About This File: This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Misscans identified by the software have been corrected; however, some mistakes may remain. Cover photo: A stand of red alder at Cascade Head Experimental Forest near Otis, Oregon. The trees are from 14 to 20 inches in diameter. (U.S. Forest Service photo 325534) USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-161 Red Alder: A Bibliography With Abstracts Compiled by Charles F. Heebner, Natural Resources Research Technician Division of Forest Land Management, Department of Natural Resources Olympia, Washington and Mary Jane Bergener, Business Management Assistant Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Olympia, Washington Published in 1983 by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station Portland, Oregon Abstract Heebner, Charles F. ; Bergener, Mary Jane . Red alder : a bibliography with abstracts. Gen . Tech . Rep. PNW-161. Portland, OR : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Exper iment Station; 1983. 186 p. This bibliography lists 661 references to world literature through May 1978 containing information about red alder (Alnus rubra Bong. ). Included are publications about its taxonomy, biology and silvics, chemical and physical infor­ mat ion about its wood and fiber, studies on its nitrogen-fixing properties, and reports on industrial uses and economic considerations . Sources of cited publi­ cations are scientific journals, trade publications, special reports, and pop­ ular books . Abstracts or annotations are included for many references . Subject matter and author indexes are inc luded . Keywords: Red alder, Alnus rubra, bibl iograph ies (forestry) . Introduction This bibliography contains citations A copy of mo st cited works is on of literature containing information file at either the Forestry Sciences about red alder (Alnus rubra Bong. ). It Laboratory, 3625 93rd Avenue S.W. , is the res ult of organ izing references Olympia, Washington 98502, or the Forest collected for several red alder projects Land Management Center , Department of and is offered as an aid to additional Natural Resources , Olympia, Washington study on red alder . 98504 . All are readily accessible in Our search covered all index issues maj or libraries or through the USDA of Biological Abstracts , Chemical Forest Service WESTFORNET informat ion Abstracts , Forestry Abstracts , and system. Science Citation Index . We used computer We will appreciate hearing of bibliographic services to obtain cita­ additional documents about red alder tions from BIOSIS REVIEWS , CAB , CAIN , published before May 1978. CHEMCON , PAPERCHEM, and CRIS data bases from the time of the ir establi shment Acknowledgments through May 1978 . There were no articles about red alder in the journal Aliso. Thanks are extended to Boyd C. Wilson , Bibliographies of most papers cited here Washington state Department of Natural were checked for articles not included Resources; Dean S. DeBell and Arland S. in the above search procedure . Harris, Forest Service, U.S. Department Our search was designed to exclude of Agriculture ; John C. Gordon , Oregon articles about individual fungi and state University, for permission to use diseases attacking red alder and about their personal libraries ; and to Shirley palynology , the study of pollen stra­ Beelik, Washington State Library , and tigraphy; however, some citations to Thelma Sameth , University of Washington both are included. Fungi and disease Forestry Library , for their assistance . are adequately covered in the works of Special thanks to Dean S. DeBell and Browne (83) , Hepting (237), Peace (445), Constance A. Harrington for their help and Shaw (511 , 512 , 513 , 514) , each of with the subject index. which provides further references to original papers . We include art icles on red alder outside forestry to broaden the scope of usefulness and to increase the number of potential users . citations without abstracts or anno­ tations are papers of lesser importance or papers not seen by us but authori ta­ tively cited by others . These are in­ cluded because of their potential value to readers . References are listed alpha­ betically by author . A subject matter index is included . I ABBREVIATIONS ABSTRACTOR A Author BA Biological Abstracts BI Biological Index CFH Charles F. Heebner CA Chemical Abstracts FA Forestry Abstracts PO Plant Breeding Abstracts EO Review of Applied Entomology . Series A NO Re view of Plant Pathology SO Soils and Fertilizers WO Weed Abstracts 2 1. Abbe , Ernst C. 2. Abbe , Ernst C. 1935 . Studies in the phylogeny of 1938. Studies in the phylogeny of the Betulaceae . I. Floral and in­ the Betulaceae . II . Extremes in florescence anatomy and morphology. the range of variation of floral and Bot . Gaz . 97(1):1-67. inflorescence morphology. Bot . Gaz . 