Historically Jeffco Magazine 2012

Issue 33, 2012 H J istorically e co ff Historically Je ff co

Mall visionary Gerri von Frellick, circa 1967, at Villa Italia Courtesy Lakewood’s Heritage Center, City of Lakewood Contents 2 Fortress Commerce: Jefferson County’s Malls Rosemary Lewis 8 A Modern Revolution in Historic Preservation Sally White 11 Applewood – an Orchard of Apple Trees Marian Metsopoulos 13 All It Took Was One Ad Writers’ Award Winner, First Place, Adult Long Essay Matthew Prythero 16 Golden Cemetery National Register of Historic Places Richard Gardner 17 Ralston Cemetery State Register of Historic Places Matthew Prythero 18 Norman and Ethel Meyer Award for Historic Preservation in Jefferson County Deborah Andrews 20 Jefferson County Hall of Fame: John C. Bandimere, Jr. Viona ‘Vi’ Mae Hader 21 The Humphrey Memorial Park and Museum Writers’ Award Winner, First Place, Adult Short Essay Lois Lange 23 Step Back in Time at the Humphrey Museum Margaret T. Chapman 25 Wildfire History in Jefferson County List of Fires Published by the Jefferson County Jeffco’s First Major Wildfire Historical Commission (JCHC) Historic Consequences of Early Fires Chair: Rose Lewis Richard Gardner JCHC Publications Committee Farewell to the Lamb School Co-editors of Historically Jeffco: Milly Roeder Margaret T. Chapman, Sally L. White Design & Layout: Doyle Harrison 31 Territorial Capitol Anniversary Issue 33, 2012 Richard Gardner ISSN 1532-6047 32 Historic Places in Transition 34 Denver Mountain Parks Centennial Celebrates a Legacy of History Sally White, Denver Mountain Parks, and Jay Clark, Marketing & Communications, Denver Parks and Recreation 37 Jefferson County Historical Commission 2012 Rosemary Lewis

Please note: A revised version of the 2011 article The Rhubarb Festival at Pine Grove, by David Nelson, has been posted on the web site at HistoricJeffco.org.

Cover Photo: 2000 Hi Meadows Fire copyright Jefferson County Archives Historically Jeffco 2012 1 Fortress Commerce: Jefferson County’s Malls

By Rosemary Lewis s there anything more maligned in modern by a protective moat of asphalt, turned inward America than the mall? From the countless and providing protection from the intrusions of Istrip malls that line commercial thorough- the outside world. They promised escape and a fares to mega-malls with entire amusement parks permissible sense of voyeurism embodied in the within their confines, the mall is synonymous tantalizing allure of products and services that with blight and the destruction of our historic were the envy of the world. They served as sub- urban cores. Yet this architectural form is a prod- stitutes for civic, social, and cultural centers in uct of supply-and-demand economics. The rise the exploding residential suburbs. But within a of automobiles, the post-war baby boom, and few decades they passed from novelties to rel- the burgeoning economy made home owner- ics, their blank facades revealing nothing of ship away from the city not only desirable but the once-beautiful hive of activity that buzzed often a necessity to keep pace with growing de- within. Today a grass-roots nostalgic movement mand for living space. Retailers simply followed documenting the dead malls has formed on the The Sears store at the money, and the money was in those enticing internet, and Jefferson County has its own share Westland, circa 1963. fortresses of commerce—the Shopping Centers. of stories to tell, notably the distinction of hav- Photos and illustrations for this article are Indeed these shopping centers (they were not ing what is potentially the first fully enclosed courtesy of Lakewood’s shopping center in the United States, Gerri von Heritage Center, City of known as “malls” until later) resembled the me- Lakewood. dieval fortress, isolated from their surroundings Frellick’s Lakeside Shopping City.

2 Historically Jeffco 2012 Although our shopping malls may be considered include restaurants, post offices, pharmacies, and View of Westland to have roots in the ancient market centers of banks. In March 1954, the first phase of Gruen’s mall, circa 1963 Europe, the twentieth-century American mall is masterwork, the 460-acre open air Northland largely the brainchild of one man, Austrian emi- Center near Detroit, opened its doors. It was a grant Victor Gruen. He conceptualized an ap- milestone in retail development, incorporating proach to retailing that expanded far beyond the separate flows for automobiles, delivery trucks, conventional display of wares in store windows and pedestrians, as well as tasteful landscaping to incorporate the entire retail space as a display and public art installations. case for goods. The theory held that the pass- ing customers would be so captivated that they would be drawn subconsciously into the store, shop, and thereby increase revenue. This model, termed the “Gruen Effect” or “Gruen Transfer” stands at the core of modern retail design and by extension the form and function of the shopping center. Gruen’s vision was not limited just to a single store, but to a whole commercial village arranged artfully in a comprehensive fashion to

Historically Jeffco 2012 3 The train at Villa Italia, circa 1967.

Denver Suburban Shopping Joslin’s opened its fourth branch location at the The Denver metropolitan area benefitted greatly new Merchant’s Park on South Broadway, argu- from the post-war economic boom. The five- ably Denver’s first “ultramodern” shopping cen- county Denver metropolitan area, consisting ter. It incorporated a Miller’s supermarket and a of Denver, Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, and variety of specialty shops, as well as the depart- Jefferson counties, posted a population gain of ment store, under one roof. The design included 51.8 percent between 1950 and 1960. Jefferson plenty of off-street parking, an indispensable ne- County maintained a high, but steady, rate of cessity in this age of the automobile. growth in post-war years, on average doubling The following year Denver retailers continued every ten years between 1940 and 1970, and was their slow but inexorable move to the suburbs. second only to Denver County in population in On October 8, 1953, the Denver Dry Goods the metro area by 1950. Farms disappeared be- Company opened its Cherry Creek branch store, neath housing developments, and more residents in the first phase of architect Temple Buell’s meant increased demand for convenient retail grand scheme to re-develop the former city centers and local grocery stores. Owners of Den- dump. Sears Roebuck joined the Denver Dry ver’s leading department stores—Denver Dry at Cherry Creek in 1954. On December 3, the Goods, Joslin’s, May D&F, and Neusteters—re- May Company (it would not acquire the Daniels alized that expansion to the suburbs would be in and Fisher Company until 1956 to become May their best financial interests and began to test the D&F) announced it would open a branch store waters, with Joslin’s leading the way. at the University Hills Shopping Center as part As of early 1952, Joslin’s operated three branch of that center’s $5 million expansion. locations, located in Aurora, Englewood, and Jefferson County Mall Development Lakewood. These were not associated with a shopping center but were stand-alone establish- Developers in Jefferson County easily kept pace ments with the conventional pedestrian-orient- with neighboring Denver. On September 21, ed street-front design. In March of that year, 1953, the directors of the Jewish Consump-

4 Historically Jeffco 2012 tives’ Relief Society (JCRS) announced a pro- opment stalled only to be resurrected a few years posed shopping center on 20 acres of its land later as the Westland Shopping Center. facing Colfax Avenue that would likely include While these early runners in the shopping center a Joslin’s, which would relocate from its existing race were still on the drawing boards, Oklaho- Lakewood location. The newspapers speculated ma-born developer Gerri von Frellick stole the that the JCRS development would up the ante show. On September 12, 1954, he announced by including not just one but two department his plans for the biggest shopping center yet in stores. The second retailer would be Neusteters, the Denver area—Lakeside Shopping City. Von as Myron Neusteter was a vice-president on the Frellick arrived in Colorado in 1952, scraping JCRS board. Neusteters never branched into Jef- by after the crash of his construction company ferson County, instead contenting itself with a in Texas and reinventing himself as a shopping- branch at Cherry Creek. center visionary. He proved to be a genius in Further west along Colfax a group of investors promotion, keeping consumer anticipation high (including local automobile dealership owners with frequent articles in the newspapers, all Roy J. Weaver, E. Jack Beatty, Harry Downing, leading up to the grand opening on August 30, and Ralph Schomp) announced their plans on 1956, beating out JCRS and the re-envisioned December 3 to construct a shopping center on Westland developments by several years. It also 65 acres of the former Montgomery farm west of beat out by five weeks the opening of Gruen’s Miller Street, tentatively called the Colfax-Lake- highly-anticipated Southdale Center at Edina, May D&F at wood Trading Center. Planning for that devel- Minnesota, as the first enclosed, air-condi- Westland, circa 1963.

Historically Jeffco 2012 5 tioned, shopping center in the United States, a Meanwhile, the JCRS Shopping Center opened fact scarcely noted in the contemporary public- its doors in February 1957. Like Lakeside it ity and entirely overlooked in subsequent years. featured a range of stores, led by Joslin’s and Lakeside was located to the west of Lakeside J.C. Penney, F.W. Woolworth, and Miller’s Su- Amusement Park on West Forty-fourth Avenue, per Market. Although both developments were a major street connecting Golden and Denver. “shopping centers” in the language of the con- The developers anticipated that the soon-to-be- temporary community builders—commercial constructed expressway (Interstate 70) would establishments planned and developed as a unit enhance the revenue-generating potential of this and supplied with off-street parking, they dif- shopping area by bringing the masses quickly fered in their orientation. The JCRS center was and easily to its doors. It offered 446,749 square less than half the size of the Lakeside center a feet of retailing space on multiple levels, 28 few miles to the north. Where Lakeside’s de- shops, 4,600 parking spaces; it cost $12 million. sign featured the stores arranged around a cen- By comparison Southdale had 810,000 square tral, enclosed common area, or mall, JCRS was feet of retail space and 72 stores. The venerable more of a conventional street-oriented plan with Denver Dry Goods Company opened its second shops arranged in an L-shape facing the parking suburban location at Lakeside and was the larg- lot; Joslin’s occupied the intersection of the two est tenant. Twenty-seven other retailers and per- arms. JCRS was, however, unique in the new sonal service establishments rounded out the list world of shopping centers. The land remained of tenants, including Woolworth’s, Fashion Bar in the hands of the JCRS and the revenue from and assorted clothing stores, three shoe stores, rentals would go to support the JCRS, a non- a cafeteria, two financial businesses, specialty sectarian hospital and rest home. Several years shops such as Russell Stover Candies, a clean- later realtor V. J. “Jack” Dunton would emulate ers, a salon, and a Conoco service station. An this form of ownership and deed the Westmin- estimated 25,000 people jammed Lakeside for ster Plaza in Adams County as an endowment to the first of the three days of opening ceremonies the Colorado Woman’s College while he main- where they enjoyed bands, contests, giveaways, tained management of the center. and a riding demonstration by the Westernaires. The third Jefferson County entry into the shop- Bozo the Clown entertained young and old alike. ping center boom of the mid 1950s, the de- Von Frellick found that big dreams entailed big velopment at Colfax and Miller Street, had headaches. In March 1958, he petitioned Den- meanwhile undergone a change in direction. ver to annex Lakeside, citing the high taxes in In January 1959, ground was finally broken on Jefferson County. In an era when Denver was the old Montgomery farm property. May Shop- increasingly ravenous for new property, it found ping Centers, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary itself unable to acquire the Lakeside site because of May Department stores, was the developer, its annexation rules required at least one-sixth of and a May D&F was the centerpiece and ma- the total proposed boundary be contiguous with jor retailer of the newly christened Westland the existing Denver boundary, a condition that Center. May D&F had already branched out did not exist at Lakeside. However not all was into the suburban shopping center with a store bleak; Lakeside scored a retailing coup when, on at University Hills in 1953. The first phase of August 13, 1958, national retailer Montgomery the Westland development opened on August 1, Ward & Company opened its doors, setting a 1960. The design called for 244,000 square feet national precedent. This was promoted as the of retail space, consisting of two rows of stores first of 21 stores that the company was build- facing each other across an open, landscaped, ing across the country in suburban shopping pedestrian mall. May D&F was located near the centers. This combination of local and national center of the development, and two other large retailers proved to be essential in the economic retailers would be located at each end. A unique health of the shopping centers. feature of this westernmost shopping center was Fort Westland, a children’s care facility located

