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Change in Evaluation Mode Can Cause a Cheerleader Effect
fpsyg-12-607448 April 23, 2021 Time: 10:14 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 21 April 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.607448 Change in Evaluation Mode Can Cause a Cheerleader Effect Claude Messner*, Mattia Carnelli and Patrick Stefan Höhener Consumer Behavior, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland The cheerleader effect describes the phenomenon whereby faces are perceived as being more attractive when flanked by other faces than when they are perceived in isolation. At least four theories predict the cheerleader effect. Two visual memory processes could cause a cheerleader effect. First, visual information will sometimes be averaged in the visual memory: the averaging of faces could increase the perceived attractiveness of all the faces flanked by other faces. Second, information will often be combined into a higher-order concept. This hierarchical encoding suggests that information processing causes faces to appear more attractive when flanked by highly attractive faces. Two further explanations posit that comparison processes cause the cheerleader effect. While contrast effects predict that a difference between the target face and the flanking faces causes the cheerleader effect due to comparison processes, a change in the evaluation mode, which alters the standard of comparison between Edited by: joint and separate evaluation of faces, could be sufficient for producing a cheerleader Valerio Santangelo, University of Perugia, Italy effect. This leads to the prediction that even when there is no contrast between the Reviewed by: attractiveness of the target face and the flanking faces, a cheerleader effect could Haojiang Ying, occur. The results of one experiment support this prediction. The findings of this study Soochow University, China have practical implications, such as for individuals who post selfies on social media. -
Over 19,000 Flock to All-Campus Festival
GRIN AND BEAR IT: VOTE ‘YES’▶67050657(., UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO www.ucsdguardian.org 4VUKH`4H` The Student Voice Since 1967 .Q^M)ZZM[\ML SUN GOD 2009 NWZ!! 5]ZLMZWN =+;,8ZWN Suspects plead ‘not guilty’ at arraignment, remain in custody after court orders $1 million bail. By Sarah de Crescenzo Senior Staff Writer Five San Diego residents were arrested last week for the murder 13 years ago of UCSD School of Medicine professor David F. Hessler, then 30. Cold-case crime investiga- tors used an expanded fingerprint database to track down the suspects. Fingerprints collected at the crime scene on Nov. 14, 1995, were reexamined in February 2008, resulting in the identification and arrest of Buzie Gene Wiemer, 34. Over the next 15 months, detec- OVER 19,000 FLOCK TO ALL-CAMPUS FESTIVAL tives from the cold-case homicide team and investigators from the District Attorney’s Office gathered Students panic, clog wristband lines more information about the case, until noon; RIMAC Field still 1,000 which led them to identify four additional suspects. short of capacity by midnight. “Once we had a potential identi- fication of the first subject, we began By Reza Farazmand News Editor working vigorously to find the other suspects,” Lt. Terry McManus of the UCSD united for a day of revelry on May 15, when San Diego Police Department homi- thousands of students, alumni and assorted concertgo- cide unit said. ers poured onto campus for the 27th annual Sun God The other four suspects — Edul Festival. Jinnah Azeez, 34; Khoi Leron At 7 a.m. -
2017 MAJOR EURO Music Festival CALENDAR Sziget Festival / MTI Via AP Balazs Mohai
