DOCSLIB.ORG

Ancient Persia: a Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550-330 Bce Pdf, Epub, Ebook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ancient Persia: a Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550-330 Bce Pdf, Epub, Ebook ANCIENT PERSIA: A CONCISE HISTORY OF THE ACHAEMENID EMPIRE, 550-330 BCE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Matt Waters | 274 pages | 20 Jan 2014 | CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS | 9780521253697 | English | Cambridge, United Kingdom Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550-330 BCE PDF Book The Achaemenid Empire takes its name from Achaemenes, the eponymous founder of the dynasty. The history of ancient Iran stretches back millennia. A clear and enjoyable primer on the Persian empire. The Murashu archive helps us understand how military obligations were fulfilled. Jewish exiles from Babylonia returned to Jerusalem and rebuilt the temple that had been sacked by the Babylonian king NebuchadnezzarII in Apr 16, Michael Cayley rated it liked it Shelves: history. Parsa, more specifically equivalent with modern Fars, is dominated by the southern part of the Zagros Mountains — a chain running northwest to southeast across western Iran — save for the coastal region along the Persian Gulf and the low- lying plains of Khuzistan, wherein is found the ancient city of Susa. Xerxes, the expander of the realm 8. Get A Copy. The former could be granted as long as it did not contravene the latter. Moving eastward beyond the Zagros one encounters the Iranian Plateau and the forbidding salt deserts of central Iran. Some scholars have ingeniously reconciled joint Athenian and Persian claims on much of western Anatolia by assuming that the city-states in question paid tribute not only to Athens — which is attested to varying degrees through the latter half of the fifth century — but also to the Persian satrap. This is not only filial piety but such works were expected of any king. These documents typically reveal more about socioeconomic history than political history, yet thoughtful analysis offers insight into the political as well. There were obviously other and, on the face of it, equally qualified Achaemenid claimants: sons of Artaxerxes by women other than his primary wife, Damaspia. Of course, the Persians were well versed in Greek affairs — in this case the enmity between Athens and Sparta — and this mission reveals an attempt to create a strategic distraction: a Spartan invasion of Athens might have compelled the Athenian forces in Egypt to withdraw. An acknowledgement of Persian control of western Anatolia was paramount. Jay Fisher rated it really liked it May 07, Continued Spartan ambivalence about their negotiating partner Tissaphernes led them to consider cooperating with another satrap, Pharnabazus, in Dascylium. Timeline Appendix B. The work itself is set up in a chronological manner, We learn of the emergence of the Empire with Cyrus the Great's rise to power. In general, it is safe to assume that the King never relinquished his claim on his Ionian holdings, and that the satraps were given freedom — indeed, probably were expected — to contest Athenian inroads there at every opportunity. This type of text situates the Achaemenid kings within a long continuum of Near Eastern history. Much of the most recent material consists of specialist papers in edited conference volumes, which while valuable can be difficult for beginners to penetrate and for teachers to use as class set texts. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. Jan 17, Steven Peterson rated it really liked it. Did this actually happen as Herodotus tells it? Pradeep rated it did not like it Mar 17, For instance, it is only at the end that one learns about Babylonian and Biblical traditions of the Medes as a major power. Forerunners of the Achaemenids: the first half of the first millennium BCE 3. According to both Diodorus The choice of these three languages, and their linguistic variety, testifies to important aspects of royal ideology and tradition. One of the key problems in knowing the nature of this Empire is the dependence on such sources as the Greeks and scripture. Primarily, its value was symbolic. Persia seems particularly interesting for how you can run a state of numerous ethnicities. Not enough of these are extant, however, to enable writing a narrative account. The endnotes contain a wealth of valuable references, but they are few in number and can feel arbitrary e. Excavation techniques have advanced since the nineteenth century, from what may generously be termed as mining operations for luxury goods, monuments, and inscriptions: the types of finds that would garner attention in museums. The so-called Alexander historians, those who traveled