6 Historically Jeffco 2012 outside the May D&F’s Lookout Room. Alas, malls in the 1970s and 1980s eroded the novelty Fort Westland was fated to disappear early, with of these temples to conspicuous consumption. the second phase of construction that began in In 1958 there were an estimated 2,900 malls in the summer of 1962. The Westland tenant roster America. By 1980 there were more than 22,000. eventually included Fashion Bar, Luby’s Cafete- Farrell’s observations certainly held true for the ria, and Sears Roebuck and Company. The mall early Jefferson County malls. Within two decades was enclosed in 1968 with a glass canopy arching each of the four early shopping centers had un- over its central arcade, bringing in light for the dergone major renovations but were still show- maturing trees while keeping out the weather. ing their age. Now middle-aged, the original In 1963 von Frellick capitalized on his experience four lost their luster and eventually their anchor at Lakeside and announced his newest venture. stores to newer venues such as Westminster Mall This new shopping center, nearly double the size and Southwest Plaza. Joslin’s moved out of JCRS of Lakeside at a planned 800,000 square feet, in the late 1970s and its space became the Casa was to be built on a portion of the Belmar es- Bonita restaurant. Lakeside became La Plaza de tate at the southeast corner of Alameda Parkway Lakeside in 2002, catering and Wadsworth Boulevard on land leased from to Hispanic consumers after Charles Stanton, widower of The Denver Post Montgomery Ward moved heiress May Bonfils Stanton. The Rocky Moun- out the previous year. It was tain News on December 9, 1964, quoted Von demolished in 2008 and the Frellick’s vision for the center as incorporating land is currently slated to be “in every aspect of the center the Italian distinc- redeveloped as a Wal-Mart tives [sic] in art and architecture that will make Supercenter. May Compa- Villa Italia truly European in concept and atmo- ny left Westland, and the sphere.” As part of the lease agreement, Stanton mall itself was partially de- required that $250,000 be spent on landscaping molished and turned into and that provisions for continuing care of the another strip mall of dis- landscape be provided. As with the run-up to count stores along Colfax the Lakeside opening, von Frellick was often to Avenue. Villa Italia was be found in the newspaper dropping tantalizing demolished in 2002, but hints of what was coming. Villa Italia opened the corner found a new on March 10, 1966, less than a decade after the lease on life as the New opening of Lakeside. It included an F.W. Wool- Urban Belmar develop- worth, Joslin’s, and a Montgomery Ward store ment took its place. Nothing now remains of Gerri von Frellick’s retail empire in the Denver Advertisement for larger than that at Lakeside. Von Frellick sold the grand opening Villa Italia to Texas oilman Don D. Harrington metropolitan area. His other projects at Cinder- of Westland, from in June 1968 in order to concentrate his efforts ella City and Boulder Crossroads are also but The Denver Post, July 31, 1960. and assets on an even grander venture, Cinder- a memory and other, newer, retail palaces have ella City in nearby Englewood, which opened in taken their places. March 1968. Sources: The Denver Post, Rocky Mountain News, New York Times, Cervi’s Concluding Remarks Journal, Denver Business Journal, Time. Community Builders’ Council of the Urban Land Institute. The Jefferson County’s first flush of mall construc- Community Builders Handbook. Washington DC. 1954. tion ended with Villa Italia. Staying on the cut- Ellen Dunham-Jones and June Williamson. Retrofitting Suburbia: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs. Hoboken, NJ: ting edge of consumer expectations required the John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2009. mall owners to update constantly, and certainly James Farrell. One Nation Under Goods: Malls and the Seductions of American Shopping. Washington DC: Smithsonian Books. 2003. to launch a major overhaul every five to ten M. Jeffrey Hardwick. Mall Maker: Victor Gruen, Architect of an years. James Farrell, author of One Nation Un- American Dream. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. der Goods: Malls and the Seductions of American 2004. Carl Abbott. “Suburb and City: Changing Patterns of Socioeconomic Shopping, postulated that the mass production of Status in Metropolitan Denver since 1940.” Social Science History Vol. 11 No. 1 (Fall 1977): 53-71.

Historically Jeffco 2012 7 A Modern Revolution in Historic Preservation

by Sally White istory lovers attending the May 2012 Historic Preservation Symposium at Ken-Caryl Ranch got a wake-up call from keynote speaker Diane Wray Tomasso. “Learn to love modern,” she Htold us, “otherwise you’re ignoring 98.5% of Jeffco’s architectural history!” Oscar Helmich designed the Shannon House at 14598 Foothill Road, Applewood. Built in 1982, it displays Rustic Modernism. Diane Wray Tomasso, courtesy of Historic Denver, Inc.

Joseph Lort was the architect for the Cummings House in 1956. This example of Expressionism is located at 5200 Ridge Trail in Bow Mar. Kathleen Roach, courtesy of Historic Denver, Inc.

8 Historically Jeffco 2012 The Smith House, built in 1962 at 14596 Foothill Road in Applewood, is an example of Usonian Style. Thomas Nixon was the architect. Kathleen Roach, courtesy of Historic Denver, Inc.

The curved lines of the so-called ‘Spaceship House’ or ‘Sculptured House’ Tomasso, who wrote the National Register Jefferson County, during the post-war period, are prominent in nomination for the Charles Deaton Sculptured had a key role in the “inception of the world as exterior views, and echoed in this House, listed in 2004, suggested attendees look we know it today.” Many events of the second 1963 building’s at historic districts that span several decades. She half of the 20th century are reflected in the his- custom interiors and cited Jewish Consumptive Relief Society (JCRS) tory of Jefferson County. This was driven by the furnishings. as an example of a Jeffco district that displays arrival of the Martin Company (now Martin- Spiral staircases in th the Charles Deaton 20 century Art Deco, Art Moderne, and Inter- Marietta). These post-war events influenced the House (aka ‘Sleeper national style buildings, side-by-side with older development of suburban community and fam- House’) provide and more traditional architectural styles. She ily life that still defines Jefferson County, and architectural interest for this unique noted that a love for traditional architecture does its neighboring counties, today. They also influ- example of modern not preclude an understanding and appreciation enced and defined the changing architecture of construction. of modern architectural styles. this rapidly evolving era. S.L. White.

Historically Jeffco 2012 9 After the Cold War subsided, Martin shifted from producing rockets for the delivery of nuclear weapons to rockets that carried Americans to the moon in the Space Race. An imported educated work- force was drawn from all over the country. Lacking ties to or roots in the area, em- ployees began to look to the corporation to provide social and recreational pro- grams, launching a transformation in the culture of community. The large corpo- rate centers that arose in south Jeffco and elsewhere are just reaching the age of 50, achieving a milestone that brings them to the attention of historians. Highly paid management, office, and Fredrick House, at 13755 W. Kentucky Drive on Green Mountain, is a Lakewood example of Expressionism, designed by Charles technical workers could also afford to Haertling in 1964. hire architects to design their personal Kathleen Roach, courtesy of Historic Denver, Inc. residences, and distinctive modern homes began to dot the county’s suburbs or clus- ter in neighborhoods. Tomasso concluded her presentation with a slide show of pri- vate homes that represent styles of mod- ern architecture of the last several decades. These homes, also compiled in her book The Mid-Century Modern House in Denver, deserve consideration by historic preservationists. Many are concentrated in areas, such as Applewood and Green Mountain, that could become designated historic districts in their own right—if Jeffco historians look beyond the 19th century and rise to the challenge of docu- menting these structures. In closing, Tomasso challenged the audi- ence members and historical societies to survey, document, and list a Foothill Road Rustic Modernism style is displayed in this 1987 house, located Historic District in the Applewood area, at 905 S. Coors Drive, Green Mountain. which would include many architecturally Kathleen Roach, courtesy of Historic Denver, Inc. significant modern homes of the period.

Sources: Paglia, Michael and Diane Wray Tomasso. 2007. The Mid- Century Modern House in Denver, Historic Denver Guides. Historic Denver Inc. 96 pp. This book includes representative structures from Jefferson County. Tomasso, Diane Wray. 2008. Historic Context of Littleton Colorado, 1949-1967. City of Littleton, Office of Community Development, 217 pages. Littletongov.org White, Sally L. 2012. Informal notes from Tomasso’s presentation at the May 5th symposium.

10 Historically Jeffco 2012 Applewood – an Orchard of Apple Trees

by Marian Metsopoulos he story of Applewood is really the story of the Bungers who came west to take Tadvantage of the Homestead Acts of the mid-1800s. They were part of the wave of farmer emigrants from Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, and other eastern states. Applewood’s origins start with cultivation of wheat. By 1876, every plot in Applewood was under cultivation. In 1883 Fred and Emma Bunger arrived in Col- orado from Indiana. First, they homesteaded in Fort Morgan before moving in 1889 to Prospect Valley in Wheat Ridge to raise their six sons and three daughters. Transporting fruits and vegetables across the plains was costly. It wasn’t long before the gold Bunger family members, seekers realized that farming was more profitable pounded a crowbar into the ground and shoved circa 1924 than seeking gold. Growing wheat began as early in a stick of dynamite. After the explosion, the Courtesy of Howard Bunger, Jr. as 1862 but soon gave way to the cultivation of ground cracked enough to plow so they could apples, strawberries, raspberries, peas, carrots, plant the seedlings. The cracks aerated the soil, onions, potatoes, and other vegetables. To sup- and the nitrogen from the gun powder provided ply the many customers in Denver, Fred Bunger a powerful fertilizer. The result was a productive would visit farms to gather produce to sell on orchard that included Early June, McIntosh, commission along with his harvest. Rome Beauty, and Delicious apples. They also planted pear, peach, and cherry trees. Some of Denver’s first produce market was at 20th and these trees still bear fruit in Applewood Glen. Curtis Streets. Later, a market was formed along the west bank of Cherry Creek, stretching from In the 1950s, Youngfield Street was a narrow, rutted dirt road; but land was becoming more Youngfield Street in Colfax Avenue to Arapahoe Street. About 40 front of the Myron wagons made daily deliveries along this stretch. valuable for housing tracts than for farming. An Bunger house, circa Myron Bunger, the family’s entrepreneur, example is the 160-acre Creighton Airport land- 1989 opened Bunger’s Cellar – Wheat Ridge’s first real ing field owned by Cyrus Creighton and located Courtesy of Todd Crowe fruit stand – on West 38th Avenue. He managed the stand until his brother, Mead, and sisters Val and Luda, took over from him. At the depth of the Depression in 1932, two of the brothers, Myron and Howard, and a sister, Berness, scraped together an $8,000 down pay- ment for 80 acres centered on West 26th Avenue and Youngfield Street. The land was crossed by a creek that provided good water rights. Today this is the location of Maple Grove Reservoir. In 1938, in an example of Myron’s “horse trad- ing” skills, a farmer paid Myron in apple seed- lings. The family tried to plant the seedlings, but the ground was too hard to plow. So, they

Historically Jeffco 2012 11 north of 20th Avenue and The Applewood developments multiplied like west of Youngfield Street. seedlings; today there are nine of them. Myron The acreage became the originally acquired enough land for 600 half- site of 450 Hutchinson acre-plus home sites and named it Applewood Homes and a 300-foot Mesa. This area, west of Youngfield Street, has stretch set aside by the curving roads, spacious lots, and bridal paths. Jefferson County Com- Howard and Mills Bunger, both water engineers missioners for Interstate with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, helped 70, finished in 1962. Myron develop a water system for the commu- As large acreages were nity they envisioned. They secured water rights sold off in smaller tracts, around Golden and combined them with deep wheat disappeared as wells. Myron got financing from the old Cen- farmers like Fred Bung- tral Bank of Denver and established Applewood er, Martin Everitt, John Mesa Realty. Applewood Mesa was followed by Tobias, and the Green Applewood Hills, Applewood View, Applewood Brothers turned to grow- Valley, Applewood Glen, Applewood Grove, Ap- ing fruits and vegetables. plewood Heights and Applewood Knolls. Numerous nurseries were Education was a top priority in the Bunger house- Walking path along started featuring fruit trees, plants, and orna- hold. Berness and Mills, the oldest children, had an irrigation ditch mental shrubbery. Over the years, the farmland to walk so far to the nearest elementary school, Rosemary Lewis changed into quiet neighborhoods supported by their parents helped found the Prospect Valley small businesses, whose owners and employees School at 35th Avenue and Kipling Street. Eight remained industrious, dependable, and hard of the Bunger children graduated from Wheat working members of their community. Ridge High School. Myron received his diploma In 1954, the area was named Applewood, after at a California high school. All nine Bunger chil- the Bunger apple orchard at 18th Avenue and dren graduated from Colorado colleges. Youngfield Street. Almost large enough to be a Fred Bunger was an active community servant. city in its own right, Applewood encompasses He founded the Wheat Ridge Post Office, where 38th Avenue on the north, Colfax Avenue on the he served nine years as postmaster. In solidly Re- south, almost to Kipling Avenue on the east and publican Jefferson County, Fred Bunger stood A typical street west up the slopes of South Table Mountain. his ground as a staunch Democrat. He was a del- within the Hutchinson Homes Residents’ mailing addresses are in Lakewood, egate at the 1936 Democratic National Conven- area Wheat Ridge and unincorporated Jefferson tion in Philadelphia, where President Franklin Rosemary Lewis County. Roosevelt was nominated for a second term. Applewood has changed from farms supplying the early gold seekers, to large-acreage ranches, to homes which became the “city” of Apple- wood. This 4.8 square-mile area, according to the 2010 U.S. Census, is home to 7,120 resi- dents, many of whom are involved in the life of the greater Denver Metropolitan Area.

