Systems and Data Bases The most important results, difficulties and obstacles under the fulfilment of the plan are presented. Chapter 3 describes Sectorial and Cross-sectorial Integration. The frame of the policy for biodiversity protection is presented, as well as the contribution of the sectorial policies for decreasing the adverse impact from the human activities and sustainable management of the biological resources on the forestry, fishery, game, agriculture, transport, energetic, tourism and also the role of the science and education for creation of argumentation and scientific base for management decisions and practical actions and for nature protection education and capacity building. The major strategic documents are considered, which are on the basis of the corresponding policies. Chapter 4, first part provides an overview for Progress towards the Goal 2010 and Implementation of the Strategic Plan, Protection of the components of biodiversity on the ecosystem, habitat and biome level, Species conservation, Conservation of genetic diversity, Promotion of sustainable use and consumption, Species endangered by international trade, Threats to the biodiversity, including habitat loss, land use change and degradation, and unsustainable water use, invasive alien species, Challenges for biodiversity from climate change and pollution, ecosystem services, Protection of traditional knowledge, innovations and practices, Sharing benefit and financial resources. The second part of the chapter reviews Progress towards the Goals and Objectives of the Strategic Plan of the Convention made by Bulgaria, including the role of the CBD in biodiversity issues, 4 The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, international collaboration and cooperation, Improvement of financial, human, scientific, technical and technological capacity for implementation of the Convention, strategies and action plan, Communication, education, and public awareness. After the report, appendices are presented with: - Appendix I: Party and Report contact information; - Appendix II: Progress in Global Strategy for Plant Conservation and Programme of Work on Protected Areas; - Appendix III: List of contributing partners; - Appendix IV: Further sources of information. - Appendix V: Information on National biodiversity monitoring system and application of Streamlining the European Biodiversity Indicators (SEBI 2010) 5 Chapter 1 - Overview of the Biodiversity - Status, Trends, Threats 1.1. General data Bulgaria is located in the southeast part of Europe and it is placed in the central part of Balkan Peninsula. Bulgaria boarders on Romania, Serbia, Macedonia, Greece, Turkey and Black sea. Although with small area of 110 910 sq. km. the territory of the country comprises parts of 3 bio- geographic regions - alp, Black sea and continental. The various relief, geology, specific microclimatic conditions and the millenial human activity on the territory of the country determine the rich diversity of species, populations and natural habitats, many of which are with conservation significance. Considering the richness of the biodiversity, the country ranks among the first places in Europe. 1.1.1. Flora The richness of Bulgarian phytogen-fund, related to the relatively small territory of the country is rather significant. At present the Bulgarian vascular flora amounts approx. 3900 species, 906 genera and 159 families. The moss species are 760, fern
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