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2003 Black Bear Hunting Season Proves to Be a Successful Management Tool

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2003 Black Bear Hunting Season Proves to Be a Successful Management Tool PROGRAMS & RESEARCH 2003 Black Bear Hunting Season Proves to be a Successful Management Tool s the sun rose on the opening day of New distribution (35% juvenile/ 65% adult) matched AJersey’s first black bear hunting season in 33 those of bears captured during research and con- years, Garden State bear hunters were greeted with trol activities. Fish & Wildlife’s bear population a blanket of new snow. Although the snow and the analysis before the hunt, combined with infor- subfreezing temperatures seemed a hindrance at mation collected at mandatory bear-check sta- first, the weather actually improved hunters’ suc- tions, confirms that the current black bear cess by providing better sighting and tracking con- population can support regulated hunting with- ditions. out endangering the species’ viability During the hunt, held Dec. 8–13, 5,450 in New Jersey. The biological data on bears and hunters harvested 328 bears; both the total and the demographic data on hunter success will help six percent hunter-success rate were on target with refine future management actions. Fish & Wildlife’s biologists’ projections. Also, it Since 1980, Fish & Wildlife has used an proved to be a safe hunt, in part, because every integrated approach to managing black bears. bear hunter had successfully completed a manda- Today, this strategy includes: tory black bear hunting seminar. • Monitoring the bear population Bears were harvested in five of the seven • Educating New Jersey residents to reduce New Jersey counties open to black bear hunting bear/human conflicts (see Table 1). • Responding to complaints about nuisance An average of 0.21 bears per square mile were bears to protect public safety and property harvested within the land area open to hunting, • Using other appropriate control measures, well below the pre-hunting season density of about including a regulated hunt in 2003 With careful management, a healthy black Photo by Ken McKenzie,Photo by Ken NJWildlife and Fish bear population can continue to thrive and This 578 pound male black bear inhabited Ringwood State Park. safely coexist with New Jersey residents while providing recreational opportunities such as 2.5 bears per square wildlife watching and wildlife photography. mile calculated by Fish For more information on the results of the 2003 bear hunting season, & Wildlife’s black bear visit www.njfishandwildlife.com. population research. Patrick Carr, Supervising Biologist Hunters reported bear harvests in 36 of the 105 municipalities open to black bear hunting. Vernon Township, Sussex County, tallied the most; 38 bears were taken. More than 80 percent of hunters used Photo by Tom Denny Tom Photo by a shotgun to harvest George Soltis of Athens, Pennsylvania. their bears, and the majority of bears were taken on private or state land (see Table 2). The bear harvest sex ratio (209 females to 119 males) and the age Table 1. New Jersey 2003 Black Bear Harvest By County County Total Percentage Area: Bears Harvested Graham,Wade Photo by Sr. Harvest of Harvest mi2 per square mile Wade Graham of Canton, PA. Sussex 233 71 % 537 0.43 / mi2 Warren 48 15 % 363 0.13 / mi2 Table 2. New Jersey 2003 Black Bear Hunting Season Passaic 26 8 % 126 0.21 / mi2 Harvest by Land Ownership Morris 20 6 % 429 0.05 / mi2 Number of Bears Percent of Total Harvest Bergen 1 0.3 % 35 0.03 / mi2 Private Property 137 42 Hunterdon 0 0 219 0 / mi2 State Land 117 36 Somerset 0 0 74 0 / mi2 Federal Land 50 15 Total 328 1558 Average 0.21 / mi2 County or Municipal Land 24 7 62 2004 Hunting Issue Vol. 18, No. 1 August 2004 PROGRAMS & RESEARCH Living with Beavers—A Look at Damage Management hough the restoration of New Jersey’s beavers common source of damage. Beavers flood areas beaver. Snares are loops of wire that catch beavers T(Castor canadensis) is one of the state’s for two primary reasons: to create adequately deep around the neck without harming the animal. wildlife success stories, their increasing population water so they can swim and feed during the winter The use of snares and Hancock traps allows has caused some conflicts with residents. and to flood woodlands to reach food and create the beavers to be transported if a suitable release During the past three years, complaints about an easy pathway to float logs from one end of their site exists. Unfortunately, these trapped beavers beavers damaging property averaged about 135 habitat to another. In doing so, they often create often are euthanized because there are few places calls per year statewide. When one envisions the problems for homeowners by flooding property for release where they will not cause problems. damage beavers can do, their best-known habits and occasionally causing septic systems to back up. And, as many trappers will attest, it is very likely come to mind: beavers’ seemingly insatiable Farmers incur damage to crops when fields difficult to