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ACADEMIE POLONAISE DES SCIENCES PALAEONTOLOGIA POLONICA -No. 15, 1965 PSANIMOSTEIFORNIES (AGNATHA) A REVIEW VVITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MATERIAL FROM THE LOWER DEVONIAN OF POLAND T1. Systematic Part .. PSAMMOSTEIFORM ES (AGNAT HA) - OG6LNY PRZEGL1\D I OPIS NOWEGO MATERIALU Z DOLNEGO DEWONU POLSKI Ir. Czesc Systematyczna BY L. BEVERLY HALSTEAD TARLO (W ITH 48 TE X T-F IGURES AN D 19 PLAT ES) WARSZAWA 1965 PANSTWOWE WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE REDAKTOR - RBDACfEUR ROMAN KOZLOWSKI Czlonek rzeczywisty Polskiej Akademii Nauk Mernbre de ('Academie Polonaise des Science s Redaktor techniczny - Redacteur techniq ue Weronika Sipowicz Adres Red akcji - Adresse de la Reduction Institut de Paleozoologie de I'Academie Polonaise des Sciences Warszawa 22, AI. Zwirki i Wi gury Nr 6 Copyright by Pnn stwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1966 Printed in Poland Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe - Wa rszaw a Naklad 800+250 egz, Ark. wyd, 20,75. Arkuszy druk, 10'°'..+19 wkladek. Pap. druk, sat. kl. Ill, 61 x 86, lOO g. Oddano do skladanla IS. IX. 1964 r, Podplsano do druku 19. 11. 1966 r. Druk ukoDczono w marcu 1966 r, Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellonsklego w Krakowie Zam . 367/64 CONTENTS Page Preface . VII Acknowledgements VII SYSTEMATIC PART Subclass Heterostraci LANK ESTER, 1868 . 1 Order Psammosteiformes BERG, 1940 .. 1 Suborder Tesseraspidida TARLO, 1962 2 Family Tesseraspididae BERG, 1955 2 Genus Tesseraspis WILLS, 1935 . 2 Tesseraspis tessellata WILLS, 1935 3 Tesseraspis toombsi TARLO, 1964 . 6 Tesseraspis mutabilis (BROTZEN, 1934) . 7 Tesseraspis orvigi TARLO, 1964 . 7 Tesseraspis denisoni TARLO, 1964 • 8 Tesseraspis talimaae n. sp. .. 8 Genus Oniseolepis PANDER, 1856 9 Oniseolepis dentata PANDER , 1856 . 9 Genus Kallostrakon LANKESTER , 1870. 10 Kallostrakon podura LANKESTER, 1870 11 Kallostrakon maeanuffi TARLO, 1964 . 11 Kallostrakon grindrodi T ARLO, 1964 14 Kallostrakon alieni TARLO, 1964 14 Family Corvaspididae DINELEY, 1953 . 15 Genus Corvaspis WOODWARD , 1934 . 15 Corvaspis king i WOODWARD, 1934 16 Corvaspis gratlculata DlNELEY, 1953 . 18 Corvaspis karatajuteae n. sp . .. 19 Gen. et sp, no v . 19 Family Weige1taspididae BROTZEN, 1933 . 20 Genus Weigeltaspis BROTZEN. 1933 . 20 Weigeltaspis alta BROTZEN, 1933 . 21 Weigeltaspis brotzeni TARLO, 1964 23 Weigeltaspis godmani TARLO, 1964 24 Weigeltaspis heint zi TARLO, 1964 25 Weigeltaspis sp. .... 26 Suborder Psammosteida KIAER, 1932 26 Family Drepanaspididae TRAQUAIR. 1899 26 Genus Drepanaspis SCHLUn!R, 1887 . 27 Drepanaspis gemuendenensis SCHLUTER, 1887 29 Drepanaspis sehrieli GROSS, 1933 33 Drepanaspis lipperti GROSS, 1937 . 35 Drepanaspis jaegeri TARLO, 1964 . 35 Drepanaspis earteri (McCoY, 1851) 36 Drepanaspls edwardsi TARLO, 1964 37 IV Page Genus Psephaspis 0 RVIG, 1961 38 Psephaspis williamsi 0RVIG, 1961 38 Psephaspis bystrowi T ARLO, 1964 39 Famil y G uerichosteidae T ARLO, 1964 . 40 Genus Guerichosteus TARLO, 1964 . 40 Guerichosteus kozlowskii T ARLO, 1964 . 4 1 Guerichosteus kotanskii T ARLO, 1964 50 Guerichosteus kulczyckii TARLO, 1964 50 Guerichosteus lefe ldi T ARLO, 1964 . 51 Gen us Hariosteus 'D.RLO, 1964 . .. 52 Hariosteus k ielanae T ARLO, 1964 . 52 Hariosteus lobanowsk ii T ARLO, 1964 . 55 Gen u s Schizosteus OBRUCHEV, 1940 .. 55 Schizosteus asatk ini OBRUCH EV, 1940 56 Schizosteus heterolepis ( P REOBRAJENSKY. 