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Trilingualism and National Identity in England, from the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century
Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Fall 2015 Three Languages, One Nation: Trilingualism and National Identity in England, From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century Christopher Anderson Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Anderson, Christopher, "Three Languages, One Nation: Trilingualism and National Identity in England, From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century" (2015). WWU Graduate School Collection. 449. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/449 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Three Languages, One Nation Trilingualism and National Identity in England, From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century By Christopher Anderson Accepted in Partial Completion Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Kathleen L. Kitto, Dean of the Graduate School Advisory Committee Chair, Dr. Peter Diehl Dr. Amanda Eurich Dr. Sean Murphy Master’s Thesis In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Western Washington University, I grant to Western Washington University the non-exclusive royalty-free right to archive, reproduce, distribute, and display the thesis in any and all forms, including electronic format, via any digital library mechanisms maintained by WWU. I represent and warrant this is my original work, and does not infringe or violate any rights of others. -
Minutes Template
1 HEALTH AND WELLBEING BOARD 13/12/18 HEALTH AND WELLBEING BOARD 13 December 2018 Present:- Devon County Council Councillors A Leadbetter (Chair), B Parsons, P Sanders and H Ackland Councillor P Sanders, District Councils Virginia Pearson, Chief Officer for Communities, Public Health, Environment and Prosperity Jennie Stephens, Chief Officer for Adult Care and Health Ann Wagner, Torbay and South Devon NHS Trust Dr Paul Johnson, South Devon and Torbay CCG Diana Crump, Joint Engagement Forum David Rogers, Healthwatch Devon Apologies:- Jim Colwell, Devon and Cornwall Police Councillor Roger Croad, Devon County Council Councillor James McInnes, Devon County Council Jo Olsson, Chief Officer for Childrens Services Dr Tim Burke, NEW Devon CCG * 83 Minutes RESOLVED that the minutes of the meeting held on 13 September 2018 be signed as a correct record. * 84 Items Requiring Urgent Attention (An item taken under Section 100B (4) of the Local Government Act 1972) Ms Sian Walker, Independent Chair of the Devon Safeguarding Adults Board, attended and spoke at the invitation of the Committee to present the Board’s Annual Report. The Committee received the Annual Report of the Devon Safeguarding Adults Board charting progress within Devon of national expectations and safeguarding activity. This included the 2017/18 priorities of improving people’s experience of safeguarding and delivery of “Making Safeguarding Personal” across all partners, the prevention of harm and neglect in care and health services and improving awareness and application of the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) and Best Interests for people. It also reported on the work of the DSAB sub groups such as the Mental Capacity Act, the Safeguarding Adults Review Core Group, the Learning and Improvement Group, Operational Delivery and Community Reference Group. -
Control of the Value of Black Goldminers' Labour-Power in South
Farouk Stemmet Control of the Value of Black Goldminers’ Labour-Power in South Africa in the Early Industrial Period as a Consequence of the Disjuncture between the Rising Value of Gold and its ‘Fixed Price’ Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow October, 1993. © Farouk Stemmet, MCMXCIII ProQuest Number: 13818401 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13818401 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 GLASGOW UNIVFRSIT7 LIBRARY Abstract The title of this thesis,Control of the Value of Black Goldminers' Labour- Power in South Africa in the Early Industrial Period as a Consequence of the Disjuncture between the Rising Value of Gold and'Fixed its Price', presents, in reverse, the sequence of arguments that make up this dissertation. The revolution which took place in the value of gold, the measure of value, in the second half of the nineteenth century, coincided with the need of international trade to hold fast the value-ratio at which the world's various paper currencies represented a definite weight of gold. -
Speakers of the House of Commons