99(3) :431-469. "A study of the morphology and vascu­ larization of the cymules and florets of "Cymules and florets whose complexity is 64 spp . and vars . of the Betulaceae from greater or less than the average in the each of the genera and subgenera indi­ Betulaceae are described. The more com­ cates the following: (1) The morphology plex cymules include : the secondary and anatomy of the cymules and florets med ian floret in pistillate Alnus and has been notably modified by dorsiventral Carpinus j adaxial quaternary florets in or lateral concrescence , shortening of pistillate Alnus , and adaxial tertiary internodes, pressures within the ament , bracts in pistillate Alnus .... The more and reduction j (2) the bicarpellary ova­ complex florets include the presence of ries owe their transverse or diagonal tri-carpellary pistils in Alnus , Betula, orientat ion to their derivat ion from the and Ostryops isj a hexamerous perigon and ancestral tri-·carpellary ancestor , wh ile androecium in staminate Alnus and three the staminate florets in some spp . still ovule per carpel in Alnus .... " (BA) are trimerousj (3) the full complement of bracts is present in the pistillate cymules of <::,inus , 9stl'..Y.QP.si_, and Osrya, the adaxial tertiary bract is 3. Abrams , L. , and Roxana S. Ferris . lost from the staminate and pistillate 1940 . Illustrated flora of the cymules of most species of Alnus . Both Pacific states . Vol . 1. 538 p. adaxial and abaxial tertiary bracts have Stanford univ. Press , Stanford , been lost from the staminate cymules of Calif. Betula , Corylus , Carpinus , Ostrya , and from the pi sU llate cymules of Betula. The secondary bracts have been lost, wh ile the tertiary persist, in the pis­ 4. Akkermans , Antonius Dirk Louis. tillate cymules of Corylus . All bracts 1971 . Nitrogen fixat ion and nodu­ but the primary have been lost in the lation of Alnus and Hippophae under staminate cymules of Ostryops is. (4) natural conditions . Ph . D. thesis. The staminate cymule is 3-flowered in Univ. Leiden , The Netherlands . 85 p. all genera of the family . The pistil­ late cymule is 2-flowered by suppression Detailed discussion of procedures and of the secondary floret in all genera techniques for studying nitrogen fixat ion except Betula, in wh ich all 3 florets by alder in field and in laboratory . are present. (5) The perigon is present Cover.s both N-15 and acetylene-reduction in the pistillate florets of Carpinus , methods . (CFH) Ostrya , Corylus , ostryops is, and in the staminate florets of Alnus and Betulaj it is obsolescent in the pistillate flo­ rets of Alnus and Betulaj it is com­ pletely lost from the staminate florets of Carpinus , Corylus , and Ostryops is. The ovary is inferior throughout the family ." (BA) 3 5. Alban , David H. from the polymeric matrix and the advan­ 1969 . The influence of western hem­ tages and applicat ions of polymerized lock and we stern redcedar on soil controlled release pestic ides are re­ properties . Soil Sci . Soc . Am. viewed . In field trials , ester combina­ Proc . 33 ( 3):453-457. tions of 2,4-DB with bark were synthe­ sized; the polymerized pesticide resists "Soils beneath very old western hemlock oxidation in the soil to 2,4-0 (which is (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf. ) Sarg .) and more toxic to conifers than 2,4-08) and western redcedar (Thuja pl icata Donn) had an extended duration of effective­ trees at three sites on Washington and ness. The polymerized 2,4-DB controlled Idaho were compared . The sites differed Alnus rubra without harming Douglas-fir in climate and parent materials , but (Pseudotsuga menzies ii) ." (WO) were similar to the extent that western hemlock and we stern redcedar dominated the overstory. The A2-B2 sequences were generally more strongly developed under 7. Allan , G. G. , Astrid Lacitis , Fu-me i hemlock than under cedar . At two of the Liu, J-h Lee , and P. Mauranen . three sites considerable mixing of the 1969 . Fiber surface modification . organic and mineral soil horizons had Pt . II . Modification of ligniferous occurred under cedar , but much less so wood and bark fibers using a under hemlock. Below the top 15 cm of dichloro-s-triazine . Holzforschung mineral soil no large morphological 23(6) : 198-202 . differences were observed between pro­ files under cedar and hemlock. Soil pH , "The application of the fundamentals of 'exchangeable' Ca, cation-exchange the reactive dye chemi stry originally capacity, base saturation, and the total developed for textiles is proposed as a weight of organic horizons were greater new general approach to the surface under cedar than under hemlock. Soil N, modification of wood fibers . The re­ C, Mg , and K were generally higher under activities of a variety of lignaceous cedar than under hemlock but the di ffer­ wood and bark fibers with a dihalogeno­ ences were not large . The differences s-triazine fiber reactive dye have been between soil properties under hemlock compared under conditions compat ible with and cedar , as well as the depth to wh ich current board and paper manufactur ing these differences occurred , varied from techniques .