19 11 ) 57 Schizosteus torien sis MARK-KuRIK, 1965 . 59 Sc hizosteus striatus (GROSS, 1933) . 60 Schizosteus pern eri (R M:IC KA, 1929) . 63 Schizosteus wellsi T ARLO, 1964 63 F a m ily Pycnosteidae T ARLO, 1962 . 64 Genus Pycnolepis TARLO, 1964 64 Pycnolepis splendens (E ICHWALD. 1844) . 65 G e n us Pycno steus PREOBRAJ ENSKY, 191 1 68 Pycnosteus palaeformis PREOBRAJENSKY. 1911 69 Pycno steus pau/i MARK, 1956 . ... 71 Pycnosteus tuberculatus ( ROHON, 1901) . 73 Pycnosteus nath orsti OBRUCII EV, 1965 76 Pyc nosteus obruchevi T ARLO, 1964 . 78 Genus Ganosteus R OHON, 1901 79 Ganosteus stellatus ROHON, 1901 . 79 Ganosteus artus MARK-KuRIK, 1965 . 82 Ganosteus obtusus MARK-KuRIK, 1965 84 G e n us Tartu osteus OBRUCHEV, 1961 85 Tartuo steus giganteus (G ROSS, 1933) .. 85 Tartu osteus luhai MARK-KuRIK, 1965 . 89 Tartuosteus maximus M ARK-KuRIK, 1965 . 90 G e n us Yoglinia OBRUCHEV, 1943 .. 93 Yoglinia bergi OBRUCHEV, 1943 . 93 F a m ily P sammo le p id id a e TARLO, 1962 . 95 Genus Psammolepis A GASSIZ, 1845 . 96 Psammolepis paradoxa (AGASSIZ. 1845) 96 Psammolepis venyuko vi OBR UCHEV, 1965 100 Psammolepis undulata ( AGASS IZ , 1845). 103 Psammolepis proia M ARK-KuRU" 1965 106 Psammolepis abavica MARK-KuRIK, 1965 . 107 Psammolepis alata OBRUCH EV, 1965 . 109 Psammolepis aerata OBRUCHEV, 1965 . III Psammolepis arctica (KIAER, 1915) .. 112 Psammolepis groenlandica T ARLO, 1964 . 112 ?Psammolepis granulata (McCoY. 1848) 112 Family Psammosteidae TRAQUAIR, 1896 . 113 Genus Psammosteus A GASSIZ , 1845 11 4 Psammosteus megalopteryx (T RAUTSCHOLD, 1880) 115 Psammosteus maeandrinus AGASSIZ, 1845 124 Psammosteus praecursor Oanu cnsv, 1947 127 v Page Psammosteus marka e T ARLO, 1961 131 Psammosteus falcatus GROSS, 1942 134 Psammosteus waltergrossi nom. no v, 136 Psammosteus pectinatus OBRUCHEV, 1965 138 Psammosteus asper OBRUCHEV, 1965 138 Psammosteus tchernovi OBRUCHEV, 1965 139 Psamm osteus kiaeri TARL O, 1964 .. 140 Ge nus Crenosteus T ARLO, 1964 . 141 Crenosteus levis (O BRUCHEV, ill TARLO, 1964) 141 Ge n us Rohonosteus T ARLO, 1964 . 142 Rohonosteus ornatus (ROHON, 1899) .. 143 Rohonosteus complicatus (KJAER, 1915) 144 G enus Karelosteus OBRUCHEY, 1933 . 144 Karelosteus weberi OBRUCHEV, 1933 144 G en . et sp . indet. .. 146 Suborder Obruch eviida novo .... ... 146 Fa mily Obrucheviidae TARLO. 1964 . 146 G enus Obruchevia WHITLEY. 1940 . 147 Obruchevia heckeri (O BRUCHEV. 1936) 147 G enu s Traquairosteus T ARLO, 1964 . 150 Traquairosteus pustulatus (TRAQUAIR, 1897) 150 References .. ... 152 Alphabetical indices . .. 165 Index of authors .. 165 Palaeontological index . 167 Plates I-XI X and their legends. PREFACE The present work consists of the second part of a comprehensive review of the order Psammosteiformes - a group of the subclass Heterostraci (one of the major divisions of the Agnatha, or jawless vertebrates). Part I (General) of this review, which is published as a sepa­ rate volume - Palaeontologia Polonica No. 13 - contains an introduction to the Heterostraci as a whole, including a new interpretationof their internal anatomy, as well as sections on the following topics which relate exclusively to the psammosteids: an historical review of previous work; an account of the morphology of the psammosteids together with a discussion of their classification; an account of the growth of the dermal armour based on a detailed examination of its ornamentation ; a re-interpretation of the histology of the aspidin and den­ tine of the dermal armour with particular reference to their fine structure; an account of the stratigraphical range and geographical distribution of the group, and finally a discussion on the origin and evolution of the psammosteids. This work - Part II (Systematic), contains full descriptions of, and comments on, all available psammosteid material, while in addition problems relating to morphology or evolu­ tion are discussed when they pertain to particular specimens. Although much of the material is described here for the first time, previously described material has also been re-examined, enabling a comprehensive critical assessment to be made of the entire order. As can be seen from the List of Contents, the descriptions have been compiled in a systematic way based on the classification discussed in detail in Part I, and outlined briefly in my paper on the Clas­ sification and Evolution of the Heterostraci (1 962c). In consequence of the publication of this review in two distinct parts, an Appendix was included at the end of Part I so that all new taxa could be validated , thus preventing their remaining nomina nuda until this Part IT appeared. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe a special debt of gratitude to Professor R. KOZLOWSKI and Professor Z. KIELAN­ JAWOROWSKA of the Palaeozoological Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences and Warsaw University, for their constant help and encouragement over these last 9 years. I am also greatly indebted to the late Professor J. SAMSONOWICZ• , Dr. and Mrs. A. URBANEK, Dr. and Mrs. Z. Ko- TANSKI, Dr. and Mrs. J. KULCZYCKI, Dr. W. JESIONEK-SZYMANSKA, Dr. J. LEFELD and Dr. H. Lo- BANOWSKI, all of Warsaw, for their generous hospitality and assistance, and to the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Polish Ministry of Higher Education, the Percy Sladen Memorial Fund of the British Museum (Natural History) and the British Council , for their financial support for the field work carried out in central Poland. The present work could not have been so comprehensive without the long and stimulating discussions held with Professor D. OBRUCHEV in Moscow, and with Dr. ELGA MARK-KuRIK in VUI Tallinn, to both ofwhom I am also deeply grateful for their warm hospitality and for allowing me the free run of their extensive collections of psammosteids. I also wish to express my thanks to Professor J. ORLOV of the Palaeontological Institute, Moscow, and Professor K. ORVIKU ofthe Geological Institute, Tallinn, who helped to make my visit to Russia and Estonia in 1961, a valuable and enjoyable one, and to the Academy of Sciences ofU, S. S. R., the British Council and the D. S. 1. R. who arranged and financed the visit. My thanks are also due to Professor W. GROSS, Dr. H. JAEGER and Dr. and Mrs. H. WERMUTH of the Humboldt University, Berlin, for their hospitality and for the provision of facilities to examine material, some of which I borrowed, in 1956and 1958, and to the D. S. 1. R. and the British Council for their financial sup­ port for these visits. I am also greatly indebted to Professor E. A. STENSIO, Professor E. JARVIK and Dr. and Mrs. T. 0RVIG of Stockholm, for their kind hospitality and for the invaluable discussions I had with them as well as for the material I have been allowed to describe, and to Professor P. THORSLUND ofthe Palaeontological Institute, Uppsala, for allowing me to examine material. My warm thanks are also due to Professor A.