2017 MAJOR EURO Music Festival CALENDAR Sziget Festival / MTI via AP Balazs Mohai Sziget Festival March 26-April 2 Horizon Festival Arinsal, Andorra Web www.horizonfestival.net Artists Floating Points, Motor City Drum Ensemble, Ben UFO, Oneman, Kink, Mala, AJ Tracey, Midland, Craig Charles, Romare, Mumdance, Yussef Kamaal, OM Unit, Riot Jazz, Icicle, Jasper James, Josey Rebelle, Dan Shake, Avalon Emerson, Rockwell, Channel One, Hybrid Minds, Jam Baxter, Technimatic, Cooly G, Courtesy, Eva Lazarus, Marc Pinol, DJ Fra, Guim Lebowski, Scott Garcia, OR:LA, EL-B, Moony, Wayward, Nick Nikolov, Jamie Rodigan, Bahia Haze, Emerald, Sammy B-Side, Etch, Visionobi, Kristy Harper, Joe Raygun, Itoa, Paul Roca, Sekev, Egres, Ghostchant, Boyson, Hampton, Jess Farley, G-Ha, Pixel82, Night Swimmers, Forbes, Charline, Scar Duggy, Mold Me With Joy, Eric Small, Christer Anderson, Carina Helen, Exswitch, Seamus, Bulu, Ikarus, Rodri Pan, Frnch, DB, Bigman Japan, Crawford, Dephex, 1Thirty, Denzel, Sticky Bandit, Kinno, Tenbagg, My Mate From College, Mr Miyagi, SLB Solden, Austria June 9-July 10 DJ Snare, Ambiont, DLR, Doc Scott, Bailey, Doree, Shifty, Dorian, Skore, March 27-April 2 Web www.electric-mountain-festival.com Jazz Fest Vienna Dossa & Locuzzed, Eksman, Emperor, Artists Nervo, Quintino, Michael Feiner, Full Metal Mountain EMX, Elize, Ernestor, Wastenoize, Etherwood, Askery, Rudy & Shany, AfroJack, Bassjackers, Vienna, Austria Hemagor, Austria F4TR4XX, Rapture,Fava, Fred V & Grafix, Ostblockschlampen, Rafitez Web www.jazzfest.wien Frederic Robinson, -
Sun God Festival 2014
SUN GOD FESTIVAL 2014 VOLUME 47, ISSUE 47 MONDAY, APRIL 21, 2014 WWW.UCSDGUARDIAN.ORG SUN GOD FESTIVAL A.S. COUNCIL Young the Giant, Juicy J, Student Orgs Will Gain $60,000 From Reserves A.S. voted to dip into the “rainy-day” funds to replace Diplo to Headline Festival money diverted to KSDT and college council allocations. with, and that might have hurt ASCE will implement new policies this year, including online BY gabriella fleischman news editor organizations a bit, but we were doing everything legally accord- wristband registration, a no-guest policy and a no-host policy. ing to UCSD and UC Office of the A.S. Council transferred $60,000 President policies.” BY Gabriella Fleischman News Editor from its Mandated Reserves to the The vote passed 27–4–0, although programming budget for student according to Revelle Senator Soren organizations on Wednesday, April Nelson, at the beginning of the A.S. Concerts and Events released the Sun val, meaning students are also required to carry 16. The decision was influenced council meeting, many more council God Festival 2014 lineup Friday, April 18. The their ID cards with them at all times. by student organizations requiring members had intended on voting lineup includes Diplo, who many suspected There will be extra safety precautions due money for separate cultural gradua- “no.” Multiple representatives from would perform after he slated “UC San Diego” to the number of hospitalizations that occurred tion ceremonies. student organizations came into the for May 16 on his tour calendar. Also included during last year’s festival, including a campus- According to VP Finances and meeting to ask A.S. -
Spring Summer 2013 Viewpoint.Indd
San Diego Municipal Employees Association Newsletter Spring/Summer 2013 p point MMEA’sEA’s 22013013 NNegotiatingegotiating TTeameam WWorkingorking forfor YouYou view inside on the cover inside Led by MEA attorney Ann 3 President’s Message 17 MEA Children’s Party Smith, your Negotiating Team includes elected members 4 General Manager’s Report 18 Refl ecting Back and from each MEA bargaining Looking Forward unit, ex-offi cio members of 5 Legal Update from MEA’s Executive Committee Ann Smith 19 Adopt a Senior and General Manager Mike Zucchet. 7 MEA is Working for You 20 MEA Members Making Us Proud For more information on 8 Boardmember Spotlight: your MEA Negotiating Team, Ramone Lewis 23 Calendar of Events please turn to page 16. 11 Know Your Rights 12 Celebrating 25 Years of Service 13 MEA Holiday Party 2 y your leadershi Offi cers 2012-2014 President’s Message Bob Cronk President Gregory Woods 1st Vice President Jan Lord 2nd Vice President The last few months Executive Committee members Leslie Simmons Candi Mitchell Treasurer have been very (Library) and Bill Craig (Environmental Services) Lisa Goehring Secretary exciting and a breath who stayed at MEA late into the evening to of fresh air for all City make sure that our members living in the City Executive Committee 2012-2014 employees! Your and specifi cally in District 1, were registered and Brian Anthony Park & Recreation William Craig Environmental Services MEA leadership ready to vote on November 6th. Tina Davis City Clerk and staff have been Mary Enyeart Police working very hard for I also want to point out the skill, enthusiasm Steven Ramirez Environmental Services you and we have had some stunning results to and professionalism of MEA’s staff. -
