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Sexual Diversity and Human Rights in Nigeria

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Sexual Diversity and Human Rights in Nigeria REPORT OF THE SURVEY ON SEXUAL DIVERSITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN NIGERIA BY INCRESE WITH FUNDING SUPPORT PROVIDED BY THE FORD FOUNDATION SEPTEMBER 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..........................................................................................viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... ix ES1.1: Introduction and statement of the problem .................................................. ix ES1.2 Research questions............................................................................................ ix ES1.3 Aims and objectives ........................................................................................... x ES1.7 Significance/justification ................................................................................... x ES2 Methodology .......................................................................................................... x ES 3.2 Findings from quantitative research.............................................................. xi ES3.3 Findings from qualitative data........................................................................ xii ES4 Recommendations ..............................................................................................xiii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Background ............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Statement of the problem ....................................................................................... 3 1.4 Research questions.................................................................................................. 3 1.5 Aims and objectives ................................................................................................ 4 1.6 Specific objectives ................................................................................................... 4 1.7 Significance/justification ........................................................................................ 4 1.8 Scope and limitations.............................................................................................. 6 1.9 Project activities...................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................. 8 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Sexuality defined..................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Continuum of Human Sexuality............................................................................ 9 2.3 Sexual identity ....................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Is Sexual Diversity Alien to Africa? .................................................................... 12 2.5 Sexual diversity in Nigeria ................................................................................... 14 2.5.1 Geographical distribution and Prevalence of Sexual diversity in Nigeria 14 2.5.2 Societal Attitudes towards Sexual diversity ................................................ 14 2.6 Laws that Prohibit Homosexuality...................................................................... 16 2.7 Law Enforcement.................................................................................................. 17 2.8 Religious and Community leaders....................................................................... 18 2.9 Nigeria International Civil and Political Human Rights Obligations.............. 18 CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................................ 20 SURVEY INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS............................................................. 20 4.0 Introduction........................................................................................................... 20 4.1 Study Context........................................................................................................ 20 4.2 Media Analysis ...................................................................................................... 20 4.3 Qualitative Research............................................................................................. 25 4.4 Quantitative Survey.............................................................................................. 25 4.4.1 Study Sites....................................................................................................... 25 4.4.2 Study Sample.................................................................................................. 25 ii 4.4.3 Sampling procedure and Samples................................................................ 25 4.4.4 Listing.............................................................................................................. 26 4.5 Survey Instruments............................................................................................... 27 4.6 Pre-test ................................................................................................................... 27 4.7 Recruitment and Training ................................................................................... 28 4.8 Data management ................................................................................................. 28 4.9 Ethical Considerations.......................................................................................... 29 4.10 Limitations........................................................................................................... 29 CHAPTER FOUR........................................................................................................... 30 FINDINGS FROM THE MEDIA ANALYSIS ............................................................ 30 4.0 Introduction........................................................................................................... 30 4.1 Assessment of media reports.......................................................................... 31 4.2 Incidents reported by the media.......................................................................... 31 4.3 Analysis of statements made by spokespersons.................................................. 32 Religious leaders....................................................................................................... 32 Policy makers............................................................................................................ 32 Human rights activists............................................................................................... 32 Government representative ....................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................ 39 FINDINGS FROM QUALITATIVE DATA................................................................ 39 5.1. The qualitative research participants ........................................................... 39 5.2. Sources of Information on selected issues..................................................... 39 5.2.1 Sources of Information about Sexuality and Sexual Rights ...................... 39 5.3 Age of Sexual Debut........................................................................................ 40 5.4 Range of Sexual Diversity .............................................................................. 41 5.5 Prevalence of Sexual diversity ............................................................................. 42 5.6 Regional, communal and institutional Knowledge, Behaviour & Attitude..... 42 5.7 Sexual rights .......................................................................................................... 44 5.8 Sexual rights abuses.............................................................................................. 45 5.9 Availability of services for sexual minorities................................................ 46 CHAPTER SIX ............................................................................................................... 48 RESEARCH FINDINGS FROM QUANTITATIVE DATA...................................... 48 6.0 Introduction........................................................................................................... 48 6.0.1 Sample selection ............................................................................................. 48 Section I: Respondent’s socio-demographic characteristics................................... 49 6.1.1 Age and sex distribution of respondents...................................................... 49 6.1.2 Age and sex distribution of respondents by regions ................................... 50 6.1.3 Educational Background of Respondents...................................................
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