with Alexander the Great during his conquest of the Persian Empire in the s and s BCE, are also noteworthy. It adds little to our understanding of the history of the period but continues to be mined for social and cultural insights about the Persians. That and the endless use of the toothbrush in all seasons. A very nicely done work. As is often noted, but bears repeating, ancient historians cannot choose their sources. From these he deftly weaves the story of this first Persian Empire, from their origins in the early Iron Age groups of Iran through to the take over of their vast territory by Alexander the Great, integrating into it the character of the sources. Guess why things went right for the Greeks? Some of the estates that the Murashu managed especially larger ones that were gifts of the King were state controlled, granted to various individuals for their use, and in some cases profit, in return for services to the King. They at times provide details about members of the extended royal family and other elites who oversaw a complex and centralized bureaucracy. Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550-330 BCE Writer Most scholars take this to mean the Mosaic law code, even if they differ on the extent of its implementation. Enlarge cover. As noted above, the mainland Greeks lived in the shadow of the great Empire. Phaselis was a coastal city in Lycia in southwestern Anatolia, and Cyaneae or Kyaneai at the northern end of the Bosporus, where it enters the Black Sea. Many are referenced either in the further reading or endnotes. The Persepolis Treasury and Persepolis Fortification tablets pp. Main Menu. Mar 21, Jameel Haque rated it it was ok Shelves: books-in Type and content vary, from state archival material to records of private businessmen who contracted with the crown and private individuals. Sort order. Beginning in BCE, much of the Aegean world was involved in the war between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies. Many of these groups dwelled in what are now the countries of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Then it shall become known to you that the Persian man has given battle far away from Persia. Terse chronicles record significant military or building activities of the kings. Many of these traditions and the languages in which they were transmitted are poorly-understood, some are simply lost. This mostly-lost work was extremely influential in antiquity, but what remains is in many ways disappointing. The only real deficiency, though, is the limited secondary references. An inscription on a silver drinking bowl lists the standard titles: great king, king of kings, and king of lands. One example of Persian diplomacy demonstrates their ingenuity. That such records do not provide us with narrative history is unfortunate, but these are the very kinds of records least likely to do so. To the Greeks we are indebted for western notions of history-writing and historiography. Proper excavation is both meticulous and laborious, and publication of results may take many years. The Odeion was modeled on the tent used by Xerxes during the invasion of Greece. I also enjoyed the As another review said, this is a very good primer. As with many ancient peoples, records of the past were kept alive through oral tradition. A great deal more effort and resources were therefore devoted in Mesopotamia to controlling the flooding of these rivers via irrigation. Before the advent of Islam in the seventh century CE, it included the histories of not only the Achaemenids but also their predecessors the Elamites and their successors the Seleucids, Parthians, and Sassanians. The emphasis is very much on the Persians' dealings with the Greeks. A very nicely done work. Any long-term Athenian designs on the island seem unlikely, because Athens did not have the resources for sustained imperial pursuits. Limited space means some skimming here too: one would like a bit more detail on the remains of some of the capitals Susa, for instance. He wrote his history, and notably read excerpts of it aloud to live audiences at Athens and elsewhere, in the late s and s BCE, a bitter and bloody period of Greek history in the initial stages of the Peloponnesian War. In the fourth century BC, what seem like constant rebellions attested in Greek sources are not necessarily an indication of an empire in decline, but a more or less continuous feature of such a large empire. This tour-de-force is a must- have for scholars and the interested public alike. Unparalleled in its clear and concise discussion, Ancient Persia draws on rich textual, visual, and archaeological sources to convey a cogent overview of the systems, places, and people who made up the Persian Empire. Erdal rated it really liked it Apr 25, For while many Spartan ambassadors had come, they never said the same thing. The Achaemenid Empire a name derived to establish legitimacy of the dynasty was the major power on the planet at that time--only to be overthrown by Alexander the Great and his Macedonian led forces. Notes 1. The practice was not unique to Babylonia. Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550-330 BCE Reviews Thucydides refers to a momentous defeat in which most of the Athenian forces were destroyed.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Achaemenid Persia on Fourth-Century and Early Hellenistic Greek Tyranny