Sources: Editor, Wilcox, Patricia K., Lakewood, Colorado, an Illustrated Biography, 1994, History of Applewood, p. 265 Jefferson County Historical Commission, Place Names Directory www.applewoodbusiness.com Applewood, CO, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Interviews: Conversations with Howard (Bud) Bunger, Jr., during April & May, 2012

12 Historically Jeffco 2012 All It Took Was One Ad Writers’ Award Winner, First Place, Adult Long Essay By Matthew Prythero t was a beautiful Monday morning on Sept. 24, stating how much money the bank had on hand, 1923. Arvada citizens were enjoying a quiet day, including the number of Liberty Bonds. Ibut that was soon to change. It was five minutes Unfortunately, that same week, a man named Jack before noon when three men walked into the First came across that issue of the Arvada Enterprise and State Bank of Arvada. Never before had the three read the bank’s report. He decided it would be worth men been in the bank. The bank cashier looked up a “visit” and began looking for other “trustworthy” from his work to welcome them, only to have a gun men to help him rob the bank. Jack was staying at pointed in his face. a boarding house at 2636 Stout St. where the four The men forced the cashier, the president, anda men planned the robbery. The quartet met the customer to the back of the bank. From there, the morning of the robbery at a park at Tennyson Street unknown men stole nearly all of the money in the and West 46th Avenue. Frank O. Carpenter was left This photograph bank, including Liberty Bonds and silver dollars. behind to man the second getaway car, a Cole Eight was taken circa The robbers ran from the bank when many Arva- Roadster, much faster than the Ford Touring Car, 1923-1924 and is purported to be dans were looking toward the bank and saw three which was the first method of escape. Morley White on men run from the bank, get into a car, and drive off. It was business as usual on that Monday morning the left with Mr. Peterson on the Two minutes later, the cashier, the president, and for bank cashier, Morley White, and his father, bank the customer got into a car and raced after the three right. The beginning President J. F. White. President White was looking letters of the words, men. for the nearest store that sold the batteries used in “First” and “Bank” The bank, which started business in 1913, contin- the bank’s alarm system. When both Whites opened for the sign of the ued to be owned and operated by John F. White for the day, they noticed that the battery that fur- First State Bank of Arvada can be seen with his relatives as employees. The bank, with great nished current to the alarm was out of order. The to the right of this business, had never once had any trouble in Arvada bank had no replacement. At 11:55 a.m., Morley photograph. - until 1923. In the Arvada Enterprise of Sept. 20, White heard the door open. He looked up to find a Courtesy of the Arvada 1923, the bank published its Report of Condition, gun pointed right in his face. Historical Society.

Historically Jeffco 2012 13 The bandits’ 90 second head start wasn’t much since the $490 in silver dollars weighed the car down, and the car pursuing them was faster. Within two min- utes, the pursuing car caught up to the bandits’ Ford Touring Car; but it could not get too close as the trio threatened the pursuers with automatic weap- ons. The pursuers planned to maintain the high speed chase to allow alarms to be set off and to have Denver Police join the pursuit. Unfortunately, since no alarm was tripped and there was no police car in sight, the pursuers pressed on. As the bandits neared their meeting point where From left to right. The only words spoken to Morley were, “Hands they were to meet Carpenter, they noticed that he Arrest photographs up.” The man holding the gun, unidentified at the was nowhere in sight. Fearing that they could not of Claude Carmen, time, was Claude Carmen. His partner, Jack, point- start the car fast enough to evade their pursuers, Frank O. Carpenter, ed his weapon at President White. The third rob- the trio did not stop. Trying to evade their pursu- and David Lee ers, the Ford made sharp turns and maintained a Masters. ber, David Lee Masters, went behind the cages and pointed his gun at the Whites. Carmen and Jack fast pace to lose the Arvadans. At Raleigh Street and forced them into the back room. Then Charles W. West 45th Avenue, Jack was dropped off, carrying all Clark, president of Midwest Tire Company, walked the money except the $490 in silver dollars. Carmen into the bank. Masters, who was in the tellers’ cage, was dropped off a couple of minutes later at West temporarily lowered his weapon when Clark asked 25th Avenue and Sheridan Boulevard only carrying for the location of President White. Masters replied his weapon. By this time, the Arvadans had lost the that he was “in the rear room.” trio; but they continued searching. Masters doubled back and continued west on West 26th Avenue until Masters then told Clark how to get behind the cage. a flat tire forced him to stop. Once behind, Clark turned to Masters only to have a Report of Condition gun pointed at his midriff. Masters then told Clark, Carrying the bag filled with the silver dollars that of the First State Bank, published on “He’s in the back room. You go back there, too!” Jack had left in the car, Masters jumped from the Sept. 20, 1923, in the Masters moved Clark into the back room where car and ran to a tree in a nearby field, three miles Arvada Enterprise. Clark saw the two Whites being covered by the west of the Denver city limits. Masters buried the other two bandits. Af- silver dollars and the revolver in separate holes un- ter making sure their der a tree. He then walked south to the Denver and prisoners wouldn’t Intermountain Railway line. At a small way station, bother them, the ban- he caught a street car into Denver. dits then cleaned out Jack was not so lucky in his getaway. After be- the safe, taking $500 ing dropped off at West 45th Avenue and Raleigh in Liberty Bonds, Street, he ran up the street to a garage so he could $6,220 in cash, and better conceal the money on his body. He found $490 in silver dollars. the perfect garage, or an unlocked one at least, on The robbers ran from the property of Mr. H.W. Feurstein, 4515 Raleigh the bank, jumped in St. Jack had been in the garage for several minutes their Ford, took off when Feurstein entered the garage, intending to down Grandview take his car to Denver to complete errands. Seeing Avenue, and were the unknown man, he ran back, but not before be- gone. It took Clark ing nearly shot by Jack. Feurstein ran into his home and both Whites a where he got his gun. Returning to the garage, he minute to realize that found it empty except for $1,665 of the stolen mon- they had been left ey. Jack somehow found his way to Denver with the All figures courtesy of alone. It took another 30 seconds for Morley White, Arvada Historical Society. money concealed on him. All newspaper figures Charles Clark, and O.H. Donner, who had seen the courtesy of Arvada bandits run out, to get into Clark’s car, start it up, Enterprise. and race after the bandits.

14 Historically Jeffco 2012 Both Carmen and Carpenter made it safely back to the Stout Street boarding house. Masters returned to the room in the Stout Street house late in the after- noon to find Carmen and Carpenter. Jack recounted his experience with Mr. Feurstein and that he had left some of the money at the garage. Jack spread out on the bed in the room the $2,582 he had saved. It was split four ways, each man taking $645.50. Jack then bade the others goodbye and said he was going to the city. Carmen told the police that he later saw Jack who told Another fact learned by both the police and the These three ads him he had lost some of his money and would not other thieves from these confessions was that ran in the Arvada Enterprise, one week have enough to reach the Pacific Coast where he was Jack had held out $2,000 before returning to the before the robbery headed. He borrowed $200 from Carmen, promis- Stout Street boarding house to split the money. and up to three ing to pay him back when they would later meet in The police learned that Carpenter left the car at weeks after the San Francisco, according to their plans. Carmen had the transfer point and walked around because he robbery. This was to planned to watch developments for several days and was scared to stay. ensure the citizens of Arvada that their then follow Jack’s plan to move to the West Coast. In the weeks leading up to the trial, police re- money was safe with After the robbery, police and detectives, using ev- ceived a call from an Arkansas police department the bank. ery resource they had, were already searching for the advising it had a man under surveillance. The thieves. man, whose name was Jack Bondes, was alleged Masters, 22, who had just left Fort Logan as a soldier to have been spending money lavishly in the with Carmen, was arrested Sept. 29, 1923, in Pueblo Arkansas town. At the time, his arrest was con- as a suspicious character. After being severely grilled sidered extremely likely. Unfortunately, it seems by detectives and unable to give an account of his ac- nothing more was learned about Jack. It appears tions or where he obtained the money found in his he may have escaped the long arm of the law. It is pockets, he broke down and confessed his part in the possible that he traveled further east after he dis- robbery. Carmen, 24, was arrested Sept.30, 1923, in a appeared from town. At the Nov. 13, 1923, trial, private home in Littleton. Judge Johnson sentenced Masters and Carmen to serve 10 to 11 years and Carpenter 7 to 10 years Carpenter, 32, was captured at daylight on Oct. 5, in the State Penitentiary. His last words to the trio 1923, some 10 miles away in a deserted mining cabin at the end of the trial were “Do not entertain any northwest of Central City. His capture resulted from a ideas about breaking out of the penitentiary.” tip by Gilpin County Sheriff Williams. On the night of Oct.4, 1923, cars containing Denver detectives, Sources: These accounts were taken from many newspaper accounts and Jefferson County officers, and Gilpin County officers Detectives Harry B. several judicial documents. Unfortunately, due to the Colorado Lane, C. A. Jones, State Archives changing the numbering systems of judicial cases drove to the Anna Mine where Carpenter had former- and W. H. Bennett from the Jefferson County District Court, the original case files ly worked. They discovered him asleep in the cabin. could not be located at this time. If anyone has information that were instrumental Carpenter surrendered when he saw the superior force will lead to location of the files or more about the people involved in capturing the of the officers. in the case, I would appreciate you contacting me at my e-mail: fugitives. [email protected]. From their combined confessions, the police learned that four men robbed the Arvada bank, not just the three in custody. The fourth man was only known as “Jack” to Carmen, Carpenter, and Masters. It was also learned that the robbery had not been planned long before it happened. It happened rather soon after an article appeared in the Arvada Enterprise stating how much money was on hand as well as how many bonds were located in the bank’s vault. Because of this rob- bery, the Arvada Enterprise published an article stating that a police officer was needed in Arvada to prevent events like this.

Historically Jeffco 2012 15 Golden Cemetery National Register of Historic Places By Richard Gardner olden Cemetery rison, Alexander and Emeline Rooney, Gov. was listed on the John Charles Vivian, and George West. It is also GNational Regis- important for its landscape, hard-won from the ter of Historic Places on wilderness by generations of Goldenites and April 18, 2012. It is Jef- including improvement projects by the Civil fco’s fourth funerary site Works Administration (1933) and Works Prog- designated on the Nation- ress Administration (1937). The CWA project al Register. Jeffco’s first built its stone Shelter House, now used as the complete burial ground, cemetery office; WPA trees still shade these buri- with more than 8,000 al grounds. gravesites, was established Many of Golden Cemetery’s markers and monu- by the Town of Golden on ments reflect strong fraternal, spiritual, patriotic, Oct. 6, 1873, as a munici- and civic beliefs and connections that help illu- pal cemetery. Companion minate the importance of these to Goldenites divisions are owned by through time. Their materials span every type Golden’s Masons and Odd known in area funerary art, including wood, Fellows. Jefferson County marble, stacked marble, granite, flagstone, government established bronze, cement, metal, terra cotta, and more, in Gravesite of Edward in 1876 the County Section, or Potter’s Field,* carved, sculpted, rough hewn, and combinations and Helen Berthoud. which has been used ever since as a final resting Gardner Family Collection of forms. These monuments include many sig- place for Jeffco’s indigent poor and unknowns. nificant pieces, including unique artistic mark- Through the years, Golden Cemetery has creat- ers: Woodmen treestones, marble tombstones ed more sections, including the Veterans Section transplanted from Cemetery Hill that are among (originally Grand Army of the Republic, 1910); Colorado’s oldest, homemade headstones, Sears Babies Section (1986); and Cremation Garden mail order stones, wooden tombstones, the (1993). Its streets were named by Boy Scouts Bengson family terra cotta monuments, John Shelter House, with the help of cemetery personnel in 1988. built in 1933 as Walker’s boulder from Clear Creek, James Sim- a Civil Works Golden Cemetery is the final resting place of mons Senior’s basalt tombstone from North Ta- Administration project, and now the many prominent people, including Jefferson ble Mountain, and more. cemetery office. County Hall of Fame members Edward Louis * A potter’s field or common grave is an American term for a place for the burial of unknown or indigent people. The expression derives Gardner Family Collection Berthoud, Charles Holder Easley, George Mor- from the Bible, referring to a field used for the extraction of potter’s clay, which was useless for agriculture but could be used as a burial site.