Parliamentary Information List BRIEFING PAPER 04637a 21 August 2015 Speakers of the House of Commons Speaker Date Constituency Notes Peter de Montfort 1258 − William Trussell 1327 − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Styled 'Procurator' Henry Beaumont 1332 (Mar) − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Sir Geoffrey Le Scrope 1332 (Sep) − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Probably Chief Justice. William Trussell 1340 − William Trussell 1343 − Appeared for the Commons alone. William de Thorpe 1347-1348 − Probably Chief Justice. Baron of the Exchequer, 1352. William de Shareshull 1351-1352 − Probably Chief Justice. Sir Henry Green 1361-1363¹ − Doubtful if he acted as Speaker. All of the above were Presiding Officers rather than Speakers Sir Peter de la Mare 1376 − Sir Thomas Hungerford 1377 (Jan-Mar) Wiltshire The first to be designated Speaker. Sir Peter de la Mare 1377 (Oct-Nov) Herefordshire Sir James Pickering 1378 (Oct-Nov) Westmorland Sir John Guildesborough 1380 Essex Sir Richard Waldegrave 1381-1382 Suffolk Sir James Pickering 1383-1390 Yorkshire During these years the records are defective and this Speaker's service might not have been unbroken. Sir John Bussy 1394-1398 Lincolnshire Beheaded 1399 Sir John Cheyne 1399 (Oct) Gloucestershire Resigned after only two days in office. John Dorewood 1399 (Oct-Nov) Essex Possibly the first lawyer to become Speaker. Sir Arnold Savage 1401(Jan-Mar) Kent Sir Henry Redford 1402 (Oct-Nov) Lincolnshire Sir Arnold Savage 1404 (Jan-Apr) Kent Sir William Sturmy 1404 (Oct-Nov) Devonshire Or Esturmy Sir John Tiptoft 1406 Huntingdonshire Created Baron Tiptoft, 1426. -
The Smith Family…
BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY PROVO. UTAH Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Brigham Young University http://www.archive.org/details/smithfamilybeingOOread ^5 .9* THE SMITH FAMILY BEING A POPULAR ACCOUNT OF MOST BRANCHES OF THE NAME—HOWEVER SPELT—FROM THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY DOWNWARDS, WITH NUMEROUS PEDIGREES NOW PUBLISHED FOR THE FIRST TIME COMPTON READE, M.A. MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORD \ RECTOR OP KZNCHESTER AND VICAR Or BRIDGE 50LLARS. AUTHOR OP "A RECORD OP THE REDEt," " UH8RA CCELI, " CHARLES READS, D.C.L. I A MEMOIR," ETC ETC *w POPULAR EDITION LONDON ELLIOT STOCK 62 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. 1904 OLD 8. LEE LIBRARY 6KIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY PROVO UTAH TO GEORGE W. MARSHALL, ESQ., LL.D. ROUGE CROIX PURSUIVANT-AT-ARM3, LORD OF THE MANOR AND PATRON OP SARNESFIELD, THE ABLEST AND MOST COURTEOUS OP LIVING GENEALOGISTS WITH THE CORDIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OP THE COMPILER CONTENTS CHAPTER I. MEDLEVAL SMITHS 1 II. THE HERALDS' VISITATIONS 9 III. THE ELKINGTON LINE . 46 IV. THE WEST COUNTRY SMITHS—THE SMITH- MARRIOTTS, BARTS 53 V. THE CARRINGTONS AND CARINGTONS—EARL CARRINGTON — LORD PAUNCEFOTE — SMYTHES, BARTS. —BROMLEYS, BARTS., ETC 66 96 VI. ENGLISH PEDIGREES . vii. English pedigrees—continued 123 VIII. SCOTTISH PEDIGREES 176 IX IRISH PEDIGREES 182 X. CELEBRITIES OF THE NAME 200 265 INDEX (1) TO PEDIGREES .... INDEX (2) OF PRINCIPAL NAMES AND PLACES 268 PREFACE I lay claim to be the first to produce a popular work of genealogy. By "popular" I mean one that rises superior to the limits of class or caste, and presents the lineage of the fanner or trades- man side by side with that of the nobleman or squire. -
Conservation Area Appraisal
CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL Walthamstow Village Conservation Area INTRODUCTION This document is an “Appraisal” document as defined by English Heritage in their guidance document “Conservation Area Appraisals”. The purpose of the document is, to quote from the English Heritage document, to ensure that “the special interest justifying designation is clearly defined and analysed in a written appraisal of its character and appearance”. This provides a “sound basis, defensible on appeal, for development plan policies, and development control decisions” and also forms the basis for further work on design guidance and enhancement proposals. This Appraisal describes and analyses the particular character of the Walthamstow Village Conservation Area, which was designated by the Council in 1967. This includes the more obvious aspects such as buildings, spaces and architectural development, as well as an attempt to portray the often less tangible qualities which make the area “special”. PLANNING POLICY CONTEXT (i) National policies – Individual buildings “of special architectural or historic interest” have enjoyed a means of statutory protection since the 1950’s, but the concept of protecting areas of special merit, rather than individual buildings, was first brought under legislative control with the passing of the Civic Amenities Act 1967. A crucial difference between the two is that Listed buildings are assessed against national criteria, with Lists being drawn up by English Heritage. Conservation Areas by contrast are designated by Local Authorities on more local criteria, and are therefore varied in character. However, general guidance on the designation of Conservation Areas is included in Planning Policy Guidance Note 15 (PPG 15), which sets out the government’s policies on the historic built environment in general. -
1 ENTER the GHOST Cashless Payments in the Early Modern Low
