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Restoration of the Yellow Montane Violet Population in Summit Park, Victoria, B.C

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Restoration of the Yellow Montane Violet Population in Summit Park, Victoria, B.C Restoration of the Yellow Montane Violet Population in Summit Park, Victoria, B.C. Shannon Breen UVic RNS Final Project - ER 390 Fall 2014 S. Breen 1 “Deep in their Roots, All Flowers Keep the Light” ~ Theodore Roethke Acknowledgments Firstly, I would like to pay my respect and give thanks to the Lekwungen peoples, known today as Esquimalt and Songhees First Nations, and their Coast Salish ancestors. This project was implemented on remarkably beautiful land that is in their traditional territory. Special thanks to Thomas Munson, City of Victoria. He was my supervisor overseeing me in this project. Thomas was incredibly helpful, enthusiastic and considerate throughout the project. I am very appreciative he connected me and granted me permission to do my project at Summit Park. I would like to give a big thank you to Colleen O’Brien, Playfair park community steward and super volunteer. Colleen’s environmental stewardship is incredibly inspiring and I feel very fortunate that she shared her vast knowledge about these special ecosystems with me. Many thanks to Dr. Valentin Schaefer, my amazing professor, project supervisor, and mentor at the University of Victoria’s Restoration of Natural Systems Program. Dr. Schaefer has given words of encouragement, council and assisted me many times over the past few years I have spent at UVic. I am so grateful for his guidance during this program. Thank you to Lisa Federspiel, Andréa Johnson, Andrew Reeves, and J.G. Balfour who are friends of mine that have lent a hand when I asked of them. Thanks to one of the neighbours of Summit Park/ the project plots who assisted and lent me equipment. Thank you to James Miskelly from the City of Victoria, who identified numerous species of grasses for me. Thanks to my fellow students in the UVic RNS program, and the wonderful society that makes up GOERT. Both are teams of hardworking, nature loving people. You are both very inspiring and keep me optimistic about the future of our environment. This project completes my Restoration of Natural Systems Diploma and a Bachelor’s degree. It has been a welcomed learning experience and an enjoyable way to end this chapter in my life. Though this project comes at the end of my university education, I do believe it is just the beginning of my connection with yellow montane violets and the start of my path in ecological restoration. (Cover Photo: Tim Ennis – Yellow Montane Violets, Cowichan Valley. 2009) S. Breen 2 Abstract Viola praemorsa spp. praemorsa (Yellow Montane Violet) is a Species at Risk, red-listed plant in B.C and it is listed as endangered by COSEWIC. There are a few small patches of this plant species found in the Garry oak ecosystem located at Summit Park in Victoria, B.C. The introduction of invasive grasses and other non- native plant species to the area has led to the degradation of the yellow montane violet habitat in the park. The goal of this project is to increase yellow montane violet’s populations’ health and numbers. The objective of this project is to improve the habitat of the yellow montane violet in Summit Park by reducing surrounding invasive species. The main approach to achieve this objective is to eliminate the invasive grasses from continuing to overtake the yellow montane violet habitat. This was carried out by removing the seed bank of unwanted species and the removal of invasive species. Mulch was added to the area to prevent the invasive grasses from growing late in the season. This report summarizes the restoration work that was implemented on the plots located in Summit Park. KEY WORDS: Ecological restoration, Biodiversity, Conservation, Garry oak ecosystem, Summit Park ,Viola praemorsa ssp. praemorsa, Yellow Montane Violet, Prairie Violet, Canary Violet, Upland Yellow Violet, Red-listed, Species at Risk, COSEWIC endangered S. Breen 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 4 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................ 5 List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.0 Ecosystems & Species of Conservation Concern.......................................................................... 8 1.0.1 Species Ranking In British Columbia ...................................................................................... 8 1.0.2 Species at Risk ............................................................................................................................ 8 1.1.0 Coastal Douglas-fir Biogeoclimatic Zones & Garry oak (Quercus garryana) Ecosystems .. 9 1.2.0 Yellow montane violets (Viola praemorsa ssp. praemorsa).................................................... 12 2.0 Project Plan ......................................................................................................................................... 17 2.0.1 Colleen O’Brien & Playfair Park ........................................................................................... 17 2.1 Project Approach ............................................................................................................................ 19 2.2 Budget & Tools ............................................................................................................................ 21 2.3 Project Schedule .......................................................................................................................... 21 3.0 Methods ................................................................................................................................................ 23 3.1 Site Conditions ................................................................................................................................ 23 3.2 Plots .................................................................................................................................................. 23 3.3 Invasive Species Removal ............................................................................................................... 26 3.3.1 Weeds ........................................................................................................................................ 26 3.3.2 Grasses ...................................................................................................................................... 27 3.4 Population Count ............................................................................................................................ 27 3.5 Mulch ............................................................................................................................................... 31 3.6 Measures of Success ........................................................................................................................ 32 4.0 Results & Observations & Interpretation ........................................................................................ 33 4.1 Site Conditions: ........................................................................................................................... 33 4.2 Plots: ............................................................................................................................................. 33 4.3 Invasive Species Removal:.......................................................................................................... 34 4.4 Population Count: ....................................................................................................................... 34 4.5 Mulch: .......................................................................................................................................... 37 5.0 Discussion & Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 37 5.1 Suggested Improvements for Project ............................................................................................ 38 5.2 Future Possibilities .......................................................................................................................... 39 6.0 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 40 References .................................................................................................................................................. 42 S. Breen 4 Appendix .................................................................................................................................................... 44 I. Glossary ......................................................................................................................................... 44 a. COSEWIC..................................................................................................................................
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