    THE INFLUENCE OF ACHAEMENID PERSIA ON FOURTH-CENTURY AND EARLY HELLENISTIC GREEK TYRANNY Miles Lester-Pearson A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2015 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11826 This item is protected by original copyright The influence of Achaemenid Persia on fourth-century and early Hellenistic Greek tyranny Miles Lester-Pearson This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews Submitted February 2015 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, Miles Lester-Pearson, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 88,000 words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2010 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in September 2011; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2010 and 2015. Date: Signature of Candidate: 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Assyrian Empire, the Conquest of Israel, and the Colonization of Judah 37 I
    ISRAEL AND EMPIRE ii ISRAEL AND EMPIRE A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism Leo G. Perdue and Warren Carter Edited by Coleman A. Baker LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY 1 Bloomsbury T&T Clark An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Imprint previously known as T&T Clark 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury, T&T Clark and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2015 © Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the authors. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-0-56705-409-8 PB: 978-0-56724-328-7 ePDF: 978-0-56728-051-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset by Forthcoming Publications (www.forthpub.com) 1 Contents Abbreviations vii Preface ix Introduction: Empires, Colonies, and Postcolonial Interpretation 1 I.
    [Show full text]
  • Persian Royal Ancestry
    GRANHOLM GENEALOGY PERSIAN ROYAL ANCESTRY Achaemenid Dynasty from Greek mythical Perses, (705-550 BC) یشنماخه یهاشنهاش (Achaemenid Empire, (550-329 BC نايناساس (Sassanid Empire (224-c. 670 INTRODUCTION Persia, of which a large part was called Iran since 1935, has a well recorded history of our early royal ancestry. Two eras covered are here in two parts; the Achaemenid and Sassanian Empires, the first and last of the Pre-Islamic Persian dynasties. This ancestry begins with a connection of the Persian kings to the Greek mythology according to Plato. I have included these kind of connections between myth and history, the reader may decide if and where such a connection really takes place. Plato 428/427 BC – 348/347 BC), was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. King or Shah Cyrus the Great established the first dynasty of Persia about 550 BC. A special list, “Byzantine Emperors” is inserted (at page 27) after the first part showing the lineage from early Egyptian rulers to Cyrus the Great and to the last king of that dynasty, Artaxerxes II, whose daughter Rodogune became a Queen of Armenia. Their descendants tie into our lineage listed in my books about our lineage from our Byzantine, Russia and Poland. The second begins with King Ardashir I, the 59th great grandfather, reigned during 226-241 and ens with the last one, King Yazdagird III, the 43rd great grandfather, reigned during 632 – 651. He married Maria, a Byzantine Princess, which ties into our Byzantine Ancestry.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyrus the Great As a “King of the City of Anshan”*
    ANTIGONI ZOURNATZI Cyrus the Great as a “King of the City of Anshan”* The Anshanite dynastic title of Cyrus the Great and current interpretations Since its discovery in the ruins of Babylon in 1879, the inscribed Cylinder of Cyrus the Great (fig. 1)1 has had a powerful impact on modern perceptions of the founder of the Persian empire. Composed following Cyrus’ conquest of Babylon in 539 BC and stressing above all his care for the Babylonian people and his acts of social and religious restoration, the Akkadian text of the Cylin- der occupies a central place in modern discussions of Cyrus’ imperial policy.2 This famous document is also at the heart of a lively scholarly controversy concerning the background of Cyrus’ dynastic