ENTER THE GHOST Cashless payments in the Early Modern Low Countries, 1500-18001 Oscar Gelderbloma and Joost Jonkera, b Abstract We analyze the evolution of payments in the Low Countries during the period 1500-1800 to argue for the historical importance of money of account or ghost money. Aided by the adoption of new bookkeeping practices such as ledgers with current accounts, this convention spread throughout the entire area from the 14th century onwards. Ghost money eliminated most of the problems associated with paying cash by enabling people to settle transactions in a fictional currency accepted by everyone. As a result two functions of money, standard of value and means of settlement, penetrated easily, leaving the third one, store of wealth, to whatever gold and silver coins available. When merchants used ghost money to record credit granted to counterparts, they in effect created a form of money which in modern terms might count as M1. Since this happened on a very large scale, we should reconsider our notions about the volume of money in circulation during the Early Modern Era. 1 a Utrecht University, b University of Amsterdam. The research for this paper was made possible by generous fellowships at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Studies (NIAS) in Wassenaar. The Meertens Institute and Hester Dibbits kindly allowed us to use their probate inventory database, which Heidi Deneweth’s incomparable efforts reorganized so we could analyze the data. We thank participants at seminars in Utrecht and at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, and at the Silver in World History conference, VU Amsterdam, December 2014, for their valuable suggestions. -
Town Unveils New Flag & Coat of Arms
TOWN UNVEILS NEW FLAG & COAT OF ARMS For Immediate Release December 10, 2013 Niagara-on-the-Lake - Lord Mayor, accompanied by the Right Reverend D. Ralph Spence, Albion Herald Extraordinary, officially unveiled a new town flag and coat of arms today before an audience at the Courthouse. Following the official proclamation ceremony, a procession, led by the Fort George Fife & Drum Corps and completed by an honour guard from the 809 Newark Squadron Air Cadets, witnessed the raising of the flag. The procession then continued on to St. Mark’s Church for a special service commemorating the Burning of Niagara. “We thought this was a fitting date to introduce a symbol of hope and promise given the devastation that occurred exactly 200 years to the day, the burning of our town,” stated Lord Mayor Eke. “From ashes comes rebirth and hope.” The new flag, coat of arms and badge have been granted by the Chief Herald of Canada, Dr. Claire Boudreau, Director of the Canadian Heraldic Authority within the office of the Governor General. Bishop Spence, who served as Bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Niagara from 1998 - 2008, represented the Chief Herald and read the official proclamation. He is one of only four Canadians who hold the title of herald extraordinary. A description of the new coat of arms, flag and badge, known as armorial bearings in heraldry, is attached. For more information, please contact: Dave Eke, Lord Mayor 905-468-3266 Symbolism of the Armorial Bearings of The Corporation of the Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake Arms: The colours refer to the Royal Union Flag. -
Geoffrey Wheeler
Ricardian Bulletin Magazine of the Richard III Society ISSN 0308 4337 March 2012 Ricardian Bulletin March 2012 Contents 2 From the Chairman 3 Society News and Notices 9 Focus on the Visits Committee 14 For Richard and Anne: twin plaques (part 2), by Geoffrey Wheeler 16 Were you at Fotheringhay last December? 18 News and Reviews 25 Media Retrospective 27 The Man Himself: Richard‟s Religious Donations, by Lynda Pidgeon 31 A new adventure of Alianore Audley, by Brian Wainwright 35 Paper from the 2011 Study Weekend: John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, by David Baldwin 38 The Maulden Boar Badge, by Rose Skuse 40 Katherine Courtenay: Plantagenet princess, Tudor countess (part 2), by Judith Ridley 43 Miracle at Denny Abbey, by Lesley Boatwright 46 Caveat emptor: some recent auction anomalies, by Geoffrey Wheeler 48 The problem of the gaps (from The Art of Biography, by Paul Murray Kendall) 49 The pitfalls of time travelling, by Toni Mount 51 Correspondence 55 The Barton Library 57 Future Society Events 59 Branches and Groups 63 New Members and Recently Deceased Members 64 Calendar Contributions Contributions are welcomed from all members. All contributions should be sent to Lesley Boatwright. Bulletin Press Dates 15 January for March issue; 15 April for June issue; 15 July for September issue; 15 October for December issue. Articles should be sent well in advance. Bulletin & Ricardian Back Numbers Back issues of The Ricardian and the Bulletin are available from Judith Ridley. If you are interested in obtaining any back numbers, please contact Mrs Ridley to establish whether she holds the issue(s) in which you are interested. -
Advantages, Shortcomings and Unused Potential. by Jack Carlson