16 Historically Jeffco 2012 Ralston Cemetery State Register of Historic Places By Matthew Prythero he historic Ralston Cemetery was During the next 80 years, originally organized around 1857 many events took place at Twith the deaths of twelve stagecoach the cemetery. Unfortunately, route builders. They had been working one many of these events involved morning when a group of Native Americans vandalism. As a result of all the rode up on their horses and attacked part of vandalism that has taken place the group before the rest could start firing at the cemetery, more than 70 their rifles. The site of the deaths was about headstones were stolen, bro- where the 1858 stagecoach stop building ken, or destroyed. However, was later built on Ralston Creek and Indiana in 1994, a group of descen- Street. Looking around, the survivors found dants led the way to having a very special place which stood out from all the cemetery purchased by the the rest of the land—a little knoll on which City of Arvada, and the City to bury their dead friends. agreed to preserve and protect The next known burial at the cemetery was the cemetery for future gen- recorded in 1862. This burial was for the erations. child of a local Ralston’s Crossing family by Note: In 2008, the author became the name of Sawin. Over the course of its involved in documenting the cem- Oldest remaining active existence, until the last known burial etery and the headstones on the grounds. In 2010, a partial survey using ground-penetrating radar was completed by Dr. headstone bears in 1926, there were over 90 burials, mainly Larry Conyers of the University of Denver, revealing that ap- the names of the of children dying from sicknesses, but some Osborn triplets, proximately 80 remains are present that do not have grave children of Stephen being entire families. The last known burial markers for the burials. Matthew wrote out the nomination and Mary Jane was of Ray F. Shank who died while in prison to place the cemetery on the Colorado State Register of Historic Osborn. Their tragic down in Cañon City and was buried next to Properties. The cemetery was awarded a place on the Register on deaths gave the his parents in the cemetery. June 30, 2011. This was a second successful nomination for the cemetery the name cemetery after being placed on the Colorado’s Most Endangered “Osborn Hill”. Some of the burials in the cemetery, however, Places list by Colorado Preservation Inc. The most recent project Courtesy of Matthew Prythero, Ralston did not remain within the grounds. In about for the cemetery is the restoration of the headstones in coopera- Cemetery Historic 1910, Charles McFadden, a mayor of Arvada, tion with Colorado Cemetery Conservation, which is owned Association removed the remains of his little brother, El- by Ingrid McDonald, who is restoring the headstones free of mer, to the Arvada Cemetery. In 1924, there charge, for which the Ralston Cemetery Historic Association was a transfer of 13 burials, all first moved to will be forever grateful. Mt. Olivet Cemetery and later transferred to View looking south easterly at the two obelisks bearing the names of Emma and the Arvada and Crown Hill Cemeteries. James White, children of Torrence White. Courtesy of Matthew Prythero, Ralston Cemetery Historic Association

Historically Jeffco 2012 17 Norman and Ethel Meyer Award for Historic Preservation in Jefferson County By Deborah Andrews Every year, individuals and organizations across and other accomplishments, the 2010 inaugural the county are active in preserving some aspect award was presented to the Meyer family itself. the county’s built history. At the 2010 Hall of 2011 and 2012 marked the second and third Fame ceremony, JCHC initiated an award cel- years, respectively, of the presentation of the ebrating these types of efforts: the Norman and Norman and Ethel Meyer Award for Historic Ethel Meyer Award for Historic Preservation in Preservation in Jefferson County at the annual Jefferson County. Hall of Fame Awards Ceremony each fall. The In 1950, Norman Meyer, Sr., and his wife Ethel Jefferson County Historical Commission is purchased the historic ranch that now bears their proud to continue this new tradition of recog- name, and, with their four children, embarked nizing special contributions to preservation of on a life-long adventure in preserving the ranch our valuable historic resources in the county and giving back to the Conifer area community and Jefferson County. Their efforts of leadership Golden Landmarks Association over the years in creating a culture of preserva- In October of 2011, the award was presented to tion are inspirational and worthy of recognition. the Golden Landmarks Association at the gala In addition to preserving the historic Meyer celebration of Jefferson County’s 150th birthday. Ranch and working with Jefferson County This seemed doubly fitting because the City of Open Space to acquire additional property, they Golden shares its early history with the origins have maintained a mountain ranch lifestyle, of Jefferson County. Golden Landmarks As- from canning and pickling Ethel’s homegrown sociation (GLA) was recognized for its ongo- produce to selling hay from the front of the yard. ing efforts and successes in preserving the city’s JCHC’s Rose Lewis Beyond Norm’s long tenure on the Jefferson built environment, beginning with successful (left) and Deborah County Historical Commission and preserva- 11th hour efforts in 1971 to save the 1867 Astor Andrews (right) watch as Donna tion work on historic toll roads in the Conifer House from demolition. Today, the organization Miller accepts the area, he wrote a book on schoolhouses in Jeffer- is one of the oldest non-profit historic preserva- Meyer Award on son County and was one of the first on board tion organizations in Colorado, with a key mis- behalf of Golden with JCHC’s program of county landmarks, des- sion to encourage conservation and preservation Landmarks Association, ignating the Lubin-Blakeslee House in 2004 and of historically significant features in and around November 2011. the ranch’s large barn in 2009. In light of these Golden. Over a 40-year time span, and building on the success of the Astor House, GLA has played a key role in saving numerous other important landmarks, from the Guy Hill School and Pearce Ranch Cabins (now part of Clear Creek History Park), to a successful effort to save the Brickyard House, as well as Burgess House hotel, located in Golden’s Goosetown district. Five historic buildings and three historic districts have been given local, state, or national historic designa- tions through the efforts of Golden Landmarks Association. GLA efforts have also led to the establishment of the Astor House Museum and the Clear Creek History Park, now under the umbrella of Golden History Museums. 18 Historically Jeffco 2012 Pine-Elk Creek Improvement • Dedication to the establishment of the 1974 Association North Fork National Register Historic District, For 2012, Jefferson County Historical Com- and commitment to the 2003-2005 Cultural mission is pleased to announce the presenta- Resource Survey of the North Fork Historic Dis- tion of the Norman and Ethel Meyer Award trict (NFHD); to the Pine Elk Creek Improvement Associa- • Annual hosting, with other community part- tion (PECIA), and a companion organiza- ners, of the Elk Creek Elementary School 4th tion, the Friends of the North Fork Historic grade tour of the NFHD and offering walking District, for outstanding efforts and achieve- tours of historic Pine Grove; ments in preserving Jefferson County’s his- • Partnering with JCHC, Buffalo Creek, the Na- toric and cultural resources. tional Park Service, and other community stake- Incorporated in 1947, PECIA is a grassroots holders on the Foxton-Pine Grove plan; community organization whose mission is • Collecting oral histories from old timers in the “to accomplish goals that are not within the NFHD, in partnership with other groups; capability of individuals alone to improve, maintain and preserve a good quality of life, • Annual production of the famous Pine Grove the natural beauty and rich history of the Rhubarb Festival, a fundraising vehicle that sup- community, and surrounding areas of lower ports numerous community needs; and Elk Creek and Pine Grove, Colorado.” PE- • Successfully spearheading the formal return of CIA’s impact on this area of Jefferson County true historic name of “Pine Grove,” in spite of extends far beyond this modest statement. numerous bureaucratic obstacles. Growing from their 60-plus year ownership PECIA also helped launch the Friends of the and caretaking of the Pine Grove Commu- NFHD, a fledgling community organization that nity Center (originally Pine Grove Methodist has already conducted tours to raise sufficient funds Church, one of the oldest remaining church to place new National Register Historic District buildings in Jefferson County), PECIA has signs at each of the four primary road entry points demonstrated their dedication to preserv- Ethel and Norman to this uniquely linear, rural historic district, pro- Meyer at the historic ing and highlighting the rich history of the moting better awareness of this valuable resource. Meyer Ranch, North Fork Historic District and its commu- Together, these two organizations demonstrate that once known as nities time and again. An overview of note- the Midway House great things can happen even in the face of limited (Conifer) worthy PECIA accomplishments includes: resources and thus deserve the Meyer Award for Courtesy of Sharon Meyer • Ongoing stewardship of the Pine Grove their impressive accomplishments. Rouse Community Center, including much needed structural stabilization, restora- tion and building improvements, funded in part by a State Historical Fund grant and driven primarily by volunteer com- mitment; • Receipt of a 2012 Stephen Hart Award from the Colorado Historical Society in recognition of the Community Center project; • Designation of six Jefferson County Land- marks in the community of Pine Grove, as well as placing Charles Dake, founder of Pine Grove, in the Jefferson County Hall of Fame;

Historically Jeffco 2012 19 Jefferson County Hall of Fame John C. Bandimere, Jr. Viona ‘Vi’ Mae Hader Business Man, Community Leader Community Leader, Activist, Historian

ohn Charles Ban- i Hader was Jdimere, Jr., was Vborn in Hold- born in 1938 in redge, Nebraska, Denver, Colorado, in 1918. Her fam- to John and Frances ily moved to Gold- Bandimere. In 1940 en, Colorado, in his family moved to 1941. Soon after, Jefferson County. she joined the Red John attended Co- Cross and during lumbia Heights El- World War II she ementary School and served as a com- Wheat Ridge Junior mand program ad- and Senior High visor for the U S Schools. Throughout Air Force. She also his school days he was involved in school-sponsored clubs spent time in England, Japan, and the Philippines. When and played baseball, basketball, and football. He began do- she returned to Golden, she began what would become ing part-time work within his family’s automotive business, more than 60 years of community service. Her efforts which unknowingly prepared him for a life focused around were instrumental in forming the Foothills Art Center. the automobile. In 1961 he married Lorraine Webber, and Because of her love of animals she formed the humane they had three children: Tami, Johnna, and John III. John society, which later became the Foothills Animal Shelter. was a member of the Air National Guard and in 1962 was She was the first full-time employee of the Golden Cham- activated during the Cuban Crisis. He coached little league ber of Commerce and later served as the curator for the football, basketball, and softball, and was involved with his Astor House. church, teaching Sunday School and serving as a Deacon, Vi was appointed to the Jefferson County Historical choir member, and finance board chairman. Commission in 1985 and was an active supporter of the In 1970 John became President and General Manager of the Commission’s involvement with the Festival of the West Bandimere Speedway and led it to its National Hot Rod As- from 1975 thru 2001. Vi was also a member of the Amer- sociation membership in 1978. Under John’s leadership the ican Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and a member of facility is now host to the largest annual motorsports events Eastern Star for more than 70 years. She was a founding in Colorado. The speedway’s high school drag-racing pro- member of the Golden Landmarks Association and an ac- gram has grown to be a nationally recognized program, pro- tive member of the First United Methodist Church. viding a safe facility and supervised environment for adults Vi was considered one of Golden’s Living Landmarks for and kids to take out their “need for speed.” John’s commu- her work. She passed away on March 21, 2012, and was nity involvement is extensive: he has served on the Guaranty elected to the Jefferson County Historical Commission Bank West Advisory Board, the West Chamber, the National Hall of Fame in October, 2012. Hot Rod Association, the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Colorado Motorsports Hall of Fame Board, Colorado Chris- tian University Foundation Board, Red Rocks Community College Foundation, and Rooney Valley Association. John Bandimere, Jr. was elected to the Jefferson County His- torical Commission Hall of Fame in October 2012.

20 Historically Jeffco 2012 The Humphrey Memorial Park and Museum Writers’ Award Winner, First Place, Adult Short Essay By Lois Lange upid’s arrow reached its target in 1898, The family wanted to move from Denver to when it struck 17-year old Hazel Harry the mountains. They finally found their home CHammer, who was attending the Fed- in Bergen Park, Evergreen in Jefferson County. erated Women’s Clubs of America convention A large ranch—with a house, prove-up cabin, at Iron Springs Hotel, Manitou Springs. Her and more than 300 acres of land—became their mother, Mary Amaryllis Hammer, a Chicago permanent home. They named it Kinnikinnick socialite, was president of the Chicago chapter. Ranch. Lee was the first ‘year round’ commuter Also attending the convention was a Denver from Evergreen to Denver, where for many years newspaperman, Carl Paddock, a telegraph edi- he was head of the copy desk for the Rocky Moun- tor for The Denver Times. The young couple en- tain News and later, The Denver Post. Lee named joyed seeing the sights and enjoyed the dances. his Model-T Mary Ann. When Hazel Harry was In Mama’s view, this was too much. She imme- pregnant with her second son, the family called diately returned to Chicago with Hazel Harry the child she carried “Mary Ann.” When she de- and booked passage for them both to England, livered a boy, her brother-in-law sent her a letter where she enrolled Hazel in the Elderly Edge saying, “We are all so used to calling your baby Lee, his father & Seminary. Unbeknownst to Mama, Hazel and Mary Ann. Why not name your boy Marion?” Mary Ann 1922 Carl exchanged letters. On Oct. 29, 1901, the The family did so. It can’t be documented, but it All photos courtesy of the Humphrey Museum couple finally married in Chicago. They imme- is assumed that Hazel and Lee named the car for Collection, except where diately entrained to Denver with parrot and cat. this lost child. noted. The horse followed later. Colorado, its mountains, its climate, and its people drew Hazel like a mag- net. She and Carl honeymooned in the mountains near Nederland, lived in Boulder, and then lived in Denver. They had two children: Ward, who died in a wagon accident at age 18; and Marion, who died in a fall at 11 months. Carl died of pneumonia from complications due to his asthma in 1914 in Virginia, where the family was visiting Carl’s brother. Hazel was stranded there with Ward, then 12. She eventually made her way back to Denver, staying with friends and relatives along the way. Cupid struck again Jan. 1, 1916, when Hazel married another news- paperman, who was a family friend. Lucius Edwin Humphrey, a widow- er, was known as Lee to family and friends or “Hump” to those at the pa- per. On Jan.17, 1917, the couple had their only child, Hazel Lucia, known as Hazel Lou.