line. The Persian monarch Darius I –who rose to the throne approximately a decade after the death of Cyrus the Great and who founded the ruling dynasty * This paper was initially presented in the First International Conference Iran and the Silk Road (National Museum of Iran, 12-14 February 2011). A pre-publication ver- sion was kindly hosted by Pierre Briant on Achemenet (Zournatzi 2011, prompting the similar reflections of Stronach 2013). The author wishes to express her appreciation to Daryoosh Akbarzadeh and the other organizers of the Tehran conference for the opportunity to participate in a meeting that opened up important new vistas on the complex interactions along the paths of the Silk Road, for their hospitality, as well as for their most gracious permission for both the preliminary and the present final publication. Thanks are equally due to Judith Lerner for a useful discussion concerning the possible wider currency of Cyrus’ Anshanite title outside the Babylonian domain, and to Michael Roaf, David Stronach, and the two reviewers of the article for helpful comments and bibliographical references.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander and the 'Defeat' of the Sogdianian Revolt
    Alexander the Great and the “Defeat” of the Sogdianian Revolt* Salvatore Vacante “A victory is twice itself when the achiever brings home full numbers” (W. Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing, Act I, Scene I) (i) At the beginning of 329,1 the flight of the satrap Bessus towards the northeastern borders of the former Persian Empire gave Alexander the Great the timely opportunity for the invasion of Sogdiana.2 This ancient region was located between the Oxus (present Amu-Darya) and Iaxartes (Syr-Darya) Rivers, where we now find the modern Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, bordering on the South with ancient Bactria (present Afghanistan). According to literary sources, the Macedonians rapidly occupied this large area with its “capital” Maracanda3 and also built, along the Iaxartes, the famous Alexandria Eschate, “the Farthermost.”4 However, during the same year, the Sogdianian nobles Spitamenes and Catanes5 were able to create a coalition of Sogdianians, Bactrians and Scythians, who created serious problems for Macedonian power in the region, forcing Alexander to return for the winter of 329/8 to the largest city of Bactria, Zariaspa-Bactra.6 The chiefs of the revolt were those who had *An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Conflict Archaeology Postgraduate Conference organized by the Centre for Battlefield Archaeology of the University of Glasgow on October 7th – 9th 2011. 1 Except where differently indicated, all the dates are BCE. 2 Arr. 3.28.10-29.6. 3 Arr. 3.30.6; Curt. 7.6.10: modern Samarkand. According to Curtius, the city was surrounded by long walls (70 stades, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • And KEEPING up with the PERSIANS Some Reflections on Cultural Links in the Persian Empire
    Working draft, not for distribution without permission of the author 1 ‘MANNERS MAKYTH MAN’ and KEEPING UP WITH THE PERSIANS Some reflections on cultural links in the Persian Empire Christopher Tuplin (University of Liverpool) Revised version: 9 June 2008 The purpose of the meeting (according to the web site) is to explore how ancient peoples expressed their identities by establishing, constructing, or inventing links with other societies that crossed traditional ethnic and geographic lines. These cross-cultural links complicates, undermine, or give nuance to conventional dichotomies such as self/other, Greek/barbarian, and Jew/gentile In the Achaemenid imperial context this offers a fairly wide remit. But it is a remit limited – or distorted – by the evidence. For in this, as in all aspects of Achaemenid history, we face a set of sources that spreads unevenly across the temporal, spatial and analytical space of the empire. For what might count as an unmediated means of access to a specifically Persian viewpoint we are pretty much confined to iconographically decorated monuments and associated royal inscriptions at Behistun, Persepolis and Susa (which are at least, on the face of it, intended to broach ideological topics) and the Persepolis Fortification and Treasury archives (which emphatically are not). This material is not formally or (to a large extent) chronologically commensurate with the voluminous, but unevenly distributed, Greek discourse that provides so much of the narrative of Achaemenid imperial history. Some of it may appear more commensurate with the substantial body of iconographically decorated monuments (most not associated with inscriptions) derived from western Anatolia that provides much of the material in the two papers under discussion.
