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Lecture Outline.Pdf Fri April 20: rescheduled to Monday April 23. Includes a couple of highlights about the Underworld to prepare you for the midterm. Catch up items: Echo (vs. Hera); Hermes, Hera and the Milky Way Pan Dionysus/Bacchus Ch. 11, 262-291 Major source for myths of Dionysus: Euripides' tragedy Bacchae 406 BCE Nature of Dionysus p. 264-5 wine growth ivy, thyrsus ecstatic dancing omophagy Asiatic origins, but a long history in Greece (the name Dionysus is found in Linear B tablets) dual birth/resurrection god Zeus + Persephone -> Zagreus At Thebes: Zeus + Semele -> Dionysus Hera vs. Semele: nursed by Ino, sister of Semele 'twice-born' Baby Dionysus disguised as a goat in Nysa Etymology: Dionysus from Dios + Nysa p. 283 (same 'di' as in the indo-european root of the name of Zeus?) Zagreus torn Zagreus -> consumption of Divine force animal torn animal -> grape wine -> compare the other examples of the 'dying god': Dumuzi, Adonis, Attis, Osiris Wanderings of Dionysus in East pp. 265-6 in Phrygia - meets Cybele Phrygia - King Midas and his wish (gold) India (this gets especially popular after Alexander the Great's exploits in India Dionysus brings eastern rites to Greece ecstasy (Greek = 'standing outside oneself') p. 263 female Bacchae /Maenads p. 286 male Satyrs/Silenus p. 266 those who resist Dionysus Lycurgus - in Thrace tries to expel maenads and young Dionysus from Thrace. Dionysus hides in the sea. Lycurgus driven mad, attacks his mother and son. various accounts of death include: being staked to the ground and eated by wild horses or being overwhelmed by vines. p. 270 Pentheus (King of Thebes) pp. 271-3 carefully review the selections from Euripides' Bacchae in Powell p. 271-282. You may see quotes from this on the exam including but not limited to 'See here the place where Semele's body lies, struck by the thunderbolt, down by the house whose ruins smolder with still-living fire, witness of Hera's violence to my mother. 44 - this city, uninitiate in my rites, must learn, like it or not, that I am here to show my mother's glory, manifesting myself to men as the god she bore to Zeus. 496 --We'll chain your body up in a cell, inside --The god himself will free me when I ask. 733 ff. a herd of cattle was browsing in the wood The women seized them with unweaponed hands And then -- you could have seen one woman brandish in either hand the limbs of a bellowing calf 810 ff. --Would you like to watch their gathering in the hills? --I would indeed, although it cost an enormous sum. --what makes you feel so eager for the sight? --disgust at seeing all those women drunk. 942 - should I hold my thyrsus up in my right hand or in the left, to make me look more like them? 1099 ff See mother, I am your son ... pity me mother, do not slay your child whaterver, in your eyes, my guilt may be. Pentheus thinks he sees a bull when he sees Dionysus torn to pieces by his mother Agave. Minyades their looms turn to vines etc. Proetiades (daughters of Proetus) itching. thought they were cows, contaminated others. Melampus cured them and got 2/3 of their father's kingdom of Argos. p. 282. Etruscan Pirates Journey to the underworld p. 282 ff to rescue Semele, changed her name to Thyone ('the one who receives the sacrifice') Marriage to Ariadne Ariadne, daughter of MInos on Crete. Helped Theseus find his way out of the labyrinth after he killed the minotaur. Theseus left Crete with Ariadne, but abandoned her on Naxos. Dionysus rescued her, married her, and made her divine. Her crown becomes a constellation. Cult of Dionysus at Athens (what goes wrong in the myth goes right in the ritual) City Dionysia (mid March) wooden statue procession: bulls, phalloi revels theatrical performances Sample questions 1. Which of the following are NOT attendants of Dionysus? a) Maenads b) Satyrs c) Sileni d) Harpies 2. What creature is here depicted? a) Satyr b) Gorgon c) Titan d) Harpy [3-5] “I found these mangled bits, torn up and scattered through the lonesome woods, no two together. Now I have brought them home…I have retrieved this boy killed by the Bacchae.” 3. The Quote above describes the fate of which figure? a) Odysseus b) Pentheus c) Agamemnon d) Dionysus 4. In the ancient world, where would you have heard the Quote above? a) The Theater of Dionysus at Athens b) an oral performance of epic c) a debate in the Agora d) on the porch of the Erechtheum 5. The figure mentioned in the Quote has suffered: a) sparagmos b) exile c) poison d) centauromachy 6. Crying in terror, down from his high perch , down to the earth poor _________ plunged now fully conscious that his end was near. HIs mother first began this pious murder, flinging herself upon her fallen son. Whose name belongs in the blank? a) Pentheus b) Hyacinthus c) MInyas d) Actaeon e) Arcas 7. Pentheus perished when a) Artemis turned him into a stag b) he challenged Apollo to a music competition c) his ship sunk near Scylla and Charybdis d) his son overthrew him e) his mother and other Theban women tore him to pieces 8. The ship stood still upon the sea as fixed in dry dock ... ivy creeping, winding, clinging, bound the oars and decked the sails in heavy clusters. __________ himself, grape-bunches garlanding his brow, brandished a spear that vine-leaves twisted The name that belongs in the blank is a) Ares b) Poseidon c) Bacchus d) Adonis e) Attis 10. The crew in the ship in # 9 were transformed into a) leopards b) seagulls c) stones d) dolphins e) starfish 11. The birth of which god is here depicted? a) Zeus b) Apollo c) Dionysus d) Hephaestus 12. The pirates who kidnapped Dionysus were transformed into: a) bears b) ivy c) maenads d) dolphins 13. In which of the following communal activities in ancient Athens is Dionysus NOT the god most likely to be worshipped? a) a tragic play b) a thiasus c) an olive harvest d) a grape harvest UNderworld highlight sample Questions . "Don’t attempt to teach me about death, O learned Odysseus! Better to serve as a hireling to another, a man who is landless and hungry himself, than here to be ruler of all the shriveled-up dead." Which dead inhabitant of the Underworld expresses this pessimism about the afterlife? a) Achilles b) Hades c) Minos d) Sisyphus e) Aeneas Orpheus lost Eurydice forever because a) he was unfaithful to her with Persephone b) his music failed to win over the spirits of the Underworld c) he looked back to see if she was behind him d) he decided to devote himself to his musical career e) She fell in love with Hades .
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