ATTACHMENT SS2

REGION 2 SENSITIVE SPECIES EVALUATION FORM

Species: praemorsa ssp. flavovirens (V. praemorsa)

Criteria Rank Rationale Literature Citations Region 2 harbors the southeastern portion of the distribution of Viola praemorsa. It • Dorn 2001 1 BD occurs in the Big Horn, Medicine Bow, and Absaroka mountains and the Sierra Madre Distribution • NatureServe 2002 within R2 in Albany, Park, Big Horn, Carbon, Sweetwater, Sheridan, Washakie, Johnson, • University of 1998 Campbell, Hot Springs, and Fremont counties, Wyoming, and is found in the Shoshone National Forest, Bighorn National Forest, and Medicine Bow national forests. It also occurs in , therefore, additional state information is necessary in order to determine its status in Region 2.

In Wyoming, this species is found between 5,400 and 12,000 feet in elevation on open, moist seepage slopes, sagebrush slopes, open Pinus ponderosa forest, grasslands with patches of Picea engelmannii and Pinus albicaulis, Populus tremuloides groves, and Pseudotsuga menziesii/Abies lasiocarpus forests. Such habitats represent a variety of substrates and vegetation types that are discontinuous on the landscape, resulting in a patchy distribution.

Note: Wyoming authors have not recognized this taxon below the species level, and two varieties are said to be present in the state, V. praemorsa ssp flavovirens and V. p. var. linguifolia. Wyoming specimens have not been annotated to subspecies and the information in this evaluation refers to species-level information.

Confidence in Rank High Viola praemorsa is known from to Alberta, south to , and • Dorn 2001 2 C . In Wyoming, it is known from all counties outside of Region 2. Distribution • NatureServe 2002 outside R2 • University of Wyoming 1998

Confidence in Rank High Not known. • - 3 D Dispersal Capability

Confidence in Rank High This species is known from over 30 occurrences in the Region 2 portion of the state. It • NatureServe 2002 4 BD is ranked “S4” in Wyoming and is not tracked. It occurs in Colorado but is not tracked. Abundance in • University of Wyoming 1998 R2 Confidence in Rank High

USDA-Forest Service R2 Sensitive Species Evaluation Form Page 1 of 3 ATTACHMENT SS2

Species: Viola praemorsa ssp. flavovirens (V. praemorsa)

Criteria Rank Rationale Literature Citations Not known. • - 5 D Population Trend in R2

Confidence in Rank High Not known. • - 6 D Habitat Trend in R2

Confidence in Rank High There are no known threats. This species occurs on lands managed as wilderness and • University of Wyoming 1998 7 CD for multiple use by Shoshone National Forest, Bighorn National Forest, and Medicine Habitat Vulnerability Bow National Forest. It also occurs in Yellowstone National Park, Teton National Park, or and on National Forest land not administered by Region 2 in Wyoming. Modification Confidence in Rank High Viola praemorsa is a perennial forb. In the Viola genus, the combined activities of • Beattie 1978 8 D pollen and seed vectors tend to establish populations or subpopulations of clumped Life History and patterns with small size and area. Most species have "ballistically" dispersed seeds Demographics that are cached by ants. Most species are pollinated by solitary bees. Many species also have self-pollinating (cliestogamous) underground flowers.

Additional information on the species, including life history stages, population structure, longevity, mortality, and seed biology, are not available.

Confidence in Rank High Initial Evaluator(s): Date: 29 July 2002 Bonnie Heidel and Scott Laursen

National Forests in the Rocky Mountain Region where species is KNOWN (K) or LIKELY(L)1 to occur:

1 Likely is defined as more likely to occur than not occur on the National Forest or Grassland. This generally can be thought of as having a 50% chance or greater of

USDA-Forest Service R2 Sensitive Species Evaluation Form Page 2 of 3 ATTACHMENT SS2

Colorado NF/NG Kansas NF/NG Nebraska NF/NG South Dakota Wyoming NF/NG

NF/NG

y y

y y y Known Likel Known Likel Known Likel Known Likel Known Likel Arapaho-Roosevelt NF Cimmaron NG Samuel R.McKelvie NF Black Hills NF Shoshone NF X White River NF Halsey NF Buffalo Gap NG Bighorn NF X Routt NF Nebraska NF Ft. Pierre NG Black Hills NF Grand Mesa, Ogalala NG Medicine Bow NF X Uncompahgre, Gunnison NF San Juan NF Thunder Basin NG Rio Grande NF Pike-San Isabel NF Comanche NG

Literature cited Beattie, A. 1978. -animal interactions affecting gene flow in Viola. In: A.J.Richards, ed. The Pollination of Flowers by Insects. Academic Press, London.

Dorn, R.D. 2001. Vascular of Wyoming, third edition. Mountain West Publishing, Cheyenne, WY.

NatureServe. 2002. Explorer – an encyclopedia of life. Plant and animal data posted at www.natureserveexplorer.org, Arlington, VA.

University of Wyoming – Rocky Mountain Herbarium. 1998. Atlas of the Flora of Wyoming. Posted electronically through 1998 at: http://www.esb.utexas.edu/tchumley/wyomap/ and unposted accession information at the Rocky Mountain Herbarium through 2001.

appearing on NFS lands.

USDA-Forest Service R2 Sensitive Species Evaluation Form Page 3 of 3