THE GROVE IS :ML]KML\W+WVNMZMVKM+ITT Outgoing A.S
VIRGINITY IS TRASHIER THAN YOU THINK ▶67050657(., UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO www.ucsdguardian.org ;O\YZKH`4H` The Student Voice Since 1967 =+<]Q\QWV0QSM8ZW\M[\ THE GROVE IS :ML]KML\W+WVNMZMVKM+ITT Outgoing A.S. Council reconsiders, rejects Regents opt for phone the regents’ decision to cancel their campus meeting. motion to shut down meeting, give students “It has completely changed our plans,” Chen said. “We’ve been 20-minute period to mobilizing students for this meet- indebted cafe. ing and now they’re taking student OPEN voice concerns over 9.3 speakers for only 20 minutes.” percent fee increase. The scratched two-day meeting By Kelsey Wong budgeted time for several rounds Staff Writer of students and workers to address the regents. Students will be able to pro- Student fees have increased by test the proposed UC education and 107 percent over the last seven registration fee increases over the years. phone today, directly before the UC Campus Organizing Director for Board of Regents meet via tele- A.S. External Affairs Gracelynne conference. The regents canceled a West argued that middle-class stu- visit to UCSD to avoid distracting dents who do not receive financial campus officials from fighting the aid will be the hardest hit, because swine-flu virus outbreak. — as fees continue to increase — The 20-minute student and they won’t have anything to protect public comment period will occur them. at 9:30 a.m. today in Price Center “We are addressing and exposing Ballroom B. the lies of the regents,” West said. -
2001 SP 2.Pdf
The Koala University of California, San Diego Franchise Volume 57, Issue 2 June 1, 2001 “Haters Can’t Touch.” SPECIAL SUNGOD PORNSTAR ISSUE WHAT’S INSIDE: Person of the Year 2001 • Lists • More Pictures of Drunken UCSD Students pretending to Be Pornstars At SunGod • The Real Sloshball Coverage • Enlightenment • Forgotten Pleasures 4 • The Inside Track On What’s Up At State • Human Vomit • Why Kids and Wal-Mart Suck June 1, 2001 The UCSD Koala Page 2 Ah, Memories... Your Letters To The By Ethan Editor Hello, my name is Patrick and I Although we do not print over the am in London at the moment. I am summer, please stop by when you coming to San Diego as part of an make it to San Diego and let us know exchange program in the Fall of how it went. Good luck and Bon September 2001, and somehow Voyage. came across your publication by accident looking for housing Dear Editor, application forms. Lured in by the Your paper is the butt- picture of a koala faced neptune munchingest paper in the whole surrounded by sea-nymphs, it was universe. You are a boogerhead all good from the get-go. Which and your momma is fat. led me to the part where you said The Preuss kids in 107. you needed writers. I figure I fit at P.S. Keep putting those stacks least two of the categories, if not outside the school. three; I can sort of speak English, I think smoking is the coolest thing Dear Preuss Kids- since Joe Camel and I still listen to Shoudn’t you be spending your time the Dead Kennedies (who ever cramming vocabulary words in the stopped?). -
Running Head: CHEERLEADER MECHANISM 1 Limited Evidence Of