recapture a beaver once it has been desire to gnaw and their equally pressing need to are flooded. Roadways can be made impassable trapped and released. create ponds. It’s no surprise then, that more than by beavers’ dam-building activity. In some cases, In some situations, a flume, or water leveler, 95 percent of all complaints about beavers involve flooding has threatened endangered plants. Some can be installed in the dam so that water continues these two activities. species, like bog turtles, cannot remain in a to flow through the dam. The flume pipe extends The New Jersey Department of Environmental wetland that beavers have flooded. However, approximately 15 feet into the impounded water Protection’s Division of Fish & Wildlife employs beavers also are excellent at creating beneficial body, thus making it difficult for a beaver to a unit of technicians and biologists who specifically habitat for a variety of species such as waterfowl, determine the cause of the lowered water level are trained and skilled in dealing with wildlife mink, otters, herons and warm-water fishes. as it searches for a breach in the dam. At sites damage. This 11-member team works primarily Fish & Wildlife responds to reports of damage where this technique can be used effectively, the on damage problems associated with New Jersey’s by gleaning as much information as possible from beavers are able to remain in their habitat without larger wildlife species: white-tailed deer, black the caller. Oftentimes, the callers do not want the impacting adjacent roads or homes, since the bears, coyotes, beavers and wild turkeys. As with beavers trapped or removed, and a few simple water can be kept at an acceptable level. all wildlife-damage situations, the Fish & Wildlife steps can be taken to minimize the impacts of the Whenever the particular situation permits, team uses an integrated strategy to tackle beaver flooding or gnawing. complaints received during the summer months problems. Several approaches, such as education, are referred to trappers who catch the beavers exclusionary devices and trapping can be used Homeowners, farmers and businesses during the winter recreational trapping season. together to produce a maximum effect. But there requiring assistance with beavers damage This option solves many beaver problems. are no silver bullets in wildlife damage control— should contact the Division of Fish and Recreational trapping is a responsible use of the particularly with ambitious beaver. Wildlife at (908)735-8793. wildlife resource, and trappers use the beavers Beavers chew trees both to feed themselves they catch. Recreational trapping also helps to and to obtain the building materials they need to Frequently, all that is needed to solve beaver- control the beaver population and reduce the related problems is some technical advice for the number of complaints. caller. In most cases, the simple use of fencing can protect valuable trees, or save trees beavers have begun to eat. Hardware cloth is ideal for this purpose, since beavers cannot chew through the metal wire. It need only be applied to the tree’s base; beavers are not good at climbing. Some situations, however, require more than just advice. When roads and crop fields are flooded or when septic systems fail, it is often necessary to trap the beavers that are causing the problem. Beavers in New Jersey are caught using three Fish and Wildlife technicians installing a “flume” types of traps: Conibear traps, Hancock traps at Silver Lake Wildlife Management Area. and snares. Conibear traps are set under the water surface and are designed to kill beavers quickly. Although beavers’ behavior may create Hancock traps act like clamshells that live-trap the conflicts with people, their beneficial activities far outweigh the damage they cause. Their habitat-modification activities provide diverse Wire mesh wrapped around the base of a tree wildlife habitats, store water for aquifer recharge, to thwart beavers. improve water conditions for warm-water fishes, stabilize stream flows and control erosion. And, of construct dams and lodges. In the process, they course, beavers offer recreational opportunities for may cut down trees that are valuable to landowners. wildlife watchers and trappers. They also may inadvertently fell trees on Through its integrated strategy to manage the dwellings, structures and utility wires. Beavers’ state’s beaver population, Fish & Wildlife will gnawing can affect the agricultural community, continue working to reduce conflicts between too, by damaging nursery stock and felling or beavers and people to ensure beavers remain a girdling orchard trees. fascinating part of New Jersey’s fauna. The building of dams by beavers is the most Beaver caught in a snare. — Tony McBride, Principal Biologist Vol. 18, No. 1 August 2004 2004 Hunting Issue 63 PROGRAMS & RESEARCH New Jersey Fish and Wildlife Conducts Pintail Satellite Telemetry Study With Partners s I walked to the top of the dike numbers have declined markedly Ain the chilly, pre-dawn darkness since the mid-1970s.
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