Historically Jeffco 2012 21 The two Hazels, as they were familiarly called throughout the community, were active in the Republican Party and also helped form the Ev- ergreen Players. Hazel Lou even acted in one of the plays. They belonged to many local organiza- tions, including the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). They traced their roots to the 1630s and were eligible for DAR member- ship 13 different ways. Hazel Harry died at the ranch in her sleep in 1972 at the age of 90. After her mother’s death, Hazel Lou completed the plans she and her mom had drawn up to have their ranch turned into a museum. The ranch was placed on the National Register of Historic Places at the same time as Hiwan Homestead, on Dec.31, 1974. Hazel’s will set forth the plan to form a board to create the Humphrey Memo- rial Park and Museum, Inc. The official ribbon cutting and first tour took place Aug. 8, 1998. Hazel Lou also stipulated that the house should remain the way they lived in it. That wish has been honored. Hazel and Hazel Lou It took Lee more than two hours to travel the Hazel Lou continued to live alone at the ranch. Humphrey, 1928 Lariat Loop through Golden to Denver, stop- In 1973, she joined other active citizens of Ever- ping at the Ralston Ranch to add water to his green to found the Jefferson County Historical radiator. He sometimes drove Mrs. Ralston to Society, to serve on its board of directors, and to Denver, so he could claim to have provided the work as a volunteer at the Society’s sister institu- first taxi service in Evergreen. He named his sec- tion, the Hiwan Homestead Museum. In 1974, ond car, a Model-A, “Aimee” for the popular she became a charter member of the Jefferson temperance preacher, Aimee Semple McPherson County Historical Commission. In 1984, she because, unlike the Model T, it never had to stop was elected to the Jefferson County Hall of Fame. for a drink on its way home from Denver. Lee She served as President of the Evergreen chapter Humphrey died in 1946 of cancer. Continued on page 24

Humphrey Family Tree Hazel Harry Hammer B 7-4-1881 Key: D 4-14-1972 B- Birth Mary Amaryllis Bower Mother Mary Amaryllis Bower D- Death B 5-12-1848 Fay Mercedes Hammer M -Married D 4-26-1934 B 1-31-1884 Mary Amaryllis Bower 1909 Maud Carpenter D 1-16-1888 Children M 1865 B 7-10-1867 M 6-6-1874 D 1949 Russell Witner Hammer Captain Russell Carpenter David Harry Hammer B 11-22-1885 B 1845 B 12-23-1840 Father D 3-5-1889 D 1869 D 3-30-1904 David Harry Hammer II B 4-22-1892 D 10-13-1987 David Harry Hammer 1900

22 Historically Jeffco 2012 Maud and Hazel 1882 Step Back in Time at the Humphrey Museum By Margaret T. Chapman So, you want to experience the “old You also have the option of visiting The Humphrey Museum also offers timey” life style? For a broad rang- the grounds and museum. The Hum- event venues for weddings, recep- ing sample, the Humphrey Memorial phrey house museum is filled with tions, parties, banquets and reunions. Park and Museum in Evergreen serves antiques, collectibles, art, textiles, and Call 303-674-5429 for more infor- as a trip back in time. artifacts from the family’s many trans- mation. Located at 620 Soda Creek Road, Ev- atlantic cruises and ergreen, the park and museum is nes- world travels. The tled on 35 pristine acres of mountain family was unique and meadows. During the last half of in documenting August 2012, more than 24 events its own history for were offered, under the guidance of more than a century new director Angela Rayne. through scrapbooks, letters, photos, and You could roll up your sleeves to learn heirloom collections to make apple and pumpkin butters, dating to the 1860s. cream cheese chocolate fudge, or fresh pasta. If you don’t want to spend the Today the rooms of day in the kitchen, you could take the house are very classes on harvesting your garden, much as they were make primitive luminaries, or make when the family sand candles. lived in them. Pho- tos from the early If you think all of this sounds like too Twentieth Century Humphrey Memorial Park and Museum Inc. much work, you could just relax and show the furniture, Dennis Dempsey listen to the Derry O’Leary Trio for wall hangings and items placed just as Editor’s Note: Many thanks are extended a night of timeless music. The popu- you see them on your tour. to the Humphrey Memorial Park & Mu- lar “Summer Under the Stars” series seum web site for this information. offers plays, concerts, dance recitals, The park is open 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. poetry readings, a writer’s festival, and Tuesday through Saturday. Guided The Humphrey Memorial Park more. Check out the web site www. tours of the Humphrey Home are and Museum was designated as hmpm.org for the current schedule. Tuesday through Saturday at 10:30 and 11:30 a.m. and 1 and 3 p.m. a Jefferson County Landmark in October 2012.

Hazel Harry Hammer Hazel Harry Hammer Ward Edgerton Paddock B 10-30-1902 Hazel Lucia Humphrey M 10-29-1901 D 7-14-1920 M 1-1-1916 B 1-17-1917 Marion Ernest Paddock Ward Paddock D 1-17-1995 Carl Hiram Paddock B 4-1-1906 Lucius Edwin Humphrey B 5-24-1869 D 2-17-1907 B 1-1-1883 D 10-30-1914 D 6-24-1946

Marion Paddock Historically Jeffco 2012 23 Continued from page 22 of the Federated Women’s Club of America. She stayed active in the Republican Women’s Club and was a delegate to a national convention. She was president of the Social Ethics Club in Idaho Springs. During World War II, she served on the Selective Service Board. Hazel Lou died in her sleep on her 75th birthday, Jan. 17, 1995. Her closest friend, Ethel Snow- barger, waited in vain all day for Hazel to attend her birthday party at Ethel’s home. Grand opening ribbon cutting 1998 Today, the Museum’s mission is to tell the story of the life and times of the Humphrey family living history experiences that engage, entertain, and their home, the Kinnikinnik Ranch. The and educate visitors on the history and challeng- Humphrey Memorial Park and Museum’s goal is es mountain founders face. Visitors interact with to preserve and interpret the mountain heritage daily activities in the original Humphrey home, of Colorado to a diverse public. Its vision is to garage, cattery, play house, teacherage, recon- The Humphrey structed visitors’ cottage, barn, animal pens and Family 1934 present, through the Humphrey family story, the restored flower and vegetable gardens. The museum’s director, Angela Rayne, has fo- cused on the living history of the Kinnikinnick Ranch during the 1930s and 1940s, the period of significance identified for the property under the National Register of Historic Places. The liv- ing history programming follows “A Manual of Home Making”—Monday Wash Day, Tuesday Ironing Day, Wednesday Mending Day, Thurs- day Market Day, Friday Cleaning Day, Saturday Baking Day, and Sunday Church Day. Educa- tional programming encompasses classes that teach the life ways of the 1930s through the 1940s. The Park is open 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday, 620 Soda Creek Road, Ever- green, CO 80439. Visitors may tour the Museum grounds at their own pace through a self-guided tour during Park hours. Guided tours of the Humphrey Home are at 10:30 a.m., 11:30 a.m., 1 p.m., and 3 p.m. For more information, please see the Museum’s web site, www.hmpm.org, or call 303-674-5429.

24 Historically Jeffco 2012 Wildfire History in Jefferson County

ildfires have been an ever present but this distinction is a moving target. Certainly danger to the citizens in the dry 2012 will rival it. In 1980, a fire called “Emerald Wclimate of Colorado and Jefferson Lake” in the White River National Forest burned County. Over time they have flared in all parts 9,000 acres and was called the “worst fire ever” of the county, caused by lightning strikes, aban- (Rocky Mountain News, June 28, 1980). Sadly, doned campfires, cigarettes thrown from vehi- that award too has been withdrawn many times cles, explosions, sparks from railroads, and more. over in the last two decades. Some, unfortunately, have been intentionally Fires become personal, with names that stick in set. Historically fires have occurred throughout our collective memory for decades: Buffalo Creek the year, with major fires possible regardless of (1996), Hi Meadow (2000), Hayman (2002). the date on the calendar; realistically every sea- Further afield, we remember Lefthand Canyon son has been fire season in Jeffco. Some years and (1988), Black Tiger (1989), Storm King/South some seasons stand out, however. Even early in Canyon (1994), and Snaking (2002). Older fires the year, 2012 appeared to be one of those for slowly drift away as our memory moves on, but the Front Range and the state as a whole. Jef- it is the job of historians to remember. What fco residents have learned that disasters come often goes unrecorded as responders deal with as triplets: drought leads to fire leads to floods. emergencies is what wildfire can mean to histor- These three “brothers” have been regular visitors ic structures and historic preservation. throughout our history. The year 2002 has been called the “worst fire season ever” in Colorado, We thought this year was a good time to review the history of wildfires in Jefferson County. Re- search continues on this important aspect of county history, but here we provide some back- ground on several significant fires and summa- rize what is compiled to date. Buffalo Creek burn area in June 2011, 15 years after the devastating fire. Sally L. White

“A century of aggressive fire suppression, combined with cycles of drought and changing land management practices, has left many of Colorado’s forests unnaturally dense and ready to burn. At the same time, the state’s record setting growth has driven nearly a million people into the forested foothills of the Front Range and along the West Slope and central mountains – the same landscapes that are at highest risk for large-scale fire. This movement of urban and suburban residents into the wildland-urban interface (WUI) significantly increases the values-at-risk from wildland fire – the most critical of these being human life.” —Colorado Wildfire Mitigation Plan, 2010 Draft Historically Jeffco 2012 25 Wildfire History in Jefferson County Rocky Flats Fire 2006 Jefferson County Fires

1859, June Miners Fires (Upper Golden Gate Canyon) 1869, Nov. 20 Jarvis Hall Fire (South Golden Valley) 1870, May Turkey Creek Fire (Turkey Creek Canyon) 1874, June Floyd Hill Fire (Floyd Hill) 1874, June 13 Beaver Brook Fire (Clear Creek Canyon) North Table Mountain 1898, Oct. Crawford Gulch Fire Fire 1988 (Head of Crawford Gulch & Belcher HIll) 1901, July Evergreen Pine Grove Fire Fountain Indian Gulch (Between Evergreen & Pine Grove) Gulch Fire Fire 2011 1902, June 24 Buffalo Creek 2002 1902, July 31 Foothills Fire (Between Coal & Ralston Creeks) 1905, July 4 Clear Creek Canyon Fire (Clear Creek Canyon) 1907, Jan. 8 Leyden Fire (Leyden) 1908, Jan. 7 Northeast Golden Fire (Northeast Golden Valley) Dinosar Ridge Hogback Fire 12/20/1994 1908, June Deer Park Fire (Deer Park) Red Rocks Fire 2000 1908, June Crossons Fire (Crossons) 1910, July Coal Creek Fire I (Coal Creek Canyon) Dakota Ridge 1910, Oct. Carter Lake Fire (Standley Lake) Fire 2010 1910, Oct. Coal Creek Fire II (Coal Creek Canyon) 1919, June 24 Lookout Mountain Fire (Lookout Mountain) 1919, June 30 Creek Fire (Southern Jefferson County) 1920, Oct. 10 Downes Fire (4 Miles West of Evergreen) Murphy Gulch 1922, June 25 Gates Fire (Bear Creek Canyon) Fire 1978 1924, Aug. 19 (west of Evergreen and Conifer) 1925, May 2 Moonshine Fire (Standley Lake) Black 1930, June Watershed Fire (Beaver Brook) Mountain 1930, July 11 Funicular Fire (Lookout Mountain) Fire 2002 Wadsworth Ridge 1976, Aug. 30 North Table Mountain Fire (North Table Mountain) Fire 2010 1977, May 19 (5 miles north of Deckers) 1978, Oct. Murphy Gulch Fire (west of Ken-Caryl) Pine Valley Lower North 1988, Sept. 7-8 North Table Mountain Fire Fire 2006 Fork Fire 2012 1990, June 12 Buffalo Creek 1994 Roxborough Fire 1996, May 18 Buffalo Creek Fire (Buffalo Creek) Snaking Hi Meadow 2000, June 12-20 Hi Meadow Fire (Park County Border) Fire 2002 Fire 2000 2002, June 8-July 18 Hayman Fire (Southwest Jeffco) Pike National Forest 2002 Blue Mountain Fire (North Jeffco) 2006 Plainview Fire (North Jeffco) 2006 Upper Bear Creek Fire Bualo Creek 2011, March 20 Indian Gulch Fire (Mt. Galbraith) Fire 1996 2012, Mar 26-Apr 2 Lower North Fork Fire (Lower North Fork South Platte)

Oxyoke Fire 2008

Fire map and list are works in progress. Please help us Schoonover Fire 2002 add to this record. Send additions and corrections to [email protected] or add comments online at HistoricJeffco.org. Sources: This map was compiled from Jefferson County GIS data, and various internet resources. It is considered preliminary and subject to correction. Circles indicate an approximate location and not a specific perimeter.