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    EESTI NSV TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA TOIMETlSED. XVU I(01DE I(EEMIA • GEOLOOGIA. 1968. Nr. 4 113BECTl151 AKAllEMHH HAYK 3CTOHCKOn CCP. TOM XVII XHMIHI • rEOJIOrH5L 1968, N. { E. MARK-KURIK, NEW FINDS OF PSAMMOSTEIDS (HETEROSTRACI) IN THE DEVONIAN OF ESTONIA AND LATVIA In recent years a number of psammosteid plates were found in the Middle and Upper Devonian of the Baltic states. These finds complement the material of psammosteids of the Main Devonia-n Field described by D. Obruchev and E. Mark-K,urik (1965). Among them there are plates unknown yet or known insufficiently. This new material has been used in restorations of various psammosteids (Obruchev, Mark-K,urik. 1968), but it needs a more detailed description. The present paper contains a description of the new plates and a rede- scription of those tound earlier, belonging to the following species: Tartttosteus maxim us Mark-K,urik Pycflosteus tuberculatus (Rohon) Ganosteus stellatus Rohon Psammolepis toriensis (Mark-K,urik) Psl. venyukovi Obruchev Psammosteus bergi (Obr.) Ps. liVOllicus Obr. Ps. praecursor Obr. The specimens described are kept in the Geological Museum of the Estonian Academy of Sciences under colI. Nos beginning with "Pi". The diagnoses (with some additions) and the occurrence are by D. Obruchev and E. Mark-K,urik (1965). DESCRIPTION fAMILY PSAMMOSTEIDAE TRAQUAIR, 1896 Genus Tartuosteus Obruchev, 1961 Tartuosteus maximuB Mark-Kurik, 1965 Figs 1-3 D i a g nos i s. Species of a very Jarge size. Width of branchial (57 cm) almost 1.5 times larger than its length. Lateral and hind margins nearly straight, lateral angle compar.atively acute.
  • Download Full Article in PDF Format

    Download Full Article in PDF Format

    Silurian and Devonian strata on the Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia) Peep MÄNNIK Institute of Geology, Tallinn Technical University, Estonia Ave 7, 10143 Tallinn (Estonia) [email protected] Vladimir V. MENNER Institute of Geology and Exploitation of Combustible Fuels (IGIRGI), Fersman Str. 50, 117312 Moscow (Russia) [email protected] [email protected] Rostislav G. MATUKHIN Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources (SNIIGiMS), Krasnyj Ave 67, 630104 Novosibirsk (Russia) [email protected] Visvaldis KURŠS Institute of Geology, University of Latvia, Raina Ave 19, LV-1050 Rīga (Latvia) [email protected] Männik P., Menner V. V., Matukhin R. G. & Kuršs V. 2002. — Silurian and Devonian strata 406 on the Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia). Geodiversitas 24 (1) : 99-122. ABSTRACT Silurian and Devonian strata are widely distributed on the islands of the Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos. The Silurian is represented by fossiliferous shallow-water carbonates underlain by variegated sandstones and siltstones of Ordovician age. The Devonian consists mainly of various red sandstones, siltstones and argillites, with carbonates only in some inter- KEY WORDS vals. The best sections available for study are located in the river valleys, and Silurian, in the cliffs along the coastline of islands. Type sections of most of the strati- Devonian, Sedov Archipelago, graphical units identified are located on the Matusevich River, October Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, Revolution Island. As the Quaternary cover is poorly developed on Russia, lithostratigraphy, Severnaya Zemlya, the Palaeozoic strata can be easily traced also outside the biostratigraphy. sections. GEODIVERSITAS • 2002 • 24 (1) © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • Fossils Provide Better Estimates of Ancestral Body Size Than Do Extant

    Fossils Provide Better Estimates of Ancestral Body Size Than Do Extant

    Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 90 (Suppl. 1): 357–384 (January 2009) doi: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00364.x FossilsBlackwell Publishing Ltd provide better estimates of ancestral body size than do extant taxa in fishes James S. Albert,1 Derek M. Johnson1 and Jason H. Knouft2 Abstract 1Department of Biology, University of Albert, J.S., Johnson, D.M. and Knouft, J.H. 2009. Fossils provide better Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA estimates of ancestral body size than do extant taxa in fishes. — Acta Zoologica 2 70504-2451, USA; Department of (Stockholm) 90 (Suppl. 1): 357–384 Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA The use of fossils in studies of character evolution is an active area of research. Characters from fossils have been viewed as less informative or more subjective Keywords: than comparable information from extant taxa. However, fossils are often the continuous trait evolution, character state only known representatives of many higher taxa, including some of the earliest optimization, morphological diversification, forms, and have been important in determining character polarity and filling vertebrate taphonomy morphological gaps. Here we evaluate the influence of fossils on the interpretation of character evolution by comparing estimates of ancestral body Accepted for publication: 22 July 2008 size in fishes (non-tetrapod craniates) from two large and previously unpublished datasets; a palaeontological dataset representing all principal clades from throughout the Phanerozoic, and a macroecological dataset for all 515 families of living (Recent) fishes. Ancestral size was estimated from phylogenetically based (i.e. parsimony) optimization methods. Ancestral size estimates obtained from analysis of extant fish families are five to eight times larger than estimates using fossil members of the same higher taxa.
  • Late Silurianœearly Devonian Tessellated Heterostracan Oniscolepis Pander, 1856 from the East Baltic and North

    Late Silurianœearly Devonian Tessellated Heterostracan Oniscolepis Pander, 1856 from the East Baltic and North

    Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2009, 58, 1, 43–62 doi:10.3176/earth.2009.1.05 Late Silurian–Early Devonian tessellated heterostracan Oniscolepis Pander, 1856 from the East Baltic and North Timan Tiiu Märssa and Valentina Karatajūtė-Talimaab a Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected] b Institute of Geology and Geography of Lithuania, Ševčenkos Street 13, LT 03223 Vilnius, Lithuania; [email protected] Received 12 August 2008, accepted 18 November 2008 Abstract. Pander (1856, Monographie der fossilen Fische der silurischen Systems der Russisch–Baltischen Gouvernements. Obersilurische Fische. Buchdruckerei Kaiserlichen Akademie des Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 91 pp.) first established four Oniscolepis and three Strosipherus species, which later, except O. magna, were referred to Oniscolepis dentata, the name fixed by Rohon (1893, Mémoires de l´Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg, 41, 1–124) as the senior synonym. Using modern techniques, we redescribe and illustrate morphological and histological varieties of its platelets, tesserae, and scales. No articulated specimen of O. dentata has ever been found. Fragments of head platelets, two branchial plates, an orbital plate (or tessera), and body ridge elements are described for the first time. The microstructure of scales of O. dentata specimens from the East Baltic and North Timan differs only slightly from that of scales from the type locality, Saaremaa Island, Ohesaare Cliff, which has fewer and finer dentine tubules and Sharpey’s fibre tubules than the specimens from North Timan. Oniscolepis Pander and Kallostrakon Lankester are united into a new family Oniscolepididae fam.