Running head: CHEERLEADER MECHANISM 1 Limited evidence of hierarchical encoding in the cheerleader effect *Daniel J. Carragher1, Nicole A. Thomas1,2, O. Scott Gwinn1 & Michael E. R. Nicholls1 1College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work Flinders University Adelaide, Australia 2School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Melbourne, Australia **This manuscript has now been published in Scientific Reports** Carragher, D. J., Thomas, N. A., Gwinn, O. S., & Nicholls, M. E. R. (2019). Limited evidence of hierarchical encoding in the cheerleader effect. Scientific Reports. 9(1), 9329, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45789-6 Total Word Count: 7,650 approx. *Corresponding Author: Daniel J. Carragher College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia [email protected] CHEERLEADER MECHANISM 2 “The cheerleader effect” refers to the increase in attractiveness that an individual face experiences when seen in a group of other faces. It has been proposed that the cheerleader effect occurs because (a) the visual system rapidly summarises a group of faces into an ensemble representation, (b) which is hypothesised to be highly attractive because of its average facial characteristics, and (c) observers remember individual faces to be more alike the ensemble representation than they were, due to hierarchical structure of visual working memory. Across three experiments, we investigated whether the cheerleader effect is consistent with hierarchical encoding, by asking observers to give attractiveness ratings to the same target faces shown in groups and alone. Consistent with hierarchical encoding, the largest attractiveness increases of 1.5 - 2.0% occurred when target faces were presented in groups of faces that could be mentally summarised to create an ensemble representation with average facial characteristics. -
Sun God Prayers Come True
Opinion .'; See what Guardian pho Triton student-athletes Is a missile defense system tographers filmed as they. Kristina Anderson and Dan needed in the post-Cold patroled Sun God. Albrecht are honored. War era? Writers debate. page 11 page 20 page 4 T. H E u c 5 D Circulation Monday 11,000 May 21, 2001 UCSAN DIEGO www.ucsdguardian .arg VOLUME 103, ISSUE 15 latvians Unable Sun God Prayers Come True to Escape War's Div~slve Legacy Ping Pong Mofia, Naughty by Nature, XZibit and Face to Face perform By MAn SCHRADER RIGA, Latvia - Latvians and Russians, two peoples fated to Associate News Editor share a nation under 50 years of Soviet rule, are far apart when it The students' faith in the A.S. comes to their common legacy. programming office was restored "History is very divisive in Friday as Ping Pong Mafia, Latvia: ils Muiznieks, director of Naughty by Nature, Face to Face the Latvian Center for Human and XZibit took the stage for this Rights and Ethnic Studies, said in a year's Sun God Festival at RlMAC recent interview. "It's not only every Field. thing related to the KGB and the "This show was twice as good role of Russians in doing nasty stuff as Sun God was last year." said in the '40s and '50s. It's anything Revelle junior Jennifer Thompson. "Un like last time, I See LATVIA, Page 8 didn't have to find the CDs of the bands that were playing in the oldies section of the music store." Co-Festivals Coordinator SCOtt Mantell said this year's Sun God drew 12,000 individuals, represent Nebraska Farm Town ing a clear increase over last year. -
Total Festival Experience: a Mixed Methods Research Approach To
Acta electronica Universitatis Lapponiensis 248 MAARIT KINNUNEN Total Festival Experience A Mixed Methods Research Approach to Consumer Experiences in Finnish Cultural Festivals Academic dissertation to be publicly defended with the permission of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Lapland in lecture hall Castrén on 30 November 2018 at 12 noon. Rovaniemi 2018 Acta electronica Universitatis Lapponiensis 248 MAARIT KINNUNEN Total Festival Experience A Mixed Methods Research Approach to Consumer Experiences in Finnish Cultural Festivals Rovaniemi 2018 University of Lapland Faculty of Social Sciences © Maarit Kinnunen Layout: Taittotalo PrintOne Cover photo: J. Pekka Mäkelä Sales: Lapland University Press PL 8123 FI-96101 Rovaniemi Finland tel. +358 40 821 4242 publications@ulapland.fi www.ulapland.fi /LUP University of Lapland Printing Centre, Rovaniemi 2018 Printed work: Acta Universitatis Lapponiensis 381 ISBN 978-952-337-111-8 ISSN 0788-7604 PDF: Acta electronica Universitatis Lapponiensis 248 ISBN 