Hayman Fire 2002

26 Historically Jeffco 2012 Wildfire History in Jefferson County Jeffco’s First Major Wildfire By Richard Gardner n March 26, 2012, the Lower North “On Wednesday, June 15, Mr. John N. Sapp, a Fork fire claimed three lives in Jefferson miner, while prospecting, came upon the bod- OCounty, those of Sam and Linda Lucas ies of three men having the appearance of min- and Ann Appel, making it the first lethal wild- ers on a prospecting tour, burned to death, their The front page of fire in Jeffco in 152 years. It sadly brings back features so destroyed by fire, that even their own the Rocky Mountain to attention the only previous lethal fire, which relatives could not have recognized them. Mr. News carried the burned into the upper Golden Gate Canyon area Sapp, without removing the bodies or making headline of Jefferson in 1859. That wildfire also claimed three lives, any examination, returned to the mines, some County’s first major wildfire, which was three men who were miners, who didn’t start eight miles, and reported the news of the sad dis- also its first lethal the blaze but were quickly overtaken by it. In a covery. The miners at once appointed a Commit- one. grim irony, this fire likely also started from a “prescribed” burn that got out of control, of another kind: Some early miners, all recent arrivals from the east not knowing the dan- gers of this dry climate, de- liberately set fires to burn off underbrush while they were looking for gold. A prospector along the original road to the gold tee or Jury to proceed to the place, accompanied fields encountered the miners’ remains eight by Mr. S., to examine the bodies and report the miles east of “the mines,” that is, the Black cause of their death. The Jury consisted of twelve Hawk-Central City area. This places the deaths men: Mr. R. Sopris, Dr. Joseph Casto, J.H. in a ravine along Guy Gulch in the area west Turner, William C. Squires, Edward Thompson, of Booten Gulch and today’s Centennial House, Charles A. Walker, Thomas Robison, Thomas within Jefferson County. Burned beyond recog- McDermit, James Addington, Argent Cansdell, nition and without the aid of modern technol- Nelson Welker, and Marvin Welker. They were ogy to identify them, they were given a proper accompanied by the following who assisted in burial at the place where they perished. Here is burying the bodies, etc.: P.S. Mathews, Nathan View of the Indian Gulch fire from the Rocky Mountain News report provided by Welker, Norman Welker, T.J. Reel, B.F. Whita- residences in Golden Capt. Richard Sopris, foreman of the investigat- ker, James Bamneil, Wm. Atkin, Harmon Leply, area. ing committee: and S.K. Forsythe. Chuck Haraway

In 1999, the Colorado State Forest Service conducted a wildfire risk assessment. Jefferson County was considered the most vulnerable in the state, by far, with 56.8% of its area at risk from wildfire.

Historically Jeffco 2012 27 Wildfire History in Jefferson County “Upon a careful examination of the bodies, no box; and various other articles such as miners marks of personal violence being found, the de- outfit would consist of. On the trail, between the cision of the Committee and all present was that first two bodies, was found $15.00 in gold coin they came to their death by being caught in a and $1.93 in silver coin. The articles found were mountain fire of the most destructive charac- brought in by the Committee, and deposited ter. The bodies were found laying on their faces with Capt. R. Sopris, in Mountain City, to be with their heads up the mountain and but a few exhibited to all who may wish to examine them, rods from each other on an old trail. At a short which, it is hoped, may lead to their identity.” distance from them was found a pony and also In 1864 the Colorado Territorial government a dog, supposed to be a pointer or greyhound, outlawed miners’ fires of this kind, in the process burned to death. In the vicinity of the dead bod- expressing their wish that future offenders would ies were found the following articles: Colt’s eight be hung. Unfortunately, these three men remain inch revolver No. 5553; the clasp of a belt with unknown to this day. Reports varied to as many letters U.S. raised; one dark knife; two tin gold as 100 people dead, but Dr. Casto confirmed pans, double runs; the barrel of a double barrel to the News in November that there were only shot gun, fine London double twist and silver these three. In the future, new evidence might mounted; one rifle barrel, brass mounted, of be found to finally identity them, as even this large size; and one long handle shovel, No. 2, report itself is a new piece of evidence that has Slurry bomber Ames; one pick of Simmonds’ manufacture; one dropping retardant very recently been rediscovered. hatchet; remnants of blankets both white and on the Snaking Fire, Sources: April 26, 2002. blue; one tin camp kettle; one sheet iron dip- John Gregory Country by Charles and Mary Ramstetter, and the Mike Quaintance. per; one Spanish pack-saddle; one U.S. cartridge Rocky Mountain News issues of 6/25/1859 and 11/10/1859.

“Warm winters, hot, dry summers, severe drought, insect and disease infestations, years of fire suppression, and growth in the wildland-urban interface continue to increase wildfire risk and the potential for catastrophic wildland fires in Colorado.” —Colorado Wildfire Mitigation Plan, 2010 Draft

28 Historically Jeffco 2012 Wildfire History in Jefferson County Historic Consequences of Early Fires by Richard Gardner here are accounts of other “To Our Farmers Note: Berthoud foretold the major wildfires in Clear There is no disguising the fact the wholesale destruc- concerns we have today in re- Creek Canyon in the 1870s, tion of the former vast pine forests that clad the slopes cent burn areas, and we did T of the mountains on Bear, Clear, Ralston and Boulder as well as major wildfires in Clear lose 2 more at Buffalo Creek creeks, and the continuance of the wholesale destruc- Creek and Bear Creek Canyons in the tion by saw-mills and by fires, and the utter and com- in 1996 (a century later) due early 1890s. Edward Berthoud con- plete want of protection to the forests of our mountain to this ourselves. The storm of cluded that the resulting vegetation reserves, is the immediate cause of the destructive 1896 was immense so I can’t loss contributed to the magnitude floods which all these streams entail upon every one give the burn areas sole credit of the Great Flood of 1896 through living near them, from the too abrupt and sudden for the flood as Berthoud does, both areas, and his conclusion proba- drainage of large rain-storms on the denuded slopes but definitely agree the wild- and valleys of our mountain ranges. Accompanying bly would mean the same for Golden’s this sudden effusion of water, where no forest area re- fires increased its magnitude. It flood of 1894 as well. Combined with mains to absorb and slowly give them out is the denu- was a 1,000-year event by mea- the Buffalo Creek flood of 1996 there dation and loss of rich soil, which yearly strips our best surement, which must have have been 23 deaths by floods that ex- mountain farms of millions of tons of rich earth, and made it even more apocalyptic perts have concluded were contribut- leaves in the valleys, bare rocks or else vast amounts in sheer scope. I consider the of gravel and broken stone bars. It is a fact that no ed to by wildfires, around two-thirds fit soil is left to nourish a new forest of coniferous or wildfires as contributing to the of Jeffco’s total of those lost in floods. deciduous trees. To the farmers in the valleys of Clear 1894 Clear Creek flood which This is a letter from Edward L. Ber- and Bear creeks the floods of July 24, 25 and 26 are wreaked havoc on Golden as an object lesson of no uncertain measure, protect the thoud, acting in official capacity with well. Berthoud was fortunately forest of the central range, and you will have irriga- the Colorado Forest Association, mistaken that the slopes could tion water in season. Let this measure go, in less than no longer support forest, as the published in the Transcript on August ten years you will have no water when required.” 12, 1896. forested areas have recovered. Jeffco Incident Management Team In 2000, the Hi Meadow fire threatened historic Baehrden Lodge (Pine Valley Ranch Lodge), designed by J.J.B. Benedict and owned by Jeffer- son County Open Space. That fire burned 58 other structures.

