Kampala Bus Rapid Transit: Understanding Kampala’S Paratransit Market Structure
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Kampala Bus Rapid Transit: Understanding Kampala’s Paratransit Market Structure Dave Spooner, Global Labour Institute, Manchester John Mark Mwanika, Amalgamated Transport & General Workers Union (ATGWU), Kampala Shadrack Natamba, Kyambogo University, Kampala Erick Oluoch Manga, Institute for Development Studies, Nairobi University Global Labour Institute (GLI Network Ltd), Manchester Acknowledgements This report would not have been possible without the assistance of a large team, including: Questionnaire survey team: Phiona Kasweet, Shakira Namuga, Maria Nanziri, Rehema Nansubuga, Joseph Busulwa, Harriet Nassazi (KAMBE); Shanitah Birungi, Lilian Musimenta, Hussein Muwanika Kato, Shamin Nalubwama, Edith Namubiru, Julius Ssekito (KOTSA); David Musoke (ATGWU); Field Researchers: Ronald Kato (Usafi Taxi Park), Bernard Luggya (Old Taxi Park), Kiviri Livingstone Kanyike (Boda-Boda CBD stages); Focus Group Discussion rapporteurs: John Ssendagire, Lilian Najjita; and Additional Desk Research: Georgia Montague-Nelson and Jess Whelligan (GLI). Special thanks to Arnaud Desmarchelier, AFD. Interviewing boda-boda riders in Kampala, January Unless stated otherwise, all photos were taken by Gilbert2020 Yoti , with the support of Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES), Kampala. This report, including its recommendations, represents the findings and opinions of GLI and do not represent the policies or position of AFD. Dave Spooner, May 2020, Manchester [email protected] The Global Labour Institute (GLI) in Manchester is an independent non-profit research and education organisation working with the international trade union movement. GLI has a strong interest and many years of experience in the organisation and representation of workers in the informal economy, with a particular interest in the transport industry The research and subsequent report were undertaken through a contract with Agence Française de Développement (AFD) to support the Government of Uganda and the Kampala Capital City Authority in preparation of the planned introduction of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Kampala 2 Contents Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Glossary and acronyms ................................................................................................................ 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 9 Survey methodology .................................................................................................................. 11 Study design ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Data collection .................................................................................................................................. 13 Data management and analysis ........................................................................................................ 15 Study limitations, field challenges and mitigations measures .......................................................... 16 Ethical issues ..................................................................................................................................... 17 Kampala Taxi industry ................................................................................................................ 19 Driving a taxi ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Taxi organisation ............................................................................................................................... 25 Historical background ................................................................................................................... 25 Current organisation ..................................................................................................................... 26 Taxi workforce: Survey Findings ....................................................................................................... 28 Taxi Crews ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Livelihoods and employment relationships .................................................................................. 30 Drone Taxis.................................................................................................................................... 38 Stage Workers ............................................................................................................................... 40 Service workers ............................................................................................................................. 42 Key issues in the taxi industry ........................................................................................................... 45 Kampala Boda-boda industry ..................................................................................................... 48 Riding a boda-boda ........................................................................................................................... 49 Boda-boda organisation .................................................................................................................... 51 Historical Background ................................................................................................................... 51 Current organisation ..................................................................................................................... 52 Boda-boda workforce: survey findings ............................................................................................. 53 Livelihoods and employment relationships .................................................................................. 56 Key issues for boda-boda riders ........................................................................................................ 70 Bus Rapid Transit in Kampala ..................................................................................................... 79 BRT design ......................................................................................................................................... 79 Business Model ................................................................................................................................. 81 Transformation of paratransit .......................................................................................................... 81 Awareness and attitudes towards BRT ........................................................................................ 83 Potential impact of BRT on paratransit economy and livelihoods ................................................ 89 3 Taxi Industry ...................................................................................................................................... 89 Boda-Boda Industry .......................................................................................................................... 90 BRT and formalisation of the paratransit industry – workforce recommendations ....................... 91 Key findings and recommendations ............................................................................................ 96 Key findings ....................................................................................................................................... 96 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 98 References ............................................................................................................................... 104 Appendices .............................................................................................................................. 107 Appendix 1: Questionnaire sampling framework ........................................................................... 107 Appendix 2: CBD Taxi Park Workforce ............................................................................................ 108 Appendix 3: Calculation of taxi jobs and vehicles at risk from BRT corridors ................................. 111 Appendix 4: Taxi Workers Sampling Points .................................................................................... 112 4 Summary This report attempts to provide a detailed assessment of the market structure of the paratransit industry in Kampala, including both minibus (“taxi”) and motorcycle taxi (“boda-boda”) services. It is intended to contribute towards an understanding of how paratransit services can be incrementally improved and professionalised to minimize some of its negative effects on Kampala overall transport system, and how to integrate the existing informal service into the proposed new Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. The assessment is based on desk research, 790 street survey questionnaires completed with taxi and boda-boda workers, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews with workers, key informant interviews, field observations and interviews on proposed BRT routes, and additional field research. Taxi industry There are large numbers of people who are dependent on the taxi industry for their livelihoods, including crew members (drivers and conductors),