    [Show full text]
  • Setting of Esther
    Daniel and Jeremiah Esther 610 600 590 580 570 560 550 540 530 520 510 500 490 480 470 460 450 440 430 420 410 400 Amel-marduk 561-560 Labashi-marduk 556 Xerxes II 425-424 Cambyses Nabopolassar Nebuchadnezzar 605-562 Nabonidus 556-536 Cyrus 539-530 Darius I 521-486 Xerxes I 486-465 Artaxerxes I 465-424 Darius II 423-404 625-605 529-522 Nergal-shal-usur 559-557 Belshazzar 553-539 Smerdis 522 ESTHER Sogdianus 424-423 DANIEL 12 - 8 - Dan 3 Dan Dan 2 Dan 4 Dan 7 Dan 6, 9 5, Dan 10 Dan The The statue dream, 604 Fiery furnace, c603 The tree dream, c571 Vision of four beasts, 553 Vision of ram &goat, 551 Fall of Babylon, 539 Lion’s den Reading of Jeremiah, 539 Vision of the end, 536 , 538 , Deportation, Deportation, 605 st 1 Deportation, 597 Deportation, Deportation, 587 Deportation, Sheshbazzar nd rd Letters sent from Jews at 2 3 Elephantine to Yohanan, high priest in Jerusalem, 410 and 407 Nehemiah returned to Artaxerxes, Artaxerxes, 433 Nehemiah toreturned visit of Nehemiah, Nehemiah, 432 visit of visit of Nehemiah, 445 visitof Nehemiah, return, return, led by st nd Return of Ezra, 458 of Return Ezra, 1 2 st JEREMIAH 1 Walls of 29 25 Temple Jerusalem rebuilt Jer Jer Message Message to exiles, 597 Prophecy Prophecy of captivity, 605 rebuilt, Temple foundation laid 520-516 443 Jehoiakim 609-598 HAGGAI NEHEMIAH Jehoiachin 608-597 Zedekiah 597-587 flight585 to Forced Egypt, ZECHARIAH EZRA MALACHI 44 Jer Prophecy Prophecy against refugees in Egypt Setting of Esther 540 530 520 510 500 490 480 470 460 450 440 430 478 BC 482 BC Esther 2:16 474
    [Show full text]
  • Lions and Roses: an Interpretive History of Israeli-Iranian Relations" (2007)
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-13-2007 Lions and Roses: An Interpretive History of Israeli- Iranian Relations Marsha B. Cohen Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI08081510 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Cohen, Marsha B., "Lions and Roses: An Interpretive History of Israeli-Iranian Relations" (2007). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 5. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/5 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida LIONS AND ROSES: AN INTERPRETIVE HISTORY OF ISRAELI-IRANIAN RELATIONS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS by Marsha B. Cohen 2007 To: Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Marsha B. Cohen, and entitled Lions and Roses: An Interpretive History of Israeli-Iranian Relations, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Persians from “Ancient Persian Empire” to “Modern Iran”
    Understanding Persians From “Ancient Persian Empire” to “Modern Iran” From “Ancient Persian Empire” …… Persians (present day Iranians) are descendents of a long and glorious empire founded 2,500 years ago by Cyrus the Great and brilliantly governed by his successors Cambyses, Darius, Xerxes, Artaxerxes, and others. For more than 200 years, this ancient Persian Empire stretched across vast areas, carrying for the most part, a peaceful rule and developing the highest levels of civilization known at the time. The rule by King Cyrus began with the overthrow of the ruling Median (Kurdish) King Astyages in 549 BCE. After capturing the capital city of Hamadan, Cyrus moved south, and with a brilliant military maneuver, captured the seat of the Babylonian Empire in 539, thus establishing history’s then largest empire. Rather than destroying the civilizations of their captives, Cyrus and his successors came to embrace them, thus allowing them to draw from the learning of others. Another of the many remarkable decisions of Cyrus the Great was allowing the Jewish captives of the Babylonians to return to their homeland in Jerusalem. Zoroastrianism was the religion of this long Persian rule as it had been under the Medes. Many Jews, who had been brought to Babylon from Jerusalem by King Nebuchadnezzar, chose to remain in Persia rather than return to Jerusalem, and some came to hold high positions within the empire. Several Jewish writers left us a legacy of the times of this great Persian Empire as recorded in the Biblical books of Esther, Daniel, Joel, Ezekiel, Nehemiah, and Ezra. Cyrus’ son and successor, Cambyses (530-522 BCE) is mainly remembered for his conquest of Egypt in 525.