A Category B FEMA disaster The Yellow Barn - 27051 Barkley Rd, Conifer for Jeffco and Park counties, a JCHC landmarked building, 2003 the Hi Meadow fire led to the formal establishment of the Jef- Do you know of any historic sites, fco Incident Management Team especially endangered places, that (IMT), a group initially created should be recognized and preserved? in 1992. This was the first IMT to be certified by the state of Colorado and the first organized The Jefferson County Historical Commission invites you to participate in the county’s Landmark Designation Program by a Colorado county. By 2006, they had been called out to fires dedicated to the preservation of a wide range of historic sites, eleven more times (the original group had also responded to the including private and public structures; cultural and commer- 1996 Buffalo Creek fire). cial sites; historic districts; archaeological sites; and time-hon- ored features of natural history. Source: Jeffco Sheriff’s office. Incident Management Team, at http://jeffco.us/sheriff/sheriff_T62_R104. Information and criteria for Landmark Designation may be found at htm; see Table 1. Retrieved July 23, 2012. Photo courtesy of Jefferson County Sherrif’s Office. HistoricJeffco.org. Also you may contact Dennis Dempsey in Jeffco Planning and Zoning: [email protected], 303-271-8734. Historically Jeffco 2012 29 Wildfire History in Jefferson County Farewell to the Lamb School By Milly Roeder n Monday, March 26, 2012, a fire storm, soon to be Oknown as the Lower North Fork fire, swept through the forest near Reynolds Ranch Park, jumped Long Gulch, and crept up steep rocky terrain toward Critchell and Kuehster Road. The fire was named after the area north of the North Fork of the South Platte River between Foxton and South Platte, where a prescribed burn had been conducted. Believed to have been put out, its purpose— to aid fire prevention by burning to Milly Roeder 2000 reduce fuels—seemed to be fulfilled. land. It was furnished with a stove roof. Two wooden railings kept kids Unexpected strong winds rose from and fixtures that cost the community and visitors from falling off the sides the southwest during the afternoon $9.40; six double desks were bought of the porch. Horizontal wood siding of March 26. A hotspot exploded for $19.40 plus freight. It is not clear was painted red. Ironically, only two into the ferocious fire that spread over exactly what teacher Stella Dudley boys and one girl were taught in the 1,400 acres or 4 square miles and de- was paid to instruct her first 19 stu- rebuilt school by 1924, and by 1942 voured 23 houses and a barn. Not dents: $40.00 a month or $400 for it was closed entirely. The Sampson only that: the fire tore the lives of Ann seven months. In 1919, the Lamb Community Club rented the building Appel and Sam and Linda Lucas from School was destroyed by fire for the in 1955 and purchased it four years our midst. first time. The cause of this fire has later. Besides these tremendous losses, we not been recorded. In August 2000, my husband and also lost the beloved, historic Lamb The community constructed a new I, with friends from the Jefferson School, a traditional schoolhouse one-room frame building three years County Historical Commission, were in an open meadow along Kuehster later. The one-story gabled structure invited by the Sampson Community Road. had a rectangular composite stone Club to their pig roast on the meadow Frederick and Caroline Kuehster had foundation and a steep pitched roof. of the Lamb School. We spent a won- married in Central City in 1872. Three double-hung windows with derful afternoon with delicious food They homesteaded southeast of four-over-four panes on each long side and delightful company. On March Critchell in Jefferson County in the lit the interior. White painted shutters 26, 2012, nothing—not even the few mid 1870s and built their home from protected the school from bad weath- aspen trees that surrounded the school logs. In 1886, nine families, includ- er and uninvited guests, though not and seemed to be dancing for the kids ing the Kuehsters, Huebners, Lambs, from the fire out of the tops of near- and visitors—could resist the fero- Dudleys, Greens, and others who had by trees last March 26. The roof was cious fire. We will forever miss it. settled nearby, became school board covered with grey composite shingles, Sources: members and organized School Dis- and a brick chimney sat on the north- Moynihan, Betty, and Helen E. Waters. Mountain trict 36. They built a log structure in ern end of the ridge. Before entering Memories, From Coffee Pot to Medlen Town, Limited Publications, Lakewood, Colorado: 1981 the large meadow on today’s Kuehster through the door on the south side, Bentley, Margaret. The Upper Side of the Pie Crust, Road or “Green Ridge.” one passed a porch built of a concrete An Early History of Southwestern Jefferson County, platform supported by rough stones. Conifer—Pine—Buffalo Creek, Colorado. Jefferson The Lamb School opened in 1887, County Historical Society, Evergreen, CO: 1978, 1990. named after David Lamb, a home- Two rectangular posts (4x4) support- Granzella, Phebe. A Century of Jefferson County steader who presumably donated the ed an awning covered with the same Mountain Area Schools. Jefferson County Historical light grey composite shingles as the Commission, Golden, CO. June 1993 30 Historically Jeffco 2012 Wildfire History in Jefferson County Territorial Capitol Anniversary By Richard Gardner 012 marks the 150th anniversary of Gold- en officially becoming the Territorial Cap- 2itol of Colorado. The year 1862 marked the latest chapter in an epic battle among the top communities in Colorado for the honor, beginning in 1859 when Denver became the first capitol of the provisional Jefferson Terri- tory. Golden City became its second capitol on November 22, 1860, when legislators voted to move to a more central locality, drawing scorn from the Rocky Mountain News for being “taken in” by Goldenites. Golden’s Western Mountaineer responded by saying “they have been ‘taken out’ of temptation and bad company.” When the federally recognized Colorado Terri- William Austin tory was organized in 1861 the issue was revis- Hamilton Loveland, ited, and through 14 ballots the House fought early Golden with the many communities receiving votes in- merchant and civic leader, successfully cluding Altona, Apex, Boulder, Caleria, Cañon championed City, Central City, Cherokee City, Colorado bringing the capitol City, Conejos, Costilla, Denver, Empire City, liam A.H. Loveland led the fight, with Golden to Golden. From History of Clear Creek Fall River, Fort Garland, Gold Dirt, Gold Hill, City prevailing over Denver, Central City, Ca- and Boulder Valleys, Golden City, Golden Gate City, Grass Valley ñon City, and Fairplay. On August 15, 1862, 1880. Bar, Hamilton, Idaho, Jonesboro, Mill City, Governor John Evans signed House Bill 98 into Mt. Vernon, Oro City, Paine’s Bar, Pueblo, St. law, and Golden City became the new capitol. Vrain, Sajancho Valley, Spanish Bar, Tarryall, Trail Creek, Utilla, and Yaap. Ultimately in the legislature, Colorado City prevailed by one vote, To celebrate, Golden City welcomed the leg- drawing scathing fire from the News, which ac- islators by holding the Capitol Ball on August cused six of the Territorial Councilors (Senators) 18, 1862, which proved a smashing success. of being “persuaded to yield to the influences of Drawing dignitaries from around the region, an itching palm” and “That this consummation it featured dancing until 1 a.m., followed by a is a fair expression of the people of this Territory, sumptuous feast, brief speeches, merriment, no one can possibly claim. It has been the result and laughter. For a finale at 4 a.m., all sang in of corruption of the most unblushing character.” full chorus “John Brown’s Song,” a new favorite among the troops. Its refrain, “Glory, glory, hal- Colorado City did function as Colorado’s first lelujah!” would soon transform into the Battle Territorial Capitol, and the legislators met in a Hymn of the Republic. The next day in a glowing log building that still stands today in old Colo- review, the News wrote “we ‘embrace this op- rado City of western Colorado Springs, but soon portunity’ to ex-press the following sentiment in they were reconsidering their decision. This time behalf of the Denver delegation: ‘The citizens of Golden City and Denver found themselves on Golden City; may their hopes of future great- the same side, they and others determined to ness be realized, and may we often meet them on make sure the capitol was moved to where the such festive occasions as the one last night.’ “ bulk of settlement in Colorado was, if not their Sources: own city then another. The House voted to make Rocky Mountain News, Western Mountaineer, and the historical files Golden City the capitol, and in the Council Wil- of Richard Gardner Historically Jeffco 2012 31 Baugh House, Wheat Ridge. Restored 2011. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places 2012. Golden Peaks Dairy, Golden. Slated for demolition.

Historic Places in Transition

Historic places are not static. Sometimes, we hope often, they are saved and restored; other times they decay quietly. They can also disappear from our landscapes at a moment’s notice– or no notice at all. A change of ownership can leave even well publicized historic sites vulnerable.

Welch Ditch. Part of multi-jurisdictional project All photos by Jefferson County for developing the Clear Creek Trail system. Historical Commission. Wild Rose Grange (Hodgson School), North Turkey Creek. New owner; possible restoration?

Morrison Community Church, original home of Pillar of Fire. Fruitdale School, Wheat Ridge. Saved from demolition in 2011. For sale summer 2012. Nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. Alex and Evelyn Rooney House, Morrison. Transferred to Jeffco Open Space 2010. Future uncertain. Phillipsburg, Deer Creek Canyon. For sale in 2012.

Blue Jay Inn , under new ownership in 2008; status unknown. Baehrden Lodge, Pine Grove. Pine Valley Ranch Park. Currently being restored.

Celebrate Jeffco Outdoors Thea Rock Celebrate Jeffco Outdoors is a yearlong celebration of the spectacu- lar public lands that have been preserved and the wonderful outdoor recreation opportunities created by Denver Mountain Parks, Jefferson County Open Space and Great Outdoors Colorado (GOCO) over the past 100, 40 and 20 years, respectively. The celebration will be- gin with a gala event scheduled for April 5th, 2013 6pm-8pm at Red Rocks Visitors Center. Additionally, throughout 2013 will be a diverse mix of park-based events in an on-going series. Together our organiza- tions have preserved over 62,000 acres of land in Jefferson County and created the closest foothills and mountain outdoor experiences to the largest urban population center in Colorado, the Denver metropolitan area. Information about the special Celebration evening and year-long event series will be available online by visiting “JeffcoOutdoors.org”

Historically Jeffco 2012 33 Denver Mountain Parks Centennial Celebrates a Legacy of History

By Sally White, Denver Mountain Parks, and Jay Clark, Marketing & Communications, Denver Parks and Recreation ne hundred years ago, in May 1912, levy for Mountain Parks, which provided fund- Mrs. J.J. Brown was climbing Denver’s ing for the growth and development of the early Osocial ladder upon her safe return from parks and the roads necessary to reach them. the disastrous sinking of the ship Titanic, captur- In 1912 the Committee hired Frederic Law Ol- ing headlines and imaginations in the process. msted, Jr. to evaluate the proposed Mountain Two other Coloradoans were reported safe; three Park area and plan the necessary acquisitions were lost at sea, as the event echoed worldwide. and roads. In 1913 and 1914, a state legislative act granted Denver the powers of Eminent Do- main and Police in respect to Mountain Parks, and federal legislation allowed Denver to acquire national forest lands for only $1.25 an acre. When the first money for Denver Mountain Parks became available in 1913, the Committee and an independent report called for Lookout Mountain Road to be the first capital project. Construction on the “Lariat Trail” project was finished in 1914; the same year Olmsted’s re- port recommended the acquisition of more than 41,000 acres in the foothills west of Denver. As the Mountain Parks Committee predicted in 1911, “A Mountain Park for Denver will be the first step, and perhaps, the greatest step, in the great movement of making our mountains available for the people. We believe the Moun- Here in Colorado, young ladies were campaign- tain Park should be more than a picnic place, Images from Denver ing in downtown streets, urging Denver citizens it should be a summer home for the people of Mountain Parks collection to adopt a new mill levy, one-half mill to support Denver, and indeed for the tourists of the na- the acquisition and development of a system of tion.” parks in the foothills west of Denver. Thus 1912 Those modest yet visionary beginnings created also marks the official formation and approval one of the most distinct city-owned mountain of the breathtakingly beautiful Denver Moun- parks systems in the nation. Fast forward 100 tain Parks system. Denver Parks and Recreation years and the Denver Mountain Parks system is thrilled to celebrate this 100-year anniversary has grown and evolved to consist of 22 devel- and is proud to look back on the history of the oped parks and 24 conservation/wilderness areas system. currently encompassing approximately 14,000 In early 1911, three Denver civic organizations acres of mountain and foothills land—all owned came together to form the Mountain Parks Com- by the City & County of Denver. Here citizens mittee of the Commercial Bodies. Thanks to the can find an alpine lake (Summit Lake, near Mt. efforts of public officials, newspaper editorials, Evans), a world-class concert venue (Red Rocks labor organizations, and prominent citizens, the amphitheatre), a ski resort (Winter Park), two campaign for a Mountain Parks Amendment bison herds (at Genesee and Daniels Parks), and passed with a substantial majority. On May 21, Buffalo Bill’s grave. The majority of the system, 1912, Denver citizens voted to approve the mill more than 9,000 acres, lies in Jefferson County. 34 Historically Jeffco 2012 But the heart and soul of the system is the op- available to picnickers from a network of im- portunity it provides, today as it did in 1912, proved roads. Most of the early parks also have for citizens to find rest and recreation in scenic unique stone shelter houses, many of which were outdoor settings close to Denver. Today’s visitors designed by J. J. B. Benedict, that add to the will find all but a few Denver Mountain Parks distinctive historic character. Benedict’s rustic within easy driving distance; most are less than architecture created the continuing ambiance of an hour away from the Denver city limits. Ac- the Denver Mountain Parks.” cording to the 2008 Executive Summary of the Jules Jacques Benois Benedict, best known as the Denver Mountain Parks Master Plan, 68 per- architect of some of Denver’s grandest Beaux- cent of Denver residents visit at least one Denver Arts churches and residences, designed many Mountain Park annually (excluding Red Rocks Rustic style, or “Alpine” style, shelters and well and Winter Park), and more than two million houses, most of native stone and logs. The Ber- people visit the entire system annually. Surveys gen Park Pavilion (1915) was one of the earliest show that Denver residents comprise about one- designs completed by Jacques Benedict in the third of the visitors; another third come from mountain parks. This open shelter was construct- communities near the parks; the rest are visiting ed of native white quartz and green mortar with the area from further afield, including travelers a shingle-clad hipped roof, log supports, and a from other states and countries. stone chimney. In 1916, Benedict designed the Denver Mountain Parks are scattered in four Fillius Park Shelter, which displays unique use of counties (Clear Creek, Douglas, Grand and round openings framing surrounding views, as Jefferson), but they make up a cohesive system well as woven wattling in the entrance and under of significant lands connected by watersheds, the roof beams. forests, sensitive ecosystems, trails, and scenic In 1918, work was completed on the grand drives. Each park has its own distinct character; Chief Hosa Lodge in Genesee Park near Gold- the system as a whole shares an audience, uses, en, Benedict’s largest and most significant work geography, character, and historic integrity. for the Denver Mountain Parks. This building A Wealth of Historic Structures originally housed a restaurant for campers in the Denver Mountain Parks are also unique for the nearby “tent colony,” and was also the home of historic structures they contain—more than a World War I Museum in the 1920s. Benedict 50 across the system. Denver Mountain Parks shared his view on the Lodge’s design in a 1919 Superintendent Dick Gannon recently noted: Denver Municipal Facts article: Picnic at Bergen Park, Denver “Denver pioneered this system with the new “Hosa Lodge was always there. It lay about before Municipal Facts, automobile in mind, making mountain scenery one’s eyes as surface rock and spruce trees growing on 1919

Historically Jeffco 2012 35 the very ledge upon which it stands today, as a sort of the Denver Mountain Parks system will re- of collection of waste material at hand. We simply main an integral part of Denver’s reputation as piled up the rock in layers, leaving some openings a world-class city. With understanding and sup- for light. When we had enough rock and openings port, they can carry on as magnificent and vi- we laid the felled trunks across the top and called it brant parks at the bicentennial in 2112 as they a lodge, and it suffices. Its interior is no better than are today. its front or back, so it does not have the fault of dis- For further information: appointing one on further acquaintance. It remains http://denvermountainparks.org rock and red bark like its setting.” http://www.denvergov.org/parksandrecreation/Parks/