978-952-337-112-5 ISSN 1796-6310 Abstract Th e festival experience is one of the main motivations for festival participation. Furthermore, studies reveal that festival experiences contain elements that can be used in building the festival brand; that in turn, increases loyalty, positive media coverage, ticket sales and sponsors’ interest. Th e rationale of the study lies in the need to explore the consumption of the festival experience to fi nd ways of facilitating the experience of the audience. Th e overall aim is to construct a model of the total festival experience consisting of elements present in festivalgoers’ experiences. Furthermore, the objective is to fi nd out possible reasons for the existence of the experience elements. -
State Bar No
1 BARIC TRAN & MINESIGNER STEVE BARIC, ESQ (State Bar No. 200066) 2 2603 Main Street, Suite 1050 3 Irvine, CA 92614 Telephone: 949-677-3688 4 Facsimile: 949-251-1886 5 Attorneys for Petitioner and Plaintiff, 6 TONY KRVARIC 7 8 SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 9 FOR THE COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO 10 TONY KRVARIC, ) Case No. 11 ) Petitioner and Plaintiff, ) VERIFIED PETITION FOR WRIT OF 12 ) MANDATE [CCP §§ 1085], AND v. ) COMPLAINT FOR INJUNCTIVE 13 ) RELIEF [CCP §526a] and CITY OF SAN DIEGO; JERRY SANDERS, in his ) DECLARATORY RELIEF.[CCP§1060] 14 official capacity as Mayor, SHERRI LIGHTNER, in ) ) 15 her official capacity as councilmember; KEVIN ) FAULCONER, in his official capacity as ELECTION MATTER ) 16 councilmember; TODD GLORIA, in his official capacity as councilmember; TONY YOUNG, in his ) 17 official capacity as councilmember; CARL ) DEMAIO, in his official capacity as councilmember; ) Date Action Filed: 18 LORIE ZAPF, in her official capacity as ) Trial Date: councilmember; MARTI EMERALD, in her official ) ) 19 capacity as councilmember; DAVID ALVAREZ, in ) his official capacity as councilmember; ) 20 CITY OF SAN DIEGO REDISTRICTING ) COMMISSION; ANISHA DALAL, in her official ) 21 capacity as redistricting commissioner; CARLOS MARQUEZ, in his official capacity as redistricting ) 22 commissioner; FREDRICK KOSMO, in his official ) capacity as redistricting commissioner; ANI ) 23 ) MDIVANI-MORROW, in her official capacity as ) 24 redistricting commissioner; ARTHUR NISHIOKA, ) in his official capacity as redistricting commissioner; -
Visuospatial Asymmetries Do Not Modulate the Cheerleader Effect
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Visuospatial asymmetries do not modulate the cheerleader efect Daniel J. Carragher1, Blake J. Lawrence1,2,3, Nicole A. Thomas1,4 & Michael E. R. Nicholls1 The cheerleader efect occurs when the same individual appears to be more attractive when seen in a Received: 10 July 2017 group, compared to alone. As observers over-attend to visual information presented in the left visual Accepted: 24 January 2018 feld, we investigated whether the spatial arrangement of the faces in a group would infuence the Published: xx xx xxxx magnitude of the cheerleader efect. In Experiment 1, target faces were presented twice in the centre of the display: once alone, and once in a group. Group images featured two distractor faces, which were presented in either the left or the right visual feld, or on either side of the target. The location of the distractor faces did not modulate the size of the cheerleader efect, which was observed in each group confguration. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the location of the target faces, which were presented at the far left, far right, or centre of the group. Faces were again signifcantly more attractive in each group confguration, and the spatial location of the target face did not infuence the size of the cheerleader efect. Together, our results show that the cheerleader efect is a robust phenomenon, which is not infuenced by the spatial arrangement of the faces in the group. Attractiveness is an important social cue that is rapidly evaluated from the face during first impressions1,2. Attractive individuals are attributed many positive stereotypes3, including competence4 and intelligence5.