    [Show full text]
  • Holy Bible 1 1:1 536 »
    1 1 12 25 Holy_bible_1 536 1:1 1 » 2 « 77 12 25 599 11 » 12 13 14 « 17 13 24 2 12 11 » 13 14 15 16 17 « 2 539 1 609 3 536 1 606 8 527 9 597 5 517 4 587 7 515 6 585 586 586 10 537 11 467 12 457 8 527 457 1 Nebuchadnezzar II Listen (help·info) (c 634 – 562 BC) was a ruler of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty, who reigned c. 605 BC – 562 BC. According to the Bible, he conquered Judah and Jerusalem, and sent the Jews into exile. He is credited with the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. He is featured in the Book of Daniel and is also mentioned in several other books of the Bible. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebuchadrezzar_II 2 The Battle of Opis, fought in September 539 BC, was a major engagement between the armies of Persia under Cyrus the Great and the Neo-Babylonian Empire under Nabonidus during the Persian invasion of Mesopotamia. At the time, Babylonia was the last major power in western Asia that was not yet under Persian control. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Opis 1 45 3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_II_the_Great The accession of Cyrus the Great of Persia in 538 BCE made the re- establishment of a Jewish http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple 1 24 2 4 587 BC—Jerusalem falls to the Babylonians, ending the Kingdom of Judah. The http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/587_BC 519 517 5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire 6 The First Temple was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC when they sacked the city.
    [Show full text]
  • Kerman Xv.—Xvi
    KERMAN XV.—XVI. LANGUAGES 301 968. Robert Joseph Dillon, “Carpet Capitalism and the Trade of the Kerman Consular District for the Year Craft Involution in Kirman. Iran: A Study in Economic 1902-03 by Major P. Sykes, His Majesty’s Consul,” Anthropology,” Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1976. House of Commons Pari iamentary Papers, Annual Series Arthur Cecil Edwards, The Persian Carpet: A Survey of o f Trade Reports, Cd.1386, 1903. Idem, “Report for the the Carpet-Weaving Industry of Persia, London, 1975. Year 1905-06 on the Trade of the Kerman Consular Dis­ A. H. Gleadowe-Newcomen, Report on the Commercial trict,” House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, Annual Mission to South-Eastern Persia During 1904-1905, Series of Trade Reports, Cd.2682, 1906. Ahmad-'Ali Calcutta, 1906. James Gustafson, “Opium, Carpets, and Khan Waziri Kermani, Jografia-ye Kerman, ed. Moham- Constitutionalists: A Social History of the Elite House­ mad-Ebrahim Bastani Parizi, 2nd ed., Tehran, 1974. holds of Kirman, 1859-1914,” Ph.D. diss., University of Hans E. Wulff, The Traditional Crafts of Persia: Their Washington, 2010. Leonard Michael Helfgott, Ties that Development, Technology, and Influence on Eastern and Bind: A Social History o f the Iranian Carpet, Washing­ Western Civilization, London, 1966. ton, D.C., 1 994. L. Haworth, “Diary for the Week Ending (J a m e s M. G u s t a f s o n ) November 12 1905,” U. K. National Archives, Kew, F.O. 248/846. International Monetary Fund, Islamic Republic of Iran—Statistical Appendix, IMF Country Report No. 04/307, September, 2004.
    [Show full text]