Benedict is sometimes credited with a few build- Sources: Benedict, Jules Jacques Benois. 1919. Impressions and reveries of a ings he apparently did not design. One in Jef- mountain motorist. Denver Municipal Facts, Vol. 2 # 3, p 12. ferson County is the $9,000 Dedisse Park Club- City & County of Denver, Department of Parks and Recreation. 2001. house (Evergreen Golf Club), created as a peeled Denver Mountain Parks District-wide Historical and Cultural Facilities Assessment. Andrews & Anderson Architects and Mundus log octagon with a conical roof with eyebrow Bishop Design. dormers and completed in 1925. Plans for the Denver Mountain Parks Master Plan 2008. City & County of Denver, building have the notation: “Designed by Fred. Parks & Recreation Dept. At http://mountainparkshistory.org/master/ W. Ameter, Oct. 10, 1924.” This Rustic style download.html; retrieved 8/20/2012. Downing, Warwick. 1931. How Denver Acquired Her Mountain Parks. building was intended to house a restaurant, Denver Municipal Facts; online at http://mountainparkshistory.org/ bar, and golf pro shop. The interior featured a Articles/1931history.pdf; retrieved 8/20/2012. Newspaper reports: Colorado Prospector April 1971 p.6; Denver Skaters on four-sided center stone fireplace, exposed beams, Post, April 16-29, 1912, various pages; Denver Times, May 1-2, 1912, Evergreen Lake wood paneling, and light fixtures fashioned from various pages. Denver Public Library clippings at http://Digital. appreciated the tree branches. Today it is known as Keys on the denverlibrary.org/cdm; retrieved 8/20/2012. Warming House, Olmsted, Frederic Law, Jr. 1912. Letter report to Board of Park built in the late Green. Commissioners, July 17, 1912. At http://mountainparkshistory.org/ 1930s by the Civilian Economic difficulties and funding issues contin- Articles/1912Olmsted.pdf; retrieved 8/20/2012. Conservation Corps. See also: Restored after a ue to make maintaining the Denver Mountain Bakemeier, Alice Millett. 2009. Picnics with Jacques Benedict, 1995 fire, it now Parks a challenge, as they have since the dedicat- Historically Jeffco 22:30, pages 11-15. serves seasonally ed mill levy was abandoned in 1955. One thing White, Sally. 2007. A Pleasure Ground in the Mountains: Denver’s as the Evergreen Mountain Parks and the Opening of Jefferson County, Historically Nature Center and is certain—the internationally known cultural Jeffco 20:28, p.14-20. boathouse. attractions, historic features, and natural beauty

36 Historically Jeffco 2012 Jefferson County Historical Commission 2012 By Rosemary Lewis, Chair ur capstone event of 2011, the Sesqui- as Jack Van Ens and Michael Houston), as did centennial Gala held at the Jefferson our County Commissioners, Faye Griffin, John OCounty Fairgrounds on November 18, Odom, and Don Rosier. was a great success by any measure. It was a mild, The evening’s program included the induction beautiful late autumn evening that reminds us of Norma Anderson and the Church family into just why we live in Colorado’s Front Range. Ap- the County Hall of Fame, recognition of the proximately 500 attendees, many in costume, Colorado Railroad Museum as a County Land- feasted on barbecue, enjoyed entertainment mark, and honoring Golden Landmarks Asso- provided by the volunteer Civil War Band, and ciation, for its record of achievement in histori- perused displays of County history and artifacts cal preservation, with the Meyer Award. Special collected for a time capsule. Presidents Thomas informative displays contributed by historical Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln addressed the societies from around the county provided di- crowd (also known by their alternate identities verse browsing for attendees and thoroughly en- hanced the evening.

A grand event, burial of a Jefferson County time capsule, took place on Friday, April 13, 2012. A small crowd gathered for this historic event, to watch this “message to the future” be securely buried for rediscovery in 2061, the county’s bicentennial year. Jefferson County Public Information

Historically Jeffco 2012 37 We are continuing to explore opportunities to work with our sister County organizations in preserving our history. The Historical Commis- sion is coordinating with Open Space as a stake- holder in the preservation of Baehrden Lodge in Pine Valley Open Space Park. This rustic gem, designed by renowned architect J.B. Benedict, was constructed in 90 days in 1927. We look forward to the reopening of this venue to the public in the near future. We are also investi- gating opportunities to work with the Jefferson County Libraries in support of the Oral History program. On May 5, the Commission sponsored our an- nual Historic Preservation Symposium together with our host community, Ken-Caryl Ranch. The theme this year was to take a look atthe recent past, of post-war Jefferson County. The keynote speaker was Diane Wray Tomasso, who opened our eyes to the historic value of modern Commissioners Faye We wrapped up the three-year observance of Jef- architecture, from the famous Deaton Sculpture Griffith (left) and ferson County’s 150th anniversary with the buri- House (“Sleeper” House) to some of the won- Don Rosier (right) join Jack van Ens (as al of the time capsule in the memorial garden derful surprises lurking in the Applewood and Thomas Jefferson), west of the Courts and Administration Building Green Mountain suburbs. More information on in a quiet moment on a blustery April 13, 2012. In attendance were this presentation is provided elsewhere in this with Jefferson’s statue in the atrium County Commissioners Griffin, Rosier, and edition of Historically Jeffco. After the morning of the Jefferson Odom, along with President Thomas Jefferson session, attendees were invited to tour Ken-Ca- County Courts & (aka Jack Van Ens), who addressed a crowd of ryl’s preservation success of the Bradford Perley Administration Building. about 75 people. The capsule is scheduled to House and environs. be unearthed in 2061 for Jefferson County’s bi- centennial. Our County archivist, Ronda Frazier, provided all the professional pres- ervation work and inventory of the artifacts in the capsule.

Bob Briggs looks on as Charlie McKay accepts the Hall of Fame award on behalf of the Church Family.

38 Historically Jeffco 2012 The year has brought with it some changes to the Commission. By resolution of the Board of County Commissioners, as of May 1, 2012, the Historical Commission has been reorganized into a smaller volunteer organization that should be more effective. In addition to our appointed members we have opportunities for volunteers who may be interested in pursuing or assisting a specific defined proj- ect related to Jefferson County, such as our Placenames Directory or with our annual Historic Preservation Symposium. In addition, members of historical societies and the public are always welcome at our monthly meetings, usually first Monday of the month at 1 p.m. in the Courts & Administration Building. If you are interested in becoming a volunteer or have any suggestions on projects, please let us know through our Planning & Zoning office contacts or visit us at a meeting. We continue to expand our presence on the Internet with the posting of past articles from this magazine, as well as our informational bro- chures and links to sites of local interest. As always, we are available to assist the public with navigating the maze of historic preservation options at the local, state, and national levels, or in helping preserve stories and artifacts related to Jefferson County. Master of Ceremonies Bob Briggs presents Hall of Fame plaque to Norma Anderson. As a final note, we lost one of our longest-serving Commission mem- bers earlier this year. Viona “Vi” Hader passed away on March 21, 2012, at the age of 93. She served with JCHC until just a few months before her death She worked tirelessly for the better- ment of Golden and Jefferson County in her many volunteer activities on behalf of the Foothills Art Center, the Foothills Animal Shelter, Golden’s Astor House, and for 27 years on this His- torical Commission. Her presence is missed by all who knew this wonderful, dedicated, lady.

Members of the Sesquicentennial gala committee, including JCHC members, county staff, honorees, and presenters, gathered with the County Commissioners to receive recognition for their efforts on the event.

Historically Jeffco 2012 39 Jefferson County

The Jefferson County Historical Com- Programs and Projects mission was established by the Board of JCHC joins with a host community to organize an Historic Preserva- County Commissioners in 1974 to encour- tion Symposium each May to discuss topics of current interest in the age and engender stewardship of the history preservation community. In recent years the Symposium has been held of Jefferson County. The Board of County in Conifer (2010), Westminster (2011) and Ken-Caryl (2012). Commissioners appoints the members of the The Landmark Program promotes the preservation of significant build- JCHC, comprised of eleven citizen volunteers ings and structures contributing to local history. Nominations from the representing every part of the County. We in- community are encouraged, and are due June 1 and December 1. vite you to get involved in helping us promote This magazine, Historically Jeffco, is produced annually. Writers are in- and recognize the county’s significant his- vited to submit articles for the Writers’ Awards. Winners in the adult torical features! The Historical Commission’s and youth categories are recognized at the Hall of Fame party. purpose, according to its bylaws, is outlined as follows: JCHC has developed a series of informational brochures of historical interest, including our agricultural, ranching, and tourism heritage. We “The business and purpose of this Commis- also have a directory of Museums and Historic Sites available. sion is to bring together people interested in history, and specifically the history of Jeffer- JeffCo History Just One Click Away... son County. Understanding the history of this www.historicjeffco.org community is basic to the County, State, and Visit Jefferson County’s history online, via our web site that provides Union, and promotes a better appreciation direct links to most historical societies, museums, resource pages, city of American heritage. Additional purposes of and county information, and other sources for historical information. the Commission shall include: Sponsored by the Jefferson County Historical Commission but privately • Coordinating the historical activities of the funded, the web site provides easy access points to pages on the official County of Jefferson and acting as a liaison county web site. Indices of the Commission’s annual Historically Jeffco with national, state and local historical or- magazine are also provided on the site, and selected stories from previous ganizations. issues are gradually being added. Send comments or corrections on the historicjeffco.org web site to [email protected]. • Disseminating historical information and arousing interest in Jefferson County’s past Obtaining Copies of Historically Jeffco by publishing historical material. Copies can be purchased for $6.46 at Planning and Zoning beginning • Promoting and supporting various historical late October. The magazine is available free of charge to members of and educational programs. Jefferson County historical societies. Back issues are also available upon request. Contact Jo Blakey at 303-271-8708. • Identifying, researching, and actively partic- ipating in the preservation of historical sites For More Information within Jefferson County. Planning and Zoning has further information for those interested in his- tory and historic preservation in Jefferson County, plus applications for • Participating in various organizational grant Commission membership. Call Jo Blakey at 303-271-8708. programs which provide financial assistance for the preservation of historical sites, or Disclaimer: The information in this magazine is solely provided by the authors. other historical programs.” JCHC, the Board of County Commissioners, and the Publications Committee are not responsible for the opinions of authors or the content of their articles.

40 Historically Jeffco 2011 2012 Jeffco Historical Commission Members

Deborah Andrews, 2000 Margaret Chapman, 2007 Richard Gardner, 2005 – Nina Kite, 2004 – Past Rose Lewis, 2009 – JCHC Mary Lindsey, 2010 – David Nelson, 2008 – – Founder Andrews and – Jefferson County Public Past President of Golden Chair of the Jeffco GOP. chair. Civil engineer turned Councilor for the City of Professor Emeritus, Red Anderson Architecture Trustee 2007–present Landmarks Association. Wheat Ridge native. historian/preservationist. Westminster. Member Rocks Community College. specializing in Historic Bachelor of Journalism, M.A. in History from the Lives in unincorporated MA thesis on community of the Westminster Past President, Lakewood Preservation. Co-planner University of Missouri University of Colorado at Jefferson County. and the Elitch Gardens Historical Society. Lives in Historical Society. Lives in of the annual Historic Pres- School of Journalism. Denver. Lives in Golden. Theatre. Lives in Ken-Caryl. Westminster. Ken-Caryl. ervation Symposium. Lives Lives in unincorporated on Lookout Mountain. Jefferson County.

Rita Peterson, 1981 – Jack Raven, 1997 – Past Milly Roeder, 1995 – Lives Cynthia Shaw-McLaughlin, Burdette Weare, 2003 – Sally White, 2004 – Man- Cheryl Wise, 2011 – Chairman of the Hall of President of the Arvada in Lakewood. 2010 – Director, Boettcher Retired History Professor. ages historic information Manager of Copper Fields Fame and Writers’ Award. Historical Society. Retired Mansion. Founder of the Third generation Jefferson web sites. Lives near Chateau and volunteers Volunteers at the Senior Safeway manager. Lives Colorado Arts & Crafts County resident. Lives in Morrison. with the Foothills Animal Resource Center. Lives in in Arvada. Society. Lives in Arvada. Evergreen. Shelter. Lives in Lakewood. Lakewood.

Commission Staff County Commissioners

Ernie Witucki, 2009 – Jo Blakey Dennis Dempsey Ronda Frazier Faye Griffin John Odom Donald Rosier Member of Colorado Preservation Inc. Member of the Colorado Tourism Council. Lives in Lakewood.

Historically Jeffco 2011 41 Jefferson County Historical Commission Prsrt Stdd Planning and Zoning, Suite 3550 U.S. Postage 100 Jefferson County Parkway PAID Permit #148 Golden, CO 80419 Golden, CO

Celebrating Our Parks and Open Space Heritage in 2013

Jeffco Open Space 1973-2013 Baehrden Lodge Denver Mountain Parks 1913-2013 Designed by JJB Benedict, 1928 Chief Hosa Lodge Designed by JJB Benedict, 1918

Chief Hosa Lodge, circa 1920. Courtesy Denver Public Library/Western History Collection, Z-6321, from City & County of Denver. Baehrden Lodge, courtesy of Jefferson County Opens Space