Third Series Vol. V part 2. ISSN 0010-003X No. 218 Price £12.00 Autumn 2009 THE COAT OF ARMS an heraldic journal published twice yearly by The Heraldry Society THE COAT OF ARMS The journal of the Heraldry Society Third series Volume V 2009 Part 2 Number 218 in the original series started in 1952 The Coat of Arms is published twice a year by The Heraldry Society, whose registered office is 53 High Street, Burnham, Slough SL1 7JX. The Society was registered in England in 1956 as registered charity no. 241456. Founding Editor +John Brooke-Little, C.V.O., M.A., F.H.S. Honorary Editors C. E. A. Cheesman, M.A., PH.D., Rouge Dragon Pursuivant M. P. D. O'Donoghue, M.A., Bluemantle Pursuivant Editorial Committee Adrian Ailes, M.A., D.PHIL., F.S.A., F.H.S. Jackson W. Armstrong, B.A. Noel COX, LL.M., M.THEOL., PH.D., M.A., F.R.HIST.S. Andrew Hanham, B.A., PH.D. Advertizing Manager John Tunesi of Liongam INTERNET HERALDRY Advantages, Shortcomings and Unused Potential Jack Carlson In 1996, the Cambridge University Heraldic & Genealogical Society declared that 'genealogy and heraldry have both caught up with the latest computer technology' and that heraldists would soon prefer the internet to books: searchable heraldic databases and free, high-quality electronic articles and encyclopedias on the subject were imminent.1 Over the past thirteen years the internet's capabilities have likely surpassed what CUH&GS could have imagined. At the same time, it seems, the reality of heraldry's online presence falls somewhat short of the society's expectations. -
Exeter City Council Scrutiny Committee
EXETER CITY COUNCIL SCRUTINY COMMITTEE - COMMUNITY 1 SEPTEMBER 2009 COMMUNITY SAFETY ANNUAL REPORT 1. PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 1.1 To give members an opportunity to comment on the progress of the work by the Exeter Community Safety Partnership to deliver the actions in the Community Safety and Misuse of Drugs Strategy. The 2008/9 Annual Report is attached. 1.2 This item is before the Committee for it to fulfil its role, as agreed at Executive on 16 June, in the scrutiny of the work of the Exeter Community Safety Partnership, as required by the Crime and Disorder (Overview and Scrutiny) Regulations 2009 under the Police and Justice Act 2006. 2. BACKGROUND 2.1 The Exeter Community Safety Partnership was established under the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. 2.2 The current membership is Exeter City Council Devon and Cornwall Constabulary Devon and Cornwall Police Authority Devon Primary Care Trust Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service Devon and Cornwall Probation Area of the National Probation Service Exeter Business Forum Youth Offending Service Exeter Council for Voluntary Services HM Prison Exeter Exeter Drug and Alcohol District Implementation Group Devon Partnership NHS Trust Magistrate 3. STRATEGY AND REVIEW 3.1 In summary, the themes of the strategy are Alcohol and alcohol-related crime Anti-social behaviour Domestic violence Drugs and drug-related crime Prolific and other priority offenders Vulnerable victims 3.2 Much of the work to address these themes is commissioned through the funding available to the Safer Devon Partnership via the Devon Local Area Agreement (LAA). Alcohol and drug treatment services, domestic violence refuge and outreach services, and the prolific and other priority offender scheme are all funded in this way. -
The Opening of the Atlantic World: England's
THE OPENING OF THE ATLANTIC WORLD: ENGLAND’S TRANSATLANTIC INTERESTS DURING THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII By LYDIA TOWNS DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Texas at Arlington May, 2019 Arlington, Texas Supervising Committee: Imre Demhardt, Supervising Professor John Garrigus Kathryne Beebe Alan Gallay ABSTRACT THE OPENING OF THE ATLANTIC WORLD: ENGLAND’S TRANSATLANTIC INTERESTS DURING THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII Lydia Towns, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2019 Supervising Professor: Imre Demhardt This dissertation explores the birth of the English Atlantic by looking at English activities and discussions of the Atlantic world from roughly 1481-1560. Rather than being disinterested in exploration during the reign of Henry VIII, this dissertation proves that the English were aware of what was happening in the Atlantic world through the transnational flow of information, imagined the potentials of the New World for both trade and colonization, and actively participated in the opening of transatlantic trade through transnational networks. To do this, the entirety of the Atlantic, all four continents, are considered and the English activity there analyzed. This dissertation uses a variety of methods, examining cartographic and literary interpretations and representations of the New World, familial ties, merchant networks, voyages of exploration and political and diplomatic material to explore my subject across the social strata of England, giving equal weight to common merchants’ and scholars’ perceptions of the Atlantic as I do to Henry VIII’s court. Through these varied methods, this dissertation proves that the creation of the British Atlantic was not state sponsored, like the Spanish Atlantic, but a transnational space inhabited and expanded by merchants, adventurers and the scholars who created imagined spaces for the English.